FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERING II

“TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM”

PROGRAMME: AP116

GROUP: 4I

NAME MATRI NUMBER

Muhammad Afnan Bin Che Kadir 2019245544
Muhammad Naqiyyudin Bin Mohd Hazman 2019417096
Luqmanul Hakim Bin Zailani 2019284398
Amir Mirza Bin Zaifoll Anuar 2019262292

PREPARED FOR:
SITI JAMIAH TUN BINTI JAMIL

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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First, all praises to Allah, the Most Gracious and Merciful, for the strengths and
blessing that have enabled us to complete this undertaking. With the support of
numerous people, this project was able to completed.

Furthermore, we wanted to express our gratitude and thanks to our favourite

instructor, Siti Jamiah Tun Binti Jamil, who has always been kind and encouraging
throughout the process of completing this project. This project was finished with the
help of everyone in the group, and even though there were a few issues, we were able
to work together to solve the problems and barriers.

Moreover, we would like to express our gratitude to the administration of

Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia for providing the essential equipment for the
completion of this project. In addition, we like to express our gratitude to everyone
who was involved in the project’s completion, whether directly or indirectly.

Last but not least, we want to express our gratitude to our group, because
throughout the process of finishing this project, we always supported and committed
to one another, and we also shared many lovely and priceless moments.

TABLE OF CONTENT

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1.0 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................4
2.0 TYPES OF THE SYSTEM.................................................................................5-6
3.0 INSTALLATION AND/OR REQUIREMENT OF THE SYSTEM...............7-8
4.0 OPERATION OF THE SYSTEMS.......................................................................9
5.0 RELATED PHOTOGRAPHS........................................................................10-11
6.0 CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................12
7.0 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………. 13

1.0 INTRODUCTION

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 “Tele” is a Greek word meaning “At a distance”. It shows long distance
transmission of information without content change. All telecommunication systems
consist of senders, channels and receivers. Analog or digital signals transmit data in
the form of carrier waves to transfer information. The telecommunication system in
Malaysia is very sophisticated from year to year because the technology in this
country is reaching an innovative country.

Telecommunication systems in Peninsular Malaysia are covered by fixed and

wireless infrastructure such as fiber networks, Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
(ADSL) networks, mobile base stations, earth stations and microwave link stations.

Telecommunications involves the exchange of information remotely using

various types of technologies including telephones, telegraphs, radios so on. Whether
transmitting through physical mediums such as signal cables or electromagnetic
waves. A good telecommunication system consists of transmitters and receivers that
can convey information accurately, quickly and efficiently. This is also the case in
high-rise buildings and more importantly as well as complex in these cases as the
system needs to provide efficient telecommunication services to every user in high-
rise buildings as KLCC.

2.0 TYPES OF THE SYSTEM

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 Figure 1.1 PETRONAS Twin Tower
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Petronas_Panorama_II.jpg/12
00px-Petronas_Panorama_II.jpg)

In order to explain the building's telecommunication system, our group chose the
office located in the PETRONAS Twin Tower. The Petronas Towers are one of the
world's most recognisable architectural structures. The Petronas Skyscrapers, also
known as the Petronas Twin Towers, are the highest twin towers in the world and are
located at the centre of Kuala Lumpur. The overall height of the twin tower from the
ground to the peak is about 379 metres, with antennas adding an additional 74 metres.
The PETRONAS Twin Tower are primarily made up of companies and corporate
entities, an effective communication system is critical to efficiency (Brandi,2001).
PETRONAS Twin Tower connectivity is supplied from the main subscriber
distribution frame to the end-user workstations, reducing the need for re-cabling and
cable removal. The type of telecommunication system obtained from the PETRONAS
Twin Tower building is optical telecommunication.

Computer engineers on the project assisted in the design of a complex array of

structured cabling system consisting of vertical and horizontal cabling, inter-building
cabling that allows inter-building communication and connection to outside
telecommunications carrier companies, and pre-planned throughout the Towers. The
Central Telecommunications Office (CTO) on-site manages all communication needs
within the tower and connects it to the outside world. Because the speed of

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information transfer was an issue, the CTO was linked to several exchange routes and
carrier providers. This is done to make sure that when there is a lot of traffic, the
network does not crash or severely slow down. The CTO offers video conferencing, e-
mail, and phone services to users (Brandi, 2001). The system is designed as a local
loop communications system, with direct connections from the main subscriber
distribution frame to the end user through a high-speed fibre-optic network capable of
handling cutting-edge information technology applications (Ritchie & Stern, 1991).

3.0 INSTALLATION AND/OR REQUIREMENT OR THE SYSTEM

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 Distribution cables of appropriate sizes are run from the basement's Main
Distribution Frame (MDF) to the various floors. Install one or more vertical ducts that
go from the basement to the top of the structure. Each vertical duct should be
positioned in the middle of the distribution area. A limit on the number of cables that
can be run from a riser to the telephone instruments in a single horizontal duct.

The number of risers and their placement should then be such that no
telephone outlet requires more than 328m of cable to connect to one. By the time they
were built, the network infrastructure had been integrated into the structure. A
building security system, fire alarm system, building control for air conditioning,
lights, and elevators, and a building information system that will monitor the other
three primary control networks make up the four main control networks.

Optical fiber is required because it is protocol independent and allows for high
transmission rates across vast distances. In addition, almost 2,000 miles of fiber cable
were built, with fiber running to each of the buildings' workstations. For the
horizontal and backbone wiring, a variety of composite and hybrid cables were
developed. The network's backbone is made up of two types of composite fiber
cables: one with 24 multimode and 6 single-mode fibers, and the other with 12
multimode and 6 single-mode fibers.

In addition, the towers have 17,000 workstations. Installers had to stick to a

tight installation timetable while avoiding the potential for confusion caused by the
large number of cables running to each workstation. A custom-designed hybrid cable
comprising three four- pair UTP cables and two corning fibre simplex cables inside a
PVC jacket was the solution. Hybrid cables eliminate the need for two or three
different wires to each individual workstation, reducing installation time and
simplifying the process.

The benefits of employing hybrid and composite cables include a reduction in

the number of drops required, decreased labor costs, improved cable administration

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and maintenance, and the tiny size of the fibre allowed for tighter cable management
and maintenance. The benefits of employing hybrid and composite cables include a
reduction in the number of drops required, lower labor costs, better cable
administration and maintenance, and the small size of the fiber allows for tight cable
construction, saving significant riser and conduit space.

4.0 OPERATION OF THE SYSTEMS

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 Unlike copper wire-based transmission, which relies exclusively on electrical
impulses traveling through the cable, fiber optics transmission involves the
transmission of light signals from one place to another. A fiber optic communication
network also includes sending and receiving equipment, a light source, and detector
devices, such as those depicted in the diagram.

The transmitter circuitry turns the input data, which is in the form of electrical
signals, into a light signal with the help of a light source. For efficient transmission,
the amplitude, frequency, and phases of this LED source must remain constant and
free of fluctuation. A fiber optic cable carries the light beam from the source to the
destination circuitry, where the information is converted back to an electrical signal
by a receiver circuit.

Figure 1.2 Working of Fiber-optic communication

A photodetector and a suitable electronic circuit make up the receiver circuit,

which can measure the magnitude, frequency, and phase of the optic field. This
method of communication use wavelengths just above the visual range, approaching
the infrared region. Depending on the application, both LED and Laser can be
employed as light sources.

5.0 RELATED PHOTOGRAPHS

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 Figure 1.3 The picture shows how Optical Fibre Communication works
(https://circuitdigest.com/sites/default/files/inlineimages/u1/Fiber-Optic-Communication-
working.jpg)

Figure 1.4 The picture shows an example of a central office room

(https://networkencyclopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/telco-central-office-co.jpg)

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 Figure 1.5 The picture shows the vertical and horizontal cabling
(https://community.fs.com/blog/horizontal-cabling-vs-backbone-cabling.html)

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 Figure 1.6 Communication networks and local loop
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Local_Loop.jpg)

6.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion globally, communication systems especially wireless are something

that people can expect as technological advances are evolving from year to year.
Therefore, more research and studies are done to strengthen the existing system so
that the frequent problems related to communication, especially wireless, can be
reduced and improved for the advancement of the increasingly sophisticated world.

Understanding telecommunications will allow managers to transfer information

as well as connect with suppliers, customers and communities as well as other people
and stakeholders around the world remotely. All this to achieve a common goal.
Clearly, no telecommunications system is universally applicable to managers within a
country, region or globally but must be tailored to the needs of organizational
managers.

The world of telecommunications is changing fast. Changes in the world of

telecommunications are pushing for more roles in the telecommunications network
management system as indirectly there will be new job opportunities. Wireless
technology will become very important in the near future in human daily life that is to
make it a necessity to connect and replace work on paper and pen will end anyway.

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 7.0 REFERENCES

Brandi Henry, 1 July 2001. The Petronas Towers. Retrieved from

https://illumin.usc.edu/the-petronas-towers/

W. K. Ritchie & J. R. Stern, 1991. Telecommunications Local Networks. Retrieved

from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-94-011-1534-6

Fiber Optic Communication System : Basic Elements & Its Working. ElProCus -
Electronic Projects for Engineering Students. Published March 6, 2014. Accessed July
3, 2021.
https://www.elprocus.com/basic-elements-of-fiber-optic-communication-system-and-
its-working/

Hoo J. Building services-power-point. Slideshare.net. Published 2015. Accessed July

3, 2021. https://www.slideshare.net/jeannetyng/building-servicespowerpoint

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