2016023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety Environmental Stanford |heathe safety Last updated: June 5, 2023 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines The Stanford Laboratory Standard & Design Guide is a resource document for use by faculty, staff, and design professionals during the planning and early design phases of a project. This Guide is to be used in conjunction with Stanford's Facilities Design Guidelines and applies to construction projects for all Stanford University facilities, including leased properties. The Stanford Laboratory Standard & Design Guide is not “all inclusive.” It does not cover all regulatory issues nor does it cover all design situations. tis important to note that use practices must be considered during the design process, as they can directly influence how the laboratory will be designed. In all cases, EH&S should be consulted on questions regarding health, safety, and the environment. 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose Stanford University has a continuing need to modernize and upgrade its facilities. The resulting construction projects often have significant health and safety requirements due to regulatory oversight. Since these requirements can impact the design of a project, Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) prepared this EH&S Laboratory Design Guide to aid the campus community with planning and design issues. EH&S believes that the Guide, in conjunction with EH&s's plan review and consultation, improves design efficiency and minimizes changes, 1.2 Application The Guide is a resource document for use by faculty, staff, and design professionals for use during the planning and early design phases of a project. The Guide applies to construction projects for all Stanford University facilities, including leased properties 1.3 Format of the Guide The Guide is formatted to address laboratory design issues pertinent to General Laboratories (e.g., chemical laboratories) in Section 1, with additional requirements for Radioactive Materials Laboratories and Biosafety Level 2 Laboratories presented in Sections 2 and 3 respectively. Within the sections, specific design criteria are provided. Comments are included under the specific design criterion to give the user the rational behind the design feature. 1.4 References References include regulations (e.g., Cal/OSHA and Fire Code), concensus standards (e.g., ANSI/ASHRAE), and good practices. Good practices stem from industry standards and/or the judgement/knowledge of Standard University’s, EHRs professionals, Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines +1662016023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety Design criteria are designated in the following ways: Shall: Criterion is mandated by applicable regulation(s) * The user of the Guide is required to include the design feature. Criterion is based on well-established consensus standards/guidelines. “Must” is used to reflect a Stanford requirement, although not required by a regulation. * The user of the Guide is required to include the design feature. Should: Criterion is advisory in nature, based on good engineering and safety practices. * Itis left to the discretion of the user of the Guide to include the design feature. 5 Limitations of the Guide The EH&S Laboratory Design Guide is not “all inclusive” It does not cover all regulatory issues nor does it cover all design situations. itis important to note that use practices must be considered during the design process, as they can directly influence how the laboratory will be designed (e.g., how hazardous materials are used impacts how they are stored, which is a design issue). In all cases, EH&S should be consulted on questions regarding health, safety, and environment. 1.6 Acknowledgement The majority of this document was adapted from the University of California Environmental Health and Safety Laboratory Safety Design Guide. Stanford University Environmental Health & Safety expresses great appreciation to University of California for all initial efforts put forth in its original development. 2 General Requirements For Stanford University Laboratories 2.1 Regulations, Standards and References Regulations, Standards and References Regulations: + Federal Code of Regulations (CFR), Title 29, Labor * California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 8, Cal/OSHA Standards * California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 24, Part 9, Uniform Fire Code * California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2, California Building Code * CDC Select Agents, Title 42, Chapter I, Part 72 Interstate Shipment of Etiologic Agents * National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Handbook 70: National Electric Code Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 2166,2018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety * California Radiation Control Regulations, Title 17 * Palo Alto Municipal Code, Title 16, Building Regulations * County of Santa Clara Municipal Code Section B11, Chapters XIII and XIV, Hazardous Material and Toxic Gas Storage Consensus Standards and References: * American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation (ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2012) * American National Standard for Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy (ANSI/ASHRAE 55-1992) * State of California, Department of Health Services, Radiologic Health Branch, * Guide for the Preparation of Applications for Medical Programs (RH 2010 4/90) (not formally adopted) * “Safe Handling of Radioactive Materials’, National Council on Radiation Protection (NBS Handbook 92) * “Safe Handling of Radionuclides”, International Atomic Energy Agency, Safety Series No. 1, (1973 ed. is still current as of 1999) (IAEA) * CDC-NIH Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, Sth Edition * National institutes of Health Design Requirements Manual, December 12, 2016 * National Research Council (2011) Prudent Practices in the Laboratory 2.2 Scope The primary objective in laboratory design is to provide a safe environment for laboratory personnel to conduct their work. A secondary objective is to allow for the maximum flexibility for safe research use. Undergraduate teaching laboratories require other specific design considerations. Therefore, all health and safety hazards must be anticipated and carefully evaluated so that protective measures can be incorporated into the design. No matter how well designed a laboratory is, improper usage of its facilities will always defeat the engineered safety features. Proper education of the facility users is essential. The General Requirements listed in this section illustrate some of the basic health and safety elements to include in all new and remodeled laboratories at Stanford. Variations from these guidelines need approval from SU Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S). The subsections of Section 1.0 provide specific guidance on additional critical features of a general laboratory (e.g,, fume hoods, hazardous materials storage, and compressed gases.) 2.3 Building Requirements 1. Designer Qualifications- The designer must have the appropriate professional license in his/her area of expertise. ood Practice 2, Building Occupancy Classification- Occupancy classification is to be based upon an assessment of a projected chemical inventory of the building. Prior to the final design, the campus fire safety organization will need to assign an occupancy class to ensure compliance with the building codes, 2ACCR, Part 2 (California Building Code) 2ACER, Port (California Fire Code) 3. Environmental Permits- Project managers must consult with SU EH&S to identify permitting and pollution abatement engineering requirements for the building, This should be done well before key resource allocation decisions are made. Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 662018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 2.4 Building Design Issues Because the handling and storage of hazardous materials inherently carries a higher risk of exposure and injury, itis important to segregate laboratory and non-taboratory activities. In an academic setting, the potential for students to need access to laboratory personnel, such as instructors and assistants, is great. A greater degree of safety will result when nonlaboratory work and interaction is conducted in a space separated from the laboratory. 1 Special consideration should be given to the choice of fireproof construction for the buildings. The selection of the, site shall be such to minimize the risk of landslide or flood damage. Safe Honaling of Rosionucides 1973 Elton Section 3.3.1 ood practice per Stanford University EH8S 2. An automatically triggered main gas shutoff valve for the building shall be provided for use in a seismic event. In addition, interior manual shutoff valves shall be provided for both research and teaching areas. Good Practice pe Stanford University EH&S 3. Large sections of glass shall be shatter resistant. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S In the event of a severe earthquake, as the glass in cabinets and windows breaks, the shards need to be retained to prevent injury. 4, Offices and write-up desks for laboratory personnel should be located outside of the laboratory space. Locating the office zones very close to the laboratory, preferably within the line of sight achieved via the use of glass walls or walls with viewing windows, will provide easy access, visibility, and communication. * Locating offices and write-up desks outside the laboratory environment allows for a safer workspace where food can be consumed, quiet work can be done, and more paper and books can be stored. Where itis necessary to have offices or write-up desks between the laboratory area and the office areas. hin research areas, there must be adequate separation * Adequate separation can be achieved through a combination of distance and/or physical barriers (e.g., partitions or walls), such that Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is not required while sitting at desks. Different flooring between the office and laboratory zones is desirable, as it can provide a visual cue between the office/write- up desk area of the lab and the area where hazardous materials are used and stored. © When write-up desks are located within the laboratory, they must be at the entrance of the laboratory, with the wet lab benches, fume hoods, biosafety cabinets, and equipment using or storing chemicals, biological materials, and radioactive materials located on the opposite side of the laboratory; this allows laboratory personnel and visitors to enter the laboratory without traveling through the hazardous materials zone of the lab. Itis important to segregate laboratory and non-laboratory activities because (1) the handling and storage of hazardous materials inherently carries a higher risk of exposure and injury; (2) the egress path from a lab desk to an exit should ind (3) it is prohibited to store, consume food, apply make-up or chew gum in areas where hazardous materials are used and/or stored. not require movement through a more hazardous zon Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 41682016023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety Notional Research Council, Prudent Practices in the Laboratory, Chopter 9.8 (2011) Diverardins, Louis, eal. Guideline for Laborotory Design, Chopter 2.1.14 (2013) Notional institutes of Health Design Requirements Manual (0 ber 12, 2016) Sections 2.1.35, 22.41 Cal/OSHA Stonderd $191, Appendix, Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals Laboratories Colonna Radioactive Material License 0676-48 2.5 Laboratory Design Considerations Walls/Doors/Security 1. The laboratory shall be completely separated from outside areas must be bound by four walls). California Raciation Control Regulations, Tite 17 State of California, Bepartment of Health Services, Radiologic Heath Branch Guide forthe Preparation of Applications fr Medical Programs (RH 2010 4/80) Having enclosed laboratories will help contain spills, keep unauthorized personnel from entering areas where hazardous operations are performed, etc. These regulations apply specifically to laboratories containing radioactive materials; however, Stanford University EH&S interprets this to include all laboratories (e.g., general chemistry and electronics). 2. The laboratory shall have means of securing specifically regulated materials such as DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) controlled substances and CDC (Centers for Disease Control) select agents and radioactive materials (i.e., lockable doors, lockable cabii CDC SelectAgents Cantroled Substances Act, Section 803 California Raciation Control Regulations, Tite 17 state of Clftorio, Deparment af Heath Services, Radiologic Heath Branch, Guide forthe Preparation of Applications for Medical Programs (RH 2010 4/30) Having secured hazardous materials storage will keep unauthorized personnel from gaining access to them. These regulations apply specifically to laboratories containing radioactive materials and CDC Select Agents; however, Stanford University EH&S interprets this to include all laboratories (e.g., general chemistry and electronics) Windows 3. If the laboratory has windows that open, they must be fitted wi COC. Bosofety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BSL 2, 0.5) Guietines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (NH Guidelines) Appendix Physical Contoinment:-8-4-e; Physical Containment/Laboratery Facilities (12) Insects, particularly flies, are known to be a potential carrier of disease. To keep insects out of the lab, the doors must be closed while an experiment is in progress, and windows shall be screened if they are capable of being opened, These references apply specifically to laboratories containing biological materials; however, Stanford University EH&S interprets this to include all laboratories (e.g., general chemistry and electronics). Flooring Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 51662016023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 4, The floor must be non-pervious, one piece, and with covings to the wall. This can be achieved by use of glue, heat welded vinyl flooring, epoxy coated concrete slab, etc. NBS Handbook 92 1AEA, Safe Handling of Radionuclides Guide or the Preparation of Applications for Medical Programs (RH 2010 4/80) Floors should be coved up walls and cabinets to ensure spills cannot penetrate underneath floors/cabinets. Tiles and wooden planks are not appropriate because liquids can seep through the small gaps between them. These references apply specifically to laboratories containing biological and radioactive materials; however, Stanford University EH&S interprets this to include all laboratories (e.g., general chemistry, electronics, etc.) 5. Floors storage areas for corrosive liquids shall be of liquid tight construction. (eR, Tile 24, Part 9, Sections 8003.12, 8003.14.12 sinks 6. Each laboratory must contain a sink for handwashing. COC Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BSL. 2, D.1) Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (NH Guidelines) Appendix Physical Containment--B-4-4: Physical Containment/Laboratory Flities (12), NBS Handbook 92 AEA, Safe Handling of Radionuclides Exposure to hazardous materials and/or pathogenic organisms can occur by hand-to-mouth transmission. It is extremely important that hands are washed prior to leaving the laboratory. For this very reason, the sink should be located close to the egress. These references apply specifically to laboratories containing biological and radioactive materials; however, Stanford University EH&S interprets this to include all laboratories (e.g., general chemistry and electronics) 7, Laboratory sinks shall have lips that protect jink drains from spills. PA Ordinance, 16.09.092(0113) Sink lips or berms should be >= 0.25 inches and designed to completely separate the lab bench or fume hood work area from the sink drain. Chemical/Waste Storage 8. Chemical storage shelves shall not be placed above laboratory sinks. A ordinance, 16.08.91 9, Sufficient space or facilities (e.g., storage cabinets with partitions) shall be provided so that incompatible chemicals/gases (waste and non-waste) can be physically separated and stored. This will be based on the chemical inventory and use projection provided by the Principal Investigator to the project and EH&S. If the Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 81662018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety project scope cannot provide sufficient storage the user must develop a written management control plan to include as part of their local Chemical Hygiene Plan. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S eR, Title 24, Part 9, Section 01 9.8 Materials which in combination with other substances may cause a fire or explosion, or may liberate a flammable or poisonous gas, must be kept separate. When designing the shelves, itis important to factor in enough space for secondary containers. Recommend that solvent storage not be located under the laboratory fume hood, as this is a location where fires are most likely to occur in laboratories, Alllabs should be designed to conveniently and safely accommodate the temporary storage of biological, radiological, and chemicals (non-waste and waste) based on laboratory use projections. Wastes are generally stored in the lab in Which they are generated, not in centralized accumulation areas. Furniture Design, Location, and Exit Paths 10. All furniture must be sturdy. All work surfaces (e.g., bench tops and counters) must be impervious to the chemicals used. The counter top should incorporate a lip to help prevent run-off onto the floor. NBS Hondbook 92 1AEA, Safe Handling of Radionuclides Guide forthe Preparation of Applications fr Medical Programs (RH 2010 4/90) COCNIM Biosafety in Microbiological ad Biomedical Laboratories (BSL 2, 0.3) Guidetines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (NI Guidelines) Physical Containment-l-B-4-b : Physical Conteinment/Laboratory Facilities (an) For example, many microbiological manipulations involve concurrent use of chemical solvents such as formaldehyde, phenol, and ethanol as well as corrosives. The lab bench must be resistant to the chemical actions of these substances and disinfectants. Wooden bench tops are not appropriate because an unfinished wood surface can absorb liquids. ‘Also, wood burns rapidly in the event ofa fire. Fiberglass is inappropriate since it can degrade when strong disinfectants are applied. Fiberglass also releases toxic smoke when burned. These references apply specifically to laboratories containing biological and radioactive materials; however, Stanford University EH&S interprets this to include all laboratories (e.g., general chemistry and electronics). 11. Vented cabinets with electrical receptacles and sound insulation should be provided for the placement of individual vacuum pumps where their use is anticipated. A one- to two-inch hole for the vacuum line hose from the cabinet to the bench top should be provided. ood Practice 12. The lab shall have a minimum aisle clearance of at least 24 inches. Main aisles used for emergency egress must have a clearance width of at least 36 inches. cer Titles, 3272/6) NEPA-5, Stondord on Fire Protection for Laboratories Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 186,20/823, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Heat & Safty Clear aisles and exits are necessary to facilitate departure in the event of an emergency. In practice, lab aisles must be designed wider than 24” so that even with the presence of lab stools and other miscellaneous items, a clearance of 24” is always maintained. 13. A pathway clearance of 36 inches must be maintained at the face of the access/exit door, Good Practice per Stanford University EH&S Lab benches must not impede emergency access to an exit. Thisis also applicable to placement of other furniture and appliances such as chairs, stools, refrigerators, etc. 14, Designated storage space should be provided for lab carts. Location must not reduce width of corridors or aisles to less than code-required widths. Lab carts should be secured with earthquake restraints when not in use. ‘ood practice per Stanford University EH&S. see ako information on “Earthquoke Restraints" below. 15, Furniture design must comply with basic ergonomic specifications referenced in the SU Fat Construction Standards (Section 01310, Part A- 1.04) ood Practice Lack of properly designed workstations can increase safety and ergonomic risks for occupants. 16. Laboratory shelving should NOT be installed at heights and distances which require workers to reach 30 centimeters above shoulder height and extend arms greater than 30 centimeters while holding objects 16 kg or less when standing on the floor or on a 12” step stool. ACGIH Threshold Limit Values fr Chemicals Substances and Physical Agent & Biological Agents ood practice pe Stanford University Es. Installation of high shelving, above laboratory benches in particular, can create several potential hazards, including, but not limited to ergonomic issues (over reaching above shoulders and across lab benches); spill and exposures to chemical, radiological or biological agents (e.g., dropping containers when accessing them at high levels). If high shelving were installed, administrative controls, which are often burdensome, would be required. A system for ensuring safe access would include prohibition on the materials stored on shelves, limitations on the frequency of use, availability of ladders or ladders stands, training on ladders, etc. (See also #15 and “Earthquake Restraint” information below.) 17. The space between adjacent workstations and laboratory benches should be 5 ft. or greater to provide ease of access. In a teaching laboratory, the desired spacing is 6 ft. Bench spacing shall be considered and included in specifications and plans. cans with Disabilities Act 0f190 (ADA) tt "Employment, Sec. 101, "Definitions" 42 USC 12111 (A) Tie, “Public Accommodations ond Services Operoted by Private Ente,” Se, 203, New Construction ond Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 662016023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety ‘Alterations in Public Aecommedations and Commercial Fcite,"42 USC 12183 NEPA 45, Chapters 2and3 18, The laboratory doors shall be automatically self-closing. Such self-closing doors are to be able to be opened with a minimum of effort as to allow access and egress for physically challenged indi uals. 2ACCR,Port2, chop. 10 24CcR, Port 9 1007.44 ‘Americans with Disabilities Ac of 1990 ADA) Title, “Public Accommodations nd Services Operated by Private Entities,” Sec. 203, New Construction and Alterations in Public Aecommedati send Commercial Facilities," Pt. 36, Appendix & Pradent Practices inthe Laboratory, .C 19. Doors in H-occupancy laboratories shall have doors which swing in the direction of egress. Doors serving B- occupancy shall swing in the direction of egress if the occupant load is 50 or more. Where possible, all B- occupancy lab doors should swing out. 1997 California Building: Doors which swing in the direction of egress will facilitate occupant departures from laboratories during emergencies. 20. Sufficient space or facilities must be provided for the storage, donning and doffing of personal protective equipment used in the laboratory. Notional institutes of Health Design Requirements Manuel (December 12,2016) Section 213.5 ood practic pe Stanford University EH&S Facilities such as hooks or cabinets for lab coats, containers for safety eyewear and/or hearing protection, must be provided so that personnel are able to don and doff the personal protective equipment (PPE) before entering and exiting the hazardous areas of the laboratory. PPE storage should be separate from any storage provided for ordinary clothing Wu 21. Laboratory areas shall be provided adequate natural or artificial illumination to ensure suffi for operational safety. NUREG 1556 Vol. 7Aopent Safe Hondling of Radlonuclies, Section 3.3.5 (197364) State af California, Department of Heath Services, Radiologic Heath Branch, Guide forthe reparation of ‘Applications for Medical Progroms (RH 2010 480) Title 8, 237, tumination Earthquake Restraints 22, Allequipment requiring anchoring shall be anchored, supported and braced to the building structure in accordance with CCR Title 24, Part 2, Table 16A-O. For example, any equipment, including but not limited to, appliances and shelving that are 48 inches or higher and have the potential for falling over during an earthquake, shall be permanently braced or anchored to the wall and/or floor. Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 662016023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety Coliforio Code of Reguotions (CCR, Fite 24, Pot 2, Table 64-0, Calforio Building Stondords Commission (2007) California Code ofReguations (CCR, Tte 6, 324, California Building Stondarés Commission (200%) This practice keeps these items from falling in the event of an earthquake and assures that safety while exiting is not compromised. 23. Achanneled anchoring station for seismic bracing of equipment, named the Universal Restraining Bar, shall be installed along all bench top/counters in laboratories and other horizontal surfaces that house equipment. These bars shall be installed at the back edge of the bench to mi bench space used. Examples and guidance are provided on the ProtectSU website protectsu.stanford.edu. This system will allow a bracing point for all bench top equipment and will provide standard bracing locations for all benchtop equipment. This bar allows for bracing of items in a way that allows them to be moved to another location when needed, and re- ig. The bar should be adhered to the benchtop with very high bond adhesive so that no holes braced after mo are drilled. Protect, Stanor!'s Seismic Mitigation Initative,protecsu stanferd.edu 24, Allshelves must have a passive restraining system to adequately prevent shelf contents from toppling over. Seismic shelf lips (3/4 inch or greater), sliding doors, or mesh nets are examples. The shelves themselves must be firmly fixed so they cannot be vibrated out of place and allow shelf contents to fall. Prudent Practices inthe Laboratory 2011 edition) 3.8.1.4 ond 2 Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S Installation of seismic lips on shelving areas will prevent stored items from falling during a seismic event. For bookshelves, friction matting may be substituted upon consultation with EH&S. 25, All equipment requiring anchoring, whether installed by a contractor or the University, shall be anchored, supported, and braced to the bi accordance with 24 CCR Part 2, Table 16A-O. (eR, Tile 24, Part 2 Tobe 164-0 26. Cabinets must be equipped with positive locking door latches. FEMA, Reducing the Riss of Nonstructural Earthquake Damage Examples include barrel bolts, safety hasps, and child proof locks. These latches will not allow the cabinet door to open unless the locking mechanism is triggered, Magnetic or pinch grip catches are not considered “positive locking” and hence should not be used. Cleanability 27. The laboratory shall be designed so that it can be easily cleaned. Bench tops must be a seamless one-piece design to prevent contamination. Laminate bench tops are not suitable, Penetrations for electrical, plumbing, and other considerations must be completely and permanently sealed. If the bench abuts a wall, it must be coved or have a backsplash against the wall. Walls should be painted with washable, hard non-porous paints. Intps:fonsstanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 01662018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety COC Bisofet in Microbiological ond Biomedical Laboratories, (2520.2) Guidelines for Research invlving Recombinant DNA Molecules (NI Guidelines) Appenclx Physeal ContalamentIt-8-4.a: Physical Containment/Laboratory Facies (6.2) 135 Hondbook 92 {AEA, Soe Handling of Radionuclides Wooden and wood finish walls or floors are not appropriate because they can absorb hazardous and/or potentially infectious material, particularly liquids, making decontamination/remediation virtually impossible, These references apply specifically to laboratories containing biological and radioactive materials; however, Stanford University EH&S interprets this to include all laboratories (e.g., general chemistry and electronics). 28. Spaces between benches, cabinets, and equipment must be accessible for cleaning and allow for servicing of equipment. COCNIM Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BSL 2, 2.4) Guidelines for Research involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (Nl Guidelines) Appendix Physeal Contoinment.-B-4-: Physical Containment/Laboratory Fetes (1.2) Laboratory furniture must have smooth, non-porous surfaces so as to resist the absorption of liquids and the harsh effects of disinfectants. Furniture must not be positioned in such a manner that makes it difficult to clean spilled liquids or conduct routine maintenance. For example, positioning a Class Il biosafety cabinet in a limited concave space might not allow the biosafety cabinet certifier to remove panels of the cabinet when recertifying the unit. These references apply specifically to laboratories containing biological and radioactive materials; however, Stanford University EH&S interprets this to include all laboratories (e.g., general chemistry and electronics). Breakrooms 29. The design of the laboratory building must incorporate adequate additional facilities for food storage/consumption and personal hygiene tasks. California Radioactive Material License, 0676-43 State of Clforio, Department af Health Services, Radiologic Heath Branch -DOHS 2010 Stonford University Radiation Sofety Manual Per 8 CCR 3368(b), 5193(d)(2), the storage and consumption of food, application of cosmetics or lip balm, or handling of contact lens in areas they may be contaminated by any toxic material or bloodborne pathogen is prohibited. 2.6 Mechanical Considerations Electrical 30. Shall provide GFl protection to electrical receptacles above counter tops and within 6 feet of sinks. Receptacles that are not readily accessible or receptacles for appliances occupying dedicated space, which are cord-and-plug connected in accordance with NEC Section 400-7A(6-8), are exempted. NEPA 7, chapter 2, 210-8 31. The lab should be fitted with an adequate number of electrical outlets, which can accommodate electrical current requirements with an additional 20-40% capacity. Intps:fonsstanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 1662016023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety Good Practice per Stanford Univesity The lab may have several pieces of equipment, which require large amounts of electrical current. Such items include freezers, biosafety cabinets, centrifuges, and incubators. The room design must take into consideration concerns such as electrical demand prior to occupancy to avoid a potential power failure. 32. breakers should be located outside the lab, but not in rated corridors. ‘Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S In the event of an emergency, the laboratory may be unsafe to enter. Hence, the circuit breakers for key electrical appliances should be located outside the lab. ICBO recommends not putting electrical panels in rated corridors. Plumbing 33. Auxiliary valves for gas and vacuum lines should be located outside the lab. ood Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S In the event of an emergency, the laboratory may be unsafe to enter. Hence, the valves for gas and vacuum lines should be located outside the lab. 34, Flexible connections should be used for conne: 1g gas and other plumbed utilities to any freestanding device, including but not limited to biosafety cabinets, incubators, and liquid nitrogen freezers, Flexible connections should be appropriate for the pressure requirements and should be constructed of material compatible with the transport gas. A shutoff valve should be located within sight of the connection and clearly marked. Good Practice per Stanford University EH&S Seismic activity may cause gas and other utility connections to break off. A flexible connection will minimize this potential considerably. 35. Sink drains traps shall be transparent (e.g., made of glass) and easy to inspect or have drain plugs to facilitate mercury spill control. PA. Ordinance, 16.09.022()(24) If mercury-containing products or compounds will not be used, an exemption may be requested in writing to; Stanford University Environmental Quality Manager, Stanford Utilities Department, Mail Code 7270. 36. Lab waste water lines shall be separate from domestic sewage, and a sampling point shall b accessible location outside the building. A. Ordinance, 16.09.060, The sampling point shall be installed at a location where all building lab wastes are discharged, before the lab waste line connects to the domestic waste line. The sampling point shall be designed so that itis perpendicular to the lab waste line, has a minimum 4 inch diameter, has a cleanout screw on cap andis protected by a christie box. The Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 121662018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety sampling point should not be located in an area where water from irrigation or flow from stormwater runoff can accumulate 3 Ventilation 3.1 Regulations, Standards and References Regulations: * California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 8, Section 5154.1, Ventilation requirements for laboratory type hood operations * California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 5209, Carcinogens * Carcinogens Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) 10, Parts 20 and 35 * National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Handbook 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, * National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Handbook 99 Standard for Health Care Facilities Consensus Standards and References: * American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 358.1 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment, * American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation (ANSI/AIHA Z9.5) + American National Standard for Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy (ANSI/ASHRAE 55-1992) * The CalDAG - California Disabled Accessibility Guidebook * Guide for the Preparation of Applications for Medical Programs (RH 2010 4/90) (not formally adopted) (DOHS 2010) + “CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 4th Ed.” CRC Press 1995. * “Safe Handling of Radionuclides”, International Atomic Energy Agency, Safety Series No. 1, (1973 ed. is still current 2s of 1999) (IAEA) 3.2 Scope The requirements of this Guide applies to all Stanford laboratory buildings, laboratory units, and laboratory work areas in which hazardous materials are used, handled, or stored. 3.3 General Ventilation Considerations 1. The room should have mechanically generated supply air and exhaust air. All lab rooms shall use 100% outside air and exhaust to the outside. There shall be no return of fume hood and laboratory exhaust back into the building. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S Prudent Practices inthe Laboratory 8. 8D eR, Tite 24, Part 3, Section 05.3, NFPA 45, chapter 64.1 ANSY/AIHA 23.5, 410.3 Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines +31662018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety The air balance of the room cannot be adjusted unless there is mechanically generated supply and exhaust air. 2. Mechanical climate control should be provided. ‘ood Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S * Per ASHRAE 55-1992, comfortable temperature range are defined as follows: Winter: 69-76 °F (at 35% RH); Summer: 73-79 °F (at 60% RH) * Electrical appliances often exhaust heat into a room (e.g., REVCO freezer, incubator, and autoclave). Failure to take this effect into consideration may result in an artificially warm working environment. Windows must not be opened for a cooling effect since the room air balance will be altered, A cool room must not be heated with a portable heater that may be a fire hazard. ment must not block or reduce effes 3. Cabinetry or other structures or eq jeness of supply or exhaust air. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S Many supply diffusers and room exhaust room outlets are located along laboratory walls. Storage of boxes near these openings may obstruct the circulation of air and supply or exhaust air functioning, 4, Ventilation Rates * General laboratories using hazardous materials shall have a minimum of 6 air changes per hour (ACH). Exhaust ventilation shall be continuous. 2013 CMC section 403.7, Table 403.7, 2013 California Fire Code $0042 2015 ASHRAE Handbook-HUNC Applications, Chapter 16 The Fire Code requires exhaust ventilation at 1 cfm/ft2 of floor area for dispensing, use, and storage of hazardous materials in buildings operating above the maximum allowable quantity (MAQ). In a room with a 10 ft. ceiling, this equates to 6 ACH. The Mechanical Code requires a minimum exhaust ventilation rate of 1 cfm/ft2 for Educational Science Laboratories. * Upon consultation with EH&S, some labs may be candidates for reduced airflow changes (from 6 ACH to 4 ACH) when unoccupied during nonbusiness hours. * Many laboratory buildings now have laser rooms and rooms with analytic tools that do not require hazardous materials. Such rooms have been permitted with 3 to 4 ACH. Careful consideration should be given to not only current, but also future use of the laboratory as research needs change. Without adequate exhaust ventilation, future use of hazardous materials in the space will be restricted or require potentially costly retrofitting, 5, Laboratories must be maintained under negative pressure in relation to the corridor or other less hazardous areas. Clean rooms requiring positive pressure should have entry vestibules provided with door-closing mechanisms so that both doors are not open at the same time. Consult with SU Fire Marshal for design detai ANSI 7955-1992, 4.114-4115 Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 141662018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety ‘Asa general rule, airflow should be from areas of low hazard, unless the laboratory is used as a clean or sterile room, 6. Where appropriate, general ventilation systems should be designed, such that, in the event of an accident, they can be shut down and isolated to contain radioactivity. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity 7. The air velocity volume in each duct should be sufficient to prevent condensation or liquid or condensable solids on the walls of the ducts. Goad Practice per Stanford Unversity The ACGIH Industrial Ventilation handbook (22" edition) recommends a velocity of 1000-2000 fpm. 8, Fume hoods should not be the sole means of room air exhaust. General room exhaust outlets shall be provided where necessary to maintain minimum air change rates and temperature control. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity 9, Operable windows should be prohibited in new lab buildings and should not be used on modifications to existing buildings. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity 10. Local exhaust ventilation (e.g., “snorkels” or “elephant trunks”), other than fume hoods, shall be designed to adequately control exposures to hazardous chemicals. An exhausted manifold or manifolds with connections to local exhaust may be provided as needed to collect potentially hazardous exhausts from gas chromatographs, vacuum pumps, excimer lasers, or other equipment which can produce potentially hazardous air pollutants. The contaminant source needs to be enclosed as much as possible, consistent nal needs, to ma: control effectiveness and minimize air handling difficulties and costs. ACGIN, Industrial Ventilction:A Monuel of Recommended Practice, 23d elton, or latest elton Enclosure minimizes the volume of airflow needed to attain any desired degree of containment control. This reduces fan size, motor horsepower, make up air volume, and make up air conditioning costs. 11. Hoods should be labeled to show which fan or ventilation system they are connected to. Good Fr per Stanford University 12. No laboratory ventilation system ductwork shall be internally insulated. Sounds baffles or external acoustical insulation at the source should be used for noise control. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity Fiberglass duct liner deteriorates with aging and sheds into the space resulting in IAQ complaints, adverse health effects, maintenance problems and significant economical impact. Glass wool and refractory ceramic fibers are now rated as possible carcinogens by the National Toxicology program. Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 151662018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 13. ir exhausted from laboratory work areas shall not pass unducted through other areas. NEPA 45, Chapter 6-43 3.4 Negative Pressurization 1. Airflow shall be from low hazard to high hazard areas. cod Practice CCOC.NIM Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories Prudent Practices inthe Laboratory, 8 NFPA a5 6.44 Anterooms may be necessary for certain applications, such as clean rooms or tissue culture rooms. Potentially harmful aerosols can escape from the containment of the laboratory room unless the room air pressure is negative to adjacent non-laboratory areas. Itis recommended that laboratories should contain a fully integrated laboratory control system to control the temperature, ventilation rate and room pressurization, The control system should constantly monitor the amount of supply and exhaust air for the laboratory rooms and regulate the flow to maintain a net negative pressurization. 2. An adequate supply of make up air (90% of exhaust) should be provided to the lab. ood Practice per Stanford Univesity 3. Anair lock or vestibule may be necessary in certain high-hazard laboratories to minimize the volume of supply air required for negative pressurization control. These doors should be provided with interlocks so that both doors cannot open at the same time. ood Practice per Stanford Univesity 4. Acorridor should not be used as a plenum. ood Practice per Stanford Univesity 3.5 Supply Air Arrangements 1, Room air currents at the fume hood should not exceed 20% of the average face velocity to ensure fume hood containment. Prudent Practices in the Laborotory8.C Good Practice per Stanford Univesity |ANSIZ9.5.2003 29.5-2003 allows air velocities up to 50 fpm, but lower room air velocities around hoods cause less interference with the operation of the hood, Make up air should be injected at low velocity through an opening with large dimensions to Intps:fonsstanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 161662018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety avoid creating jets of airflow. An alternative is to direct air towards a ceiling that will allow the air velocity to decrease by the time it approaches a hood. 2, Make-up air should be introduced at opposite end of the laboratory room from the fume hood(s) and flow paths for room HVAC systems shall be kept away from hood locations, to the extent practical. NEPA.9, chopter 54.3.2 NFPA, Chopter6-3.4nd6-9.1 IH Design Policy and Guidelines, Research Laboratory, 1996 .7.7 ANSI 79.52008 Airturbulence defeats the capability of hoods to contain and exhaust contaminated air. 3, Make-up air shall be introduced in such a way that negative pressurizati spaces and does not create a disruptive air pattern. maintained in all laboratory ood Practice per Stanford Univesity 4, Cabinetry or other structures or equipment should not block or reduce effectiveness of supply or exhaust air. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity 5. Supply system air should meet the technical requirements of the laboratory work and the requirements of the latest version of ASHRAE, Standard 62, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. Good Practice per Stanford University 3.6 Fume Hood Location 1. Fume hoods should be located away from activities or facilities, which produce air currents or turbulence. Locate away from high traffic areas, air supply diffusers, doors, and operable windows. NEPA 39, Chopter 54.3.2 NFPA-5, Chapter 6-2.40nd 69.1 Air turbulence affects the capability of hoods to exhaust contaminated air. Eddies are created by people passing by and by other sources of air currents. 2, Fume hoods should not be located adjacent to a single means of access to an exit. Recommend that hoods be located more than 10 feet from any door or doorway. NEPA 45, Chopter 69.2 NEPA, chapter 34.(0) NFPA 99, Chopter 54.3.2 Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 11662018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety (AKA 22.5, 54 Afire hazard or chemical release incident, both of which may start in a fume hood, can block an exit rendering it impassable. A fire o explosion in a fume hood located adjacent to a path of egress could trap someone in the lab. 3. Fume hood openings should not be located opposite workstations where personnel will spend much of their working day, such as desks or microscope benches. WvFPA45, Chapter 6-93 Materials splattered or forced out of a hood could injure a person seated across from the hood. 4, An emergency eyewash/shower station shall be within 10 seconds of each fume hood. eR, Title, Section 5162 412358. Per 8 CCR 5162, the requirement for an eyewash/shower is triggered when an employee may be exposed to substances, Which are “corrosive or severely irritating to the skin or which are toxic by skin absorption” during normal operations or foreseeable emergencies, Fume hoods are assumed to contain such substances; hence, Stanford interprets this regulation to mean that emergency eyewash/shower station shall be within 10 seconds of fume hoods. 5, An ADA emergency eyewash/shower shall be within 10 seconds of an ADA fume hood (minimally one ADA hood per laboratory floor). The ColDAG - Colifornio Disabled Accessibilty Guidebook The location of at least one ADA hood per floor will enable disabled individuals to conduct their research without having to transport chemicals, etc. in elevators. 3.7 Approved Equipment 1. All fume hoods shall meet the requirements of CCR, Title 8, Sections 5141.1, 5209, and 5143 in addition to. NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection For Laboratories Using Chemicals. 3.8 Fume Hood and Local Exhaust Ventilation Selection/Types 1, General: Factors to consi jer when selecting a fume hood: * Room size (length x width x height) Number of room air changes * Lab heat load * Types of materials used * Linear feet of hood needed based on 1. number of users/hood 2. frequency of use 3. % of time working at hood Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 181662018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 4, size of apparatus to be used in hood, etc. A facility designed for intensive chemical use should have at least 2.5 linear feet of hood space per student. Good Practice pe Stanford EH&S Evaluating the operational and research needs of the users will ensure that the appropriate type and number of hoods are integrated into the laboratory. 2. Constant Volume Hoods These hoods permit a stable air balance between the ventilation systems and exhaust by incorporating a bypass feature. If bypass is 100% this allows a constant volume of air to be exhausted through the hood regardless of sash position. 3. Variable Air Volume (VAV) fume hoods These hoods maintain constant face velocities by varying exhaust volumes in response to changes in sash position. Because only the amount of air needed to maintain the specified face velocity is pulled from the room, significant energy savings are possible when the sash is closed. However, since these hoods cost more than up front and more maintenance, effective sash management (e.g., pull sash closed when not using hood) is necessary. 4, Supply or auxiliary air hoods These hoods are not permitted, unless an exception is granted by EH&S. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S Itis very difficult to keep the air supply and exhaust of supply hoods properly balanced. In addition, the supply air is intemperate, causing discomfort for those working in the hot or cold air stream. As a result, the supply vent is often either shut or blocked off, which eliminates any potential benefit of this type of hood. Finally, the presence and movement of the user’s body in the stream of supply air creates turbulence that degrades the performance of the hood. 5, Ductless Fume Hoods: Portable, non-ducted fume hoods are generally not permitted; however, a portable hood may be used for limited applications (e.g., used inside of an existing hood for a special application, such as odor control). Such applications must be reviewed and approved by EH&S on a case-by-case basis. ANSUAHAZ9.5,5.16 Portable hoods often do not meet the regulatory airflow requirements. Filters used with these units must be changed frequently and vary in filtration effectiveness from chemical to chemical. Experience has demonstrated that an OSHA compliance officer may require quarterly monitoring of hood exhaust to demonstrate the effectiveness of the filtration in the given application and the corresponding protection of the workers occupying the space. These hoods are often misused 6, Perchloric/Hot Acid Hoods: Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 91662018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety a) Heated perchloric acid shall only be used in a laboratory hood specifically designed for its use and identified as “For Perchloric Acid Operations.” (Exception: Hoods not specifically designed for use with perchloric acid shall be permitted to be used where the vapors are trapped and scrubbed before they are released into the hood.) NEPA 45, Chapter 621.1 Heated perchloric acid will give off vapors that can condense and form explosive perchlorates. Limited quantities of perchloric acid vapor can be kept from condensing in laboratory exhaust systems by trapping or scrubbing the vapors at the point of origin. b) Perchloric acid hoods and exhaust duct work shall be constructed of materials that are acid resistant, nonreactive, and impervious to perchlor acer sisal) NFPA, Chapter 611.2 ANSVAIKA 29.5: ¢) The exhaust fan should be acid resistant and sparkcresistant. The exhaust fan motor should not be located within the duct work. Drive belts should not be located within the duct work. NEPA 45, Chapter 611.3 4) Ductwork for perchloric acid hoods and exhaust systems shall take the shortest and straightest path to the outside of the building and shall not be manifolded with other exhaust systems. Horizontal runs shall be as short as possible, with no sharp turns or bends. The duct work shall provide a positive drainage slope back into the hood. Duct shall consist of sealed sections. Flexible connectors shall not be used. NFPA, Chapter 6-114 e) Sealants, gaskets, and lubricants used with perchloric acid hoods, duct work, and exhaust systems shall be acid resistant and nonreactive with perchloric acid. NFPA 4, Chapter 611.5 YAMA 235 f) Awater spray system shall be provided for washing down the hood interior behind the baffle and the entire exhaust system, The hood work surface shall be watertight with a minimum depression of 13 mm (¥4 inch) at the front and sides. An integral trough shall be provided at the rear of the hood to collect wash-down water. a.0cR 5154.17) NFPA 4, Chapter 611.6 ANSYAHAZ3.5 Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 20168201823, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Heat & Safely Perchloric acid is a widely used reagent know to produce flammable or explosive reaction products; hence, the need to have wash down capabilities after each use to remove residues. A watertight surface will contain any chemical spills or leaks from leaking to underneath hood. £) Spray wash-down nozzles shall be installed in the ducts no more than 5 ft. apart. The ductwork shall provide a positive drainage slope back into the hood. Ductwork shall consist of sealed sections, and no flexible connectors shall be used, NEPA 45, Chapter 611.4 h) The hood surface should have an all-welded construction and have accessible rounded corners for cleaning ease. Good Ps per Stanford University EH&S Access for cleaning is an important design feature. i) The hood baffle shall be removable for inspect n and cleaning. NEPA 4, Chapter 611.7 j) Each perchloric acid hood must have an ind nated duct and exhaust system. ANSI 23.5 7. Radioactive Material Use a) Laboratory hoods in which radioa symbol. NFPA, Chapter 6-12. b) Fume hoods intended for use with radioactive isotopes must be constructed of stainless steel or other materials that will not be corroded by the chemicals used in the hood. NFPA 9, chopter 54.3.3 onsz010 CCRC Handbook af Laboratory Safety, Ath Ed ¢) The interior of all radioisotope hoods must have coved corners to facilitate decontamination. NFPA 8, chapter 54.3.3 ows2010 CCRC Handbook of Laboratory Softy, Ath Ed Intps:fonsstanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-tesign-uidelines 211682018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety |AEA, Safe Handling of Radionuclides Cracks and crevices are difficult to decontaminate. 4d) The hood exhaust may require filtration by HEPA or Charcoal HEPA filters. Where such is the likelihood, the hood must have a bag-out plenum for mounting such filters and fan capacity for proper operation of the hood with the filter installed. The most appropriate location for the plenum is near the exhaust port of the fume hood ., proximal to the hood). NEPA 99, chopter 54.3.3 onsz010 (CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, ath, AEA, Safe Handling of Radionuclides e) Hoods used for radioactivity should have sashes with horizontal sliding glass panels mounted in a vertical sash. NEPA 99, Chapter $-4.3.3 onsz010 10¢cFR 20 CCRC Handbook af Laboratory Safety, Ath Ed AEA, Safe Handling of Radionuclides f) The cabinet on which the hood is installed shall be adequate to support shielding for the radioactive materials to be used therein. NFPA 99, chapter $4.33 onsz010 1ocrR20 CCRC Handbook af Laboratory Safety, Ath Ed |AEA, Sofe Handling of Rodionuclises g) In general, glove boxes with HEPA filtered exhausts shall be provided for operations involving unsealed ‘active material that emit alpha particles. Consult with the Radiation Safety Program for specific requirements. NFPA 99, chopter 54.3.3 owsz010 Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 221682018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 10cFR 20 CCRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, Ath Ed 1A€A,Sofe Handling of Rodionuclises 8, American with Disabilities Act (ADA) Hoods: Must consult with Stanford University’s ADA Compliance Office regarding the number lab hoods to install in facilities, which are accessible to and usable by indi disabilities - recommend minimally one ADA hood per laboratory floor. These hoods must provide appropriate worksurface heights, knee clearances, reach to controls, etc. to individuals in wheelch: juals with The CalDAG - California Disabled Accessibilty Guidebook The location of at least one ADA hood per floor will enable disabled individuals to conduct their research without having to transport chemicals, etc. in elevators. 9. Glove Boxes: Glove boxes (positive and negative) must meet the type, design and construction of requirements ANSI/AIHA 29.5-1992, 5.14, SANNA 295 10. Walk-in Fume Hoods: These hoods must meet the type, design and construction requirements of ANSI/AIHA 79,5-1992, 5.13. ANSI 72.5 11. Special Purpose Hoods: These hoods include enclosures for operations for which other types of hoods are not suitable (e.g., enclosures for analytical balances, histology processing machines, special mixing stations, evaporation racks). These hoods must be designed per ANSI 29.2 and the Industrial Ventilation manual. ANSIAIMAZ2.5 Industrial Ventilation - A Manual of Recommended Practice (ACGIH) 3.9 Fume Hood Labeling 1. Laboratory hoods and special local exhaust ventilation systems (SLEV) shall be labeled to indicate intended use (e.g., “Perchloric Acid Hood”). NFPA 45, Chopter 612.1 2. Alabel must be affixed to each hood containing the following information from the last inspectior a. certification date due b. average face velocity c. inspector’s initials Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 231682018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety NFPA-45, Chapter 12.2 (NOTE: This code sites slightly diferent information forthe label. Stanford determined it wos oppropriateta create label withthe above information) 3.10 Fume Hood Construction, Installation & Performance 1, New hoods can be mounted above a chemical storage cabinet, provided that the cabinet meets the Uniform Fire Code requirements for construction. Good Practice per Stanford University EH&S Recommend that solvent storage not be located under the laboratory fumie hood, as this location is where fires are most likely to occur in laboratories. 2. Type 316 stainless steel should be used for all parts of the fume hood system ventilation duct as long as compatibility is maintained. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S This material affords good, general corrosion, impact and vibration resistance, 3, Fume hood interior surfaces shall be constructed of corrosion resi: ‘ant, non-porous, non-combu: materials such as type 316 stainless steel, and should be smooth and impermeable, with rounded corners. These materials shall have a flame spread index of 25 or less when tested in accordance with NFPA method 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Bui NEPA 45, Chapter 68.1, 611.2, 6116 FPA 99,5433, ANSI 735-1982, 5.12 Type 316 stainless steel (SS 316) is specified to avoid corrosion, thereby extending fume hood life. Splashes of liquid containing radioactive materials can be easily cleaned when hoods are constructed of non-porous materials such as stainless steel, Perchloric acid digestion over time may result in the condensation and consequential formation of perchlorate crystals, which in large quantities pose an explosion hazard, especially if combined with organic chemical condensate, 4, Hood inserts are only permitted for radioactive iodination procedures specifically approved by the Stanford Radiation Safety Officer. 5. Laboratory hoods shall be provided with a means of containing minor spills. NFPA.45, Chapter 69.1.3 ISYAINA 95,52 The means of containing minor spills might consist of a 6.4-mm (%4 in.) recess in the work surface, use of pans or trays, or creation of a recess by installing a curb across the front of the hood and sealing the joints between the work surface and the sides, back, and curb of the hood. Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 241682018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 6. There must be a horizontal bottom airfoil inlet at the front of the hood. ANSYAIHAZ35,52 The air foil at the front of the hood floor assures a good sweep of air across the working surface toward the back of the hood, This minimizes the generation of turbulents or eddy currents at the entrance to the hood, 7. Adjustable baffles with horizontal slots must be present in the fume hood interior at the back and top. (aA 795,52 Locating the slots in this manner will attain reasonably uniform face velocity under different conditions of hood use as related to heat sources, size, and configuration of equipment in hood 8, Before a new fume hood is put into operation, an adequate supply of make up air must be provided to the lab. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S ‘Afume hood exhausts a substantial amount of air. For this reason, additional make up air must be brought into the room to maintain a proper air balance. 9. Face Velocity: Laboratory fume hoods shall provide a minimum average effective face velocity of 100 feet per minute (fpm), with a minimum of 70 fpm at any point. Ret 8 COR S141) 10. Certification: See Stanford University’s laboratory fume hood performance and certification protocol at: Fume Hood Testing and Performance Standards (LVMP Appendix 10.2.1), 11, Where the required velocity can be obtained by partly closing the sash, the sash and/or jamb shall be marked to show the maximum opening at which the hood face velocity will meet the requirements. (ce, Title, Section $154 1/)() 12. An airflow indicator shall be provided and located so that it is visible from the front of the fume hood. CcR, Titles, Section 154.1()(3) NFPA-5, chapter 6.8.7.1 NSAI 735-1992, 58 Follow manufacturer's procedures for calibration of air flow indicator during installation. Follow manufacturer's schedule for periodic calibration and maintenance parameters thereafter. Performance criteria for various airflow indicators are as follows: Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 25168201823, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety © Kim Wipes: Shows inward flow. ‘© Magnahelic Gauges: Mark on gauge inches water read when average face velocity at 100 fpm. © FPM Readout: Average readout is 100 fpr. © Audio/Visual Alarms: Go into alarm mode if average face velocity drops to 80 fpm. 13. Baffles shall be constructed so that they may not be adjusted to restrict the volume of air exhausted through the laboratory hood. NEPA 45, Chopter 68.12 14, Fans should run continuously without local control from hood location and independently of any time clocks. Good Pr per Stanford Univesity EH&S IFusers have ability to shut off hoods or control their use with a time clock, there is a potential for users to conduct research in a hood that is not operating, 15. For new installations or modifications of existing installations, controls for laboratory hood services (eg., gas, air, and water) should be located external to the hood and within easy reach. NFPA, chaptor6-85.1 16. Shutoff valves for services, including gas, air, vacuum, and electricity shall be outside of the hood enclosure ina location where they will be readily accessible in the event of fire in the hood. The location of such a shut-off shall be legibly lettered in a related location on the exterior of the hood. NEPA 99, chapter 54.3.6 17. Laboratory hoods shall not have an on/off switch located in the laboratory. Exhaust fans shall run continuously without direct local control from laboratories. Good Prac per Stanford Univesity 18. Drying ovens shall not be placed under fume hoods. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity 3.11 Fume Hood Power and Electrical 1. Chemical fume hood exhaust fans should be connected to an emergency power system in the event of a power failure. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S This backup power source will ensure that chemicals continue to be exhausted. EH&S recognizes that it may not be practical to provide emergency power sufficient to maintain fume hood functioning at normal levels but recommends an emergency supply of at least half of the normal airflow. Intps:fonsstanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 261682018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 2. Emergency power circuits should be available for fan service so that fans will automatically restart upon restoration after a power outage and supply at least half of the normal airflow. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S Continual fan service will ensure that hazardous materials are exhausted continually, 3. Momentary or extended losses of power shall not change or affect any of the control system’s setpoints, calibration settings, or emergency status. After power returns, the system shall continue operation, exactly as before, without the need for any manual intervention. Alarms shall require manual reset, should they indicate a potentially hazardous condition. 4, Fume hood ventilating controls should be arranged so that shutting off the ventilation of one fume hood will not reduce the exhaust capacity or create an imbalance between exhaust and supply for any other hood connected to the same system. 1uFPA 99, chaps 5434 5. Ininstallations where services and controls are wit the hood, additional electrical disconnects shall be in 15m (5Oft) of the hood and shalll be accessible and clearly marked. (Exception: If electrical receptacles are located external to the hood, no additional electrical disconnect shall be required). located wit NEPA 45, Chapter 68.4.1 Locating services, controls, and electrical fixtures external to the hood minimizes the potential hazards of corrosion and arcing 6. Hood lighting shall be provided by UL-listed fixtures external to the hood or, if located within the hood interior, the fixtures shall meet the requirements of NFPA 70, (National Electrical Code). NFPA, chapter 3-6 7. Light fixtures should be of the fluorescent type, and replaceable from outside the hood. Light fixtures must be displaced or covered by a transparent impact resistant vapor tight shield to prevent vapor contact. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S Fluorescent bulbs radiate less heat than conventional bulbs while maintaining a safe and illuminated work area inside the hood. 8, The valves, electrical outlets and switches for utilities serving hoods should be placed at readily accessible locations outside the hood. All shutoff valves should be clearly labeled. Plumbing (e.g., vacuum lines) should exit the sides of the fume hood and not the bench top. NFPA, Chapter 68.5.1 NFPA 9, chopter 54.3.6 (Heath Core) ‘ood Practice per Stanford Univesity Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 211682018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 3.12 Sashes 1, Hoods shall have transparent movable sashes constructed of shatter-resistance, flame resistant material and capable of closing the entire front face. Asuna z9.5-2003, acer ss4.ie) Good Practice per Stanford Univesity 2. Vertical-rising sashes are preferred. If horizontal sashes are used, sash panels (horizontal sliding) must be 12 to 14 inches in width. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity Sashes may offer extra protection to lab workers since they can be positioned to act asa shield. 3. A force of five pounds shall be sufficient to move vertically and/or horizontally moving doors and sashes. ANS/AIA73.5.2003, 3.1.1 3.13 Ducting 1. Hood exhausts should be manifolded together except for: * Perchloric/hot acid hoods * hoods with washdown equipment * hoods that could deposit highly hazardous residues on the ductwork * exhaust requiring HEPA filtration or other special air cleaning * situations where the mixing of exhausted materials may result in a fire, explosion, or chemical reaction hazard in the duct system Manifolded fume hood exhaust ducts shall be joined i the building at the roofline. ide a fire rated shaft or mechanical room, or outside of CR, Tiles, Section 5143 FPA as 2. Horizontal ducts must slope at least 1 inch per 10 feet downward ‘ection of airflow to a suitable drain or sump. ANSUAIHAZ9.5.1992, 6. Liquid pools and residue buildup which can result from condensation may create a hazardous condition if allowed to collect. 3, Ducts exhausting air from fume hoods should be constructed entirely of non- combustible material. Gaskets should be resistant to degradation by the chemicals involved and fire resistant. Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 201682018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety NFPA, chapter 65.1 4, Automatic fire dampers shall not be used in laboratory hood exhaust systems. Fire detection and alarm systems shall not be interlocked to automatically shut down laboratory hood exhaust fans. NFPA 4S, Chapter 610 Fire dampers are not allowed in hood exhaust ducts. Normal or accidental closing of a damper may cause an explosion or impede the exhausting of toxic, flammable, or combustible materials in the event of a fire. 3.14 Exhaust 1. New exhaust fans should be oriented in an up-blast orientation. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S Any other type of fan orientation increases the fan work load and increases the risk of exhaust emission re- entrainment. 2. Hood exhaust stacks shall extend at least 7 feet above the roof. Discharge shall be directed vertically upward. CcR, Title, Section 5154.16)50) If parapet walls are present, EHS recommends that stacks extend at least 2 feet above the top of a parapet wall or at least 7 feet above the roof, whichever is greater. Note: The University Architect/Planning Office must be contacted if any building feature, such as exhaust stacks, extend above the roofline 3. Hood exhausts shall be located on the roof as far away from air intakes as possible to preclude re-circulation of laboratory hood emissions within a building. For toxic gas applications, the separation distance shall be at least 75 feet from any intake. CR, Title & Section 5154.1.) ‘C0 Toxic Gos Ordinance No NS-817-44 As future gas necessities are difficult to predict, EH&S recommends at least 75 feet for all applications. 4, Discharge from exhaust stacks must have a velocity of at least 3,000 fpm. Achieving this velocity should not be done by the installation of a cone type reducer. The duct may be reduced, but the duct beyond the reduction should be of sufficient length to allow the air movement to return to a linear pattern. ANSIZ.95.2003, 53.5 ‘ood Practice per Stanford Univesity EH&S Strobic-type exhaust fans may be used to address exhaust velocity needs. caps that divert the exhaust toward the roof are prohil ed. Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 201682016123, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety eR, Titles Section s154.1()/) 6. Fume hood exhau: isnot required to be treated (e.g., filtered or scrubbed) except... when one of the following substances is used with a content greater than the percent specified by weight or volume: Chemical 2-Acetylaminofluorene 53936 1.0 4-Aminodiphenyl 92671 1.0 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene 60117 1.0 alpha-Naphthylamine 134327 1.0 beta-Naphthylai 91598 Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 301682016/23, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 0.1 4-Nitrobiphenyt 92933 0.1 N-Nitrosodimethylamine 62759 1.0 beta-Propiolactone 57578 1.0 bis-Chloromethyl ether 542881 on Methyl chloromethyl ether 107302 on Ethyleneimine 151564 1.0 CR, Title 8, Section 5209/6114 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane Asbestos Vinyl Chloride Acrylonitrile Inorganic Arsenic Ethylene Dibromide Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 311682018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety Ethylene Oxide Methylene Chloride ood Practice or when used for radioisotope work. In this instance, the furne hood exhaust treatment system must be approved by the SU Radiation Safety Officer prior to installation and use. 7, Laboratory ventilation exhaust fans shall be spark-proof and constructed of materials or coated with corrosion resistant materials for the chemicals being transported. V-belt drives shall be conductive. FPA As 8, Vibration isolators shall be used to mount fans. Flexible connection sections to ductwork, such as neoprene coated glass fiber cloth, shall be used between the fan and its intake duct when such material is compatible with hood chemical use factors. Good Practice per Stanford Univesity 9, Each exhaust fan assembly shall b each laboratory ventilation system. ividually matched (cfm, sta pressure, brake horsepower, etc.) to dustrial Vet) jation Manual 10. Exhaust fans shall be located outside the building at the point of final discharge. Each fan shall be the last element of the system so that the ductwork through the building is under negative pressure. a.0cR 5154.16) ANSV/AIA 23.5, ‘An exhaust fan located other than at the final discharge point can pressurize the duct with contaminated air. Fume hood ducts must be maintained under negative pressure. 11. Fans shall be installed so they are readily accessible for maintenance and inspection without entering the plenum. If exhaust fans are located inside a penthouse, PPE needs for maintenance workers shall be considered. reas 3.15 Wind Engineering 1. Wind engineering evaluations should be conducted for all wind directions stri where fume hood exhaust is likely to have significant ground level impact, or i same nearby buildings. g all walls of a building cely to affect air intake for the ood Practice per Stanford Univesity 2. Emergency generator exhaust should be considered in the wind engineering study. Intps:fonsstanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-tesign-uidelines 321682016023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety Good Practice per Stanford Univesity 3.16 Noise 1. System design must provide for control of exhaust system noise (combina! generated noise) in the laboratory. Systems must be designed to achieve an acceptable Sound Pressure Level {SPL) frequency spectrum (room criterion) as described in the 1991 HVAC Applications Handbook. n of fan-generated noise and air- ANSVAIHA23.5,10 1991 HVAC Applications Handbook Acceptable SPL may vary depending on the intended room use. A Noise Criteria (NC) curve of 55 dBA is generally adequate for a standard laboratory. 3.17 Specialty, Controlled Climate, And Cold Rooms 1. The issue of ventilation in cold rooms during periods of occupancy or for storage of hazardous materials must be addressed. EH&S should be consulted to review arrangements for pro periods of occupancy and for storage of hazardous materials or compressed gases. ig fresh and exhaust air during Good Practice per Stanford Univesity Cold Rooms used only for the storage of non-hazardous materials do not require ventilation in addition to that specified by the manufacturer. 2. Specialty rooms, designed for human occupancy must have latches that can be operated from the inside to allow for escape. ood Practice per Stanford Univesity 3. Latches and frames shall be designed to allow actuation under all design conditions, such as freezing. Magnetic latches are recommended. ood Practice per Stanford Univesity 4, Doors of walk-in specialty rooms must have viewing windows and external light switches. Good Fs per Stanford University 3.18 Lab Hood Commissioning 1. Proper operation of fume hoods must be demonstrated by the contractor installing the fume hood prior to. project closeout. The recommended containment performance test is ANSI/ASHRAE 110. (AMA 22.5.2008, 62.7 See commissioning requirements Exposure Control Device Commissioning (LVMP Appendix 10.1) Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 331682016023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 2, Fume hoods with unoccupied setback shall be tested at the reduced flow rate according to ANSI/ASHRAE 110. CcR, Tiles, Section 5154.1 See commissioning requirements Exposure Control Device Commissioning (LVMP Appendix 10.1) 4 Emergency Eyewash And Safety Shower Equipment 4.1 Regulations, Consensus Standards, And References 1, Regulations California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 8, General Industry Safety Orders * Section 3273, Working Area * Section 5162, Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment * Section 5217(i), Formaldehyde, Hygiene Protection CCR, Title 24, Part 5, 2013 California Plumbing Code (CPC) * Section 416.0, Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment Palo Alto Municipal Code, Title 16, Chapter 16.09, Sewer Use Ordinance * Section 16.09.175, General Prohibitions and Practices 2. Consensus Standards and References ‘American National Standards institute (ANSI), Z358.1-2014, Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment ASTM International, ASTM F1637-13, Standard Practice for Safe Walking Surfaces National Electrical Code (NEC) 3. References Guidelines for Laboratory Design: Health, Safety, and Environmental Considerations, Fourth Edition, Louis J DiBerardinis, Janet S. Baum, Melvin W. First, Gari T Gatwood, and Anand K. Seth, John Wiley & Sons, nc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2013. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards, Updated Version, The National ‘Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2011. Markenson D, Ferguson JD, Chameides L, Cassan P, Chung K-L, Epstein J, Gonzales L, Herrington RA, Pellegrino JL, Ratcliff N, Singer A. Part 17: first aid: 2010 American Heart Association and American Red Cross Guidelines for First Aid. Circulation. 2010;122(suppl 3):5934 -S946. 4.2 Scope Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 3416820/823, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Heath & Safety This section presents the minimum requirements for eyewash and shower equipment for the emergency treatment of the eyes or body of a person exposed to hazardous substances. It covers the following types of equipment: emergency showers, eyewash and eye/facewash equipment, and combination shower and eyewash or eye/face wash. 4.3 Application 1 Provisions for Emergency Eyewashes Emergency plumbed eyewash or eye/facewash equipment shall be provided for all work areas where, during routine operations or foreseeable emergencies, the eyes of an employee may come into contact with a substance which can cause corrosion, severe irritation, or permanent tissue damage or is toxic by absorption (see box below). A plumbed eyewash shall be provided at all work areas where formaldehyde solutions in concentrations greater than or equal to 0.1% are handled. * TS CCR, Section 5162(a) * T8CCR, Section 5217(i)(3) EH&S considers the following to be substances which can cause corrosion, severe irritation, or permanent tissue damage, or which are toxic by absorption: a. Substances classified by the manufacturer or distributor according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) as Category 1 (serious eye damage) or Category 2A (irritant) eye hazards. b. Substances identified by the manufacturer or distributor as causing corrosion, severe irritation, or permanent tissue damage to the eyes, c. Substances designated by “S” in the skin notation column of Table AC-1 of T8 CCR Section 5155. d. Substances identified by the manufacturer or distributor as toxic by skin absorption. This consideration is based on T8 CCR, Section 5162; OSHA Hazard Classification Guidance for Manufacturers, Importers, and Employers; and T8 CCR, Section 5155. 2. Provisions for Emergency Showers Aplumbed emergency shower shall be provided for all work areas where, during normal operations or foreseeable emergencies, areas of the body may come into contact with a substance which is corrosive or severely irritating to the skin or which is toxic by skin absorption (see box below). A plumbed emergency shower shall be provided at all work areas where formaldehyde solutions in concentrations greater than or equal to 1% are handled. * TSCCR, Section 5162(b) * T8CCR, Section 5217(i)(2) EH&S considers the following to be substances which are corrosive or severely irritating to the skin or which are toxic by skin absorption: Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 35468201872, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety a, Substances classified by the manufacturer or distributor according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) as Category 1 (skin corrosion) or Category 2 (skin irritation) skin hazards, b, Substances identified by the manufacturer or distributor as corrosive or severely irritating to the skin. c. Substances designated by “S” in the skin notation column of Table AC-1 of T8 CCR Section 5155. 4. Substances identified by the manufacturer or distributor as toxic by skin absorption. This consideration is based on T8 CCR, Section 5162; OSHA Hazard Classification Guidance for Manufacturers, Importers, and Employers; and T8 CCR, Section 5155. 3. Stanford EH&S presumes that laboratory fume hoods contain hazardous substances that require emergency eyewash and shower facilities. 4. Laboratories and laboratory support facilities using and handling hazardous substances will generally require eyewash and safety showers. Biological laboratories using bleach and other chemical disinfectants will generally require eyewash and safety showers, Consult with EH&S for any exceptions or if an evaluation is needed. 5, For new construction and major renovations, careful consideration should be given to not only current, but also future use of the laboratory as research needs change. Without an emergency eyewash and safety shower, future use of hazardous materials in the space will be restricted or require potentially costly retrofitting. 4.4 Location 1, Emergency eyewash and shower equipment shall be on the same level as the hazard and accessible for immediate use in locations that require no more than 10 seconds for the injured person to reach. The path of travel must be free of obstructions. If both eyewash and shower are needed, they shall be located so that both can be used at the same time by one person +B T8CCR, Section 5162(c) ‘* B 2013 CPC, Section 416.4 The average person covers a distance of approximately 55 ft. in 10 seconds when walking at a normal pace. The physical and emotional state of a potential victim (visually impaired, with some level of discomfort/pain, and possibly in a state of panic) should be considered along with the likelihood of personnel in the immediate area to assist. Other potential hazards that may be adjacent to the path of travel that might cause further injury should be considered. * ANS! Z358.1-2014, Appendix 85 2. One intervening door can be present so long as it opens in the same direction of travel as the person attempting to reach the emergency eyewash and shower equipment and the door is equipped with a closing mechanism that cannot be locked to impede access to the equipment (ie., the door is a panic door). Where the hazard is corrosive, consult with EH&S, * Good Practice per Stanford University EH&S + ANSI Z358.1-2014, Appendix BS Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 361682018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 4.5 Performance Requirements Emergency eyewash and shower equipment shall meet the requirements of ANSI Z358.1-2014. Control valves for all such equipment shall meet the requirements of ANSI Z358.1-2014. +B T8CCR, Section 5162 © B ANSI Z358.1.2014 4.6 Signage And Visibility 1, The path of travel shall be clearly identified with signage. Emergency eyewash and shower locations must be identified with a highly visible sign positioned so the sign is visible within the area served by eyewash and shower equipment. The areas around the eyewash or shower must be well lit. * B 2013 CPC, Section 416.4 © B ANSIZ358.1-2014, Section 4.5.3 * B ANSI Z358.1-2014, Section 5.4.3 2. Alarge contrasting spot (32” diameter) should be painted on, embedded in, or affixed to the floor directly beneath the shower to indicate its location and the area that must be kept free from any obstruction. * 8 Guidelines for Laboratory Design: Health, Safety, and Environmental Considerations +B Good Practice per Stanford University EH&S 4.7 Prohibitions Around Equipment 1 No obstructions shall be located within 16 inches from the center of the spray pattern of the emergency shower facility. Note: The eyewash is not considered an obstruction. * B T8CCR, Section 5162(c) * ANSI Z358.1-2014, Section 4.1.4 * B 2013 CPC, Section 416.1 2. No electrical apparatus or receptacles (electrical outlets) shall be located within a zone measured 3 feet horizontally and 8 feet vertically of eyewash stations or showers. Ifa 120-volt outlet or receptacle is present within 6 feet of an eyewash or shower, it shall be equipped with a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI). + NEC * Good Practice per Stanford University EH&S. This prevents potential electrical hazards posed when the water generated by the activated emergency eyewash/safety shower isin proximity to live electrical equipment. 4.8 Water Supply 1, Emergency eyewash and shower equipment shall not be limited in the water supply flow rates. Flow rate and discharge pattern shall be provided in accordance with ANSI Z358.1-2014. + 2013 CPC, Section 416.2 Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 37682018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 2. Emergency eyewash and shower equipment shall deliver tepid water (60-100°F). Optimal range is 60-77°F, based on first aid recommendations for thermal burns. ‘* B 2013 CPC, Section 416.2 © @ ANSIZ358,1-2014 ‘© B 2010 American Heart Association and American Red Cross Guidelines for First Aid 4.9 Design For Maintenance And Use 1, Shutoff valves The water supply to showers and/or shower/eyewash combination units should be controlled by a ball-type shutoff valve which is visible and accessible to shower testing personnel in the event of leaking or failed shower head valves. If shut off valves are installed in the supply line for maintenance purposes, provisions shall be made to prevent unauthorized shut off. © 8 Good Practice per Stanford EH&S © B ANSI Z358.1-2014, Section 6.4.5. This design will make maintenance easier. 2. Floor Di Where feasible, floor drains should be installed below or near safety showers, with the floor sloped sufficiently to direct water from the shower into the sanitary sewer drain. * Good Practice per Stanford EH&S * Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards, Updated Version Floor drains will minimize the potential for excessive flooding, which may damage laboratory facilities and equipment, interrupt laboratory operations, cause a reluctance to use the safety shower or to use it for a sufficient amount of time, and create a slipping hazard. Floor drains will also facilitate required monthly testing. ‘Any floor drain which may be in service during safety shower use shall be installed with a temporary plug which remains closed except when the shower is in use or protected from spills by a covered sump or berm system. * Palo Alto Municipal Code, 16.09.175(a)(3) The installation of a floor drain, temporary plug, covered sump, or berm shall not project into the walking surface so as to create a tripping hazard. Walkways shall be stable, planar, flush, and even to the extent possible. As a minimum level of care, changes in levels between 1/4 and 1/2 inch (6 and 12 mm) shall be beveled with a slope no greater than 1:2 (riserrun). Changes in levels greater than 1/2 inch shall be transitioned by means of a ramp or stairway that complies with applicable building codes, regulations, standards, or o not impede the flow of water from the emergency shower into the floor drain. ances, or all of these. The installation of a berm must = T8CCR 3273(a) ASTM F1637-13 3. Where feasible, eyewash basins should be plumbed to sanitary sewer drains. Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 381682018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety * B Good Practice per Stanford EH&S + Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards, Updated Version Drains will minimize the potential for excessive flooding, which may damage laboratory facilities and equipment, interrupt laboratory operations, cause a reluctance to use the eyewash or to use it for a sufficient amount of time, and create a slipping hazard. Drains will also facilitate required monthly testing. 4, Modesty curtains should be considered for emergency showers. When installed, a minimum unobstructed area of 34 inches shall be provided. +B Good Practice per Stanford EH&S +B ANSIZ358.1-2014, Section 4.3. The removal of contaminated clothing while using a safety shower is essential. Modesty curtains remove a potential impediment to use and encourage the removal of contaminated clothing. 4.10 Installation Emergency eyewash and shower equipment shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. + 2013 CPC, Section 416.3 4.11 Verification and Testing 1. Verification Upon installation Proper operation of the equipment must be verified by the contractor installing the emergency eyewash or shower equipment prior to project closeout and facility occupation. Verification procedures must be in accordance with ANS! 7358.1-2014. Tags to allow monthly testing records to be kept must be affixed to the showers and eyewash fountains, * ANSI 2358.1-2014 * Good Practice per Stanford University By testing the equipment, Stanford can be assured that it is working properly before the users begin their research, 2. Monthly Testing Plumbed eyewash and shower equipment shall be activated at least monthly to flush the line and to verify proper operation. Self-contained units shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. * T&CCR, Section 5162(e} 4.12 Self-Contained Units Self-contained emergency eyewash and shower equipment in lieu of plumbed equipment must be approved by EH&S. Such equipment shall meet all applicable requirements. * T&CCR, Section 5162 ANSI Z358.1-2014 Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 304682018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 4.13 Supplemental Equipment ‘Supplemental equipment, including personal eyewash units or drench hoses which meet the requirements of ANSI 7358,1-2014, Section 8 may support plumbed or self-contained units but shall not be used in lieu of them, Water hoses, sink faucets, or showers are not acceptable eyewash facilities. © BT8CCR, Section 5162(a) 4.14 Americans With Disabilities Act Compliance For compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, contact the Stanford University Diversity & Access Office, 5 Pressure Vessel Components and Systems and Compressed Gas Cylinders 5.1 Regulations, Standards and References * California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 8, Section 4650 * California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Section 3.18 * California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 9, Chapter 74, Section 7404, 8003, + NFPA 45, Chapter 8 * NFPA 99, Chapter 4 + NFPA 704, Chapter 2 * Santa Clara County Central Fire Protection District, Standard Details & Specification #S1-3 + STANFORD UNIVERSITY Administrative Policy Guide, Policy 550-11, 550-12 5.2 Scope The Guide applies to all Stanford University facilities, including leased properties. It covers all unfired pressure vessels (ie, storage tanks; compressed gas cylinders) that have been designed to operate at pressures above 15 psig., including the storage and use of compressed gas cylinders and cryogenic fluids. Note that there are numerous regulations governing the proper use of compressed gas cylinders; use is not addressed by the Guide, as itis a work practices issue, rather than design feature. 5.3 Storage of Compressed Gas Cylinders - General 1. Laboratory design shall include a storage area for cylinders of compressed gases where: * they are protected from external heat sources such as flame impingement, intense radiant heat, electric arc, or high temperature steam lines. * they are in a well protected, well ventilated, dry location, at least 20 feet from highly combustible materials, eR, Tile, Section a8sofo) FPA 99,4.3.11.2 (eR, Tile Section a6soyb) Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 401682018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 2. Adequate space shall be made available for the segregation of gases by hazard class. Flammable gases shall not be stored with oxidizing agents. Separate storage for full or empty cylinders is preferred, Such enclosures shall serve no other purpose, NFPAS8, Section 4-3.1.20)2 3. Design features which are prohibited: * Unventilated enclosures such as lockers, coldrooms and cupboards. CR, Title 8, Section 4650/4) Work practice issues: Oxygen cylinders shall not be stored near highly combustible materials, especially oil or grease, or near any other substance likely to cause or accelerate fire (per 8 CCR 4650(d)). 4, Liquefied fuel-gas cylinders shall be stored in an upright position so that the safety relief device is in direct contact with the vapor space in the cylinder at all times. acer ssote 5. The heating of flammable gas storage areas shall be indirectly heated, such as by air, tearm, hot water, etc. Good practice Cylinder Restraint Systems 6. Laboratory design shall include restraints for the storage of cylinders greater than 26 inches tall; the restraint system shall include at least 2 restraints (made of non- combustible materials), which are located at one-third and two-thirds the height of the cylinder. Santa Clara County Central Fire Protection District, Standard Detail & Specification #S-2 eR, Title, Section 4650 (e) (ce, Tile 19, Section 3.18 CR, Tile 24, Part 9, Section 7401.64 NEPA 45, 8.5 NFPA 99, 43.11.23 Arestraint system of chains, metal straps, or storage racks provides a reliable method of securing gas cylinders. Chains or metal straps at the bottom and top one third of each cylinder provides protection against tipping and falling. [Work Practice Note: When compressed gas cylinders in service, they shall be adequately secured by chains, metal straps, or other approved materials, to prevent cylinders from falling or being knocked over.] 7. The purchase and installation of compressed gas cylinder securing systems must be subject to review of EH&S. Good Practice pe Stanford EH&S Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 411682016023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety £14 can assist in identifying good quality securing systems. 8. Gas cylinder securing systems should be anchored to a permanent building member or fixture. ood Practice Connection to a permanent building member or fixture is needed to prevent movement during a seismic event. 5.4 Storage of Compressed Gas Cylinders - Toxic and Highly Toxic Gases Note: The following requirements apply to H-7 occupancies only. 1. Laboratory design shall incorporate storage capabilities of compressed gas cylinders of toxic and highly toxic gases per the following table. The number of lecture bottle cylinders [approximately 5 cm x 33 cm (2in. x 13 in,)} shall be limited to 25. Table 6-1 Te rR ml Pee eur Rae) ad ST MR i a ee MC MS a ety ered Space Sprinklered Space NFPA 45, Toble 8-1 Storage Systems 2. Laboratory design shall include one of the following storage systems for toxic and highly toxic compressed gas cylinders: * ventilated gas cabinets/exhausted enclosures/laboratory fume hoods; or * separate ventilated gas storage rooms without other occupancy or use, which have explosion control. CR, Title 24, Pare 9, Seton 4008.3, CR, Tite 24, Part, Section 8008.12 3. When gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures are provided they shall: 1. Be located in a room or area which has independent exhaust ventilation; 2. Operate at negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area; 3, Have self-closing limited access parts or noncombustible windows to provide access to equipment controls, with an average face velocity of at least 200 fpm and with a minimum of 150 fpm at any part of the access port or window; and with design criterion of 200 fpm at the cylinder neck when the average face velocity is >200 fpm. 4, Be connected to an exhaust system; 5. Have self-closing doors and be constructed of at least 0.097 inch (12 gauge) steel; 6. Be internally sprinklere Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 42168201823, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 7. Be seismically anchored; 8. Contain not more than 3 cylinders per gas cabinet, except where cylinder contents are 1 pound net or less, in which case gas cabinets may contain up to 100 cylinders; 9. Be fitted with sensors connected to alarms to notify in the event of a leak, or exhaust system failure. CCR, Title 24, Part 9, Section 8003.3.1.3.1, 8003.3.1.3.2, 8003.3.3.1.8 4, When separate gas storage rooms are provided they shall: 1. Operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area; 2. Direct the exhaust ventilation to an exhaust system. eR, Tile 24, Part 9, Section 80083.1.3.4 Treatment 5. Treatment systems for the exhaust of toxic and highly toxic gases must be reviewed and approved by EH&S. Co Toric Gos Ordinonce No, NS-517.44 EHS reviews treatment systems to ensure they are compliant with TGO requirements and are consistent. Emergency Power 6. Emergency power shall be provided for exhaust ventilation, gas-detection systems, emergency alarm systems, and temperature control systems. CR, Tle 24, Part 9, Section 0083.14 Detection system 7. Acontinuous gas detection system shall be provided for Class | and I! toxic gases regulated by Santa Clara County's Toxic Gas Ordinance to detect the presence of gas at or below the permissible exposure limit in occupiable areas and at or below ¥ the IDLH (or 0.05 LC50 if no established IDLH) in unoccupiable areas. The detection system shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to a constantly attended location. Activation of the monitoring system shall automatically close the shut-off valve on toxic and highly toxic gas supply lines to the system being monitored. eR, Tile 24, Part 9, Section 8003 3.1.8, 8003.3..7 Sco Toxic Gas Ordinance No. NS-S17.44 Guidance about the gases to be monitored, alarm set points, and where and how the alarms annunciate must be provided by the campus EH&S. 8. An approved supervised smoke detection system shall be provided in rooms or areas where highly toxic compressed gases are stored indoors. eR, Tile 24,Part 9, Section 80033.1.7 Security 9. Storage areas shall be secured against unauthorized entry. Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 431682018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety eR, Tile 24, Part 9, Section 7401.6.1 5.5 Storage of Compressed Gas Cylinders - Medical Gases 1 Enclosures such as L-hour interior and exterior rooms (detailed below) must be provided for supply systems cylinder storage or manifold locations for oxidizing agents such as oxygen and nitrous oxide. Such enclosures must be constructed of an assembly of building materials with a fire-resistive rating of at least 1 hour and must not communicate directly with anesthetizing locations. CCR, Tile, 8, Section 46504) NFPA 99, Sections 4-3.1.1.20).2 Other nonflammable (inert) medical gases may be stored in the enclosure. Flammable gases shall not be stored with oxidizing agents. Storage of full or empty cylinders is permitted, Such enclosures shall serve no other purpose. 2. A 1-hour exterior room shall be a room or enclosure separated from the rest of the building by not less than 1-hour- rated fire-resistive construction. Openings between the room or enclosure and interior spaces shall be smoke-and draft-control assemblies having no less than a 1-hour fire-protection rating. Rooms shall have at least one exterior wall provided with at least two vents. Each vent shall not be less than 36 square inches in area. One vent shall be within 6 inches of the floor and one shall be within 6 inches of the ceiling. Containers of medical gases shall be provided with at least one fire sprinkler to provide container cooling in case of fire. eR, Tile 24, Part 9, Section 7404212 3. When an exterior wall cannot be provided for the room, automatic sprinklers shall be installed within the room. The room shall be exhausted through a duct to the exterior. Makeup air to the room shall be taken from the exterior. Both separate air streams shall be enclosed in a 1-hour-rated shaft enclosure from the room to the exterior. Approved mechanical ventilation shall be in accordance with the California Mechanical Code and provided at a minimum rate of 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot of the room area. CR, Title 24, Part 3 Section 74042.1.3 OR, Tie 24, Part, Section 74062.13 4, Medical gas system cabinets shall be in accordance with the following: a. Operated at a negative pressure in relation to surrounding area, b. Provided with self-closing, limited-access ports or noncombustible windows to give access to equipment controls. The average velocity of ventilation at the face of access ports or windows shall not be less than 200 feet per minute, with a minimum of 150 feet per minute at any point of the access port or window, . Connected to an exhaust system, d, Provided with a self-closing door, e. Constructed of not less than 0.097-inch (12 gauge) steel, and Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 441682018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety £. Internally sprinklered, CR, Tile 24, Part, Section 7406214 5.6 Design of Systems and Apparatus for Cryogenic Fluids 1. The position of valves and switches for emergency shutdowns shall be accessible and clearly labeled. Good practice 2. Uninsulated pipes or vessels should be positioned and/or identified to prevent inadvertent contact with an unprotected part of the body. Good practice 3. Critical vent areas should be covered, or pointed down (i.e., Dewar necks and pressure reliefs) 4, Portable cryogenic containers are required to be individually secured with a minimum of 1 (one) restraint. Restraint material can be combustible or non-combustible but must be strong enough to prevent the dewar from shifting during aseismic event. Reference 2001 Calf Fre Code Sec. 7501.83 5.7 Design of Pressure Vessels and Systems 1. Normal and emergency relief venting and vent piping for pressure vessels should be adequate an in accordance with the design of the vessel. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for Unficed Pressure Vessels CCR Chapter 4 Subchoptert 6 Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets 6.1 Regulations, Standards and References California Code of Regulations (CCR, Tite 8, Article 14, Sections 5531-5540 California Fre Code Section 7902 ‘NFPA 30 chopter4 6.2 Scope Flammable liquid storage cabinets are intended for the storage of flammable and combustible liquids. This Guide applies to all Stanford University facilities, including leased properties. It covers the design, construction, and installation of Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets; the Guide does not address the proper use of Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets. Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 451682018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 6.3 Design Approval/Submittal 1, Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets must be UL listed and must meet California Fire Code requirements, ood Practice UL listing and EH&S approval assures a minimum level of quality consistent with code requirements and good practice. Cabinet Capability 2. Where flammable liquid storage cabinets are required, they shall be designed such that they do not exceed 120 gallons for the combined total quantity of all liquids (ie., Classes 1, 2, and 3). (ch, Tile 24,Part 9, Section 790259.2 NFPA 30, chapter 42.1 [Note: The 60-gallon limit for Classes 1 and 2 liquids has been deleted in Section 7902.5.9.2 of the 1998 California Fire Code i.e., CCR, Title 24, Part 9). While NFPA 30 Chapter 4-3.1 still contains the limit, it is preempted by the California Fire Code ands therefore not enforceable] One or more Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets are required for laboratories which store, use, or handle more than 10 gallons of flammable or combustible liquids. eR, Title 24, Part 9, Article 73 Labeling 3. Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets shall be conspicuously labeled in red letters on contrasting background “FLAMMABLE - KEEP FIRE AWAY.” (eR, Tile 8 Section 553346) (ce, Tile 24, Part 9, Section 790259.3.1 NEPA 30, chapter 4.3.5 4, When flammable or combustible liquids present multiple hazards, the laboratory design shall address the storage requirements for each hazard CR, Tile 24, Part 9, Section 7902 California Fre Code Section 8001.11.8 For example, acetic acid is a corrosive and flammable material. Therefore, if stored in a flammable cabinet with other flammable materials, it must be segregated through the use of separate barriers (e.g., secondary containment), Incompatible material shall not be stored within the same cabinet. 6.4 Construction Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 461682018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety Materials 1. New Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets must be constructed of steel. Good Practice pe Stanford Univesity EH&S Wood cabinets are not UL listed or EH&S approved. 2. Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets shall be constructed as follows: a. Minimum wall thickness of 0.044 inches (18 gauge). b. Double walled construction with a minimum air gap of 1-1/2-inches between the walls including the door, top, bottom, and sides. . Tight-fitting joints, welded or riveted. d. Liquid-tight bottom with a door sill of at least 2 inches. e. Three-point latch on doors. CCR, Title 8, Section 5533 CCR, Title 24, Part 9, Section 790259.3 NEPA 30, Section 4-336) Doors 3. Cabinet doors shall be self-closing and self-latching, eR, Tile 24, Part 9, Section 79025332 Venting 4, Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets are not required to be vented except for odor control of malodorous materials. Vent openings shall be sealed with the bungs supplied with the cabinet or with bungs specified by the manufacturer of the cabinet. If vented, cabinet should be vented from the bottom with make-up air supplied to the top. It shall be vented outdoors to an approved location or through a flame arrester to a fume hood exhaust system. Construction of the venting duct should be equal to the rating of the cabinet. NFPA 30, chapter 4.24 NEPA 39, chapter 10:7.23 6.5 Location 1. Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets shall NOT be located near exit doorways, stairways, or ina location that would impede egress. eR, Tile 24, Part 9, Section 790255 2. Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets must NOT be wall mounted. Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 470682018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety ood Practice per Stanford Univesity HES Wall mounted cabinets are not UL Listed or Fire Marshal Approved. 3. Laboratory design must ensure that Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets are NOT located near an open flame or other ignition source Good Practice per Stanford Univesity 8S ‘An open flame or other ignition source could start a fire or cause an explosion if an accident or natural disaster brought the ignition source and flammable liquids or vapors together. 7 Hazardous Materials Storage 7.1 Regulations California Code of Regulations ("CCR Tile , Section $194, Tones California Code of Reguotions, Title 24, Port, Uniform Fire Code California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Port 2, Uniform Building Code 7.2 Scope This design guide applies to the storage of hazardous materials. As noted in the introduction, the use of hazardous materials has direct bearing on the design of the laboratory; hence the research operations should be well understood in the planning phases when designing the laboratory's hazardous materials storage. 7.3 Requirements 1. Laboratory design shall include spill control and secondary containment for the storage of hazardous materials liquids in accordance with the requirements of Uniform Fire Code Sections 8003.1.3. (eR, Tile Section 5164 Notes: (a) Design must allow for substances which, when mixed, react violently, or evolve toxic vapors or gasses, or which in combination become hazardous by reason of toxicity, oxidizing power, flammability, explosibility, or other properties, to be separated from each other in storage by distance, by partition, or otherwise, so as to preclude accidental contact between them. (b) Explosion control shall be provided as required by Uniform Fire Code Section 8003.17 for storage of non-exempt quantities of the following materials: 1 Highly toxic flammable or toxic flammable gases when not stored in gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or gas, rooms. 2. Combusible dusts. Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 481682018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety 3. Class 4 oxidizers 4, Unclassified detonable and Class 1 organic peroxides. 5, Pyrophoric gases, 6. Class 3 and 4 unstable (reactive) materials. 7. Class 2 and 3 water-reactive solids and liquids. 2. When the hazardous materials stored in a control area are not in excess of the amounts specified in the tables below, such storage shall conform to the Building Code requirements for Group 8 Occupancy. (Please refer to Table 3-D, Table 3-£)) CR, Tile 24, Pare2, Section 304 CR, Tile 24, Part 2, Section 307, Cen, Tile 24,Part2, Table 30, 3 (eR, Tile 24, Part 9, Table 6001. 13-8 3. When the hazardous materials stored in a control area exceed the amounts specified in Table 3-E below, such storage shall conform to the Building Code requirements for Group H, Division 7 (*H-7") Occupancy. (ce, Tile 24, Part 2, Section 307 ce, Title 24,Part2, Table 3 4, When the hazardous materials stored in laboratories and similar areas used for s ntific experimentation or research are not in excess of the tables below and are not otherwise classified as Group B Occupancies, shall conform to the Building Code requirements for Group H, Division 8 (“H-8") Occupancy. (Please refer to Table, H-8 Occupancy Storage Exempt Amounts for Lab Suites) (ce, Tile 24,Part2, Section 307 eR, Title 24,Part2, Table 3.0.1, 31 (Notes: A laboratory suite is a space up to 10,000 square feet (929 square meters), bounded by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation within which the exempt amounts of hazardous materials may be stored, dispensed, handled or used. Up through the third floor and down through the first basement floor, the quantity in this table shall apply. Fourth, fifth and sixth floors and the second and third basement floor level quantity shall be reduced to 75 percent of this table. The seventh through the 10th floor and below the third basement floor level, quantity shall be reduced to 50 percent of this table.) 7.4 Procedures The following permitting and reporting procedures have design and project approval implications for any facilities project. 1. California Building Code Chemical Inventory Report Procedure As noted in this and other sections, the quantity of hazardous chemicals planned for use and storage within a project area has a direct impact on how the project is Intps:fonsstanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 491682018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety designed, This procedure should be implemented at the point that a form lis submitted. The end result of the procedure is a summarized report showing the quantities of hazard classes planned for a project compared to the California Building Limits shown in Appendix 1 of this section. Contact the Stanford fire Marshal for further information. 2. Hazardous Materials Business Plan permit County of Santa Clara Ordinance 11 Cityof Plo Ate Municipal Code chapter 17 Every building at Stanford that stores chemicals must have a Hazardous Materials Business Plan permit from the city or county of jurisdiction before chemicals can be brought into the building. The Hazardous Materials Program Division of the Environmental Health and Safety Department submits these plans in order obtain a permit. However, itis the project proponent’s responsibility to provide the necessary information to EH&S for inclusion in the plan. An annual permit fee is required based on the quantities of materials stored 3. BAAQMD New Source exemption or permit evaluation BAMQMD Rute 2, regulation 5 Laboratory ventilation and fume hoods and some other laboratory equipment are considered sources of air pollution All “new or modified sources” must obtain an “authority to construct” from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) unless the source is exempt. Allteaching laboratories are categorically exempt. Research laboratory projects with less than 25,000 net square feet or 50 fume hoods that implement “good laboratory practices” are categorically exempt. Research laboratory projects with greater than 25,000 net square feet or 50 fume hoods must implement “good laboratory practices” and pass a risk screen conducted by the University and reviewed by the BAAQMD to be exempt. Ifthe risk screen is not passed various mitigations must be considered. Generally even large laboratory projects pass the risk screen. Contact the Environmental Programs Division of Environmental Health and Safety for guidance and assistance. 4, Hazardous Waste Generator “permit” for “off campus” facilities Projects within the “campus site” are covered by the University’s existing Hazardous Waste Generator “permit”, Projects that are “off site” must obtain a Hazardous Waste Generator “permit” before procedures that result in chemical wastes can be conducted. Contact the Hazardous Waste Division of Environmental Health and Safety for guidance and assistance. 5. Regional Water Quality Control Plant permit documentation requirements All projects must be reviewed by the Stanford Utilities Department if a new connection is made to the sanitary sewer. The University holds a comprehensive permit for the main campus within the County of Santa Clara boundaries. Separate permits are held for the Medical School areas within the City of Palo Alto boundaries and for “off campus” facilities. The Stanford Utilities Department Environmental Quality staff must review all projects involving wet lab construction or renovation. Itis the project's responsibility to provide the information necessary for obtaining the permits. Sewer connections cannot be made until the building permit documentation has been submitted to the Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 501682018723, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines ~ Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety Stanford Utilities Department Environmental Quality staff. The Stanford Utilities Environmental Quality staff will coordinate the review and submittals with the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant, as necessary. 7.5 Tables “Table 3-0 (Storage) MATERIAL Sa ee Tenor) owe T 7 Ww 7 77 Sprinklered (oe Cabinet) NA 240 NA Cabinet (non-sprink) NA 240 NA Cabnet, Scrinhered NA 60 NA TEA Base NA 330 Na Spraklered (no Cabinet) NA 660 NA Cabnet (non-spri) NA 660 NA Cabinet, Spinkered NA 1320 NA =} Base WA a} Na Sprinkler (6 Cabinet) NA NL Nm abet (non-spink) NA 26400 NaA Cabnet, Sprinkored NA NL NA ja Fer Tae THOT WK WE Sprnkierea (ne Cabinet) (00) NA NA Cabnet (non-serirkc) (100) NA NA Cabnet, Sprinered (100) NA NA Saat Base ‘C1000 A Wa Sprinklered (ne Cabinet) ‘(1000) NA Na Cabinet (non-speirk) (1000), NA NA Cabnet, Sprinkered 1000) NA NA Groner Base Spriniiered (ro Cabne) NA = NA NA “5 NA Cabinet (oon-epeink ) NA 45 NA Cabnet. Sprinkered NA s NA “Tipkahes Base Sprntlered Go Copsey ON 1 a NA (2 note Cabinet (non-sprine) 0 0 NA below) Cabnet, Sprinkiered 2 2) NA Flammable Sold Base Sprintered (no Cabney) 125 WA NA 250 NA NA Cabinet (nor-sprinc) 250 NA NA Cabnet, Sprtores 500. NA NA Gana Cae 2 7 Sprinklered (ne Cabinet) NA 20 500 Cabinet (non-sprin) NA 30 1500 Cabnet, Sprinklered NA © 3000 Note: One pound of black sporting powder and 20 pounds of smokeless powder are permitted in either sprinkled or non-sprinkled buildings. Table 3-D (Storage)-Continued Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 511682018023, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety Flammable Liquid Tx Bese Na a NE Sprinlered (no Cabinet) NA © NA Cabinet (non-sprink) NA cy NA Cebit, spentsarea NA 120 NA = Base NA = NA ‘Sprinklered (no Cabine’) NA 120 NA ‘Cobinat (n0n-oprink) NA 120 NA Cebit, Spenklares NA 200 Nx 1 Base NA NR Sprinklered (no Cabinel) NA 120 NA Cabinet (non-sprink) NA 180 NA Cebinet, Spenkdored NA 380 NA Flanmavle Ligue (Combnaton) Base NA 120 NA ‘Spriniered (00 Cabinel) NA 20 NA Cabinet (con-sprnk) NA 240 Na Cabinet Sprnideres NA 0 Nix Trganis Paronisa, unclassified, CounaaDle Base 0 ° Ni Sprinklared (no Cabinet) 1 @ NA (Cabinet (no™sorine) 9 0 NA Cabinet. Sprinklered 2 2 NA igen Panto T Base 3 a WA Sprinkered (n0 Cabinet) 10 (oy NA (Cabinet (son-aprink ) 70 } NA Cabinet, Sprikleres 20. (@) NA 7 oo 30 Coy Nm Sprinkered (no Cabinet) 100 (00) NA Cabinet (ron sprink) 400 (400) Na Canine Sorinklered 200. (200) NA 7 Base 125. (25) N& Sprnklsred (no Cabinet) 250 (30) NA Cabinet (oon-sprink) 250 (30) NA Cabinet, Spenklered 500 (00) NA 7 Base 3007 @00)_ NR ‘Sprinléered (90 Cabinet) 1000 (1000) NA ‘Cabinet (oor-sprink) 000 (4000) Na ‘Cobinet, Sprnkleree ‘2000 (2200) NA, v Base ND NL We Sprinidered (no Cabinet NC AL NA (Cabinet (oon-aprink) NL NE NA Cabinet, Sprnklerec NL. NL NA Table 3-D (Storage)-Continued Intps:fons.stanford.odulmanvallaboratorystandard-lesign-uidelines 521682018123, 15:38 Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford Environmental Healt & Safety MATERIAL Onazer 4 Base ° NA Sprinkle (6 Cabinet) o NA Cabinet [non-sprink.) 0 NA Cabinet, Sprinkered 2) NA 3 Base Tior NA Spirsleved (no Cabinet) (29) NA Cabinet (non-

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