CHAPTER-2

SAMPLE PROFILE
 CHAPTER-2

SAMPLE PROFILE
Index
Serial Pg.
Particulars
No. No.
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Cement Industry 33
2.2.1 Associated Cement Companies Limited (ACC) 35
2.2.2 Ambuja Cement Limited 35
2.2.3 Shree Cement Limited 36
2.2.4 Ultra Tech Cement Limited 37
2.2.5 Ramco Cement Limited 37
2.3 Fertilizer Industry 38
2.3.1 Chambal Fertilizer and Chemicals Limited 39
2.3.2 Coromandel International Limited 39
2.3.3 Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizer & 40
Chemicals Limited (GNFC)
2.3.4 Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals Limited (GSFC) 41
2.3.5 Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited (RCF) 41
2.4 Food Processing Industry 42
2.4.1 Britannia Industries Limited 43
2.4.2 Hatsun Agro Product Limited 44
2.4.3 The Khushi Ram Behari Lal Limited (KRBL) 44
2.4.4 Nestle India 45
2.4.5 Glaxosmithkline Limited (GSK) 45
2.5 Pharmaceutical Industry 46
2.5.1 Aurobindo Pharma Limited 47
2.5.2 Cipla Limited 47
2.5.3 Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories 48
2.5.4 Lupin Pharmaceuticals Limited 49
2.5.5 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 49

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2.6 Refinery Industry 50
2.6.1 Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) 52
2.6.2 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) 53
2.6.3 Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) 54
2.6.4 Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) 55
2.6.5 Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) 55
2.7 Steel Industry 56
2.7.1 Jindal Steel & Power Limited (JSPL) 57
2.7.2 Jindal South West Limited (JSW) 58
2.7.3 Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) 58
2.7.4 Steel Exchange India Limited 59
2.7.5 TATA Iron and Steel Company Limited 60
2.8 Tyre Industry 61
2.8.1 Apollo Tyres Limited 63
2.8.2 Balkrishna Industries Limited (BKT) 64
2.8.3 CEAT Limited 65
2.8.4 TVS Srichakra Ltd. 65
2.8.5 JK Tyre & Industries Limited (JK Tyre) 66
2.9 Conclusion 67
Reference 68

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 CHAPTER-2

SAMPLE PROFILE
2.1 Introduction

This chapter includes the information about the selected seven industries as well
information about the selected thirty five companies from seven industries are also given.
The aim of this chapter is to enable the researcher to know about the basic details of the
selected company as well as industry. The proper conclusion is not possible to draw if the
information of the various sample is not clear. Researcher include various details of
selected company and industry like objective of particular company, range of product,
when company is started, what are the future goal of company, market coverage by
particular company etc. Thus the information of various selected industries and companies
are as follows.

2.2 Cement Industry

With a total capacity of 151.2 Million Tones (MT), India is the second largest
cement producer in the world after China. With the government of India giving boost to
various housing facilities, road networks and infrastructure projects. In India, the cement
industry is growing at an enviable pace. The cement industry is dominated by around 20
companies in India, which is account for almost 70% of the total cement production in
India.

The history of the cement industry in India started from the year 1889 when a
Kolkata-based company started cement manufacturing from Argillaceous. But industry
actually getting the organized shape in the early 1900s. In the year 1914, India Cement
Company Ltd was established in Porbandar, Gujarat with a capacity of 10,000 tons.

The first initial thrust to the cement industry in India was given by The World War
I and after that industry started growing at a fast rate in terms of manufacturing units,
production and installed capacity. This stage was recognized as the Nascent Stage of
Cement Company of India. Concrete Association of India was set up in 1927 with a view
to create public awareness for the utility of cement and to propagate cement consumption.

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 In the year 1956, the cement industry saw the price and distribution control system,
which was established to ensure fair price model for consumers and manufacturers. Later
on in 1977, Government authorized new cement manufacturing units and existing units
(which was going for capacity enhancement) to decide a higher price for their products.
After some couple of years later, government introduced a three-tier pricing system for
different price of cement as they were produced in high, medium and low cost plants.

In any country, Cement Company plays a major role in the growth of the nation.
Cement industry in India was under full supervision and control of the government.
However, after the economic reform, it got relief at a large extent. But still government
interfere in some cases, especially in the pricing. India falls in the list of lowest per capita
consumption of cement of around 125 kg, in spite of being the second largest cement
producer in the world. Despite the fact that demand and supply of cement has grown up in
India. In a developing economy country like India, there is always large possibility of
expansion and development of cement industry.

Indian Cement industry is currently experience a technological change as a frequent

up gradation as well as assimilation is taking place. At present, almost 93% of the total
cement capacity is produce on the base entire modern dry process, which is considered
more environment-friendly. Only the remaining 7% capacity is produce by old wet and
semi-dry process technology. Also there is a huge scope of waste heat recovery in the
cement plants, which result into reduction in the emission level which improves the
environment.

There are 11 different varieties of cement produce in India, out of which major types
of cement manufacture in India include first Portland (grey) cement which is produced
entirely from gypsum and clinker. This is the most common type of cement. Second is Slag
cement which is cheaper to produce because it uses less clinker. Slag cement uses 50% slag
which is a waste product of steel plants and only 45% clinker.

So as a result it is possible to produce twice the amount of cement with almost the
same cost. Third type is Pozzolana cement, this is made up of 20% fly ash and 25%
pozzolana. As it uses less clinker it is also cheaper to produce. Forth type is White cement,
there is a negligible production of white cement in the country, mainly because in
comparison with grey cement it is almost three times more expensive. This cement mainly
used for decorative purpose or as a filler between ceramic tiles.

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2.2.1 Associated Cement Companies Limited (ACC)

ACC was established on August 1, 1936. Company engaged in manufacturing of

cement and concrete. Company has its operation throughout the country which includes
fourteen cement factories, thirty ready mix concrete plants, twenty sales offices and several
zonal offices. Workforce of the company include ten thousand persons and distribution
network of the having nine thousand dealers countrywide.

As the company exist from more than last 80 years, it has been a pioneer in the
manufacture of cement and concrete as well as trendsetter in many areas of cement and
concrete technology which include process improvement, improvements in raw material
utilization, energy conservation and development of high performance concretes.

Company has a rich experience in mining, as being largest user of limestone. It also
principal user of coal. Company is also one of the biggest customers of Indian Railways as
being largest cement producer and also foremost user of the road transport network services
for inward and outward movement of materials and products.

Company has overseas services extended to the Africa and South Africa, Middle
East where it provide helps in the operation and maintenance of cement plants abroad and
has provided technical and managerial consultancy to a variety of consumers. In 1966, the
company installed pollution control equipment and high efficiency sophisticated
electrostatic precipitators for cement kilns, raw mills, coal mills, power plants and coolers.

Subsidiaries and associate companies of ACC include Bulk Cement Corporation

(India) Limited (BCCI), Lucky Minmat, ACC Concrete Limited, ACC Mineral Resources
Limited, National Limestone Company Private Limited, Encore Cement & Additives
Private Limited. Company having wide product range which includes ordinary Portland
cement, 43 grade cement, 53 grade cement, blended cement, portland slag cement, bulk
cement, ready mix concrete.

2.2.2 Ambuja Cement Limited

Ambuja Cements was set up in the year 1986. Company shows tenfold grown in
last decade. With the 18.5 million tons of total cement capacity, company’s plants are some
of the most efficient in the world.

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 Company having unique attribute, which is homegrown philosophy of giving
people the authority to set their own targets as well as freedom to achieve their goals.

This attribute creates the environment where there are no limits to excellence and
no limits to efficiency. And become a strong reason for growth of the company. Because
of which company is the most profitable cement company in India and one of the lowest
cost producer of the cement in the world.

In present, Ambuja Cement is the 3rd largest cement company in India, with an
annual plant capacity of 16 million tonnes including Ambuja Cement Eastern Ltd. and
revenue in excess of Rs. 3298 crore. Company set up a complete system of transporting
bulk cement via the sea route, which is first time in cement industry.

Near Muldwarka Gujarat, port terminal of the company is situated. Which is an all-
weather port, 8 kilometers from the company’s Ambujanagar Plant. This terminal handles
ships with 40,000 DWT.

It also equipped to import coal and furnace oil as well as export clinker and cement.
In 2013, Ambuja Cement approved a proposal wherein Ambuja will first acquire from
Holderind Investment Limited, Mauritius (Holcim), a 24% stake in Holcim India for a cash
consideration of Rs. 3,500 crores, which is followed by a merger of Holcim India into
Ambuja. Ambuja Holding 50.01% stake in ACC due to this intra-group transactions.

Company is engaged in manufacturing and market cement and clinker for both
domestic and export markets.

2.2.3 Shree Cement Limited

Shree Cement is the leading cement manufacturing company in North India which
was incorporated in the year 1978. Cement plants of company are located at Ras, Beawar,
Jobner, Khushkhera, Suratgarh in Rajasthan and Laksar (Roorkee) in Uttarakhand.
Company sell its cement under three brands which are Shree Cement, Bangur and
Rockstrong which together enjoy the largest market share in high value cement markets of
Delhi, Rajasthan and Haryana.

Company Markets its products under three heads Shree Ultra Jung Rodhak Cement,
Bangur Cement and tuff cement. Company also generate power through its plants located
at Beawar and Ras in Rajasthan, including waste heat recovery power plants.

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2.2.4 Ultra Tech Cement Limited

Basically, Ultratech Cement was incorporated in 2000 as Larsen & Toubro, later on
it was demerged and acquired by Grasim which renamed it as Ultra Tech Cement in 2004.
Presently, Ultra Tech cement a part of Aditya Birla Group, is the largest exporter of cement
clinker of the country. Company have all ISO 9001 certified plants. Product range of the
company includes Ordinary Portland Cement, Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement and
Portland Pozzalana Cement. Company also manufactures ready mix concrete (RMC).

The Ultra Tech Cement has 11 integrated plants, one clinkerisation plant in UAE,
one white cement plant. 15 grinding units out of which 11 in India, 2 in UAE, 1 in Bahrain
and Bangladesh each and five terminals out of which four in India and one in Sri Lanka.
Company also has export market span countries around the Indian Ocean, Africa, Europe
and the Middle East. In 2006, Narmada Cement Company Limited was amalgamated with
Ultra Tech Cement. Samruddhi Cement Limited was amalgamated with Ultra Tech in July
2010.

In September 2010, Ultra Tech Cement Middle East Investments Limited which is
a wholly owned subsidiary of the company acquired management control of ETA Star
Cement together with its operation in the UAE, Bahrain and Bangladesh. Dakshin Cements,
Harish Cements and Ultra Tech Ceylinco are other subsidiaries of the company.

2.2.5 Ramco Cement Limited

Earlier known as Madras Cements Limited (MCL), The Ramco Cements was
established in 1957 which is a part of Ramco Group. Ramco Group is well-known business
group of South India which is based at Chennai. Ramco Supergrade is the most popular
brand of the company in South India. Headquartered of the company is at Chennai. The
main product of the company is Portland cement. The first plant of company was at
Ramasamy Raja Nagar, near Virudhunagar in Tamil Nadu which was commenced its
production in 1962 with a capacity of 200 tonnes, using wet process. The plant was
switched over to more efficient dry process in 1970. A second kiln was added to bring the
total capacity to 12 lakh ton per annum. The second venture of the company is its
Jayanthipuram plant near Vijayawada in A.P set up in 1987.

Company commissioned its most sophisticated Ready Mix Concrete Plant in

Medavakkam in South Chennai in 1999. Plant commissioned in 2002, near Sriperumpudhu,

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Tamilnadu manufactures cement based putty, dry mortar and tile fix compound. In 2000,
Company acquired Gokul Cements situated in Mathod in Karnataka whose capacity is 600
TPD. The Ramco Winfarm set up by company in 1993 at Muppandal TN. This was
followed by wind farms in Poolavadi near Coimbatore in 1995 and Oothumalai in 2005,
combined capacity of these two plants is about 45 MW.

2.3 Fertilizer Industry

Fertilizer is defined as a substance which supplies one or more of the chemical

elements required for plant growth weather it is natural or artificial, organic or inorganic.
Oxygen, hydrogen and carbon are directly supplied by water and air therefore not treated
as nutrients by the fertilizer industry. The Indian Fertilizer Industry is one of the vital
industries for the Indian economy as it manufactures a very critical raw material for
agriculture which is consider as the major occupation of the country. The fertilizers
especially like the ammonia urea plants are energy consuming in their operation. The main
objective of Indian fertilizer industry is to ensure the supply of primary and secondary
nutrients in the required quantities. In the past 50 years the Indian fertilizer industry has
grown in size and stature and ranks third in the world.

In 1950-51, in India, the per hectare consumption of fertilizer was less than 1/4th as
compare to global average. During this particular period the production of fertilizer was by
and large in the hands of public sector and cooperative sector. With the goals of providing
fertilizers to farmers at reasonable rates without sacrificing the profitability of
manufacturers government introduced the Retention Price Scheme (RPS) in the year 1977.
Under this policy the government would pay the manufacturers, the difference between the
administered price (sale price) and the retention price (cost of production).Over and above
the retention price subsidy, the equated freight subsidy was also introduced which enable
the manufacturers to cover the cost of transportation. Economic liberalization Policy also
had its effect on the fertilizer industry. Where the government had the move to aim at
reducing its subsidy as well as decontrolled all the phosphatic and potassic fertilizers in the
year 1992 the ratio of fertilizer utilization was strained.

Indian Fertilizer industry has succeeded in meeting all the chemical fertilizer
demand of all chemical fertilizers over the years. The first manufacturing unit which was
of Single Super Phosphate (SSP) started by the Indian Fertilizer Industry in Ranipet near
Chennai with a capacity of 6000 Metric Tons (MT) a year. This sector got boost because

38
of India's green revolution in 60's. The fertilizer industry experienced a faster growth rate
and presently India stand as the third largest fertilizer producer in the world.

2.3.1 Chambal Fertilizer and Chemicals Limited

The Chambal fertilizers & chemicals is a part of KK Birla Group, it has three
divisions catering agri products, shipping & textiles. Company is one of the largest private
sector fertilizer producers in India. In 1985, it was promoted by Zuari Industries. Its two
nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) plants are located at Gadepan in Kota distric of Rajasthan.
Chambal Fertilizers has its operations in ten states in Northern, Central and Western regions
of India and company also lead in the term of supplying fertilizer in the state of Rajasthan.
With the 1,700 dealers, 11 regional offices and 20,000 village level outlets company
distribute its product. Urea and other agri-inputs like Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP),
Murate of Potash (MOP), Single Super Phosphate (SSP), pesticides and other seeds are the
range of product which sourced from reputed suppliers by company and sold under the
Uttam Umbrella brand.

Company’s brand Uttam Veer has distribution network of around 1,500 dealers &
20,000 village level outlet spanning in ten states. Company also has two modern soil &
water testing laboratories. As a company’s shipping division, India steamship Company
was amalgamated with Chambal fertilizers in the year 2004. Company also has Research
and Development Department for development of new product which meet the ever
changing demand in the international and domestic markets.

2.3.2 Coromandel International Limited

Incorporated in 1964, The Coromandel Fertilizers (CFL) is engaged in

manufacturing of fertilizers, speciality nutrients and plant protection. It is $2.4 Billion
Murugappa group’s part. Product of the company include phosphatic fertilizers,
phosphogypsum and sulphur pastilles. Fertilizer plants of the company located at Ennore,
Visakhapatanam and Ranipet. Plant protection chemicals unit located at Navi Mumbai,
Jammu and Ranipet. Company also have marketing branches in different states of India.

In May 2009, company signed a joint venture agreement with M/s. Soquimich
European Holdins, Netherlands, Chile, for setting up of 15,000 MT Water Soluble
Fertilizers (NPK Grades) plant at Kakinada at a Rs. 100 Million total investment, with both
the parties holding equal share in the proposed venture. The name of the Company has been

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changed from ‘Coromandel Fertilizers Ltd.’ to ‘Coromandel International Ltd.’ on 25
September 2009. In April 2010, Company has entered into agreement for purchase share
with the promoters of Pasura Biotech to acquire 100% shareholding in Pasura which is
engaged in formulation of Pesticides and has a plant in the state of Jammu & Kashmir
(J&K). Company has executed a licence agreement with Shell Research in September 2010
for using latter Shell Thiogro technology to manufacture Sulphur Enhanced Fertilizers
(SEF).

The product range of the company includes Fertilizers, Plant Protection Chemicals
and Speciality Nutrients. Under the head of fertilizers the company manufactures and
markets range of fertilizers namely PARAMFOS 16-20-0-13, Gromor 14-35-14,
PARRYGOLD, GODAVARI DAP and many more. Plant Protection Chemicals includes
insecticides, herbcidies, fungicides and plant biotimulant. Under the head of Speciality
Nutrients Company have bentonite sulphur, organic fertilizers, water soluble fertilizers and
micronutrients.

2.3.3 Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizer & Chemicals Limited (GNFC)

Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizer Company (GNFC) was set up in 1976 in

Bharuch, Gujarat. This is a joint venture promoted by the Gujarat State Fertilizer Company
and the Government of Gujarat. The name of the company has been changed from ‘Gujarat
Narmada Valley Fertilizers Company Limited’ to ‘Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers &
Chemicals Limited’ in 2012. Company commenced its manufacturing and marketing
operations by setting up one of the world’s largest single stream ammonia urea fertilizer
complexes in 1982. After next few years, company successfully started different projects
in fields like fertilizers, electronics and chemicals. Company has its regional offices located
in different states of the country.

Product range of the company include fertilizers, Chemicals and Information

Technology. Under the head of fertilizer company manufactures and markets urea, calcium
ammonium nitrate and ammonium nitrophosphate under the brand NARMADA. Company
also imports diammonium phosphate (DAP), urea and muriate of potash (MOP). Chemicals
range include formic acid, acetic acid, methanol, nitric acid and many more. I.T services
includes digital certificates and security services which include managed I.T services and
secure infrastructure design and building services.

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2.3.4 Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals Limited (GSFC)

Incorporated in 1962, GSFC engaged in manufacturing of fertilizers and industrial

products. It was earlier known as Gujarat State Fertilizer Company (GSFC) which was joint
sector enterprise by the Government of Gujarat, now the name of the company is Gujarat
State Fertilizers & Chemicals.

At initial stage State Government had 49% share in the equity structure of company
and rest by the public and financial institutions. Gradually, The State Government has
reduced its equity participation to 38.4%. To support farmers was the motive behind
formation of this organization.

Manufacturing units of the company is located at Kosamba, Sikka and Nandesari.

Marketing network of the company spread across the various states of the country. GSFC
has set up several companies such as Gujarat Industries Power Company, Gujarat Narmada
Valley Fertilizers Company, Power Company, Gujarat Green Revolution Company, GSFC
Polymer Unit, GSFC Investment and Leasing Company and GSFC Fiber Unit.

Product range of the company has created more than 24 brands of fertilizers,
chemicals, petrochemicals, industrial gases, fibers, platics and other products. Industrial
products range of the company include Anhydrous Ammonia, Argon Gas, Melamine,
Caprolactam, Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime, Nylon-6, Sulphuric Acid and Oleum.

Agro products of the company includes fertilizer, seeds and bio-fuels. Biotech
products range of the company includes various brands such a Sardar Eco Green, Sardargib,
Sardartrap, Sardarvam, Sardarlures, Sardaramin, Sardarneem and Sardaramin Granules.

2.3.5 Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited (RCF)

Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers was incorporated under Companies Act 1956
in the year 1978. The Company was a wholly-owned public sector unit till 1992, 7.5% of
the equity was disinvested to financial institutions, public, etc. during 1992-93. Company
have major brands of fertilizer like Sujala, Suphala 15:15:15, Suphala 20:20:20, Biola,
Microla and Ujjwala. All the product of company can be used with different soil types and
in various climatic conditions. The Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers pioneered the
manufacture of basic chemicals like sodium nitrate, methanol, ammonium bicarbonate,
sodium nitrite, dimethyl formamide, methylamines and dimethylacetamide in India. The

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company have two complexes, one at Thal, Raigad district, Maharashtra and the other at
Trombay, Mumbai. The Marketing Headquarters of the company is situated at Mumbai.

The Company also undertakes project management and renders operation and
maintenance services to its clients in fertilizer/chemicals industry. The company also offer
turnkey projects, which include total management, whose services involve preparation of
project report, budgetary offer, detailed engineering, know-how, performance guarantee,
licence tie-up, mechanical and civil erection with instrumentation including procurement
of equipment, commissioning, guarantee trial runs and successful operation thereafter if
required. The RCF also enters into joint ventures to conduct feasibility studies in area of
industrial chemicals, petrochemicals and fertilizers.

2.4 Food Processing Industry

The Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MFPI) was set up in July 1988 to give
an acceleration to development of food processing sector in India. The Ministry formulates
and implements the policies & plans for the food processing industries according to the
overall national objectives and priorities. It acts as a catalyst for bringing in great
investment into this sector while helping and guiding the industry as well as creating a
conducive environment which help in healthy growth of the food processing industry.
Indian Food Processing Industry covers meat, poultry, fruit, vegetables, milk, milk
products, fisheries, alcoholic beverages, plantation, grain processing, confectionery,
chocolates, cocoa products, Soya-based products, high protein foods, mineral water, etc.
The most promising sub-sectors include Soft-drink bottling, Fishing, Confectionery
manufacture, aquaculture, Grain-milling as well as grain-based products, Meat as well as
poultry processing, Tomato paste, flavors, Fast-food, Ready to eat breakfast cereals, Food
additives, etc.

In food processing industry health food and health food supplements is another
rapidly rising segment which is gaining great popularity amongst the health conscious
people. The achievement and accomplishments of the white and green revolutions have
contributed to the development of Food Processing Industry in India. Increased in
urbanization, improved living standards and the convenient need of dual income families
bring out to the major market potentialities in the Indian food processing and marketing
sectors.

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 The food industry in India is poised for huge growth, increasing its contribution in
world food trade each year. The food sector in India has emerged as a high growth and high
profit sector because of its immense potential for value addition, especially within the food
processing industry. The government through the Ministry of Food Processing Industries
(MFPI) is doing all efforts to encourage investments in the food processing business. It has
approved proposals for foreign collaborations, joint ventures (JV), 100 % export oriented
units and industrial licenses. The Indian food and grocery market is the sixth largest in the
world, in which retail contributing 70 per cent of the sales.

2.4.1 Britannia Industries Limited

The company was established in 1892 with an investment of Rs.265. The Britannia
Industries Limited is an Indian food products corporation having headquartered in Kolkata,
West Bengal. With an estimated market share of 38%, the company sells its Britannia and
Tiger brands of biscuits, breads and dairy products in whole India along with more than 60
countries across the globe. Initially, company manufactured biscuits in a small house in
central Kolkata. Later on the enterprise was acquired by the Gupta brothers mainly Nalin
Chandra Gupta, an attorney and operated under V.K. Brothers. C.H. Holmes, an English
businessman in Kolkata was taken on as a partner and The Britannia Biscuit Company
Limited was launched. In 1924, the Mumbai factory was set up. Biscuits were high in
demand during Second World War, thus company got boost in the company’s sales. Name
of the company changed to the current “Britannia Industries Limited” in 1979.

Popular brands of company are Good Day, Tiger, Milk Bikis, NutriChoice and
Marie Gold. Product portfolio of company includes Bread, Biscuits, Cakes, Rusk and Dairy
products which includes Cheese, Beverages, Yoghurt and Milk. Company have around five
million retail outlets and reach over 50% of Indian households. Dairy product of the
company contributes close to five percent of revenue and company dairy products directly
reach one lakh outlets.

Britannia Bread is the largest brand in the organized bread market with Rs. 450
crores in value and an annual turnover of over 1 lakh tons. The business of the company
operates with 13 factories and 4 franchisees selling close to 1 million loaves daily across
more than 100 towns and cities of the India. Company have a presence in more than 60
countries across the globe. Export of the company includes export in North America,
Africa, Europe and South East Asia. In 2009, The company set up the Britannia Nutrition

43
Foundation and started working on public private partnership to address malnutrition
amongst under-privileged children as well as women.

2.4.2 Hatsun Agro Product Limited

Hatsun Agro Product Limited is based in South India and was incorporated in the
year 1970. R.G. Chandramogan is founder of the company. From 1993, company started
marketing fresh milk in pouches and from 2003, manufacture dairy ingredients. The Hatsun
is the largest private sector dairy company in India which has distinct advantage of dealing
in cow’s milk. Hatsun started with the pioneering effort of producing Arun ice cream in
1970, which is still continues to be the most popular ice cream brand in South India. From
farmers spread over 4,500 villages in south India, company directly procures around 1.65
million liters of liquid milk per day. Company has its own infrastructure of collecting center
for milk and chilling center for handling and procuring of raw milk. To ensure collection
on time, milk testing at the point of collection, weekly payment company employed over
350 field’s staffs.

Other area of company operation includes sales of cattle feed, to grow herd size
encouraging farmers, bank loan, animal insurance, training to farmer on better animal
management and clean milking. Company is having processing plants operating at 7
locations. The company is only company in India which use Bactofuge Technology from
West Falia-Germany to clarify liquid milk. In 2012, The Company started of selling new
range of ice creams under the Brand IBACO. Hatsun Agro acquired Jyothi Dairy in 2013
for Rs. 65 crore.

2.4.3 The Khushi Ram Behari Lal Limited (KRBL)

The KRBL is an exporter of Basmati Rice as well as significant player of the

branded food industry since March 30, 1993. The company’s packing and milling units are
located in Dhuri (Punjab), Ghaziabad (UP), Gandhidham (Kandla), Dhulia (Maharashtra)
and Alipur (Delhi). The integrated unit of company at Dhuri is one of the largest in the
world capacity of 150 MTPH. Company having various Brands like Zaffrani, Royal, Train,
Doon, Al Wissam, Qiada, Al Bustan, Indian Farm, Al Mithali, Sun Flower, India Gate,
Lion, Nur Jahan, Necklace, Aarati, Bemisal, Lotus and Shubh Mangal.

Company manufactures various product like furfural and de-oiled cakes, rice bran
oil. The husk is used to extract furfural and the bran utilized to produce around fifty tonnes

44
of rice bran. Company has earmarked around two lakh acres of land for contract farming
in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Uttaranchal. The KRBL has its procurement network for
basmati rice that spreads across Haryana, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. Company
has export market of around 52% of basmati rice market of USA and has dominant presence
in the Middle East.

2.4.4 Nestle India

Company started its journey in India by entering into the dairy business in 1912.
Nestle India product range includes beverages, milk & nutrition, cooking aids, prepared
dishes, chocolate, confectionery segments. Nestle have popular brands like MAGGI,
NESCAFE, KIT KAT, MILKYBAR, MILKMAID and NESTEA. Other product of the
company includes Nestle Milk, Nestle Dahi, Nestle Slim Milk and Nestle Jeera Raita.
Considering market wise position Nestle India stands first in instant noodles & ketchups
and instant coffee and second in healthy soups and overall chocolate category.

After independence of India in 1947, the economic policies of the Government gave
importance to the need for local production. NESTLE responded to this policy aspirations
by forming a company in India and set up its first factory at Moga, Punjab in 1961, where
the Government wanted company to develop the milk economy. Thus, Progress in Moga
required the introduction of NESTLE's Agricultural Services which educate, advise as well
as help the farmer in a variety of aspects. From increasing the milk yield of cows through
improved dairy farming techniques,irrigation, scientific crop management practice and
help in procurement of bank loans.

2.4.5 Glaxosmithkline Limited (GSK)

Glaxosmithkline Consumer Healthcare’s core business is manufacturing of health

drink under the brand name Horlicks. The history of the GSK goes way back in 1950’s
when bottled Horlicks was imported from the England. But import of the Horlicks was
stopped in the year 1955 due to change in import policy. During 1956-57 one team of
Horlicks visited India to check possibilities for setting up a plant in India for which
company approached Maharaja of Nabha, Pratap Singh in Punjab. In October 1958 with
the support of Maharaja, Hindustan Milkfood Manufacturer (HMML) was established for
production of Horlicks.

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 Beecham India acquired Horlicks England in 1969, because of which the company
to become major shareholder in HMML. Beecham India was merged with HMML in 1979.
Later on Beecham plc, UK got merged with SmithKline USA. The name was changed to
Glaxosmitkline Consumer Healthcare in January 2000. Company exports its product to
countries like Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Fiji, Middle East, Mauritius, Bhutan,
Nepal and many more. Company has manufacturing plants located at Andhra Pradesh,
Punjab, Hyderabad, Haryana, Guwahati, Chennai, Gurgaon, Ghaziabad and Bangalore.
Company has entered into an agreement with Laclede to purchase dry mouth brand Biotene
of it for $170 million. In 2011, company has launched Sensodyne toothpaste in an attempt
to enter into the Indian tooth paste market.

Product range of company includes Nutritional drinks which have wide range of
health drinks, besides Horlicks other brands are Boost, Maltova and Viva. It also offer
Mother’s Horlicks and Horlicks Lite for diabetic consumers. OTC products includes drugs
like pain relief balm, pain relief tablet & syrup, Iodex, Crocin and drug for acidity problems,
ENO. The Nutritional food services division of company has also developed vending of
Boost and Horlicks. Around 500 vending machine have been placed in schools, hospitals
and corporate

2.5 Pharmaceutical Industry

India has gained great importance and carved a niche for itself in the field of
pharmaceutical domain. In fact, it has grown as a big mart for the pharmaceutical industry.
In Calcutta the first pharmaceutical company, Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceutical
Works, which still is as one of 5 government-owned drug manufacturers was started in
1930. In India, Parma Industry is rank's first of India's science based industries with vast
ranges of capabilities in the complex field of drug manufacture as well as technology.
Pharmaceutical is one of the best and highly organized sectors. The sector specializes in
respect of quality, technology and range of medicines manufactured. The product range of
the industry start with simple headache pills to sophisticated antibiotics as well as complex
cardiac compounds. The pharmaceutical industry promotes the sustainable development in
the field of medicines through the boosting the quality producers and many units approved
by regulatory authorities in UK and USA.

The Pharmaceutical industry of India consists of more than 20,000 registered units
which are highly fragmented. The Pharmaceutical Industry of India has around 70% of the

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country's demand for bulk drugs, pharmaceutical formulations, drug intermediates,
chemicals, capsules, tablets, injectable and orals. 250 large units and about 8000 Small
Scale Units together form the core of the Indian pharmaceutical industry. The industry
produced complete range of medicines which are ready to consum by patients.

2.5.1 Aurobindo Pharma Limited

Aurobindo Pharma was founded by Mr. K. Nityananda Reddy and Mr. P. V.

Ramaprasad Reddy in 1986. Company started its operation with a single unit which
manufacture sesmi synthetic penicillin (SSP) at Pondicherry. Product of company has
presence in key therapeutic segments like SSP, antivirals, cephalosporins, cardio-vascular,
gastroenterology, CNS, etc. In semi-synthetic penicillin drugs company is market leader.
Overseas set up of company has branches and representative offices which are located in
Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, United Kingdom, Vietnam, Ghana and Kenya. It has identified
international operations which are caters to over 100 countries as a major engine of growth
and expansion of global network of manufacturing operation and marketing across
countries like Brazil, China, Netherlands, Japan, South Africa, Thailand, USA, UK, Russia,
Netherlands and many others which will expand its international business.

Company has invested significant resources in establish a mega infrastructure for

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) and formulations to work as a vertically integrated
pharmaceutical company. Aurobindo Pharma commenced business into peptides segment
in 2012. Product Segment of the company includes (i) Formulation: Under this segment
company manufactures formulation for cardio vascular, gastroenterologicals, central
nervous, anti-infectives and anti-retrovirals. Company has developed formulations namely
Captopril, Benazepril Hydrochloride, Trandolapril, etc. (ii) Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients (API): company‘s five units for API’s and four units for formulations are
designed for regulated markets. (iii) Organic Intermediates: Under this segment company
manufacture wide range of organic intermediates like Methanamine, ECPPA,
Benzimidazole, Desmethyl Azithromycin and many more.

2.5.2 Cipla Limited

Chemical, Industrial & Pharmaceutical Laboratories (CIPLA) incorporated in 1935.

Without charging any royalty founder of CIPLA Khwaja Abdul Hamied gave his all patent
and proprietary formulas for several drugs and medicines to company. Cipla was registered

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as a public limited company in August 17, 1935 with an authorized capital of Rs. 6 Lakhs.
The CIPLA focuses on development of new formulations and has a wide range of
pharmaceutical product. Company offers bulk drugs, prescription drugs, pesticides and
animal products. It also offers a wide range of beverages and food, oral hygiene product,
baked foods, detergents, personal care products and room fresheners.

Company has 5,500 registered products in different countries and almost 55% of its
overall income comes from its operations outside India. Drugs offer by company are used
for treatment of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and many more.
Company also offers drugs which prevents the transmission of AIDS to child from mothers.
Consulting services on preparation of materials and products, supplies plant equipment and
conducts plant evaluation are also provided by company. CIPLA has set up two institutes
namely Cipla Cancer Palliative Care & Training Center and Dr. K.A. Hamied Institute.
Company has an operations across 170 countries with manufacturing units approved by
regulatory authorities like WHO-Canada, MHRA-UK and USFDA. Cipla was the first
company outside Europe and US to launch CFC free inhaler. Company launched oral
emergency contraceptive pill in 2007 under the brand name I-Pill. It also launched a
breakthrough screening technology called the No Touch Breast Scan (NTBS) in India, this
is the first ever painless, radiation-free and non-invasive breast scanning technique for
detecting breast cancer at an initial stage. Company launched generic versions of anti-flu
drugs zanamivir and oseltamivir in the local market which treat the H1N1 influenza,
spreading across the India and globe in 2009. Piramal Healthcare Limited sing a definitive
agreement with Cipla Limited in 2010 for purchase of all intellectual property rights related
to ‘i-pill’ in India for an aggregate amount of Rs. 95 crore.

2.5.3 Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories

Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories started its operation in 1984 in the Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients (API) segment, with a single drug in 60 tonne facility near Hyderabad.
Company shipped its first consignment of Methyldopa drug to West Germany in 1986.
Company is among the top three Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) players in world.
Dr. Reddy’s a global pharmaceutical company has its headquarters in India. Company has
a global presence in more than 100 countries with subsidiaries in the UK, US, Brazil and
Germany, Joint Ventures in China, Australia and South Africa. Representative offices in
16 countries and third party distribution set ups in 21 countries in the world. Company is

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first pharmaceutical company in Asia, Outside Japan, to be listed in the NYSE. Dr. Reddy’s
Lab is largest player in the custom pharmaceutical services (CPS) business in India.
Company launched brands like Nise, Ciprolet, Enam, Omez, Ketorol, Stamlo and others.

Company announces strategic alliance with GSK to develop and market selected
products across emerging markets outside India in June 2009. Business of company
includes Pharma Services and API: under this it offer over 100 molecules across the world.
APIs are its core strength and having a wide range of portfolio. Company submits the
largest number of US DMF from India. In 2001, company entered into the custom
pharmaceutical services (CPS). Generics Medicines segment of company manufacture
generic medicines with business spread across Russia, India, Germany and US. Company
is amongst the top ten players in country. Proprietary Product range of company includes
NCE research, biologics business and differentiated formulations conducted in US. Under
this it has launched Reditux (Rituximab) and Grafeel (Filgrastim).

2.5.4 Lupin Pharmaceuticals Limited

Lupin was founded by Desh Bandhu Gupta in 1968 who was then an Associate
Professor at BITS-Pilani, Rajasthan. Lupin Limited has based in Mumbai and is
transnational pharmaceutical company. Lupin gained first recognition when it became one
of the world’s largest manufacturers of tuberculosis drug. Company has a significant
market share in various key area like the Diabetology, CNS, Asthma, cardiovascular,
pediatrics, anti-infectives and NSAIDs therapy segments.

Lupin’s manufacturing unit is located in Tarapur, Goa, Jammu, Aurangabad,

Kyowa in Japan, Mandideep and Indore. The manufacturing facilities of the company are
approved by different international regulatory agencies for example UK MHRA, US FDA,
TGA Australia, MCC South Africa and WHO. Product of range of company includes
formulations, APIs and CRAMS (Contract Research and Manufacturing Services).

2.5.5 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries started in 1983 with just 5 products to treat

psychiatry ailments. Initially, sales were limited to two states only namely Bihar and West
Bengal. Company started selling nationally in 1985. Product which are used in Cardiology
were introduced by company in 1987 and Monotrate, has one of company’s largest selling
product at that time as well as one of the first products launched at that time. Company was

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listed on the main stock exchanges in 1994 in India. With a presence in over 30 markets,
company is an international speciality parma company. Company makes active
pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Product of the company in branded markets prescribed
in chronic therapy areas like psychiatry, cardiology, gastroenterology, respiratory,
diabetology and psychiatry. In 1993, company established its research center Sun Pharma
Advanced Research Center (SPARC).

Company have many plants certified by the UK MHRA and USFDA. Dosage and
APIs forms are made in 19 sites across US, India, Bangladesh and Hungary. Product range
of the company includes Formulation: Company make speciality formulations across a
range of dosage forms like injectable, oral and delivery system based, Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API): Company’s API began in 1995 with a simple objective
of facilitating the manufacturing of complex formulations, for which, sourcing the API
would restrict entry in market. Company makes speciality APIs including steroids,
peptides, anticancers and hormones at internationally approved sites. Across 30 countries
company has over 1600 registrations. It is engaged in manufacturing of product in the
following therapy segments like Cardiology, CNS disorders, Gastroenterology, Diabetes
and Metabolic disorders, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Gynecological, Pain, Allergy,
Asthma and Inflammation. Other groups of companies includes Caraco Pharmaceutical
Laboratories, Sun Pharmaceutical (Bangladesh), Alkaloida Chemical Company Exclusive
Group Ltd., Sun Pharmaceutical Inc.

2.6 Refinery Industry

Till the independence in 1947, the oil & gas industry was controlled by international
companies. At that time domestic production of oil by India were only 2,50,000 tonnes per
annum and the entire production was from only one state Assam. The 1954 Industrial Policy
Resolution laid the foundation of Indian Oil and Gas Industry when the government
announced that petroleum would be core sector industry since that time. In accordance with
the 1954 Industrial Policy Resolution, Government owned National Oil Companies like
Indian Oil Corporation (IOC), Oil & Natural Gas Commission (ONGC). Government
formed Oil India Ltd. (OIL). In the year 1955, ONGC was initially formed as a Directorate
and in 1956 it became a commission. During 1960s, ONGC were discovered a number of
gas bearing companies in Assam and Gujarat. In 1964, to form Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.,
Indian Refineries Ltd. was merged with Indian Oil Company Ltd.

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 During 1970s, and till mid-1980s, exploratory efforts were made by OIL and ONGC
to yield discoveries of oil and gas in a number of structures in Tapi basins, Krishna-
Godavari Cauvery basins, Tripura, Nagaland and Cachar in Assam. In February 1974,
discovery of oil in significant quantities in Bombay High opened up new avenues of
exploration of oil in offshore areas. In 1984, Gas Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL) was set
up which look after processing, marketing and transportation of natural gas and natural gas
liquids. GAIL has been successfully laying gas pipeline of 1700 km long (HBJ pipeline)
from Hazira Gujarat to Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh which passing through Rajasthan and
Madhya Pradesh. India made significant efforts for its refining capacity after independence.
In the first decade after independence, multinational oil companies operating in India at
that time were established three coastal refineries which includes refineries by Esso stanvac
at Mumbai, by Caltex at Visakhapatnam and by Burma Shell.

In March 1997, Indian government approved The New Exploration Licensing

Policy (NELP) to increase exploration activity to ensure level playing field in the upstream
sector between public and private companies in all construction, fiscal and financial
matters. The policy ensured that there was no mandatory state participation through OIL
and ONGC nor there was any carried interest of the Government. To meet its growing
demand of petroleum, India is investing heavily in oil fields in abroad. State owned oil
firms of India have stakes in oil and gas fields in Russia, Iraq, Egypt, Libya, Sudan, Qatar,
Ivory Indian Oil, Indian Oil Industry, Indian Oil Corporation Coast, Australia, Myanmar
and Vietnam. Indian Oil and Gas Industry has an important role to play in energy security
of India. India has to sustain high economic growth rate of the country. The Oil Industry in
India import oil mostly from the Middle East Asia.

The oil and gas industry can be classified into two major sectors which is upstream
and downstream. Upstream sector means search for and drilling of potential crude oil and
natural gas reservoirs and downstream sector means refining process of crude oil and
natural gas. Building Petroleum reserves like underground storage in tank, above ground
storage in tank and fully developed and ready to exploit in situ reserves is lucrative
proposition for a oil importing country like India because the oil exporters charge exorbitant
price at a time when the oil demand is little more than supply.

The Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is total 5 Million Metric Tons
(MMT) or 31.5 Million Barrels (MMbbl) of an emergency fuel storage, which is strategic

51
crude oil enough for 10 days of consumption which are maintained by the Indian Strategic
Petroleum Reserves Limited Strategic crude oil storage are at three underground locations
in Padur, Visakhapatnam and Mangalore with ready access to the refineries on the west and
east coasts. Another method to keep strategic petroleum reserve at low cost is to develop a
proven oil field for higher oil extraction rate and keeping it reserved for full production on
an intermittent basis when the global oil price cross the set upper limit. Two more SPRs
will add strategic petroleum reserve of 12 days in addition to 10 days of reserve achieved
in Phase I. These SPRs under Phase II will be located at Padur in Karnataka and Chandikhol
in Odisha. Indian refiners maintain 65 days of crude storage and whenever added to the
SPR storage planned and achieved takes the Indian crude storage tally to around 87 days.
This 87 days is very close to the storage of 90 days mandated by the International Energy
Agency (IEA) for member countries. This total storage figure is excluding the storage
capacity of petroleum products with the bulk consumers and marketing agencies. India is
the third largest consumer of crude oil in the world after the United States and China. The
country accounted 4.81% of total world oil consumption in 2016-17. Disel, Petroleum
Coke, Petrol, LPG and Naptha are different type of petroleum products.

2.6.1 Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL)

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) was established in the year

1952. Company is one of the leading company in the petroleum sector in India. The phase
of 1860s saw a vast industrial development, many petroleum refineries also came up. An
important player in the South Asian market at that time was the Burmah Oil Company.
Though the company incorporated in 1886 in Scotland, the company grew out of the
enterprises of the Rangoon Oil Company which had been formed to refine crude oil
produced from primitive hand dug wells in Upper Burma in 1871. In India the search of oil
began in 1886, when Mckillop Stewart Company drilled a well and struck oil near Jaypore
in upper Assam. The Assam Railway and Trading Company (ARTC) struck oil at Digboi
marketing in 1889, the beginning of oil production in India.

The Government of India taken over the Burmah Shell Group of Companies on
24th January 1976 to form Bharat Refineries Limited. It was renamed as Bharat Petroleum
Corporation Limited on 1st August 1977. Company was also first refinery to process newly
found indigenous crude (Bombay High) in the country.

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 Company offers Fuel Stations (Petrol Pump) across the country, selling Petrol,
Automotive, Diesel and LPG & CNG. Products and services of company are designed to
meet the needs of customers, which has led the company to create specialized Fuel Station
formats like Pure for Sure, Pure for Sure Platinum, Ghar, Highway Star and other.
Company have a network of 13,439 Fuel Stations across the country.

With 8,403 fully automated Fuel Stations company offer wide range of products
and services which includes Petrol & Diesel fuel to Speed and Speed 97 (which are
premium petrol with better driving experience and higher octane numbers) to convenience
stores, like In & Out, Restaurants and ATMs.

2.6.2 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)

In 1974, The Company was incorporated after the takeover and merger of erstwhile
Esso Standard and Lube India Limited by the Esso (Acquisition of undertaking in India)
Act 1974. Caltex Oil Refining India Limited (CORIL) was taken over by the Government
of India in the year of 1976 and merged with HPCL in the year of 1978 by the CORIL-
HPCL Amalgamation Order 1978. By the Kosan Gas Company Acquisition Act 1979,
Kosan Gas Company was merged with HPCL in 1979.

The company is an Indian state owned oil and natural gas company with
headquarters at Mumbai, Maharashtra. Company has about 25% market share in India
among public sector units (PUS) with strong marketing infrastructure. ONGC owns
51.11% shares in HPCL and remaining are distributed amongst financial institutes, public
and other investor. As of 2016, the company is ranked 367th on the Fortune Global 500 list
of the world’s biggest corporations.

Company operates with two major refineries which producing a wide variety of
petroleum fuels and specialties, one in Vishakapatnam and other in Mumbai. An equity
stake of 16.95% of Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals is holds by HPCL. As a joint
venture with Mittal Energy Investment, company is constructing a refinery at Bhatinda.

Business area of company are refineries, aviation bulk fuels and specialties, LPG
(HP gas), international trade, exploration & production, lubes (HP Lubes), retail (petrol
pumps, etc.) and alternate energy. Company having vast marketing network which consists
zonal offices in major cities and regional offices facilitated by a supply and distribution

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infrastructure comprising aviation service stations, terminals, inland relay depots, retail
outlets, lube and LPG distributorships and LPG bottling plants.

2.6.3 Indian Oil Corporation (IOC)

Indian Oil Corporation, India’s flagship national national oil company and
petroleum major was incorporated on 30 June 1959 as an Indian Oil Company. On
September 1, 1964, the company was renamed as Indian Oil Corporation following the
merger of Indian Refineries which was established in 1958 with IOC. With a combined
refining capacity of 60.2 million metric tonnes per annum the Indian Oil Group of
companies owns and operates ten of India’s twenty refineries. These includes two refineries
of subsidiary Chennai Petroleum Corporation. Cross country network of crude oil and
product pipelines of company spanning over 10,000 km and the largest in the country which
meets the vital energy requirements of the consumers in an economical, environment
friendly and efficient manner.

The company reaches petroleum product to millions of people every day through a
countywide network of about 35,000 selling points. They are backed for supplies by 167
bulk storage depots and terminals, 89 Indane (LPG) bottling plants and 101 aviation fuel
stations. They are about 7,335 bulk consumer pumps also in operation for the convenience
of consumer, which ensuring products and inventory at their doorstep. The company
operates largest and widest network of petrol and diesel stations in India, which is around
18,278. It provides Indane cooking gas to over 53 million households through a network of
about 5,000 Indane distributors in nearly 2,700 markets. The Indian Oil commands over
63% market share in the aviation fuel business with having ISO-9002 certified Aviation
Service, company meet the fuel needs of domestic and international flag carriers, Indian
Defense Services and private airlines. The company also has a dominant share of the bulk
consumer business which include state transport undertakings, industrial, marine sectors,
railways and agricultural.

The company having Research & Development Centre is perhaps Asia’s finest.
Company besides pioneering work in refinery processes, alternative fuels, pipeline
transportation and lubricants formulations, the center is also the nodal agency of the Indian
hydrocarbon sector for ushering in hydrogen fuel economy in the India. To set up joint
ventures in various cities of India the company has tied up with several players such as
Reliance Gas Corporation, Adani Energy, ONGC, etc. The corporation has also entered

54
into franchise agreements with Mahanagar Gas Limited, GSPC Gas Limited, SITI Energy,
GEECL, Adani Energy Limited and Indraprastha Gas Limited to market CNG through its
retail outlets.

2.6.4 Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL)

MRPL, before acquisition by ONGC in March 2003, was a joint venture Oil
Refinery promoted by M/s IRIL & associates (AV Birla Group) and M/s Hindustan
Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) which is a public sector company. With the initial
processing cpapcity of 3 Million Metric tonnes Per Annum MRPL was set up in 1988.
Which was later expanded to the present capacity of 15 MMTPA. ONGC acquired the total
shareholding of A.V. Birla Group and further infused equity capital of Rs.600 crores on
28th March 2003 which make MRPL a majority held subsidiary of ONGC.

MRPL is located in a hilly terrain at a north of Mangaluru city, in Dakshina Kannada

District of Karnataka State in India. MRPL owns and operates ONGC Mangalore
Petrochemicals Limited (OMPL) with its parent company Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
Limited (ONGC), OMPL a petrochemical unit capable of producing 1 Million Tonnes of
Para Xylene. OMPL is situated at the adjacent Mangalore Special Economic Zone (MSEZ)
and is integrated with the refinery operations. Para Xylene of OMPL is sold in the export
market. MRPL and Shell has 50:50 joint venture in Shell MRPL Aviation Fuels and
Services Limited (SMA), markets aviation turbine fuel (ATF) to airlines for both domestic
and International carriers. From MRPL Refinery Complex SMA procures ATF, and
supplies at Goa, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Mangalore, Chennai, Calicut and Madurai. SMA
also provides services to International Carriers through alternative supply arrangement at
Delhi, Kolkatta and Mumbai.

The company has also maintained timely supplies to State Trading Corporation,
Mauritius which has a long term supply contract with company. The MRPL has been
continuously supply fuel requirement to mauritius for the past dacade.

2.6.5 Reliance Industries Limited (RIL)

Reliance Petroleum Limited is a company owned by the Reliance Industries Limited

(RIL) which is one of India’s largest private sector companies. It is based in Ahmedabad
Gujarat India and has interests in the oil business. RPL also benefits from a strategic
alliance with Chevron India Holding Private Limited (Singapore) which is a wholly owned

55
subsidiary of Chevron Corporation USA and holds a 5% equity stake in the company. The
Jamnagar manufacturing division of the company is the world’s largest refining hub. The
entire refining complex was ready in a record time at globally competitive capital cost, at
costs much lower than comparable refineries around the world. Its design, scale, level of
automation, degree of integration and flexibility heralded the way refineries of the future
would be built. The quick growth of the company reflects at the heart of India’s
transformation. Company has transformed India to net exporter of petroleum products from
being net importer of petroleum products, which ensuring the nation’s energy security.

Company has capacity of 1.24 million Barrels per Stream Day (BPSD), the
Jamnagar refinery is a trendsetter and also won several awards like ‘International Refiner
of The Year’ award. It also has the distinction of housing some of the world’s largest units
like Polypropylene plants, Alkylation, Coker and Fluidised Catalytic Cracker (FCC).
Refinery also export fuels to several countries across the world. It is future ready and can
produce diesel of any grade and gasoline. Reliance also has another refinery in the Special
Economic Zone at Jamnagar which is sixth largest in the world. It has a capacity of
processing 5, 80,000 BPD of crude. Product of the company includes LPG, Propylene,
Naphtha, Gasoline, Jet Aviation Turbine Fuel, Superior Kerosene Oil, High Speed Diesel,
Sulphur, Petroleum Coke, etc.
2.7 Steel Industry
India was the third largest steel producer as well as steel consumer in world in the
year 2017. Domestic availability of raw materials such as iron ore and cost effective labour
lead the growth in the Indian steel sector. Consequently, the steel sector has been a major
contributor to manufacturing output of India. Indian Steel Industry having very modern
state of the art steel mills. Indian Steel Industries classified into three categories like major
producers, main producer and secondary producers.

Modern steel making process in India began with the setting of first blast furnance
at Kulti in the year 1870 and production started in 1874, which was set up by Bengal Iron
Works in India. In 1907, TATA Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was established by
Dorabji TATA as a part of his father’s conglomerate. It operated the largest steel plant in
the British Empire by 1939. The company launched a major expansion and modernization
program in 1951. Prime minister at that time Jawaharlal Nehru, a believer in Harold Laski’s
Fabian Socialism, had decided that the technological revolution in India needed
maximization of production of steel. Therefore he formed a government owned company

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known as Hindustan Steel Limited (HSL) and set up three steel plants in the year 1950s.
The steel industry of India began expanding into Europe in the 21st century. In January
2007, TATA Steel made a successful $11.3 billion offer to buy European Steel maker
corpus group. Mittal Steel Company (based in London but with Indian management)
acquired Arcelor for $34.3 billion to become the world’s biggest steel maker, Arcelor
Mittal, in 2006 with 10% of the world’s output.

Most iron and steel is produced from iron ore in India. The Ministry of steel in India
is concerned with the coordination and planning of the development and growth of the iron
and steel industry in the country, both in private and public sectors. It also focus in
formulation of policies with respect to production, pricing, distribution, export and import
of steel and iron, refractories and ferro alloys and the development of input industries
relating to iron ore, chrome ore, manganese ore and refractories etc. which required mainly
by the steel industry. Most of the public sector undertakings market their steel through the
Steel Authority of India (SAIL) in India.
2.7.1 Jindal Steel & Power Limited (JSPL)
In the year 1990, Jindal Steel & Power Limited was established by having of the
Raipur & Raigarh Divisions of Jindal Strips Limited. JSPL forms a part of the Rs. 60,000
crore ($12 Billion) Jindal Group. JSPL is a leading player in Steel, Mining, Power,
Infrastructure and Oil & Gas. The company through its backward integration from its own
captive coal and iron ore mines produces economical and efficient steel and power and
passes on the benefits to its customers. The O P Jindal Group has emerged as one of India’s
dynamic business groups. Operation of group includes mining iron ore and coal, produces
sponge iron, ferro alloy and a wide range of cold-rolled and hot-rolled steel products
ranging from coils, sheets, plates, hot-rolled structural sections, high grade pipes as well as
value added items such as stainless steel, coated pipes and galvanized steel.
It has not only diversified into power generation but also into petroleum, diamond,
high value metals, mineral exploration and infrastructure. The group has manufacturing
facilities across India, Indonesia & US and marketing as well as representative offices
across the globe. Product range of company includes Rails under which company has
pioneered in the manufacturing of 120 meter long track rails in the Indian sub-continent.
Parallel Flange Sections, in this, company is pioneered the production of large and medium
size Hot Rolled Parallel Flange Beams and Column Sections in India. The beams are cost
effective as well as provides flexibility. Plates & Coils under this category company

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produces plates and coils of 3 and 3.5 meters width, respectively, for the first time in the
private sector. The products are of premium quality and owing to its sound steel refining
properties. Company also makes Semi-finished products and Ferro Chrome.

2.7.2 Jindal South West Limited (JSW)

JSW is a part of $10 billion OP Jindal Group. It has presence across various sectors
like Steel, Minerals, Energy, Port & Infrastructure, IT, Aluminium and Cement. The
flagship company of the JSW Group, JSW Steel, is an integrated steel manufacturer. In
terms of installed capacity, it is the largest private sector steel manufacturer. In 1982, the
group set up its first steel plant at vasind near Mumbai. It also acquired Piramal Steel
Limited soon after, which operated a mini steel mill at Tarapur in Maharashtra. The Jindals,
renamed it as Jindal Iron and Steel Company (JISCO). In 1994, Jindal Vijayanagar Steel
(JVSL) was setup, its plant located at Toranagallu in the Bellay-Hospet area of Karnataka.
It is engaged in producing high-grade iron ore belt and spread over 3,700 acres of land.
JISCO and JVSL merged and form JSW Steel.
JSW Steel is one of the lowest cost steel producer in the whole world. Company’s
global operations include a plate and pipe mill in the US and the company has acquired
mining assets in USA, Mozambique and Chile. Manufacturing units of the company located
in Bellary District near Bangalore, near Mumbai as well as Tamil Nadu. Its manufacturing
facilities, Vijaynagar Works in Bellary district is the first Greenfield project in world to
have Corex technology for production of hot metal. Company’s Vasid & Tarapur Works,
located near Mumbai, is biggest producer of India and largest exporter of galvanized Steel.
Tamil Nadu Plant of the company, Salem Works manufactures Steel, Pig Iron, Rolled Steel
and Billet. Company is third largest steel maker in India and has received various
certifications such as ISO: 14001 for Environment Management System, OHSAS: 18001
for Occupational Health and Safety Management System and ISO: 9001 for Quality
Management System.
2.7.3 Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
Steel Authority of India (SAIL) was established in 1954 and is India’s largest state-
owned iron ore producer. It is India’s leading steel making company in India. It also has
country’s second largest mines network and having all plants certified by ISO. Company
manufactures and sells a wide variety of steel products such as cold and rot rolled coils and
sheets, electrical sheets, alloy steels, stainless steel, railway products, structural, bars and

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rods. Company also produces long and flat steel product, which is in demand in both
domestic as well as in international market. SAIL produces steel for defense industries, sale
in export market, engineering, power, railway and domestic construction. Plants of the
company are located in West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Karnataka and
Jharkhand. Maharashtra Elektrosmelt (MEL) is subsidiary of SAIL. The company has joint
venture with many big companies like Manganese Ore, BMW Industries, Jaiprakash
Associates, NTPC, Damodar Valley Corporation and Tata Steel.
Company has Central Marketing Organisation (CMO) as well as the International
Trade Division which has 54 stockyards and 34 branch offices located in major towns and
cities of India. To develop new technology for steel industry company has a Research and
Development center in Ranchi. SAIL Consultancy Division (SAILCON) provides a
spectrum of services to the iron, steel and other industries in both India and abroad.
Company is in the process of expanding and modernizing its production units, raw material
resource and other facilities for maintaining its dominant position in the Indian Steel
market.

2.7.4 Steel Exchange India Limited

Steel Exchange India Limited has been established in the field of iron as well as
steel manufacturing. SEIL was incorporated in February 1999 as Pyxis Technology
Solutions Limited. The company promoted by team of friends, technocrats and relatives.
Promoters were originally aim into trading of steel and steel related product under the name
of Vizag profiles. The Steel Exchange India Ltd was incorporated as 100% subsidiary of
Pyxis Technologies in December 1999.
Steel Exchange India Ltd. key Products include Rebar & Wires, Billets & Ingots,
Power, Pig Iron & Scrap, Coal Fines, Iron Ore Fines, Structural, Scrap Steel, Mill Scale,
Sponge Iron and Coal.The company operates in six divisions, namely Steel Melting
Division, Trading Division, Rolling Division, Wire Drawing, Galvanized Wire Division &
HC Wire Products, Pyxis Software Division and Sponge Iron Division. The Trading
Division deals with a range of products like sponge iron, semi as well as finished steel
products. They also deal with the products which manufactured by RINL (Vizag Steel),
their own manufacturing divisions as well as other manufacturers for special products. The
Steel Melting Division of the company manufactures ingots using sponge iron, scrap and
pig iron. The Rolling Division has mainly two rolling units which produce steel rebars and

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thousand metric tons (TMT) bars. The two units of company, Wire Drawing and HC Wire
Products & Galvanized Wire Division are produce wire products, galvanized wire product
and carbon steel wire products.
The Pyxis Software Division of company deals with the development of software
and software products. The Sponge Iron Division of company is located at Viziznagaram
District with having a capacity of 225,000 TPA. As per the amalgamation scheme, Steel
Exchange India Ltd and Simhadri Steels Pvt Ltd were amalgamated with the company and
the name of company was changed to Steel Exchange India Ltd with effect from April
2003. During the year 2006-07, the company entered a scheme of arrangement with Vizag
Profiles Ltd with the object of transferring the Steel Division of Vizag Profiles Limited to
the company. On 1 April 2006, Vizag Profiles Ltd merged with the company.

2.7.5 TATA Iron and Steel Company Limited

Tata Steel was established in 1907, it is a flagship company of the Tata group and
it is the first integrated steel plant in Asia which is the world’s second most geographically
diversified steel producer as well as a Fortune 500 Company. Tata Steel is the world’s sixth
largest steel company. Tata Steel has a global presence in over 50 developed European as
well as fast growing Asian markets and manufacturing units in over 26 countries. Through
the investments in NatSteel Holding Singapore, Millennium Steel (renamed as Tata Steel
Thailand) and Corus, Tata Steel has created a manufacturing and marketing network in
South East Asia, Europe and the Pacific Rim countries. Corus which manufacture steel, has
operation in the Netherlands, UK, Belgium, Germany, France and Norway. Tata steel
Thailand is the Thailand’s largest producer of long steel products. Tata Steel has proposed
mini blast furnace project in Thailand. NatSteel Holdings produce steel products across its
regional operation in seven countries.
Through its joint venture with Tata BlueScope Steel Limited, Tata Steel has entered
into the steel building and construction applications market. Company has distinct
advantage in raw material sourcing through availability of iron ore mines and collieries in
India. Tata Steel is also striving towards raw materials security through the joint ventures
in Australia, Thailand, Oman, Mozambique and Ivory Coast (West Africa). Tata Steel has
signed an agreement with SAIL to establish a 50:50 joint venture company for coal mining
in country. Company also has bought 19.9% stake in New Millennium Capital Corporation,
Canada for iron ore mining. Company has various business division like Bearing Division,

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Ferro Alloys and Minerals Division, Agrico Division, Tata Growth Shop, Tubes Division
and Wire Division.
2.8 Tyre Industry
Before the invention of pneumatic or air filled tyres people use to made tyres from
wooden wheels on which leather or iron bands placed which protects the tyre and increase
their life. From the French word ‘Tirer’ the word tyre has been derived which means ‘to
pull’. A craftsman who makes wooden tyres were known as wheelwright and was famously
recognized as the pioneer of this type of tyres. To create rubber from sap from trees in area
of Amazon ‘Charles Macintosh’ experiment in 1800’s but because of weather extremities
it could not withstand.
In 1893, vulcanized rubber was discovered by Charles Goodyear by adding sulphur
and making it elastic as well as strong enough to be used as cushion tyres for cycles. A
Scottish inventor Robert Willian invented pneumatic or air filled tyres in 1845 which was
patented by him. But due to its several limitation it never went into production. A John
Boyd Dunlop who is from Ireland came up with the first practical pneumatic tyre which
became Dunlop tyres later on in 1888. This tyres became popular in bicycles due to growing
use of it on late 18th century. In 1891, the Michelin brothers, Edouard and Andre invented
the detachable pneumatic tyre and used on automobiles. This tyre consisted of a tube bolted
on to the rim.
For the next fifty years after its invention process of making pneumatic rubber tyre
pass through tremendous engineering advances. In 1946 Michelin develop the Radial tyres
and it became more popular than bias-ply tyre across Asia and Europe because of its ability
of better handling and fuel efficiency. Dunlop Rubber Limited, the first company in India
which set a tyre company in 1926 in West Bengal. By follow the footsteps of Dunlop
Rubber Limited, The Madras Rubber Factory Limited (MRF) entered the tyre
manufacturing market in 1946 with it company also ventured into manufacturing tread
rubber in 1952. Around one million people employs in Indian tyre industry including
dealers, retraders and growers of natural rubber.
The India has advantage of easy availability of natural rubber which is used in
manufacturing the tyres. In India few major players are having strong control over tyre
industry top four companies having around 77 percent of industry market share. Basically,
this industry is raw material intensive as raw material constituting over 63 percent of the
sales turnover and 72 percent of production cost. India has a good market in replacement

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segment as well as in the original equipment manufacturers (OEM). Export market for tyre
also play a good role. Overall GDP growth, growth, in vehicle demand, industrial and
agricultural production are consider as primary factors for the demand and growth for the
tyre industry. Beside primary factors, secondary factors like prevailing interest rates and
infrastructure development also affect demand of tyre.
As the number of vehicles increased, the demand for tyres also incrase. The
development of economy needs good transportation, infrastructure, connectivity of
different area etc. This all factor include the vehicle necessity and as demand of different
vehicle increase demand for tyre automatically increased. In India demand of cross-ply tyre
is high then the demand of radial tyre because of overloading and bad road conditions.
Generally two type tyres are used which including cross or bias-ply and second is radial
tyre.
 Cross-ply tyre
In this type of tyres, the ply cords run across each other or diagonally to the outer
surface of the tyre. Nylon and Rayon tyre cords are used as the reinforcing medium. During
their lifetime these tyre can be reteaded twice and because of which preferred by Indian
transporters who generally overload their trucks.
 Radial Tyre
In this type, tyres have their cords running radically from bead at 90 degrees angle
to the rim or along the outer surface of the tyre. Polyester, Fiberglass, Nylon and Steel are
used as reinforcing mediums in these tyres. Because of which this tyre is 20% more
expensive than the cross-ply tyres, but with that radial tyre has longer life as well as
providing lower fuel consumption.

Considering the global trend of around 40-60 ratio of cross-ply and radial tyre, in
India only around 5% radial tyre is used because of unhealthy condition of Indian roads.
Many companies try to improve the quality of tyre and provide better customer satisfaction
in term of good response to this market. From last few years tubeless tyre also gain the
importance in market tubeless tyre has its own advantages like less chances of sudden
puncher because of having no tube. Growing two wheeler and four wheeler market has
good opportunities for tyre industry to grab Indian market. Some major players has control
over the tyre industry in India. This industry is basically capital intensive industry as its
required large capital to start the manufacturing. The cost of natural and synthetic rubber is
having significant portion in total cost of raw material.

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 Because of this reason very few company entered into this market. Considering the
various aspects it can be clear that demand of tyre is increasing continuously as the
transportation, passenger vehicles and two wheelers are increase day by day. Although
company facing competition in price. Many company need to deal with competitive price
as the major buyers, specially original equipment manufacturers (OEM) has strong barging
power. Major players in India is MRF, Apollo, JK and CEAT.

2.8.1 Apollo Tyres Limited

Apollo Tyre was basically incepted in year 1975 with its first plant started in
Perambra, Kerala. It is a leading Indian tyre manufacturer and it is also a high performance
company. Headquarter situated at Gurgaon, it is registered as a company in 1976, Apollo
believe in its core principles of creating stakeholder value through reliability of product and
dependability in relationships of it. Company introducing first farm radials and first range
of high speed tubeless passenger car tyres in India. In 2006, company first time ventured
outside India in its quest to test itself outside comforts of home country, it acquired Dunlop
Tyres International Pty (private) in South Africa and Zimbabwe, company renamed it as
Apollo Tyres South Africa Pty, taking on Southern Africa as its second domestic market.
Across 30 African countries the company holds brand right for the Dunlop brand.

Apollo acquired Vredestein Banden B V in the Netherlands which thereby adding

Europe as its third crucial market in 2009. By partnering with Rahimafrooz Distribution
which is manufacturer and distributor of automotive and industrial batteries, Apollo Tyres
entered into the Bangladesh market in 2010. For increasing its investments of around Rs.
2,100 crore as a part of its Greenfield project, on the back of expected demand for the
product, the company entered into a supplementary Memorandum of Understanding with
Tamil Nadu government in the year 2011. The company produces the entire range of
automotive tyres for ultra and high speed passenger car, truck, bus, farm, industrial and
specialty applications like mining, off the road, retreading material and retreaded tyres.
Company manufacture its product at eight manufacturing locations in India, Southern
Africa and Netherlands. Apollo, Kaizen, Vredestein, Regal, Maloya and Dunlop are major
brands produced across different locations. In the Europe, Southern Africa and three
domestic markets in India, company operates through a network of exclusive or multi-
product, branded outlets.

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 In South Africa the branded outlets are known as Dunlop Zones, while in India they
have various names like Apollo Radial World (for passenger cars), Apollo Tyre World (for
commercial vehicles). Company export its product over 70 destinations across the world
with the help of three key manufacturing locations of company, major export countries
includes Africa, Europe, the Middle East and South-East Asia. Product range of company
includes passenger car tyres, alloy wheels, van tyres, sports utility tyres, heavy commercial
tyres, passenger winter tyres, off the road tyres, agriculture cross ply tyres, light commercial
tyres, small commercial tyres, speciality vehicles tyres and agriculture radial tyres.

2.8.2 Balkrishna Industries Limited (BKT)

Balkrishna Industries Limited was incorporated on November 20, 1961. Balkrishna

Industries Limited has Headquartere in Mumbai India and is a leading manufacturer in the
Off-Highway tire market. The company do production of range of off-highway tyres which
includes agricultural industry, material handling forestry lawn, garden construction and
earth moving tyres. The BKT has a worldwide distribution network which helps in
extensive reach as well as penetration. The company gets its majority revenue from exports.
The company has five production sites in Aurangabad, Bhuj, Bhiwadi, Chopanki and
Dombivali. The company has four subsidiaries in North America and Europe in that first is
BKT Europe S.r.l. in Seregno Italy second is BKT Tires USA Inc. in Akron Ohio third is
BKT Tires Canada Inc. in Toronto and forth is BKT Tires Inc. in Brentwood Tennessee.
Through a network of national distributors the company sells its products over 130
countries worldwide. In 1987, The Company set up its first plant at Aurangabad.

The company acquired the Auto Tyre Plant of Govind Rubber Limited at Bhiwadi
in Rajasthan during 2002-03. The BKT launched Tractor Radial Tyres in 2004-05. Near
Jaisalmer in Rajasthan, company installed 5 MW Wind-Farm for captive usage. The
company has set up a 100% subsidiary company BKT (Europe) Ltd in UK in February
2005 and commenced its activities on April 1, 2005 to promote sales and marketing of the
products of their tyre division in Europe. In August 30, 2006 the company as a wholly
owned subsidiary company incorporated BKT Europe srl in Italy and in January 2007 they
incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary BKT Exim Ltd.

The company incorporated Balkrishna Synthetic Ltd and Balkrishna Paper Mills
Ltd in March 2007 as wholly owned subsidiary companies to facilitate the transfer of their
textile and paper processing business respectively. The company has three business

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activities under their umbrella namely tyre, textile and paper processing. The tyre business
is a focused business activity of the BKT that constitutes more than company’s 80% of total
business and because of which this becomes their core business. Over 95% of the tire
production is exported under the BKT brand and having main export markets in Western
Europe, Australasia and North America including original equipment manufacturers.

2.8.3 CEAT Limited

CEAT is among the best tyre manufacturers in India and incorporated in 1958. The
company manufacture and markets tubes and flaps besides tyres. The company
manufactures a wide range of tyres for three-wheelers, two-wheelers, four-wheelers,
tippers, trucks and tractors. CEAT International was commissioned at Turino in Italy which
manufacture cables for telephones and railways in 1924. Later, CEAT forayed into the
Indian market leading to formation of CEAT Tyres of India in 1958. The company was
formed by collaboration with the TATA Group.

The RPG Group took over the control of CEAT Tyres of India in 1982 and the
company was rechristened as CEAT in 1990. The company has capacity to manufacture
over 6 million tyres on an annual basis. Company operates four manufacturing plants in
which two in Mumbai and Nashik and two in Sri Lanka. For tyres, tubes and flaps it has 10
outsourcing units. The company also operates three 2-3 wheeler plants controlled by
CEAT. In Africa, USA, America, Australia and other part of Asia, CEAT exports its tyres.
Since 1984, R&D activity conducted by company that focuses on providing customer a
high-end product. Company also received ISO/TS16949 certification for quality
management for its manufacturing units.

2.8.4 TVS Srichakra Limited

TVS Shrichakra is engaged in the work of tyre manufacturing which was

incorporated in the year 1982 with the name Srichakra Tyres. The company is one of the
leading two as well as three wheeler tyre manufacturing in India. The fonder of TVS
Shrichakra was Sri T V Sundaram Iyengar. The company is part of 2.2 $ billion largest auto
ancillary TVS Group.

Product range of company include two and three wheeler tyres and tubes cater to
the domestic market and industrial pneumatic tyres, farm and implements tyres,
multipurpose tyres, skid steer tyres, flotation tyres etc. The manufacturing unit of company

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is spread across an area of 2.5 lakh sq. meters which is located at Madurai in Tamil Nadu.
The employee strength of company is around 2,000 people. The company supplies tyres to
major companies namely Hero, Honda, TVS Motors, Bajaj Auto, Yamaha Motors,
Mahindra Two Wheelers, Piaggio and Atul Auto.

The company has network of around 2,400 dealers and 34 depots. Company also
supply its product globally to Europe, USA, South East Asia, South Ameriaca and Africa.
Various certificate has also received by company such as ISO 14001, ISO 9001, ISO 9001-
2000 and TS 16949 for its quality management. The company is also got TPM Excellence
Award in 2003 and TPM Consistency Award in 2005. The company won for third
successive year the Energy and Conservation Award from the Government of India which
is a singular and unique achievement in optimum utilization of energy.

2.8.5 JK Tyre & Industries Limited (JK Tyre)

In 14 February 1951 JK Tyre was incorporated as a private limited company in

West Bengal. The company was engaged in the managing agency business until March 31,
1970. Thereafter in February 1972, JK Tyre decided to undertake activity of manufacturing
and obtain a letter of intent for the manufacture of automobile tyres and tubes. Under the
umbrella of JK Organisation, JK Tyre & Industries stands as Flagship Company. JK Tyre
is the pioneer for Steel Radial technology in country. The JK tyre produces and sells tyres
& tubes under its brand name ‘JK Tyre’ for Buses, Truck, Passenger Cars, Multi Utility
Vehicles, Tractors, Jeeps and Light Commercial Vehicles. The three plants of the company
located in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan. Company is the largest manufacturer
of bus and truck tyres in India. The bus and truck tyres produced account for nearly 74%
of the total tyre market in India.

In 1997, JK Industries acquired Vikrant Tyres, Mysore. JK Industries and Vikrant

Tyres are the tyre companies in India which received all three ISO 9000, ISO 14001 and
QS 9000 certificates. To keep pace with latest technological development, the JK Tyre has
a technical collaboration with Continental AG, Germany. To stay up to date with
technological advancement company has Research & Development center, HASETRI, was
set up, and it remains the nerve center for providing great support in this cutting edge
technology. The company use the latest tools & techniques for designing tyres for the
vehicles which enable them to judge and eliminate any chance of failure at the early

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drawing board stage only. The Radials are manufactured in an air conditioned plant which
equipped with the fine machines which result into constant providing good quality.

2.9 Conclusion

In this chapter, selected thirty five companies showing different information,

culture, objectives and management practices of company through which they run its
business and has a significant presence in the market. The researcher conclude that, all the
industry and company has its distinct image and brand loyalty in particular sector which
shows the importance of the industry and company in overall economy of the country.

67
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Golas, A. B. (2011). The influence of WCM on the food industry enterprises profitability.

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Websites

https://www.acclimited.com/

https://www.ambujacement.com/

https://www.shreecement.com/

https://www.ultratechcement.com/

http://www.ramcocements.in/

http://chambalfertilisers.com/

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https://coromandel.biz/

https://www.gnfc.in/

https://www.gsfclimited.com/

http://www.rcfltd.com/index.php/hi/

http://britannia.co.in/

https://www.hap.in/

http://www.krblrice.com/

https://www.nestle.in/

https://www.gsk.com/

https://www.aurobindo.com/

https://www.cipla.com/en/

https://www.drreddys.com/

https://www.lupin.com/

https://www.sunpharma.com/

https://www.bharatpetroleum.com/

https://www.hindustanpetroleum.com/

https://www.iocl.com/

https://www.mrpl.co.in/

https://www.ril.com/

https://www.jindalsteelpower.com/

https://www.jsw.in/

https://www.sail.co.in/

http://www.seil.co.in/

https://www.tatasteel.com/

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https://www.apollotyres.com/en-in/car-suv-van/tyre-finder/

https://www.bkt-tires.com/en

https://www.ceat.com/

https://www.tvstyres.com/

https://www.jktyre.com/

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