Components of an Operating systems

1.kernel 3. file system

2.user interface 4. device drivers

1.kernel
The central component of an operating system is kernel. System
resources are managed by kernel. Kernel provides system calls for
interacting with the system. And also, essential services of an
operating system are provided by kernel. So, kernel can be introduced
as the heart of operating system.

application

Operating system
kernel

CPU Memory Devices

Parts of kernel

 Process management
There are many processes to handling for operating system. Those
processes may have been created by user, operating system or
another process. Whatever operating system have to schedule time,
distributes resources such as CPU, I/O devices, memory for those
process. These services are provided by kernel. So, kernels do a main
part of process management.

 Memory management
Computers have memories. These memories can be divided as main
memory, secondary memory and ROM. Kernel allocates main
memory for process and end of the process deallocate the memory.
Sometimes when there is not enough space in main memory, kernel
allocate the virtual memory for process. And kernel protects
memories from unauthorized access.

 I/O management
This component provides services related to input output devices.
input output devices are hardware devices. Kernel can handle
hardware devices from connecting with device drivers. If the user
needs to input or output some data or values, kernel provides
chance to user for use input output devices.
 2.user interface
User can not direct connect with computer. So, the operating system
provides an interface to user for interacting with computer. User
interface can be categorized as CLI (command line interface) and GUI
(graphical user interface). GUI interfaces are user friendly more than
CLI interfaces. Because user should have command knowledge to
using CLI interfaces.

user
Operating system

Interface

3.file system
Operating systems use file system for organize and store file in hard
disk or SSD. File system maintains all file keeping details about all files
such as name, size, location, date of creation and modifying. And also
the file system manages disk space for efficient file use. There are
several types of file system. Those are listed as follows.
 FAT
 NTFS
 Ext4
 APFS
 4.device driver
Device driver is a software. It is the interface between hardware
devices and the kernel. Operating system can interact with hardware
from using device driver. Device drivers help to continue the
interaction from transferring data between hardware and operating
system.

KPH Udaya kumara

226066B