HOLT McDOUGAL LITERATURE Vocabulary Practice and Tests GRADE 10 Vocabulary Practice * Words in Context * Analogies + Synonyms « Prefixes, Suffixes, Roots Vocabulary Tests + Standardized Test Formats for Analogies, Sentence Completions, Reading Passages + Lesson Tests 4X HOLT MeDOUGAL 3 division of Houghion Mifin HarcourtCover © Tetra Images/Punchstock Copyright © by Houghton MifMtin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any ‘means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. 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Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion oF it, into electronie format.(© Houghton Min Harcourt Pubishing Company Consultant Norbert Elliot, the general editor of Vocabulary Practice, has a Ph.D. in English from The University of Tennessee. He is a professor of English at New Jersey Institute of Technology. A former site director for the National Writing Project, he has directed summer language arts institutes for kindergarten through twelfth- grade teachers in the public schools. A specialist in test development and evalua- tion of writing, Norbert Elliot has written books nd articles on writing assessment, communication, and critical thinking, Dr. Elliot is the father of five children and is, married to Lorna Jean Elliot, under whose care, he says, “everything thrives.”a 8 Vocabulary Practice World Literature and Culture CI SRN aTAW Coa Aes GReTL SKILLS AND STRATEGIES + Context Clues + Word Structure + Sound Clues * Dictionary Definition * Sentence Completion Context: Expression Lesson 1: The First Artists ern Lesson2: The Stagecoach Never Stops: Westerns... 7 Lesson 3: Gabriel Garcia Marquez: “A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" oe Lesson 4: African Storytellers ... sees 1S Lesson 5: The Aliens at Grovers Mill snmnnennnnnnnses 19 Lesson 6: William Faulkner: Voice from the South, 23 Lesson 7: The Romance of Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning... 27 Lesson 8: Zora Neale Hurston: Many-sided Writer. 31 Lesson 9: Art Beyond Reality: Surrealism ....c.u 35 Lesson 10: Leo Tolstoy: The Wealthy Russian Peasant snnnee 39 Context: Civilization Lesson 11: Machiavelli: Designer of States ww. 43 Lesson 12: Pyramids: Ancient Wonders .. 47 Lesson 13: Back in the Bronx... Lesson 14: What Was the Black Death? . 55 Lesson 15: Two Russian Revolutions .... 59 Lesson 16: The Islamic World: a.0. 600-1300 68 Lesson 17: Before Aspirin: Medicine in the Middle Ages.. or Lesson 18: The Revolutions of Mahatma Gandhi sn n Lesson 19: Science Fiction: Into the Future 5 Lesson 20: The Industrial Revolution; Machines Make Progress 79 e Contents Vvi Context: Lesson 21 Lesson 2: Lesson 23: Lesson 24: Lesson 25: Lesson 26: Lesson 27: Lesson 28: Lesson 29: Lesson 30: Ree Se IA A AUdo ea eeu SKILLS AND STRATEGIES The Environment Thinking Like a Mountain Why Be an Environmentalist? .... What Do We Owe the Environment? Laboratory Lakes for Acid Rain Rinsing the Ketchup Bottle: Recycling More Than Spilled Milk: 11 Million Gallons of Oil in the Sea senna 103 ‘Sketching in the Wild: John James Audubon 107 Can Nature Be Restored? 0. 1 Wordsworth and the Lake District... 115 Moving Continents, If You Get My Drift 119 123 + Understanding Analogies | * Types of Analogies + Solving Analogies Lesson 1: Lesson 2: Lesson 3: Lesson 4: Lesson 5: Lesson 6: Lesson 7: Lesson 8 Lesson 9) Lesson 10: Lesson 11 Lesson 12: Lesson 13: Lesson 14: Lesson 15: Contents ANALOGIES we 126 ANALOGIES 127 ANALOGIES 128 ANALOGIES .... 129 ANALOGIES .... 130 ANALOGIES 131 ANALOGIES 2 132 ANALOGIES 133 ANALOGIES 134 ANALOGIES 135 ANALOGIES 136 ANALOGIES 137 ANALOGIES socnsnntinnensnnn 138 ANALOGIES ae snes 139 ANALOGIES soc ere serene 140 (© Houghton Mitin Harcourt Publishing CompanyHarcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton iz ANd ROLLS 141 SKILLS AND STRATEGIES + Reading Longer Passages * Finding Synonyms + Reading Strategically Context: Expression Lesson 1: Why Socrates Died sen 143 Lesson 2: The World Beyond: American Indian Tales, 149 Lesson 3: Franz Kafka’s Bug 155 Lesson 4: Yukio Mishima: Japan's Literary Warrior eaeaieiel Lesson 5: India’s Three Great Beliefs... 167 Context: Civilization Lesson 6: In Search of Troy and Ulysse5 w..snnnnnnmnnnnnn 173 Lesson 7: Guatemala’s Forgotten City 179 Lesson 8: China's Ming Dynasty: A Dream Journey 185 Lesson 9: Japan's Samurai Warriors 191 Lesson 10: A Letter from Nigeria, sone 197 Context: The Environment Lesson 11: Editorial: Can the Elephant Be Saved? ....ussnnnnnnnnnnne 203 Lesson 12: The Destruction of the Rain Forests, 209 Lesson 13: The Ocean Source ... 215 Lesson 14: Is the Earth Alive? 221 Lesson 15: Where Does All the Garbage Go? ennnne 227 VOCABULARY WORDS .. 233 Vocabulary Tests Contents .. Note to the Teacher .. Formative Assessment, Tests 1-30 Summative Assessment . 33 Test 1 CONTEXT: Expression 35 Test 2. CONTEXT: Civilization .. 47 Test 3. CONTEXT: The Environment 59 Contents viiThe following tables list some common roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Use these tables to help you determine the meaning of a word by examining its structure. GREEK ROOTS | BASE MEANING EXAMPLES apo human being anthropology, anthropoid, philanthropic aster, astro star astronomy, astronomical, asterisk baro | pressure barometer, barometric bili, btn book bibliographer, bibliomania, biblical bio | tite biology, biochemistry, biodegradable evont color chromatic, chromaticity chrono time chronology, chronometer, chronoscope cosmo world, order, universe cosmology, cosmonaut, cosmopolitan crac, erat rule, govern aristocracy, aristocratic, democrat dem people democracy, demagogue, epidemic erm skin dermatitis, dermatology ethno ration ethnic, ethnocentrism | ew good, well | euphoria, euphony, euphemism | gam marriage ‘monogamy, polygamy, bigamy geo | earth geology, geocentric, geodynamics ‘gno, kno to know knowledge, gnostic, agnostic | srk gm to write, draw, record autograph, telegram, paragraph, FB | sumno,gyan athlete ymnestics, gymnasium im hydro water hydrogen, hydrodynamics, hydroplane é hiypno sleep hypnosis, hypnotic, hypnotize 8 | typo under, below hypodermic, hypotension, hypothermia = | iim stone monolith, megalith = | legue, logo idea, word, speech, reason | dialogue, monologue, epilogue, logical B | meter mtr measure diameter, metric, millimeter micro small ‘microscope, microorganism min to copy, imitate mimic, mime, mimeograph miso hatred of misoneism, misology Common Roors, PREFIXES, AND SUFFIXESGREEK ROOTS (continued) BASE MEANING EXAMPLES mono one monologue, monogamy, monograph mor foo! moron, moronic morph form pseudomorph, mesomorph, metamorphosis neu, nero nerve neurology, nervous, neuritis | nym, onym,onom — | name acronym, homenym, onomatopoeia | opt eye optic, optical, optician | ortho straight orthodontics, orthopedics | pan all pangenesis, pangram, pantheism path feeling apathy, sympathy, pathetic peri around perimeter, periscope, periphery petr rock petrify, petroleum, petroglyph phe speak, spoken about cuphemistic, prophet phil, philo love philodendron, philology, philharmonic pho fear phobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia phon sound, voice phonetics, phonics, telephone photo light photography, phototlash, photogenic pew breath pneumonia, pneumatic citizen, city, state poly many psewio false psych mind, soul, spirit pyr fire scope tosee soph wise syn, sym together techn art, skill tele ata distance the, them, thet to place, put thea, theatr tosee, view theo God therm heat topo place X Common Roots, Paerixes, AND SUFFIXES metropolis, politician, political polychromatic, polyester pseudonym, pseudosalt, pseudomorph psychic, psychology, psychoanalysis pyromania, pyrotechnic kaleidoscope, telescope, microscope philosopher, sophisticated symphony, synthesize technical, technology, technique telescope, telephone, telecommute epithet, antithesis, theme theater, theatrical, ampitheater theology, theocracy, theocentric thermometer, thermonuclear, thermal topography, topology i a £ 6Harcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton LATIN ROOTS BASE MEANING EXAMPLES act todo, drive action, actor, react, transact, enact alt high altitude, altimeter, altiplano anima acme life, mind animal, animated ann, enn year annual, perennial, bicentennial aque water aquarium, aquamarine, aquanaut arbitr, arbiter art aud bell cede cele cent cept, capt, cip, cap, ceive, ceipt cert cess, ced cid, cs clin cog comput cor, cord, card comp cred crit, ris eulp curs, curr, corr custom dent dic, dict duct, du aur army, weapon, to judge, consider craft, skill tohear to go: to yield honor one hundred to take hold, grasp to be sure, to trust to go; to yield to cut off, be brief; to kill around to lean, lie, bend to think, consider to compute heart body tobelieve, trust to separate; to discern, judge fault, blame torun tooth to say, to speak; to assert to lead; to draw hard, lasting armory, armament arbitrator, arbitrary, arbiter artist, artsy, artisan audience, auditorium, audible belligerent, bellicose intercede, supercede, concede celebrate, celebrities percent, bicentennial, centennial intercept, receive, receipt, capture certain, ascertain, certifiable | cessation, concession, accede, procession concise, homicide, genocide circumference, circle, circular decline, incline, recline cognition, cognitive, recognize computer, computation cardiovascular, coronary corpse, corpulence, corporate credibility, incredible, credit, credential criticism, critique, crisis culprit, culpable current, oceurrence, cursor, corral customized, customer, accustom dentist, dental, dentifrice diction, dictionary, dictate aqueduet, abduct, conduct, reduce duration, durable, endure Common Roots, PREFIXES, AND SUFFIXES xiLATIN ROOTS (continued) BASE MEANING EXAMPLES ego 1 egotistical, egocentric, egoism equ equal, fair equality, equation, equator Jc fic, fect, fact tomake, do facsimile facility, defect, efficient fer to carry, bear, bring offer, transfer, aquifer fid trust, faith fidelity, infidel, infidelity fn end, limit finish, finite, infinite, final fu to flow fluid, flux, fluctuate form shape, form formal, formative, inform ort strong fortress, fortify, fortification frig cool d, refrigerate, frigorific fom smoke; scent fuming, fumigate, perfume gen race, family, kind genealogy, general, generation grad, gress step, degree, rank grade, gradual, regress grat pleasing, thankful congratulate, gratitude, gratify grav, grieo heavy gravitate, gravity, grieve hab tohave, hold; to dwell habit, habitat, inhabit hom ‘man, human homage, homicide hosp guest hospital, hospitality host enemy, stranger hostile, hostility, host init to begin, enter upon initial, initiate, initiation jr, jus, judic labor at loud kg leo liter Jingu, langu loc Iocu,logu, locut Ie, turnin law, right, judgment young work lateral, side; wide praise law to make light, to lift free tongue place word, speak light jurist, justify, judicial juvenile, juvenility, rejuvenate laboratory, laborer, laborious latitude, latitudinal laud, laudable, laudatory legal, legislator, legitimate elevator, lever, levitate liberal, liberate, libertarian language, sublingual local, localize, relocate, dislocate elocution, eloquent, loquacious illuminate, lucent, lucid Common Roots, PREFIXES, AND SUFFIXES i a £ 6(© Houghton Min Harcourt Pubishing Company LATIN ROOTS (continued) BASE MEANING EXAMPLES none hand manual, manufacture mar sea marinate, marine, maritime amet, mei middle mediate, medieval, mediocre medic physician, to heal medical, medicine, medicinal memor mindful ‘memorial, memory mon to remind, advise, warn admonish, monitor, premonition ment mind ‘mental, mentally, mentality mmigr to move, travel immigrant, migration, migratory mit, mis tosend remission, missive, transmit mort death ‘mortal, mortality, mortify smov, mob, mot to move mob, mobile, remove, motion mut change, exchange mutant, mutate, transmutate recess unavoidable necessary, necessitate, necessity noe, nox harm innocent, innocuous, nocent, obnoxious noc, nox night equinox, nocturnal, nocturne nomen, nonin name nominal, nominate, nomenclature null, nil, nil ord, ordin par, pair part, pars ped pend, pond, pens pli, lic lr, plus port pos pot rio, prin priv prov, prob reg, rig, rect rupt nothing, void to put in order to arrange, get ready, set portion, part foot to weigh, pay; to consider to fold more tocarry to place, put powerful first separate to prove, test to rule; right, straight to break, burst nihilism, i, nullify order, ordinal, ordinary parade, prepare, repair partial particle, partner pedestal, pedestrian, pedal pension, pensive, ponder pliable, plicate, replicate plural, pluralistic, surplus import, export, portable position, positive impotent, potent, potential primary, prime, primitive, principal deprive, private, privilege probate, probation, prove regal, regent, region, rectify disrupt, eruption, rupture Common Roots, PREFIXES, AND SUFFIXES xiLATIN ROOTS (continued) BASE MEANING sacr, seer, sanct sacred sat, satis enough sci to know serib, script towrite | sed, sid, sess tosit;to settle sent, sens to feel seq, secut to follow; sequence simil, simu, sembl like, similar sol, soli alone, lonely somo sleep son sound spec, spect, spic to see, look at, behold spond, spons to pledge, promise tac, tie silent temp time ten, tain, tent tohold, tend, tens tostretch, strive termin | boundary limit test to witness, affirm tract to pull, draw trib toallot, give te empty zen, vent tocome wr | truth vers, vert | totum west garment vestig to track in way, road vir manliness; worth vis, vid to see, look viv, vit life 0c, 2ok voice, call EXAMPLES desecrate, sacrifice sacrilege, sanctify insatiable, satisfy, satiate conscience, science, scientist inscribe, subscription, script sedate, sediment, subside, session sense, sentimental, sentinel! consequence, sequel, consecutive semblance, simulate, simile soliloquy, solo, solitary somnambulate, somnolent, somniloquy sonic, soniferous, sonnet inspect, respect, spectacle, species sponsor, sponsorship, respond tacit, taciturn temporary, temper contain, tenant, retention | tendon, tension, distend terminal, terminate, determine attest, contest, testify attract, retract, traction attribute, tribute evacuate, vacuous, vacuum advent, convene, revenue veracity, verify, veritable adverse, conversion, invert vest, vestment investigate, vestige via, viaduct virile, virility, virtue revision, video, visible vital, vivacious, vivid invocation, revoke, vocal XIV Common Roots, PREFIXES, AND SUFFIXES i a £ 6Harcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton PREFIXES PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES ab from; away from abnormal, abduct, absent, abhor ad- to; motion toward; addition to adapt, addict, adhere, admit aero air aerobic, aerobiology, aerospace amphi both; around amphibian, amphitheater an not anarchy, anesthesia, anonymous ante before antebellum, antecede, antedate anti- against; opposite; reverse antiaircraft, antifreeze, antibiotics ap to;nearness to approximate, appoint auto self automatic, autograph, autobiography bene good benediction, benefactor, benevolent bie two bifacial, bifocal, biennial circum around circumnavigate, circumference co-,con- | together coauthor, cooperate, confront, confound contra against contradict, contradistinguish, contrary de opposite of; away from; undo deactivate, deform, degrade, deplete, descend ais opposite disagree, disarm, discontinue, dishonest ex out; beyond; away from; former | excel, exclude, exhale, exile extra outside; beyond; besides extraordinary, extracurricular for not forbid, forget, forgo fore before forecast, foreword, forestall, forethought fayper- ‘more than normal; too much hyperactive, hypercritical, hypertension ik not illegal, illegible, illiterate, ilogical im into immediate, immerse, immigrate, import im- not imbalance, immature, immobilize in not; go into inaccurate, inactive, indecisive, inhabit inter among; between interaction, intercede, interchange intra within intramural, intrastate, intravenous in not irredeemable, irregular, irresponsible mal wrong; bad maladjusted, malfunction, malice mis wrong; bad; no; not misfire, misbehave, misconduct non not; opposite of noncommittal, nonconductor, nonpartisan ob against obstacle, obstinate, obstruct, object ‘Common Roots, Prerixes, AND SUFFIKES XVPREFIXES (continued) PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES per through percolate, perceive post after postglacial, postgraduate, posterior pre before preamble, prearrange, precaution pro- before; for; in support of prognosis, program, prologue, prophet, pro- forward proceed, produce, proficient, progress ree back; again recall, recede, reflect, repay retro backward retroactive, retrospect, retrocede se apart secuite, secede, secession self of the self self-taught, self-worth, self-respect, selfish semi- half; partly semicircle, semiformal, semitrailer sub under; beneath subcontract, subject, submarine, submerge super over superabound, superabundant, superhuman str over; above surcharge, surface, surmount, surpass trans across; over transatlantic, transcend, transcribe, transfer ultra extremely. ultraliberal, ultramodern, ultrasonic une not; lack of; opposite unable, uncomfortable, uncertain, unhappy Vi Common Roots, Prerixes, AND SUFFIXES (© Houghion Min Harcourt Publishing Company(© Houghton Min Harcourt Pubishing Company SUFFIXES ‘SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES abe, ible | able to be; capable of being intelligible, probable, inevitable ~ade action or process blockade, escapade, parade ~age action or process marriage, pilgrimage, voyage -al,ial | of; like; relating to; suitable for potential, musical, national mane act; process; quality; state of being | tolerance, alliance, acceptance vant ‘one who assistant, immigrant, merchant mary of; like; relating to customary, honorary, obituary ~ate characteristic of; to become officiate, consecrate, activate mele, icle | small corpusele, cubicle, particle my fact or state of being, diplomacy, privacy, relevancy dom state or quality of boredom, freedom, martyrdom ence act or state of being ‘occurrence, conference ent doing: having; showing fraudulent, dependent, negligent “er fone who; that which boxer, rancher, employer -ery place for; act, practice of surgery, robbery esque like picturesque, statuesque ~ess female goddess, heiress, princess ful full of careful, fearful, joyful, thoughtful wie relating to; characteristic of comic, historic, poetic, public ~ify to make; to cause to be modify, glorify, beautify, pacify ~ion act, condition, or result of, calculation, action, confederation -ish of or belonging to;characterized by | _tallish, amateurish, selfish ism act, practice, or result of; example barbarism, heroism, altruism ity condition; state of being, integrity, sincerity, calamity, purity ~ive of; relating to; belonging to; inquisitive, active, creative tending to ~ize make; cause to be; subject to jeopardize, standardize, computerize less without ageless, careless, thoughtless, tireless let small islet, leaflet, owlet, rivulet, starlet slike like; characteristic of childlike, waiflike -logy study or theory of, biology, ecology, geology -ly every daily, weekly, monthly, yearly Common Roots, PREFIXES, AND SUFFIXES xv~_ SUFFIXES (continued) SUFFIX oly “ty -ment ment ment ship | tude ov MEANING EXAMPLES like; characteristic of in (a specified manner; to a specified extent) action or process state or quality of product or thing state or quality of being one who having; full of; characterized by state or quality of being like; tending to be state or quality of being characterized by fatherly, queenly, deadly officially, sincerely, kindly development, government amusement, amazement, predicament fragment, instrument, ornament kindness, abruptness, happiness actor, auditor, doctor, donor riotous, courageous, advantageous censorship, ownership, governorship meddlesome, bothersome, noisome solitude, multitude, aptitude thrifty, jealousy, frequency, sticky i Common Roots, Prerixes, AND SUFFIXES i a £ 6CONTEXT The words, phrases, or sentences around an unfamiliar word often provide clues to the word's meaning. In some cases, signal words can act as clues. Restatement Clues Words or phrases such as in other words or that is can signal the restatement of a word. Exampte The veterinarian treated every animal owner in an affable manner; in other words, she was gentle and friendly with them From the context, readers can tell that affable means “gentle and friendly.” The phrase in other words signals that the words gentle and friendly restate the meaning of the word Restatement Signal Words in other words that is Example Clues Words or phrases such as such as, for example, or likewise can indicate to readers that an unfamiliar word is being restated in more familiar terms. EXAMPLE Many types of fauna, for example the javelina, the coyote, and the peregrine falcon, live in Big Bend National Park. From the context, readers can tell that fauna are the animals of a particular region. The words for example signal that the animals listed are examples of the word fwna, Example Signal Words for example such as in that likewise especially Contrast Clues Words or phrases such as but another word in the passage. contrast, oF although indicate that an unfamiliar word contrasts with Harcourt Pubishing Company ExaMPte Maria was enthralled by the new movie, but her friend found it dull and uninteresting. g From the context, readers can tell that enthralled means “fascinated.” The word but signals : that enthralled contrasts with the words dull and uninteresting. 6 — — Contrast Signal Words but not on the other hand however still some... but others | although despite contrast Kinos oF Context Cues xixCause and Effect Clues Words or phrases such as lead to, cause, and bveaus’ show how one word may be a cause oF effect related to an unfamiliar word Exampt Defir Because he wanted to marry a divoreée, Edward VIII chose to abuicate the British throne in 1936. From the context, readers can tell that abdicate means “to formally give up power.” The word becanse signals that abdicating is an effect of Edward VIII's wanting to marry a divorcée. Cause and Effect Signal Words leads to effect reasons cause asa result since because consequently why ion/Explanation Clues A sentence may actually define or explain an unfamiliar word. Exampte The title of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel Tender Is the Night contains an allusion, or reference, toa poem by John Keats From the context, readers can tell that allusion means “reference.” The appositive phrase “or reference” signals the meaning of the word. XX Kinos oF Context Clues (© Houghton Mitin Harcourt Publishing CompanyHarcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton Intropucinc Maxinc New Woros Your Own |_| How We Make New Words Our Own Use the Context Structure Sound Dictionary (CSSD) strategy to improve your vocabulary, to make new words your own. Use one or more of the strategies to determine the meanings of each word you do not know. The exercises that follow will show you how to ge about making new words your own, HOW TO DO EXERCISE 1 MZ i) In these exercises, you will read the Vocabulary Word in a sentence. You will figure out the word's meaning by looking at its context, its structure, and its sound. Then you will look up the word in a dictionary and write its meaning as if is used in the sentence, Here is an example of the Wordbusting strategy, using the word transcribe. — I —~ Context: Treesa decided Structure: trans + scribe Sound: tran « sketb to transcribe the interview One meaning of the prefix The word transcribe sounds after listening to it on audio: trans is “over.” Soribis a like the word transcript, ‘tape. Transcribe might mean root that means “to write.” which is a printed copy of "to write down.” Transcribe might: mean “to someone's grades. It may be write over.” something written down. ‘to write or type out a copy of. as from a speech or notes” Hint #1 Context: Look for clues to the meaning of the word in the sentence. For example, after signals. cause and effect and helps reveal the meaning of transcribe. Hint #2. Structure: Examine the word parts for roots, prefixes, and suffixes that you know. Consult the word-part tables on pages ix-xviii for meanings of parts you do not know. Hint #3. Soun: ‘ay the word aloud and listen for any word parts you know. Hint #4. Dictionary: If you cannot determine a word’s meaning from applying context, structure, and sound strategies, look up the unfamiliar word in a dictionary. Read all the definitions, and choose one that best fits the given sentence. Maxine New Worps Your Own 1Tae Contest Clucs gy Again, you will see the new word used in a sentence. This time, however, you're actually given a set of definitions, and you must match the new word with ils meaning, Here’s an example of a context-clue exercise COLUMN A COLUMN B ecole (G) Aldo Leopold (1866-1948) learned to think like a G wore: ecology mountain so that he could understand and pre- 1. the relationship between living things serve the ecology of nature. Nature's rights, he and their environments; the science of such felt, must be respected relationships Hint #1 Read Column B first, and look for clues to the meaning of the word. You might imagine that thinking like a mountain would give you strong opinions about how nature should be treated For example, as part of the earth, you would make sure that the rights of the earth were respected. Hint #2 You should scan Column A for a likely definition of the word. In this case, the idea of relation- ships suggests that the sample definition is the correct one. Hint #3. As you write the word in the blank, say it to yourself to get a sense of the sound of the word. PSE Sevtonce Cc In the final part of Making New Words Your Own, you are asked to supply the missing Vocabulary Word or words in order to create a sentence that makes sense. Here is an example of a sentence-completion exercise: The science of our natural resources. (A) zoology... diminish (B) ecology ... preserve (C) cultivation... destroy (D) zoology... ignore (B) ecology ...exhaust allows us to Hint #1 Think about the logic of the sentence. You are looking for a type of science that deals with natural resources, You can assume that the ultimate aim of any science is some kind of improvement, Hint #2_ Substitute the words in choices (A) through (E) in the sentence to see which pair of words com- pletes the logic of the sentence. * The pairs containing the word zoology can probably be ruled out, since zoology deals with animals in particular, not all natural resources. + Cultivation has something to do with natural resources, but itis unlikely that the aim of any science is to destroy. + Similarly, you can rule out answer E because the aim of ecology is not to exhaust but to pre- serve our natural resources. This conclusion leads to the correct answer, B. AAs you complete these three lypes of exercises, you will develop the ability to make an educated guess about the meaning of a word by thinking about its context. 2 Maxine New Woros Your Own i a £ 6Harcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton Name Date __ Class Lesson 1 ] CONTEXT: Expression The First Artists Long before Picasso, before Michelangelo, even before ancient Egyptian stone carvers, there were artists. We do not know their names, but we know some of their works and the time period in which these works were created. The first artists lived in the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age, which began in Africa around 2,000,000 n.c. Prehistoric art includes paintings on the walls of caves, sculpture, pottery, baskets, and textiles. In the following exercises, you will have the opportunity to expand your vocabulary prehistoric art, Below are ten Vocabulary Words that will be used in these exercises y reading about acquittal condescend elite fortitude mentor assert contemptuous evolve inarticulate notoriety BEET Wordbusting Zs Directions. Follow these instructions for this word and the nine words on the next page * Then, look up the word ina dictionary, read all of its meanings, and write the meaning of the word 1 acquittal >) =m | The museum accused the art dealer of stealing a prehistoric sculpture of a woman’s head. At the tral the jury found the dealer not guilty, and the judge announced an acquittal. Context: Structure: Sound: Dictionary: Maxinc New Woros Your Own 3.Name = Date Glass 2. assert >) sep] The museum did not have any evidence that the art dealer took the sculp- ture, which was carved in France around 22,000 s.c. The art dealer asserted his right toa trial, and the museum could not deny his claim. 3. condescend >) sam{ The art dealer said that he was an honorable man who would not conde- scend to any form of dishonesty. Theit, he explained, was far beneath him. 4. contemptuous) smp{ During the trial, museum officials were openly contemptuous ofthe art dealer’s qualifications. The defense, however, produced witnesses who proved that the museum officials were quite wrong to show scorn for the dealer's expert knowledge. 5. said. “Only a few select people know as much as this dealer knows about Paleolithic art and tools.” 6 Cove == }| The art dealer told how his interest in Paleolithic art had evolved over the last fifty years and also how his interest in the pottery ofthe Neolithic or New Stone Age (c. 8000-2000 nc.) had gradually developed. 7 ) The newspaper article praised the art dealer's courage and moral strength during the trial. The article said he showed much fortitude in facing the charges from the museum 8. Gari ==>) Atone point in the tral, however, the art dealer became inarticulate. He 1was 9 filled with emotion that he was unable to speak clearly 9 mentor >) =| The art dealer was emotional when telling about his mentor, whom he had accompanied on an archaeological dig in Turkey. "He was indeed a wise and trusted advisor,” the dealer said, “and taught me many things.” 10. notoriety >) =ap{ Although the art dealer achieved an unwanted notoriety asa result of the 4 Lesson 1 trial, the museum’s reputation suffered even more when it was discovered that the missing sculpture had been misplaced by an employee. (© Houghion Min Harcourt Publishing Company(© Houghton Min Harcourt Pubishing Company Name Content Clues ‘an the definitions in Column A. Then, think about how the boldface words are used Directions. in the sentences in Column B. To complete the exercise, match each definition Date Class _ Column A with the correct Vocabulary Word from Column B. Write the letter of your choice on the line provided; then write the Vocabulary Word on the line preceding the definition. COLUMN A 41, word; —____ 1. patient courage in facing pain or danger; moral strength; endurance 12. word: ».to stoop to do something you think is unworthy of you 13. word: = v. to develop gradually by process of growth and change 14. word 1. fame, usually in an unfavorable sense 15. word: v, to express or state positively; to defend cr claim (one’s rights, for example) 16. word: n. asetting free by judgment of a court; a release from a duty, obligation, ete 17. word: adj. of or suitable fora select group: 1. a group or part ofa group regarded as the best, most skilled, most powerful, etc. 18. word: n, a wise and trusted teacher; a counselor 19. word: adj. unable to speak understandably oF effectively or to use words; unable to say ‘what one thinks 20. word: ‘adj. showing or feeling scorn COLUMN B (A) One speaker asserted that the best Paleolithic cave paintings are at Lascaurx, France; another firmly declared that the best are at Altamira, Spain, (B) Laccept the opinion of my mentor, who prefers the drawings of bison at Altamira. As an advisor, she has wise opinions and can be trusted. {C) Iwas glad that the main speaker was not inarticu- late and could clearly discuss why prehistoric arlists painted images of animals on cave walls. (D) He explained that the skills of prehistoric artists evolved, just as their concepts of pictures as sym- bols gradually developed, (E) “Perhaps,” he said, “the artist thought that paint- ing a hunted animal's image would give the hunters the fortitude that they would need to courageously endure the hunt.” (F) Someone in the audience was contemptuous of the talents of prehistoric artists. Her disdain was directed at the cave paintings. (G) The speaker felt that it was beneath him to respond to such criticisms. Nevertheless, he condescended to explain the primitive societies in which prehistoric artists lived and worked. 4) “Were the people who did the cave paintings a small, elite group, or could just anybody paint in the caves?” I asked. (1) The speaker said that to be an artist in a prehis- toric society may have been an honor and that anyone with a bad reputation—any kind of noloriety—may not have been allowed to paint. (J). The members of the audience listened intently to the speaker's arguments. In the end, they agreed with him and refrained from asking any more questions. You might say they gave him an acquittal from any further discussion Maxine New Worns Your Own 5Name Date Class BEEEEER Sentence Completion fy Directions. For each of the following items, circle the letter of the choice that best completes the meaning of the sentence or sentences. 21. 22, 23. 24. 25. Don’t be of prehistoric art; its beauty is worthy of respect, not scorn. (A) elite (B) inarticulate (©) assertive (D) fortitudinow: (E) contemptuous ‘Techniques for firing pottery or developed gradually, in Near East farm- ing villages during the Neolithic Age. (A) asserted (B) articulated (C) acquitted (D) evolved (E) condescended One author that pottery is an impor- tant, visible record of a society's artistic skills. Other archaeologists have ex- pressed that opinion, too. (A) evolves (8) condescends, (C) asserts (D) represses (E) succumbs Only the of the Friends of the Art Museum collect Neolithic pottery because only the most wealthy and influential people can afford it. (A) acquittal (B) elite (©) mentor (D) notoriety (E) fortitude Neolithic pottery figurines are especially valuable, according to my son’s art profes- sor, who is his trustworthy advisor, or , at college. (A) mentor (B) notoriety {C) assertion (D) acquittal (E) elite Lesson 1 26. 27. 28. a 30. Perhaps only the —__ of Neolithic metal- workers could afford to use gold and silver. At times, however, they may have to use tin or other metals that they may have considered beneath them. (A) mentor... evolved (B) acquittal... asserted (C) elite... condescended (D) mentor... acquitted (E) notoriety .. evolved ‘The speaker was so nervous that he was almost but he finally was able to defend his —— about the origins of Stonehenge. (A) contemptuous... . acquittal (B) fortitudinous . .. notoriety (C) repressive... fortitude (D) contemptuous... elite (E) inarticulate ... assertion Maura’s at art school advised her not to make copies of Neolithic pottery. Copiers gain a bad reputation, or (A) fortitude. elite {B) notoriety ... mentor (©) elite... acquittal (D) mentor . . notoriety (E) acquittal ... fortitude No one should be or disdainful, of early prehistoric Chinese art: tis very sophisticated. (A) contemptuous (8) inarticulate (C) elite (D) whimsical (©) prophetic ‘The courageous woman wrongly accused of smuggling precious artifacts exhibited during the trial. She was found inno- cent, and the trial ended with (A) mentor... a notoriety (B) fortitude. . an acquittal (©) elite... an assertion (D) acquittal ... an evolution (E) notoriety ...an acquittal (© Houghton Mitin Harcourt Publishing CompanyHarcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton Name __ Date Class Maxine New Worps Your Own | Lesson 2 | CONTEXT: Expression The Stagecoach Never Stops: Westerns Just like the stagecoaches that rumble through them, westerns keep delivering. Like their cowboy heroes, westerns are dependable and plentiful. Stories about the western United States—those in novels, in movies, or on television shows—always have an audience. With clearly defined “good guys” and “bad guys” and simple conflicts over cattle, land, or love, westerns seem to express basic U.S. cultural concerns and interests. In the following exercises, you will have the opportunity to expand your vocabulary by reading about westerns and their popularity. Below are ten Vocabulary Words that will be used in these exercises. analogy electorate excerpt paternal posthumous antiquity ethical heresy pauper prophetic WESEEE Wordbusiing Ly Directions. Follow these instructions for this word and the nine words on the next page. onc ofthe three CSS boxes, Alternate which bowes you complete + Then Took up the word ina dieionery read ll of ie meanings, nd wile the meaning ofthe word * Follow this same process for each of the Vocabulary Words on the next page. You will need to draw your own map for each word. Use a separate sheet of paper. 1 analogy >) =p “Hey, Mom, let's talk about westerns. just thought of an analogy that will interest yous Those westerns that you've been watching and reading all these years are like modern folktales.” Context Structure: Sound: Dictionary: Making New Woros Your Own 7Name = Class - 2 antiquity “" don't like the sound of ‘all these years,’ Jake. You make me sound ancient, like someone of great antiquity. 'm not older than the American West, you know.” ee, 3 electorate “Mom, you're part ofthe electorate, those who have the right to vote, If you had to vote for a western movie star for president, which one would you vote for?” 4. ethical “Well, John Wayne, of course—if he were alive—because the cowboy he- roes he played always knew right from wrong. They were ethical. Do you remember him as Rooster Cogburn in True Grif?” 5. excerpt =>) “Yeah, and [remember how you used to read to me your favorite excerpts 6. >) “Ail know is that John Wayne was the best western actor. I anyone were tostate otherwise, it would be pute heresy as far as I'm concerned. You from that book. Ibet you can quote them by heart even now.” don’t have a different opinion, do you?” 7. paternal >) emmp| “Well, Mom, John Wayne isa paternal figure because he’s strong and capable, as the traditional father is supposed to be. But I prefer a tougher hero, a loner, like some of the characters Clint Eastwood portrays.” 8. pauper >) sm! “There's room for all kinds of different heroes in westerns, you know, Jake Some are paupers, and some are wealthy; some are shy, andl some are out- going: some are wanderers, and some are settlers.” 9. posthumous») =m] “Mom, since you're such a John Wayne fan, [ know you can answer this question: Did John Wayne receive a posthumous Academy Award®, or did he receive the award while he was alive?” 10. prophetic) emp] “He accepted an Academy Award® in 1969, ten years before his death 8 Lesson 2 ‘Months before the awards | predicted he would win, which shows how good my prophetic abilities are.” (© Houghton Mitin Harcourt Publishing CompanyHarcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton Name BESET Context Clues Ly Directions. Scan the definitions in Column A. Then, think abo how the boldface words are used in the sentences in Column B. To complete the exercise, match each definition in Column A with the correct Vocabulary Word from Column B. Write the letter of your choice on the line provided; then write the Vocabulary Word on the line preceding the definition. COLUMN A 11, word: n.a person who is very poor, ¢ dependent upon public charity pecially one 12. word; na selected passage or scene from a literary work or piece of music; an extract 2. to take out or Select passages; to quote 13. word: n.a likeness between different things; a similarity; comparison _ 14. word: adj. pertaining to right and wrong; conforming to certain rules or standards; moral 15. word: adj. relating to someone or something that foretells events 16. word: n.abelief different Irom accepted doctrine 17. word: adj. inherited from or re father; fatherly lated through one’s 18. word: n-ancient times; a thing or people of ancient times; the quality of being ancient 19. word: ‘adj. coming after death 20. word: —__ n.all persons having the right to vote COLUMN B (A) “Mom, I guess your interest in westerns is a result of paternal influence since you learned so much about them from Grandfather.” (B) “Well, Jake, westerns can teach you a great deal about morals. The cowboy heroes and lawmen usually take ethical stands and do a lot of good." (C) “Iknow. Read an excerpt from just about any western novel, such as Shite, and you get an idea that good triumphs over evil in westerns.” (D) “Westerns relive the frontier days of the 1800s, Don't look to westerns for predictions of the future because they aren't prophetic.” (E) “Westerns are sort of American epics, like Homer's Iliad and Odyssey were to the Greeks. It’s an interesting analogy, don’t you think?” (F) “Well Jake, I've never thought of comparing westerns to stories of antiquity, bat I'm sure people of ancient times had similar stories.” (G) “And westerns have a broad appeal, like a popu- lar presidential candidate has to the general electorate.” (H) “Westerns depict every kind of character: paupers who come to town for charity, wealthy ranchers, and mysterious loners.” (). “Mom, do you recall a western movie about a clergyman who didn’t believe the teachings of his church and so was tried for heresy?” ()) “No, but I don’t think I could live long enough to see all the western movies that have been made. After I’m gone, there'll have to be some posthu- mous showings!” Maxi New Woros Your Own 9Name BEE Sentence Completion Ay Directions. For each of the following items, circle the letter of the choice that best completes the ‘meaning of the sentence or sentences. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 10 “Tremember how good it felt when my father watched western movies with me. I really appreciate his __ interest now. I wish I could tell him.” (A) prophetic (B) posthumous (©) ethical (D) paternal (&) analogous “Mom, you can’t have talks with your Dad; he’s been dead for ten years.” (A) ethical (B) prophetic (©) posthumous (D) paternal (E) heretical “Jake, I may seem like a survivor from to you, but I prefer the old westerns, which probably seem ancient to someone your age.” (A) analogy (B) excerpt (C) electorate (D) heresy (E) antiquity “Well, know you think it’s —_, but I guess I do go against your belief that old ‘westerns are superior to newer ones.” (A) antiquity (B) analogy (©) pauper (D) heresy (E) excerpt “I guess I'm after all, Jake. I pre- dicted a long time ago that you would eventually like westerns.” (A) ethical (B) paternal (C) posthumous (D) pompous (E) prophetic Lesson 2 Date 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Class “Mom, just because you sometimes feel as old as someone from doesn’t mean that you are and can predict the future.” (A) electorate . .. posthumous (B) pauper ... prophetic (© antiquity .. prophetic (D) analogy .. ethical (E) heresy... paternal “Now, don’t get upset like a member of the __ throwing a candidate out at elec- tion time. Say, that’s a good (A) heresy... antiquity (B) antiquity ... pauper (©) electorate... analogy (D) pauper... electorate (&) electorate... heresy “Mom, if Lever write an autobiography, a number of ___ from it will be about you. Idon’t want to tell you that I love you __;I want to tell you while you're still alive.” (A) excerpts... posthumously {B) analogies... paternally (C) heretics... ethically (D) electorates ... heretically (©) paupers.... paternally “You know, Jake, many of my moral val- ues came from — ideas in westerns. These values helped me to rise from a poor background—we were practically to become a successful judge. (A) paternal .. electorates (B) cthical ... analogies (©) posthumous... antiquities (D) ethical... paupers (E) prophetic... excerpts “Well, I guess I’m guilty of because Idon‘t hold your belief about the ethical value of westerns. But I can recite a few and quotes from famous westerns.” (A) antiquity electorates (B) heresy. .excerpts (C) electorate .. heresies (D) analogy ... excerpts, (E) excerpt... heresies (© Houghton Mitin Harcourt Publishing CompanyName Date __ Class _ Lesson 3 J CONTEXT: Expression Gabriel Garcia Marquez: “A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings” Gabriel Gareia Marquez was born in a small village near the Caribbean seacoast of Colombia in 1928, Although they were very poor, his family managed to provide him with an education that later enabled him to enter Bogota Universily. His short stories and novels depict the myths, personalities, and conditions of the people with whom he grew up. Garcia Marquez received the Nobel Prize in literature in 19 In the following exercises, you will have the opportunity to expand your vocabulary by reading about Gabriel Garefa Marquez and his short story “A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings.” Below are ten Vocabulary Words that will be used in these exercises, amiable grimace malleable succumb visage bayou indomitable melodramatic vibrant whimsical MESSER Wordbusting #o Directions. Follow these instructions for this word and the nine words on the next page + Figure out the word's meaning by looking at its context, its structure, and its sound. Fill in at least one of the three CSS boxes, Alternate which boxes you complete + Then, look up the word in a dictionary, read all ofits meanings, and write the meaning of the word as it is used in the sentence + Follow this same process for each of the Vocabulary Words on the next page. You will need to draw your own map for each word. Use a separate sheet of paper. 1. amiable >) =p | “A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings” is the story of Pelayo and : Elisenda, who are agreeable, o amiable, people worried about their sick & baby f et a [context Structure Sound: é £ ° Dictionary: Maxine New Woros Your Own 11Date Class Pelayo and Elisenda live in an area that is as marshy as a bayou. Days of rainfall have caused crabs to crawl into their house, and Pelayo goes out at noon to throw the crabs they have killed into the sea. grimace >) —mp| On his way back to the house, Pelayo’s face twists into a grimace of an- noyance at finding an ole man with enormous wings lying in the mud, Pelayo and Elisenda cannot understand the man’s strange language. 5. Pelayo and Elisenda move him into the chicken coop. The old man, who hasan indomitable spiril, is unconquered by curious, often cruel, on- Tookers who taunt him and throw things at him. malleable) —=p| Pelayo and Elisenda at first do not take advantage of the old man, but they prove to be malleable personalities. The constant flow of onlookers pres- stires them into fencing their property and charging a fee to view the old man, whom some people think is an angel. esti) The old man suffers mostly in silence, except when someone prods him with, a burning hot branding, iron. Garcia Marquez. avoids being melodramatic in depicting the winged man’s situation. The old man cries out in pain in the scene but is not presented in a way that is overly dramatic or emotional, succumb >) =) Pelayo and Elisenda make a large amount of money before the towns- people succumb to a new templation. They yield to the desire to see a new Curiosity in town, a woman who looks like a large tarantula vibrant >) | Te iar oft Wortds broadcast was aereation of Orson Welles acl others sho wereaffiated ith the Mercury Theater on the Ait Member of tis troupe presented unusual dramatic productions. Context: Structure: Sound: ionary: Mains New Woros Your Own 19Date Class __ encumber >) =| Welles, however, was not delighted with the project, because he was already rehearsing for a play. Why did Welles encumber himself with two projects at once? An extremely talented actor and director, Welles appar- cently liked to keep busy, even if he became too busy En exalted) —| Welles chose writer Howard Koch to adapt The War of the Werlds, but the overworked Koch did not feel exalted about the project. He took on the task without being completely thrilled by it 4, invariably ) —>) Wherever he was, Koch invariably thought about the project. He was thinking about it continually as he took time off to visit his family. 5. plausible >) —=p| Koch was thinking that he wanted the broadcast to sound plausible, He decided, therefore, that the story needed a real setting, & — pompous Koch chose the town of Grovers Mill, New Jersey, as the site of the Martian invasion, The decision was not made in some boardroom filled with pompous, or self-important, executives; Koch chose the place where his pencil landed on a New Jersey map, 7. Ce He liked the sound of the name Grovers Mill. It reminded him of Grover's Corners in the play Our Town by Thornton Wilder (1897-1975). Perhaps Koch thought of Grovers Mill as a typical rural town where the sight of portly farmers and their equally stout families meant that plenty of food was available. 8. Corsini Another attraction of Gravers Mill was its proximity to Princeton Univer- sity, which had an observatory. In Koch’s script, the astronomer, Professor Pierson, could come to Grovers Mill from the nearby university. 9. Connie Days before the broadcast, Koch was still working out the format of having an announcer break into a music program with the story. Completing the seript may have temporarily rejuvenated Koch, making him feel like a kid again. 10. Genprecetented = 20° Lesson 5 sit turned out, Koch's script sounded so real that it created an unprecedented radio event. Never before had a fictional radio program been mistaken for a real news report and so terrified ils listeners, (© Houghton Mitin Harcourt Publishing CompanyHarcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton Name _ Date Class Directions. Scan the definitions in Column A. Then, think about how the boldface words are used in the sentences in Column B. To complete the exercise, match each definition in Column A with the correct Vocabulary Word from Column B. Write the letter of your choice on the line provided; then write the Vocabulary Word on the line preceding the definition. COLUMN A 11. word adv. continually always perpetually; constantly; 12. word! nm. nearness; closeness; a neighboring area 13. words 1.an associated person or organization; a member; v.to join or unite with a larger body 14, word: ». to make young or vigorous again; to give youthful qualities to 15. word: adj. comfortably fat or stout; large and heavy ina stately and dignified way —— 16. word: __ v. to hinder; to obstruct; to burden 17. word: —_____ adj. never done or known before; without previous example 18, word: adj. overjoyed with excitement; raised in status or rank; elevated in style or tone 19. word: adj. overly dignified; self-important; characterized by exaggerated stateliness, asin speech or manner 20. word: adj. appearing to be true; reasonable; seeming to be logical or correct COLUMN B (A) In 1938, people invariably turned to radio for affordable home entertainment. Today, many of usare continually turning to the Internet and to qT (B) Regular radio listeners then were much like regu- lar TV viewers now, exalted when their favorite programs came on and sad when they ended. (C) Many listeners liked Orson Welles and the Mer cury Theater, which was carried by radio stations that were nationwide affiliates, or associates, of the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS). (D) People may have thought they knew what to expect from Welles, but the show on Sunday night, October 30, 1938, was unprecedented. (E) Welles had a dynamic, deep, clear voice during his young, lean years. it changed little as he be- came older and portly. (F) The radio announcer was not pompous, but was natural and appropriately professional. (G) To thousands of believing listeners, the announcer's descriptions of the invading Martians sounded perfectly plausible. (H) Koch’s script was not encumbered, or weighed down, with a lot of literary description. Instead, it read like an eyewitness news story. (D_ People in the proximity of Grovers Mill must have been especially terrified to have the “invasion” right in their neighborhood. 0) The broadcast frightened listeners who did not know that it was fictional, probably causing some of them to age in years with worry and terror. However, it probably rejuvenated those listeners who knew it was a hoax, making them feel like de- lighted children. Making New Woros Your Own 21Name Date __ ___ Class BESIEEER Sentence Completion #1 Directions. For each of the following items, circle the letter of the choice that best completes the meaning of the sentence or sentences. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 22 My grandfather, who was a young boy at the time The War of the Worlds was broad- cast, always became —__. when talking about it. He was like an excited child. (A) rejuvenated (B) unprecedented (©) plausible (D) affiliated (E) portly Grandpa thought the program was very unusual and thrilling, a(n) example of programming. He considered it far and above anything else that he had heard on the radio. (A) plausible (B) affiliate (©) pompous (D) encumbered (E) exalted He sometimes became ___, using overly formal, overstated speech to tell about this important childhood event (A) unprecedented (8) pompous (©) portly (D) plausible (E) encumbered ‘Some people back then certainly weren't with an abundance of common sense,” Grandpa said. “Welles said at the end that the whole thing was fiction.” (A) affiliated (B) plausible (©) rejuvenated (D) exalted (E) encumbered Grandpa was a(n) man whose large stomach shook when he laughed about people's reaction to the broadcast. (A) invariable (B) plausible (© encumbered (©) portly (B) affiliated Lesson 5 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. “To get out of ___ to the Martians, people rushed to train and bus stations. They didn’t __ themselves with bur- densome luggage.” (A) affiliate... encumber (B) rejuvenation ... affiliate (©) proximity .. .encumber (D) affiliate ..- rejuvenate (E) notoriety... . rejuvenate “Some people ___ believe the worst, and therefore they are always scared, How- ever, public reaction to the Welles broad- cast was something new and __.” (A) plausibly ... pompous (B) ecstatically ... invariable (©) pompously ... plausible (D) invariably . .. unprecedented (E) plausibly... exalted “The script was very invasion seem real. (A) unprecendented (B) plausible (©) portly (D) exalted (E) encumbered ; itt made the “However, officials of CBS and its sta- tions, including our local __., were up- set. They even claimed that Welles had an opinion of his own worth. He felt so self-important that he thought he could get away with a major hoax.” (A) affiliate .. exalted (B) proximity... unprecedented (©) pompousness . .. plausible (D) rejuvenation .. . exalted (E)_ plausibility... exalted “The event was —__; nothing like it had ever happened before. Radio broadcasters. probably stuck to obvious fiction, nothing too, for some time after that!” plausible ... portly (B) exalted ... pompous unprecedented . .. plausible pompous ... exalted {E) invariable... unprecedented i a £ 6Name _ Date__ Class gi Maxine New Worps Your Own CONTEXT: Expression William Faulkner: Voice from the South A while ago a friend said that her favorite book is William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying because it’s darkly humorous. She said Faulkner lived from 1897 to 1962 and mostly wrote about the southern United States, where he lived. It sounded intriguing to me because I’ve always had a taste for weird humor. Assuming that Faulkner wrote only humorous books, I dropped by the library and checked out his novel Wild Palms. It wasn’t funny; furthermore, it was confusing and hard to read. It’s two completely different stories that are told in alternating chapters. The book is extremely strange, but it interested me, and I read it again. Then I read about Faulkner. In the following exercises, you will have the opportunity to expand your vocabulary by reading about William Faulkner and his writing. Below are ten Vocabulary Words that will be used in these exercises, atrocious composure discern. lament painstaking compassion deteriorate insipid loathe repress Directions. Follow these instructions for this word and the nine words on the next page * Figure out the word’s meaning by looking at its context, its structure, and ils sound. Fill in at least one of the three CSS boxes. Alternate which boxes you complete + Then, look up the word in a dictionary, read all of its meanings, and write the meaning of the word as it is used in the sentence + Follow this same process for each of the Vocabulary Words on the next page. You will need to draw your own map for each word. Use a separate sheet of paper. 1. > | Fautiner is considered one of the finest writes inthe United States. His formal education, however, was limited as a result of his atrocious atten- : dance record at school: He almost never went to class, and he dropped out § after the tenth grade. : a ae 5 [ coment Structure: Sound: £ 6 Dictionary: Maxinc New Woros Your Own 23.Name _ Date __ __ Class _ 2 ‘compassion >), =| A friend, Phil Stone, took compassion on Faulkner and let him use the Stones’ family library. Faulkner loved to read, and Stone's sympathetic, help made it possible for Faulkner to educate himselt. 3. composure»). | Faulkner had the maturity and composure to work at many different jobs ~ in his early years. However, he was at his calmest and most self-possessed later in his life when he was writing at his home in Oxford, Mississippi. 4. deteriorate) —mp| of Faulkner's stories and novels are about human relationships that rate. The Sound and the Fury, for instance, is about the worsening, relationships in a Southern aristocratic family. 5. Cen Although a southerner himself, Faulkner had the ability to discern the pe- culiarities of traditional, aristocratic southern families and analyze their in- ability to adapt to modern life. He recognized their living. in the past as the cause of their deterioration. > Faulkner's writing is lively and spirited. 1 don’t think it could ever be con- sidered insipid, because he wrote about people who were far from dull and lifeless. His characters lead funny, tragic, happy, sad, and violent lives. Cm Faulkner spoke against federal interference in the racial policies of the South, but his writings are often a lament for the mistreatment of African Ameri- ‘cans in the South, His sorrow and regret over their situation is clearly demon- strated in his stories. Cine a 9. If you loathe having to figure out what you are reading, Faulkner is not for you. However, if you like a challenge as much as I do, give his novels or short stories a try, Gi staking 10. 4 Faulkner was painstaking in reconstructing historical times and places in his writing. I think his very careful attention to detail makes his stories believable. repress 24 Lesson 6 — Because the library’s copy of As Lay Dying was missing, [had to repress my eagerness to read the novel until my friend lent it to me. I'm glad I was patient; the novel was worth wailing for. (© Houghion Min Harcourt Publishing CompanyHarcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton Name BEEN Content Claes As Date Class Directions. Scan the definitions in Column A. Then, think about how the boldface words are used in the sentences in Column B. To complete the exercise, match each definition in Column A with the correct Vocabulary Word from Column B. Write the letter of your choice on the line provided; then write the Vocabulary Word on the line preceding the definition COLUMN A. fl sgerord eeeeeereennece adj. flavorless; dull or unexciting; lifeless 12. word! adj. very careful; diligent; requiring great care; meticulous 1 3 word Seemann v. to become worse or less valuable; to diminish 14, word: v. to feel deep sorrow; to express sorrow or mourning for; to grieve; n. an expression of grief; a song or poem expressing grief —— 15. word: — - 1. pity for someone else's suffering, along with a desire to help 16, word;____ 2. to detect with one ofthe senses, to notice; to recognize as different or to identify as separate; to come to know mentally, to judge 17. word! v. to restrain; to keep or put down 18. word: v. to feel intense dislike or hatred; to detest 19. word: 1, self-possession; tranquility 20. word: adj. exceedingly bad; wicked or cruel; abominable COLUMN B (A) My composure was shaken when I realized | had forgotten to write a required report on Plato. 1 dropped my Faulkner reading, wrote the Plato paper, and was soon my usual calm self again. (B) Vnever lament my mistake in thinking Faulkner was a humorous writer. How could I regret dis- covering my favorite author? (©) Lwonder whether Faulkner needed money s0 badly that he had to hold back, or repress, his, desire to write novels, writing screenplays for Hollywood instead (D) Faulkner was not as painstaking with screenplays as he was with his other writing. He didn’t think scripts for films required as much thoughtfulness and attention to detail (E) Absalom, Absalom! and other Faulkner novels are filled with the flavor of the South. They make other books I have read seem as insipid as weak tea in comparison. (F) Some of Faulkner's books describe atrocious hap- penings such as lynchings, murders, and assaulls. These horrible events are important parts of the stories. (G) Faulkner had reason to loathe the way African Americans were treated in the South, and his dis- gust is evident in his writing, (H) Faulkner used his writing to help the reader dis- cern and understand, rather than overlook, what he called “eternal verities.” He did this by con- trasting the faults of society with values such as pride, compassion, love, and honor. () Faulkner wrote of Southern customs and manners that were beginning to deteriorate, and he gave reasons for the decline. () One of my favorite aspects of Faulkner's writing is the compassion he shows forall sorts of people. 1 feel that his deep sympathy is sincere Maxine New Woros Your Own 25Name Date Class BEES Sentence Completion fs Directions. For each of the following items, circle the letter of the choice that best completes the meaning of the sentence or sentences. 21, Although Faulkner school when he was young, he did like to read. He there- fore educated himself. (A) deteriorated (B) loathed (©) discerned (D) lamented (E) repressed 22. Faulkner used a technique of creating characters that had different reactions to the same people or situation. He consid- ered that this helped readers to how difficult it could be to understand and to arrive at valid judgments. (A) lament (B) repress (C) loathe (D) discern (E) deteriorate 23, Faulkner stayed calm, showing great when he gave his acceptance speech for the Nobel Prize in literature in 1950. (A) lamentation (B) compassion (©) composure (D) deterioration (&) loathing 24. If [become a writer, Ill try to be extremely careful with details so that my writing will be as as Faulkner's. (A) insipid (B) compassionate (©) atrocious (D) repressive (&) painstaking 25. 1 like exciting stories that are filled with life, not spiritless, ones. (A) insipid (B) painstaking (C) compassionate (D) lamenting (©) repressing 26 Lesson 6 26. In As I Lay Dying, a sorrowful family — 27. 28. 29. 30. the death of a family member, but spends its time doing —_, unimportant things. (A) loathes ... deteriorated (B) discerns... repressive (C) represses .. . painstaking (D) laments... insipid (E) deteriorates . .. compassionate Faulkner, mourning the condition of Afri- can Americans in the South, —— their plight and wrote about the they had to endure at the hands of controlling whites (A) discerned . . . compassion (B) repressed . .. deterioration (©) lamented ... repression (D) loathed . .. composure (E) deteriorated .. .atrociousness Sartoris is a, sympathetic look at the steady __ of the life of a war veteran, whose mental condition slowly worsens. (A) loathsome... compassion (B) compassionate .. . deterioration (©) painstaking . .. insipidity {D) repressive... composure (E) lamentable... compassion Faulkner was not satisfied with Sanctuary. He did not want to diminish his literary status and allow his reputation to, so he revised the novel to meet his exacting, standards. (A) deteriorate ... painstaking (B) repress... atrocious (C) discern ... insipid (D) lament... compassionate (E) loathe... lamentable Faulkner took a stand against the hateful, acts committed against some South- erners by showing deep sympathy and for the victims. (A) compassionate ... composure (B) loathsome . . . repression (C) repressive... composure deterioration compassion (D) painstaking (©) atrocious (© Houghton Mitin Harcourt Publishing CompanyHarcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton Name _ Date ____ Class a Maxine New Worps Your Own Lesson7 ] CONTEXT: Expression The Romance of Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning ‘There really is poetry in the romance of Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning, Both Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861) and her husband Robert Browning, (1812-1889) are ranked among England’s greatest poets. They are equally famous for their romance, including their elopement; for Elizabeth’s, love poems to Robert, published as Sonnets from He Portuguese; and for their sixteen years of marital happiness, In the following exercises, you will have the opportunity to expand your vocabulary by reading selected thoughts about the romance of Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning from various students. Below are ten Vocabulary Words that will be used in these exercises. aesthetic cliché emphatically paradox recipient charisma conceive martial prolific wan BEGEEE Wordbusiing A Directions. Follow these instructions for this word and the nine words on the next page. + Figure out the word's meaning by looking at its context, its structure, and its sound. Fill in at least one of the three CSS boxes. Alternate which boxes you complete. * Then, look up the word in a dictionary, read all of its meanings, and write the meaning of the word as itis used in the sentence + Follow this same process for each of the Vocabulary Words on the next page. You will need to draw your own map for each word. Use a separate sheet of paper. 1 > | What find most appeating about the Browningsis ther aesthetie aware ness They both must have been extremely sensitive To beauty in nature and in the arts. — LO —~ Context: Structure: ‘Sound: Dictionary: Maxinc New Woros Your Own 27Namo Date _ Class - charisma) —=p| Robert first fell in love with Elizabeth through her poetry. In her poems she showed a charisma, a special charm, that captured Robert’s—as well as the general public’s—imagination and devotion. It may be a cliché to say that with the Brownings it was “love at first sight,” but I think that the expression, though overused, is appropriate. conceive >) mp can’t conceive how Robert Browning had the nerve to write to Elizabeth Barrett after reading her books of poetry and to say, “I do... ove these books with all my heart—and I love you, too.” That isjust beyond my grasp! Se 6. V'm glad that Elizabeth and Robert married, even though her father had de- clared emphatically that none of his twelve children should marry. He had no right to forcefully impose such a rule on his children C mata _ 1 > Well, I was disappointed in Sonnets from the Portuguese because I don’t care for all this romance stuff. [ thought the poems were about a Portuguese warrior, but they are far from martial poems! “The more things change, the more they stay the same” is a paradox that comes to mind alter reading about the Brownings’ romance. That seem- ingly contradictory statement suggests that while the world has changed much since the 1800s, love has not 8. prolific >) emp] The Brownings had a happy marriage, but they were not prolific patents. They had only one child, Robert Wiedeman Barrett-Browning, who was known as Pennini or Pen 9. recipicnt >) mp! SSS Alter the Brownings had been married three years, Elizabeth gave Robert the manuscript of the sonnets she had written about him, He must have been a proud recipient of those sonnets. C=Do Elizabeth Browning was a semi-invalid and spent a lot of time indoors, where she read and wrote. Asa result of not being outdoors much, imag ine that she probably often looked sickly pale, or wan. 28 Lesson 7 (© Houghion Min Harcourt Publishing CompanyName _ Class BEEN Contec Chaos As Directions. Scan the definitions in Column A. Then, think about how the boldface words are used in the sentences in Column B. To complete the exercise, match each definition in Column A with the correct Vocabulary Word from Column B. Write the letter of your choice on the line provided; then Harcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton write the Vocabulary Word on the line preceding the definition. COLUMN A 11, word: adj. military; suggesting war; warlike 12. word! man overused idea or expression; a trite saying 13. word: adj. producing a great teal of something: producing many young or much fruit 14, word: — _ adj. sickly pale or faint; colorless 15, word: adj. artistic; having to do with art or beauty; sensitive to art and beauty 16. word: __ na special quality of leadership or a special charm that captures the public imagination and inspires devotion 17. word: n.a person who receives something, 18. word! adv. forcefully; assertively 19. word: n.astatement that may be true but that seems to say contradictory things 20. word: ~ v. to imagine or develop as an idea; to understand or grasp; to become pregnant with COLUMN B (A) The Brownings were prolific authors and created many poems, partly because they both began writing at a very early age. (B) I wonder how the thirteen-year-old Elizabeth con- ceived the idea for her epic poem The Battle of ‘Marathon. How could a young girl come up with such an ambitious idea? (C) The poem’s martial title certainly is not in keeping with Elizabeth’s image as a love poet (D) I'm sure you have heard the expression “All's fair in love and war.” Although a cliché, the expres- sion applies to Elizabeth’ first epic poem. (©) Love, as 'm sure the Brownings discovered, is often full of paradoxes, for emotions can be inconsistent. (F) The image of Elizabeth as a wan, or sickly, poet who only read and wrote is not completely accu- rate. She actually was quite active in social causes. (G) This woman, famous for her love sonnets, ‘emphatically endorsed women’s issues and protested against slavery. (FD Lenvy the Brownings’ aesthetic life in Florence, aly, where they were surrounded by magnificent paintings and sculptures. (1) Poets today do not inspire public devotion as they once did. One can only imagine the charisma of a Robert Browning. His appeal would probably be lost on contemporary people. ). From what we have read, it sounds as ifthe Brownings were certainly worthy recipients of all the honors and love bestowed on them. Maxinc New Woros Your Own 29Name 0: ate Class IEEE Sentence Completion Ay Directions. For each of the following items, circle the letter of the choice that best completes the meaning of the sentence or sentences. 21. Elizabeth Barrett Browning's line “How do love thee? Let me count the ways” may be considered a___ today because it is overused. (A) charisma (B) conception (©) paradox (D) recipient (B) cliché 27. 22. In the sonnet that starts with that line, the author ___, or insistently, declares her love. (A) aesthetically (B) conceivably (C) emphatically (D) martially (E) prolifically 23. The poet obviously has much love to give, and if you ask me, her beloved was a lucky of her affections. (A) recipient (B) cliché (C) paradox (D) emphasis (E) charisma 24. Although some love poems Ihave read contain contradictory statements, that 29. sonnet doesn’t contain any (A) clichés (B) paradoxes (C) postulates (D) recipients () mentors 25. Iwould look as asa sick person if Thad to express my love as openly as Elizabeth Barrett Browning did! 30. (A) aesthetic (B) martial (C) prolitic (D) wan (E) whimsical 30> Lesson 7 26. 28. Can you possibly suppose, or of, yourself as the ___ of someone’s love sonnets? (A) harass... recipient (B) conceive... paradox (©) repress... cliché (D) conceive... recipient (E) grimace... charisma Some people, such as the Brownings, en- joy lives and artistic pursuits, but | would become colorless and — living such a life. (A) paradoxical . (B) wan... martial (C) aesthetic... wan (D) martial ... paradoxical () conceivable... wan aesthetic In contrast to the Brownings, 1____state, with all the force in me, that I want an ad- venturous life. You may see me in garb as an army officer someday. (A) aesthetically... prolific {B) conceivably ... emphatic (©) martially .. clichéd (D) prolifically ... wan (E) emphatically... martial |. My sister’s goal is to “follow in the foot- steps” of the Brownings (forgive the so that she can become a poet with many successful books. ) (A) cliché ... prolific (B) recipient... martial (©) paradox... prolific (D) recipient... clichéd (E) charisma... .conceivable . In the portrait of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, the painter succeeded in cap- turing that special charm that we call ‘The beautiful background certainly suggests her nature. (A) paradox... charismatic (B) charisma... . aesthetic (©) emphasis... wan (D) cliché... aesthetic (E) recipient ... prolific (© Houghton Mitin Harcourt Publishing CompanyHarcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton Name (Date meee Class Sel BE Maxine New Worps Your Own \4 Lesson 8_| CONTEXT: Expression Zora Neale Hurston: Many-sided Writer Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) was always her own person—talented and prolific, hardworking and outspoken. She was born in Eatonville, Florida, where her father was a carpenter and served as the minister and mayor. When her mother died, Hurston left home and worked as a maid and later as a secretary while attending college. She began writing plays and stories and for a time was part of the black cultural revival known as the Harlem Renaissance. In the following exercises, you will have the opportunity to expand your vocabulary by reading about Zora Neale Hurston, writer of novels, short stories, plays, folk tales, and works of anthropology Below are ten Vocabulary Words that will be used in these exercises. aura impediment opportune reactionary zealous fabricate mediocre qualm stamina zephyr BESS Wordbusting Directions. Follow these instructions for this word and the nine words on the next page. one of the three CSS boxes. Alternate which boxes you complete. your own map for each word. Use a separate sheet of paper. 1 aura >| From the love and humor shown in her writing, a reader probably imag ines Hurston as having had an air, or aura, of pleasantness about her. Context: Structure: Sound: Dictionary: Maxine New Woros Your Own 314Name 2. om Hurston did not need to completely fabricate, or make up, characters for her stories. She found inspiration for her characters in the lives of the people she knew. 3. eae) 4, Hurston did not let having to work hard at low-paying jobs be an impedi- ‘ment to getting an education, She overcame all obstacles and attended Howard University and Barnard College. mediocre >), =p 5. ‘There is variety in Hurston’s writing, and none of her writing is mediocre. |? There is nothing average about it. : ‘opportune >) ——p| Uniortunately, the time in which Hurston wrote was notan opportune one for African American writers, There was very little interest in literature about black families and folklore, and thus her literary career did not blossom, 6. ns 7. Hurston may have had qualms about moving from a small town in Florida to New York City. Itis natural to fecl slightly doubtful and uneasy when facing a major change in your life and surroundings. reactionary >) =p ‘Some people accused Hurston of having reactionary ideas when she opposed the desegregation ruling in 1954, but she was not advocating a retum to an. earlier policy. She was not an extreme conservative opposed to change. 8. Glo Hurston felt that the Supreme Court ruling implied that African Ameri- ‘cans were inferior. Older African American writers criticized her, a real test of her endurance, but she had the stamina to not back down, ec = 10. After Hurston studied anthropology in college, she was zealous about re- cording the folklore and culture of African Americans in the South. Her | great enthusiasm led her to publish Mules and Men. TEER zephyr >) mpi 32 Lesson 8 The importance of Hurston’s writing was not recognized at the time she first published her novels, plays, and short stories. Her influence as a writer has passed subtly and softly, like a zephyr or gentle breeze. (© Houghton Mitin Harcourt Publishing CompanyHarcourt Pubishing Company © Houghton Name - Date Class - Conteat Clues Directions, Scan the definitions in Column A. Then, think about how the boldface words are used in the sentences in Column B. To complete the exercise, match the definition in Column A with the correct Vocabulary Word from Column B. Write the letter of your choice on the line provided; then write the Vocabulary Word on the line preceding the definition. COLUMN A 11. word: 1a distinctive quality surrounding a person. or thing; an invisible, enveloping glow 12. word: nan uneasiness, misgiving, or doubt;a slight feeling of sickness or nausea C13 vcr eens eenaeeee nee tensely devoted; eager; enthusiast adj. 14. word: 1n.a speech disorder; an obstruction of some kind 15. word! na gentle wind; a mild breeze 16. word: adj. only average or ordinary; medium; neither bad nor good 17. word: : advocating a return to an earlier social, political, or economic policy or condition; none who advocates a return to an earlier policy or condition 18. word: v. to build or manufacture; to make up or invent (asa story or an excuse) 19. word: n. vigor; strength; endurance 20. word: — - adj right for the purpose; advantageously timed. COLUMN B (A) Hurston’s use of natural dialogue enlivens her stories. She captures dialects and regional expres- sions easily. She is even able to imitate speech im- pediments such as stuttering and stammering, (B) The use of these techniques gives her characters an aura of authenticity. Natural dialogue helps capture the feeling of realism that surrounds a character. (©) Hurston’s work is now recognized as exceptional, 8 pI far above mediocre. (D) Hurston collected folklore at an opportune time, when the old stories were still being passed along orally. (E) Hurston’s stories are often earthy, telling of vio- Jence and marital difficulties, but you should have no qualms about reading them. Any doubts you have will vanish after afew pages. (F) Drawing upon her own experience, Hurston skill fully fabricated unforgettable characters and stories. (G) Hurston was zealous about her work. Her devo- tion and enthusiasm are evident in her collection of folklore, Mules and Men. (H) Florida's African Americans of the 1920s and 1930s live on in Hurston's writing. Readers can almost feel each zephyr that gently blows across Eatonville and smell the scents carried on the breeze. () While Hurston sympathetically portrayed the cir- cumstances of the period, she was not reactionary. () Hurston had great stamina. Her strength and endurance were demonstrated by the fact that, in addition to writing her many books, she worked at various times as a staff writer, a maid, alibrar- ian, a journalist, a part-time teacher, and a profes- sor of drama Maxinc New Woros Your Own 33