Title: Calculator using logic gates

Course instructor: Mam kunwal Saeed

Comsats University Islamabad Wah Campus

Group Members:

Attiq Ur Rehman (reg no: FA22-BEE-009)

Muhammad Sufyan (reg no: FA22-BEE-020)

Ali Sher (reg no: FA22-BEE-024)

Mashood Ur Rehman (reg no: FA22-bee-013)

INTRODUCTION:
In the digital age, calculators have become an integral part of our lives. From
performing simple arithmetic calculations to complex mathematical operations,
calculators assist us in various fields, including education, engineering, finance, and
more. The underlying technology behind calculators relies heavily on digital logic
circuits, specifically logic gates.

The purpose of our project is to design and construct a basic calculator using logic
gates. This project serves as a practical application of the concepts we have learned in
our course on digital electronics. By building a calculator from scratch, we aim to
deepen our understanding of logic gates and their functionality.

The project involves utilizing different logic gates such as AND, OR, XOR, and NOT
gates, combined with sequential logic circuits, to create a functional calculator. The
input from the user, consisting of numeric values and arithmetic operations, is processed
through these logic gates, allowing the calculator to perform the desired calculations.
The results are then displayed on a digital screen or LED display.

OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of our project is to design and implement a basic calculator using
logic gates. We aim to showcase the fundamental principles of digital logic and
 demonstrate the practical application of logic gates in constructing a functional
calculator. This project serves as a hands-on learning experience to deepen our
understanding of digital electronics and circuit design.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The basic calculator operates by utilizing various logic gates such as AND, OR, XOR,
and NOT gates, combined with sequential logic circuits. The input from the user,
consisting of numeric values and arithmetic operations, is processed through the logic
gates to perform the desired mathematical calculations. The output is then displayed on
a digital screen or LED display.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. Logic Gates: We will require various logic gates such as AND, OR, XOR, and NOT
gates. These gates can be implemented using discrete components or integrated circuits
(ICs).
2. Sequential Logic Circuits: To handle arithmetic operations, sequential logic circuits like
adders and subtractors are necessary.
3. Input Devices: We will utilize input devices such as buttons or a keypad to input
numeric values and arithmetic operations.
4. Output Display: An output display device is required to show the calculated results.
This can be an LED display, a digital screen, or any other suitable display technology.
5. Power Supply: A stable power supply is needed to ensure the proper functioning of the
calculator circuit.

APPLICATION:
The basic calculator we have developed has numerous practical applications. It can be
used by students, professionals, and individuals from various fields to perform basic
arithmetic operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. This
calculator serves as a foundation for more advanced calculators and digital systems.

In conclusion, our project aims to demonstrate the construction and operation of a basic
calculator using logic gates. We have outlined the objective, working principle,
applications, and components required for the successful implementation of this project.
We are grateful for your guidance throughout this project, which has immensely
contributed to our understanding of digital electronics.

CUIRCUIT DIAGRAM: