Eigenvalues &

Eigenvectors Application
Machine Learning
Reported By: Jaber A. Sangcopan
 Eigenvector &
Eigenvalue

For calculating the eigenvalues, one needs to solve the

following equation:
Eigenvectors are the vectors that when multiplied Ax=λx
by a matrix (linear combination or transformation) Ax–λx=0
result in another vector having the same direction (A–λI)x=0
but scaled (hence scaler multiple) in forward or
reverse direction by a magnitude of the scaler For non-zero eigenvector, the eigenvalues can be determined
multiple which can be termed as Eigenvalue. In by solving the following equation:
simpler words, the eigenvalues are scalar values A–λI=0
that represent the scaling factor by which a vector
is transformed when a linear transformation is In above equation, I is identity matrix, x is eigenvector, and λ
applied. In other words, eigenvalues are the values is eigenvalue. Once eigenvalues are determined, eigenvectors
that scale eigenvectors when a linear are determined by solving the equation (A–λI)x=0
transformation is applied.
When the matrix multiplication with vector results in another vector in the same/opposite
direction but scaled in forward / reverse direction by a magnitude of scaler multiple or
eigenvalue (λ), then the vector is called the eigenvector of that matrix. Here is the
diagram representing the eigenvector x of matrix A because the vector Ax is in the
same/opposite direction of x.
 Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors
Application:
Machine Learning ( Feature Extraction)
 Is a branch of artificial
What is intelligence(AI) and
computer science which

Machine Learning? focuses on the use of

data and algorithms to
imitate the way that
humans learn, gradually
improving its accuracy.

Renowoned Examples:

Google PageRank - Search Engines produces

"good-stuff" highly connected to the searched.

Netflix Recommendation List - Produces highly

compatible and similarity to the user preference.
 What is
Feature Extraction?

A process of identifying the most important

features of a dataset that can be used to
model and analyze the data.

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors can be used

to extract the most important features of a
dataset by identifying the directions of
maximum variation in the data
EXAMPLE:

Google
PageRank
(Algorithm)
 Ranks the importance of web
pages according to an
eigenvector of a weighted link
matrix

Quantitatively rates the importance

What is Google
PageRank (Algorithm)?
of each page on the web, allowing
Google to rank the pages and thereby
present to the user the more important
(and typically most relevant and
helpful) pages first.
 How it works Google
PageRank (Algorithm)?

1. Crawl the web and locate all web pages with public access.

2. Index the data from step 1, so that it can be searched efficiently for relevant keywords
or phrases.

3. Rate the importance of each page in the database, so that when a user does a search
and the subset of pages in the database with the desired information has been found, the
more important pages can be presented first.
The Basic Concept:
Assign "Scores" or simply its importance,
wherein calculated based on how many
webpages are connected to.

Example: Given a webpage 1, 2, 3, and 4;

Webpage 1 redirects to Webpages 2, 3 , and 4;
Webpage 2 redirects to Webpages 3 and 4;
Webpage 3 redirects to Webpage 1;
And Webpage 4 redirects to Webpage 1 and 3.
Webpage 3 would be the most important,
Webpages 1 and 4 tie for second, and Webpage
2 is least important
 Thank you for listening!

References:
https://www.ibm.com/topics/machine-learning

https://vitalflux.com/why-when-use-eigenvalue-eigenvector/#:~:text=They%20provide%20a%20way%20to,building%20blocks%20of%20linear%20transformations.

https://www.rose-hulman.edu/~bryan/googleFinalVersionFixed.pdf

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-uses-of-eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors-in-the-field-of-computer-science