NMIMS Global Access

School for Continuing Education (NGA-SCE)

Course: Organisational Behaviour

Internal Assignment Applicable for December 2022 Examination

Assignment Marks: 30
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q.1.
Ans –

Introduction
As per the mentioned scene in respective questions, Amar works with an IT company as a
project coordinator and Ajay is his boss who is leading the team and his subordinates to
execute the assigned project work as per the hierarchy in corporate business. And Ajay
directs the Amar to work in the project and also want that Amar should be stay and work
beyond office working hours. And Despite of that Ajay reprimanded to Amar to do work
effectively over minor mistakes in front of the entire team, and such scenario is indicating at
the Leadership conducting by Dictators.
Concept and Applications
In such scenario here is indicating the relationship between the employee and Employer.
Looking at the scenario as Amar is working in effective manner as his job description by
using his skills and abilities and as a boss Ajay’s attitude and Behaviour for his employees
and subordinates, it looking like that Ajay is an autocratic Leader with rude and arrogant
attitudes who pressurize the employees to do more works than their working hours and
because of that here it seems like the Ajay as a boss having so many pitfalls in his leadership
activities it’s just like Dictatorship.
With a perspective of this mentioned situations about the Amar work and Leaders are
individual person who is make the direction for a working group of individuals employees
who has committed from this group of members to motivate and lead to execute the
projects work and the employee among the group expect to achieve the directions for
outcomes.
With this scenario Ajay is seems like a very rude and dictators’ behaviors with their
employees and he wants to accomplish the work according to his way and his style without
taking any consideration and with other persons point of view and concept about the work.
So, his Behaviour and direction to their employees is seem like an autocrat leader and
arrogant person.
Just like a dictator who does not want to understand to anyone, and he want all his
employee should follow him as per his orders and without any consideration about his
subordinates and their thinking. Such dictator and autocratic leader who is very adamant
and don’t want to listen from their subordinates and can never motivate them while
working. As such behavior of the Group Leader is make the impact on the output of the
company objectives, as such the intelligence among the employees is not connected to the
company because deserving employees is not heard and not noticed by such autocratic
leader who want to rule his methods, and the deserving employee will never feel motivate
and encouraged to do work hard and make the commitment.
Autocratic leaders are dilute the working culture among the employees who really wants to
do work hard with their intelligence and such employee becomes the disappoint with such
working culture and never get motivated to give the desired output against the company
objectives. As its result that the Teams confidence and output is goes down and employee
gets demoralized. Behavior like Ajay as a boss or group leader is showing the Pitfalls of
company group leader in front of all employees and stakeholders.
As a leader Ajay shall be motivate the team, take all of them into all kind of consideration
about their new concept and ideas relates to their assigned project works, he should be
maintaining friendly working culture towards his employees and subordinates. If any team
member has made the mistakes, leader should try to correct it and train their employees for
any kind of work before assign the projects. He should develop the confidence level among
their employees to learn new things and implement it wherever is applicable.
The true and accurate direction by leaders will help to achieve the good results in their work
and team can achieve the company goals with desired results. As per mentioned scene, the
Ajay has reprimanded the Amar for his minor mistakes in front of the entire team and this is
very wrong behavior with Amar and such a major pitfall by Ajay showing in Team. As a
opposite way Ajay can ask the Amar in polite manner, what is reason behind the mistakes
and how he can avoid it in further activities to make effective work.
Following are some the Pitfalls developed in Team by Autocratic leadership
1. Trust Lackness
2. Ineffective communication
3. Conflict without resolution
4. No accountability for work
5. No feedback by Team

Conclusion
As a Team leader, Ajay must be shown some politeness with their employees and guide
them to execute their project work in effective manner. The autocratic and arrogant
Behaviour with the employees and subordinates is resulting the unfriendly and un-
professional working culture is developed by this employee become demotivate and
demoralized about their performance and because of this its impacted negatively on the
company output. Hence Ajay should not behave like an Autocratic leader.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q.2.
Ans –

Introduction
As per the mentioned scenario Sameer is Team leader in a multinational company and as a
good team leader, Sameer is always appreciated and award their team members when they
performed the exceptional work and complete the task to serve the customers. Sameer
believes to encourage the good behavior and maintain the friendly working culture among
the team. Sameer has good communication and situation handling skill so will handle the
complex situations and guide the team to perform well and this skill of Sameer is helping to
avoid the conflict among the team and undesirable behavior. Sameer has trained his team to
perform the job activity in effective manner with maintaining the good working culture and
he Reinforcement the team to maintain the good Behaviour among the team. To Reinforce
the team, Sameer needs to use the Reinforcement Theory.
Concept and Applications
Reinforcement theory was first recognized in the work of psychologist by Ivan Pavlov.
Reinforcement theory refers that the “Behavior is driven by its consequences.” It means the
human behavior is directed and designed by its consequences which happened in future
because of present behavior. Humans are realized the consequences and control and
manage their behavior with society and to make such changes among the team members,
the leaders need to set some parameters, and this is called Reinforcement.
It states that individual’s Behaviour is a result of its consequences. It is based on “law of
effect that individual’s Behaviour with positive consequences that shall be repeated, but
individual’s Behaviour with negative consequences shall not to be repeated.
Reinforcement theory of relates to the individual thinking that the person feelings and drives
the Behaviour of individual. This theory focused on the behavior of the individual’s action
and observe what happens when and individuals make some action in positive or negative
manner. Thus, according to Reinforcement theory, the working environment of the business
organization needs to be designed effectively in positive manner to motivate the employee.
This Reinforcement theory is a strong application to analyzing and controlling the individual
Behaviour among the team.
According to the behavior of team members the Reinforcement is classified in below type of
Reinforcement element, such as, Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement,
Extinction, Punishment. As such, positive behaviors should be rewarded positively by team
Leaders. Negative behaviors by team members should not be rewarded or they should be
deserving the punishment. Major problem of this theory is that there is not easy to
understand and determined what kind of Behaviour shall be awarded or not.
Below Reinforcement theory elements are used to modify / change the employee behavior.
 Positive Reinforcement – This is used to increase desired behavior from employee.
This is helps to encourage the employee motivation to look the things with positive
attitudes and treat the things with positive mind by offering some rewards. Offering
rewards compile the employee to change the Behaviour in positive manner. With this
positive behavior team members shall be positively rewarded by team leaders.
Examples of Positive Reinforcement
 Clapping and cheering.
 Giving a high five.
 Giving a hug or pat on the back.
 Giving a thumbs-up.
 Offering a special activity
 Offering praise.
 Negative reinforcement – It is used to increase the desired behavior by team
members. This method consists of the negative consequences which indicate on failure
to perform the desired behavior by team. In this method desired behavior is performed
by employee, the negative consequences are removed, or Desired behavior is not
performed by the team member they should not rewarded by team leaders. The major
problem with this theory is that negative consequences can lead to unexpected
behaviors by employee and may fail to develope the desired behavior among the team
members.
Extinction – This method is used to reduce undesirable behavior by the team members.
It is neutral method as it’s not consisted of the any form of reinforcement for changes
the behavior among the team and its resulting that the employee stops doing the
unnecessary or undesired behavior. The major problem with this theory is that this a
neutral theory so employee do not perform the extra ordinary behavior with
consideration of reward.
Punishment – This method is used to reduce undesirable and unnecessary behavior. This
method is used to avoid the unnecessary and undesirable behavior among the team with
the consideration of punishment act. Before doing any wrong act or perform any wrong
practices, the team members think about the negative consequences and avoid the
unnecessary behavior. The main problem with theory is that the team member does not
try performing the any activity out of the practices due to the punishment, so new ideas
and concept from employees is not used to achieve the company objectives.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q.3. (A)
Ans –
The mentioned case is showing the how an MNC company employee is works on the high
position with a decent salary, but she is not having the job satisfaction and she want to make
some changes in surrounding people. She works in plant workers at shop floor and educate
the shop floor workers as they are could not write expect their names. She motivates herself
and want to make educate them and train those lower-level workers with varrious skills and
knowledge and that will be added more benefits in their carrier.
Content theories is defined about how internal beliefs and thinking of person regarding
some action is affect and change human behavior. Personal will has create the relation
between some need of person and the motivation and inspiration is provided about that
need to get it. Content theory is a sub point of motivational theory. When personnel want to
make changes and achieve something from the society then he gets motivated by himself or
by others and act towards and take necessary actions to achieve those changes to satisfy
himself.
The content theory of motivation, also referred as the need theory which mentioned the
internal factors of human and that energies, encourage, motivate, and direct human behavior
to take actions to make necessary changes. Content theory is motivation theory and there
are many content theories of motivation and the mentioned case here is related to one of
them, that is Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory.
According to the Maslow theory, which is based on the people needs those needs is compel
the people to act and move towards to achieve those need and become satisfied. people
generally have five stages of need and personal requirement in their life and try to satisfy
them with necessary actions in a particular order. The various stages of need present by
Maslow such as the “first survival needs, second, he wants the safety, third he need to
belong in society, fourth stage is the needs that aim to satisfy one's ego or self-esteem, and
the last stage is growth needs. Maslow theory says that every person is motivated by these
needs in their life and once a particular person is satisfied, then he moves to the next level
and try to satisfy his other needs with motivation.
Here it can be seen that Renita's basic survival, safety, and social requirements are already
fulfilled here, she got all those stuffs for which others are deal in day-to-day life and that is
reason she is unhappy in her job because she is no longer getting motivation or satisfaction
in her job with the high salary or her higher job position. As per the case mentioned she is
feels to make changes in the life of the lower-level workers and educate them with some
skills and here she gets motivated by the self-esteem needs that are encouraging her to take
some necessary actions and become a part of the social cause which means creating a
change in the lives of shop floor employees and in turn creating a sense of self-worth for her.
Conclusion – as a content theory Motivation is the key to change the human behavior to act
and move towards to achieve their needs and satisfy themselves.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q.3. (B)
Ans –
The mentioned case is presenting the Renita is an MNC company employee for Tummy
multinational company as she is works brilliantly on the writing with the top executives of
company. As a job part she is coordinate with the top-level employees to lower-level
employees on shop floor also. Renita has good working profile with good position and
decent salary, but she is not happy with her job Because as she faces and coordinate with
lower working staff and she find this people are not much educated in communication and
other stuff so Renita has realized, she could be change this scenario by educate them with
giving them adequate training.
With this desire Renita motivates herself and wants to make changes in the life of lower-
level employee and hence to take the required action as she asks to supervisor to educate
and train this employee with different skills as they will change and make their life more
convenient.
As mentioned in case Renita has good and bright job profile as she works with Top
Executives of company daily, and her desire to educate the other staff is seems like Renita is
being drifted from her job role as she served in the company. Instead of becoming a teacher
in company she should be focused on her carrier with additional job responsibilities and
other activities. It resulted she will reach on more big position in company hierarchy and
achieve the authority to make required changes in company culture. With authority and
power, she can provide the facility to educate and train the employee with different skill
which actually needs them.
As desired of Renita by being teacher she will educate and train the staffs its drifted the
Renita from her job objectives and responsibilities. If we look at her job responsibilities and
her current profile in company, she has been doing a good and respective job. Teaching
profession is not appropriate profession for her against her current job profile. Provision of
education is a good concept, but it will impact on the performance of Renita, because of this
her actual job gets suffered and it’s also impacted to her responsibilities which is assigned by
the company management.
Education and training will develop the employees’ skills and its resulting to increase
productivity with quality job performed by them. It also helps them to get more opportunity
in market to grow in life as a skilled labor. But Renitas time get suffered in all those activities
of education and training provision to unskilled labor. This time she can invest in her
development and reach on to some higher position instead of being a teacher as its not a
appropriate profession for her.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------