24 Fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Fron” Fairgas? Peakage Retentivity The property of a magnetic material by which it can retain the magnetism even after the removal of inducting soure steel, Ohm’s Law of Magnetism Consider a torroidal ring as shown in Figure 2.3. Let the magnetising coil has N turns of wire of mean length | metres, Acurrent of / A flows through the coil, establishing a magnetic flux of © webers Figure 2.3 The flux density B is given by ole : B= W/m (i) Also we have B= pu, 1 Wo/me Gi) where / the magnetic field strength is given by 1 magnetic field strength From (i), (ii) and (iii) we have 2 NI tie NI [oA] é ‘The denominator’, 4 is called reluctance, SMagnetic Circuits 2.5 o= 2.8 Equation 2.8 resembles the Ohm’s law of electricity and hence it is called Ohm’s Law of magnetism. EEMEN 4 selenoid is wound with a coil of 200 turns. The coil is carrying a current of 15A. Find the value of magnetic intensity when the length of the coil is 80 cm. Given N= 200 turns Tilia AS £ =80cm = 80x 107m INI ~. Magnetic intensity, H = r AT/m _ 200x1.5 ~ 80x10? ideeuee “he magnetic strength of a magnet with a square cross section of side 5 cm is 0.3 milliweber. Find the value of magnetic flux density, = 375 AT/m Given Cross section is a square of side 5 cm «. Cross sectional area (A) =Scemx5cm =Scm’ =5.x 10+ m?* Magnetic strength of the magnet () = 0.3 milliweber = 0.3 x 10° weber ©. Flux density (B) =O/A _ 0.3%107 5x10 = 0.6 Wb/m? {Problem 3 | A current of 2 amperes passes through a coil of 350 turns wound on an iron ring of mean diameter 12 cm. The flux density established in the ring is 1.4 W/m’. Find the value of relative permeability of iron.Current (I) =? We have © => HoH, A rr cee | 7 nA | 500 x10 x 60x 107 200x 4x 107 x 400x 4x10" =746A a erie Composite Magnetic Circuits An iron ring with air gap path forms a composite magnetic circuit. In the Figure 2.4 an air gap of length 1, is made in the iron ring of length /,. The total reluctance of the magnetic circuit will be the sum of the reluctances of iron ring and the reluctance offered by air gap. ‘ Hes S=S,+S, 'p Bea Air gap a Uys Pra eo Figure 2.4 In case of a composite magnetic circuit consisting of magnetic materials of different dimensions, as shown in Figure 2.5, the expression for flux is given by Ag, '3. Pra Aplopr2 Figure 2.5