(es aration Tenge ever Sonat Tope BRE sincedrect Glass Transition Temperature The glas transition temperature (Tis defined as the temperature at ‘or above which the molecular structure exhibits macromolecular mobility cling Technology, Related terms: Balas, Dire canning Clorimetn, Thermoplastic, Colton, Modul Glass ibs, ease Suengih Introduction to Plastics Engineering Aeshuman Shrivstoa in Intducion to Pls Engineering, 2018. 1.2.1 Glass Transition and Meking Temperatures Glas rastiontenpersure i eserbed 3 the trperstire at which 30-50 hon chung str fo move. A the glass rarsiton temperature the amorphous saplans experience aston fom rig sate to more faible tate making the temperature at the border ofthe sali state rubbery state is ab si that at this temperature the Fie lume gap between the molecar ching increases by 25tine Glass ranston temperature is yards propery ofthe smorphous rakes or the amorphoes portion of sical steals, ‘When the ambient temperature is below Ty the molecular chains of morphs ‘nstrss are fozen in place and behave lhe so gs. Pst materi with exible backbone show lover Tp wheres pls raters whose mokeular structures si igi, and infenble show higher Ty Gls anstion temperature helps determine various exible an rigid sppeaton ora mater [17.24 ossnmuscaneecrctcantapesmataae acerca trailor empeaire ma(es aration Tengen ever Sonat Tope Meling point lo known a¢ mek temperate isthe rite emperture above which te crystline regions in a semicrataline plastic are abl to flow. ‘Semaine palmer begin to soften above T, however, they dono demonstrate Fi behavior until he Ty range Shieved. Inger Tin Or semrytline payne i higher than ts Ty At erperature above T ut below Ts there 2 rubbery region” where the material can exhib large dlongatins under rele ow lad 25) Plate material are made up of uneven chai lengths ard require diferent amount of energy to move which means tat ToT fo amorphous and semverysalne polymers ie not ove cette termperatre buts range of tempernture during which al he cain start to mave and experience complete tow Fig, 15 illustrates the meting nd softening phenomenon of semiesaline and amorphous materals. At temperature above melting point, semen pasties exit rapid phase ange om sols to scous guid ha ean be moled {geen shapes, Even though, amorphous mater stats tanstoning into leathery fegion at 7 and confines to sen over» wide ronge of tempers Fg 15 ao Mustrats that as temperature increases above Ty, amorphous materials cuickly lose ther strength ad he semicrystalline materials continue to mann her ‘mechanical properties unt the temperature inreases a rach T ossnmuscneecrccantapesmataae ecg tran ierperaireCes aration Tempers ever Sonat ope ea] Mocs (25) 7 (sottnene) Terperatre (6) ——> Figure 15. Meking and softening behavior of emienteline and amorphous mater Bead ull hapter Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers In Chemical Resistance of Theol, 2012 1.2 Testing of Plastics The bul ofthis Boot contains tables and pots ofthe change of various proetis of plstis as 2 function of temperature, in, humiy, Fequeney, ee. The next. section ef this chapersurvmarze the standard ets, Dea on some ofthe more aman test method wl fallow Standard pasts tess ae general specied primary by two standards lorgairavons ASTM Internationa sigraly known athe Amerian Soesy fr eting and Material (ASTH) ore of thse standards ae the well-known ASTM standards. Te second orgaization isthe Interrtional Organization for Standardization, abbreviated 3150, ana sls wl know. These organizations do pt spats psi sts, but they Bath develop techni andar in ossnmuscaneecrctcantapesmataae acerca tran empeaire azune. vara (es aration Yenperte-m ever Sonat Tope steve fils need ther, They ate both wl cepted. Unfortunate they donot always agree While therein a one-to-one cavtelaton of ASTM and SO "andar, they may fern procedure and condtons which may les to sghtly iferent measures. For earpe, tensile modules canbe measured by ASTM D638 (or 1S0 527-1. while reported values are it, they ae rarely te same. These ‘Standard est ae sted in Tables 1119 1.6 Table 12, Standard Mechaical Test Apparent Sending Modules asim = oeticien of Fiton aston = Compressive Medulas astuness 0608 Compressive sength astm Ds wO60e Deformation Under Load aso = Flenral Creep astuoame = Flenval Creep Moduus - 130 6602 Fleur tength asmmpwe 80178 Flenral stuength Breck asmmone = Flea Stength Yield asmunm = Nominal Tensile Stain at Brest - sosrr1,-2 Poisons Ratio asmmene = Shear Modulus ast ora Shear Stength asmmona = Tensile Creep Modulis - \s0527-,-2 “Tens longaton a Break asin —s0s7r,-2 ossnmuscaneecrctcantapesmataae acerca trailor empeaire anzune. vara (es aration Tempers ever Sonat Tope Tense Elongation at Yield Tene Modus Tense Strength Tense Strength t Beak Tense Stengthat Ve Tense Svengh, Utimate Table 12. Standard Elastomer Tes FHongation ese Elongation Yield Elongation Set Ae Break Tear Strength ‘ear Srenth, Spt Tene Set Tene Strength t Break Tense Stength a Vee Tense Stes 3 100% Tene Sessa 200% Tense Stress t 300% Tense Ses 350% ossnmuscaneecrctcantapesmataae acerca trailor empeaire asim asta Dae asta 0638 astm pas astm on astm ona asim 004 asim on2 astm on2 asim on 180 so 577-,.2 150341 \so37zune. vara (es aration Tenge ever Sdonaect ope TBble 13. Standard Impact Tests Charpy Notched impact Stength Charpy Unotched Inpac Strength carder impat Instrumente Dart inact Multi instvamente impact very Multi! Instrumente Impact Peak Notched eo Impact Strength Reverse Noch od Impact tength Tense Impact strength Unntere no Impact Sength Table L4, Sanda Hardness ests Durometer (Shore Harcness osinmuscaneecrecantapesmataaeaecagae trailor empeaire asia 0256 Ast 0420 amp asin 0256 asi 0256 asmte 02240 10 e082 mal 130 180 150 180 1s0 868zune. vara (es aration Tenge ever Sdonaect ope ‘ble LS, Standard Elerieal Teee etl ast. 150. Dieletie Contant asmte 0150 rec 6250 Diels Strengty aso rec 601 Sure Resitiy asin 0257 re 6093 Volume Resist asta 2257 rec 60s “ble 16, Standard Therma ets Thermal astm 150. Brdeness Temperature asi 0746 150 812 Bamo: 150 om Covficient of Linear Thermal ASTM D686 150 1135941, .2 Expansion (CLIE) em pASIM EBSD HDT (Hest Deflection Temperature) — 15075 Method ¢ 340 MPs Hor a 2.80 MPs astm oes 15075 Method A Hor 045 Pa asin Deas 15075 Method 8 Temperature Brie Css Tansion Temperature ASTM E1358 - MolingTempermre(OS) = \so7146 Speci Heat asmcasi - ossnmuscaneecrctcantapesmataae acerca trailor empeaire vazune. vara (es aration Teper ever Sonat Tope Thermal asim 180 “Thermal Conductivity asimour some Via Softening Temperature ASTM DIS25 150306 Melt low RotefMelt Flow Index ASTM D238 1501153 Many piss files ave hr own ASTM and ISO guidelines for testing. These tuidlines provide standard testing procedures including sample preparation and the subdssifetin a the pase products. Some of these standards sften def are given in Table 17, “ble 17 S0 ane ATS Standards for Common Palmer Fails Polymer Family IsO Standards? Standards Acrontile-Butadene Styrene resin (48S) O15 2580- 4673-02 opi: 2003 Styene-Aryonitle ein (SAN) seotakamp2: —Da205.07 Palyyree (5) K2-Momp2 Os Palatyrene enact (5-1) 4549-03 Polyropyene >) ST-ARampa —_ON01-06> Polyetyene (PE) sT2Atamp2: —_ 04976-06 Polyinylehode pasted VCP) 2HPBLABarmpas—O1287-96 osinmuscaneecrecantapesmataaeaecagae trailor empeaire wazune. vara (es aration Tempers ever Sse Tope asm Polymer Family Is0 Standardet Standards PolyinyleNodde,unplsczed (VC-U)—LUEB-ABamp2s D706 1995 Falyethymethacyate (PMMA) sasr-ttampz: 0788-06 Palyaronate (PC) 3935-02 decals (POM) opaB-ttanp2: —06778-06 Polyamies(PA) e7eeamp2:—_o4N66-O18 2006 ‘Thermapastic peter Tr9z-akamp2s — 05927-08 Polystone (4) S526-IRomp?> _O59%0-00, Palyahenlther (PPE, PPO} 2s103-damp2: — 01515-96 “Temoplastc pester estomer c910-ARomp?>—_06895-02 Palyvingene Forde) (VOR) 0722-05 Polytraftucrotylene (PTFE) iaos Eyer TevaTuoroetylene Coplyner 0159-06 (ery Perforosony (PF) Tetauorethylene-Henauorpropylene opaymer f=) ossnmuscaneecrctcantapesmataae acerca trailor empeaire(es aration Tempers ever Sonat Tope rt ofeach 160 materi standard addresses the “Desigratry Popes” 27d par? decries spec ets, tert specmens and ert conditions 1.2. Glass Transition Temperature Te The gl transition temperature, ofen called Ty (or subg Han important property when consicering polymers for a particular end-use. The gss anton temperate isthe lempertue below wbich the physical properties of plstes change in mance: silo those ofa glasy or eysaline sate and above which ey behave ike rbbery material plastics Ty the terpersture below which molecules have lite lative maby ys sual apleable to whaly arty amorphous pss. plastics prozetes canbe dramatically dierent hove and below ts Ty. The net sections show a numb of way to measure ‘timate the Ty. Thee methods indicate how some ofthe properties change sound te Ty The vale of the gles ans temperature epends on he stain tale and colng or heating rt, there cant bean exact value for Tp ead fll chapter at eptinnsctereccamceesi Selective laser sintering in biomedical manufacturing ‘ped Haider Ris. Sanjest Chandra, in Maal Biomsarils Proesing and Medical Device Manufacturing 220 6.3.3.1 Polymers The gl trantion temperature andthe meling temperature are rnong the mast Important factors to consider when atocessing plymers via SUS These values Aisa the setng othe proces parameters an the physical, mechani, and hemialpropesies ofthe end produc are diel elated to these basi values [67 The glee vanstion terperture occurs ealernshe proces of ming. At ‘his temperature, the palmer begins ols its laste mdlus and Further heating brings itelver tae ming temperature At ths tage, fundamental ‘changes te pice athe molecl eel nd he power becorestke 3 igh visas hqul eady tase with the shilpa (68), ‘he most used polymers for aser-based fabaton systems sucha SS ate amorphous or serinstalinethermasases [62]. Theresa distin diferene in ‘he behavior of serierystaine snd amorphous polymers. The semienstaline polymers ie PAL2 havea well defined approximate ange ofvansion and ‘meking, The molecular ehan structure is organized ang haste lass anstion pssnmsconcecrccantapesnatataeaecagee train ergata sw(es aration Yenperte-m ever Sonat Tope ‘temperature close tothe rom temperature while the meling temperature Hes between 100°C and 40%C [69] On the contrary, randomized chain tutu ofthe amorphous type polymers he BC doesnot show axed glssanstion temperature. Instead, considered that t approximately 100°C the amorphous polymer reaches gs tanstion temperature andthe with an increas in ‘empertre the progressive changes tak place from a serubbery formation to {he ligid tate For many sem-zytline polymers, the erence betwen meting and crystlzaton peas i very matron which ca significa influence ‘he sintering process. The laser parameters nee appropri aumento set up the conducive heating rate to prevent ertallzation during layer generation, The ‘pheromenon may es in vpar bensing of he curling contour ofthe part Some mchaieal properties of he parts may ako be fete by this heating mode [6170] the change inthe state for amorghous pole powde's is much straightforward ince these changes a3 vicou quid a he hesting pin reaches Alighlyabove the plas tation temperature ange [71 Table 63 presents ‘optimized SLS process parameters fom several esearch investigations fr d ferent ‘ype of poles that have ben successfully used in producing biomed! devices 23). “able 63. Optimized StS process parameter for palmers and composites [2] Composition by Parte Laser power Scan speed Pobmer we temperature’) (W) (mms) Ph 100 oss lois 12vo-sono Puck 100 1 10 18 PEEK 100 neue ea so80 PEENHA agtsoo 40 1s 080 Pra Agta. «S80 isos FCYRA agt7Qj30 40 3 1270-2540 pssnmsconcecrccantapesnatataeaecagee train ergata(es aration Tenge ever Sonat Tope ea fll chapter URL epee amet BTRENEETEONS ‘What are adhesives and sealants and how do they work? John Comyn in Adbesve Bonding (Second Eton) 2071 post The gles anston temperature and cxytaliny ae properties af adhesives tat sre of ey mportancein thei Sehaviour. Adheies are cased scoring to how ‘hey harden eure The routes se evaporation oF salen ss of water, coling, and chemi reaction, Peesure-entve adhesives Go nat arden al but emai permanetl sce. The chemistries of contemporary adhesives ad sears ofa (nds ae described Physical adsorption ithe dmrnant mean by which adhesives ach to substatesitcn be investigated by measuring Hquid conta: angles. (Other means include chemi! bonding, electro, chased nterocking, and interdiisin. ead apes Lac epiosctneencambcter Carbazole Polymers Johannes Wl ink In High Perforce Polymers (Second Editon 2014 4-ter-Butyl-Benzoate Copolymers \Copakenes from Navnycarbazle and tert-butyl benzoate have Been symhesaed and etensvely characeried 3). The gl ans temperatures of copolymers wih high content of NVK deviste ‘om Fly-FxerGordorTalor equations, but they ft the Jonson equation Steaaystate fluorescence emission spec ina dluteslution of several sohets vere obtained 0 uy the in luene ofthe monomer compoion onthe Intramolecular carbszoe excimer frmavon. The amount of excimer tong Aepends on the sobent nature nd the copelyme composition, Emission spectra upon the direct excitation ofthe 4-te-but-benoate male demonstrate tht the benzsete group provides 3 hig ecient energy rarsfer to ‘he earazale groups. This fat sugges that the benzoate groups act 52 hatasentt nthe photocanducton pacese ofthe copalmers pssnmsconcecrccantapesnatatae ecg train erga sa(es aration Tenge ever Sonat Tope end fll hope Fluoroelastomers Jin George Oren, Sina Ebnesin,n ltraducon to Huoraleees (Second on), 2001 163.33 Low-Temperature Properties The gl transition temperature of PMTFPSis-754C 103°) not eit low temperature crystallization at 10°C 40°F as PMO Becase ofthis and low Ty, uaroilcane estorers rain ery exible avery low temperatures For expe, the britlenes temperature by impatASTH 7468) of commercial ureslcane vulcanizate was found -S8°C 74°F 53]. This siderably lower than the values pial measured on uorcatbon tlatores Florealicones combine the superior Rud retanee of oropolymers ith he very good low-temperature ext of icone, ea Gall chapter Plasma treated and untreated thermoplastic biopolymers/biocomposites in tissue engineering and biodegradable implants Binsy hushan, Rakesh Kuma n Mater for Siomedial Engineering, 2019 11.4.2 Thermal Properties The gls transon temperature (7, of amorphous PLA zone ofthe most Important parameter. ee well nw that dramatic changes in any polymer chain obit ae place at and above Ty PLAs not completely amorphous ence, for erieptaline PLA, both Ty and eling empestre (Tq) ar important. The mel tentaly estimates fora pure PLA of 190% cali 93g and in some apersit has een repre! ar high 5268. Te diferenial canning lorimetry {OSC results of PLA are shown In Fi, 11.4. pis tanton temperature of ound 50°C canbe clear observes in Fig 1.4 Cold exsalzation and meking uve (47.6°) were alo abserved in PLA osunmuscncecrcteantopeematetaeadensighactaraionenpehe zazune. vara (es aration Tempers ever Sonat Tope a (8 98) Sass TS, enperature 0) igure 11.4, DSC ares of at PLA, “The thermal properties of PHA based polymeric systems were significant sfected bythe sym strategy. The gl ranstn temperature of PHAa extremely low adits below roam temperature. In general ita fom 2C to 8, depending fon the ype of HAs. The degree oferty fet the making tempera of HAS. General, the meting temperature ranges ram LeO°C to 175%. The Shorter the length ofthe repeat units in HAS, the ler the meng pints. This is tributed to the formation ofless and les ere! cystal due tothe incensed ical oF ras chin fling (igh eta, 2012, 2013 Soci eta, 2012 Gusland ets, 7012) Thermogravimetric rahses (1A) ae used oases the hermal stability and degradation profles af PLAS materi, Themopravitric eure of the PLA ‘mati under net atmosphere exhibits atypical single weightloss step with a maim decompotion rat t about 70°C (Fig 115}. Te ation of nanoparticles increases the thervl degradation trperslure of PLA andthe extent ofthis incase usualy degends onthe esalation degree ofthe oganodys pssnmscncecrccantapesntataeaecagee train ergeatre| aca(es aration Tempers ever Sonat Tope 110 Mass (6) 0 10 40 20 ° 80100 180 200 750 S00 360400” a0 E00 Temperature (6) igre 1.5. TGA curves of reat PLA Inordr to understand the thermal degradation of PHAs based pales, the ody of mass bs data obtained fom dare TGA is important. Single step degradations general observed afer 300% in PHAS. There wil ete nfuence of aetives on PHAS degradation, that is there, then the degradation mechanisms of oth the palmer and the adaitive ave tobe analyzed. rane ofthe iteratres, the meting temperature ofthe medium chan length ol-3-hydroxyallanoates polymer was observed to range rom 433°C 1 655°C 7th las transition ternperature fom =1.0°C to LOC (Saber et, 2014) Low meling and plas transison temperatures were observed and it was tuted 1 te random composition of -ydronalkanctes. Areal low enthalpy of fusion was obsened as compared io 145.3 or PHA, which could be duet the amorphous nature af the plymer Arelaonship between the fal chain length of tbo acd used or the proston of Parc the paymetheral stably was cleat observed. When the inl substrate was ken as ase ai, a polymer witha degradation temperature of 264.6°C was observed. On changing ‘he Fay at pli acid or lie si, the palmer degradation temperature Increased to 302.2°C This inresen thermal stably wih increased fay ald ‘hain ngth wae suggested o be de ote increase inthe longer enn troremer ‘acon, Thisindrel favored side-chain exystallzaton resuking ina palmer with ele high gration temperature osinmuscaneecrecantapesmataaeaecagae trailor empeaire 122(es aration Tenge ever Sonat Tope end fll hope Nanostructure Formation in Thermoset/Block Copolymer and 'Thermoset/Hyperbranched Polymer Blends Yuan Meng, Xinghong Zhang, in Nanostuctued Polymer Blends, 2014 6.42 Glass Transition Temperature he pls wansivon temperate (7) a plymer isthe ciel temperature a which ne trastion between glsy and rubbery state occur [108], The use ‘emperaute Tur praia appleaors such as coatings ard adhesives general required tee below the glass tansion temperature, so tal the ‘rater ture isin gid slid state, General pony thermansts behave wel below 100°C, and some special heat-esitng specs canbe used upto 20% Dire seaming caloinetey(DSC) sear technique Ty ‘measurement. The cured spl is heated ona closely al brated Frnace, the temperature of which i monitored and compared tothe temperature of reference el. Ghsstranston ie detected aa shit inthe baelne hat associated with he change in heat capacity ofthe sample. DTA measures sess srdstrain ina pesidialy deformed sample 2d ferent lading frequencies and temperntutes, which ie anther common method ivohed in measuring transis in polymers Ty ofepory resin canbe affected by hardener addition andthe caring proces pel an inereased eosin densty brings about decease inthe Fie value inthe sample As a esult a higher ssl desi ofthe themes usually promises a bigner Ty when a hardener i sed [31]. General, ‘anostucures in theroses via incorporation of block copolymer wil lead to ‘lear depression of, compared with nest ean, uti, Ths is atrbuted tothe asization efecto mize subchain in the coplymer that strech out rein the cured network [27.29.09], Most copeymer-modifes nanostructures ermosets thus receve 3 T, decrease of 10:0 30°C, wh deren amourts of Hastier behaving subehaes inluded. Hower, the rice segments lend show 2 weakened pistcition behavior compared to hamagalyms [26 most, Ade to the coalent bond resin of copolymer seKassembhy. Meanie, fren esearch groups [814153103] have reported an ineeased Ty of hee system wth he intoduction of ferent pec lack opslmers, wich the formation of osinmuscaneecrecantapesmataaeaecagae trailor empeaire za(es aration Tempers ever Sse Tope Uunespeced and not ily understood, Nevertheless, ths phenomenon iin Aiferen way suggested to be related to an enhanced cross density ‘The gl ranston temperature of HBP determined to be rather kw ow 40°C for some structure) homeve, Taf the gd epory phase changes ile wth ton of HBP upto 10 wt, Ona slight decease in T, was observed inthe ‘ase of higher concentration (5 3,20 wt whlch implies tat there tle residual miscbty between the HBP and the epony mati after uring (65,773) Iden the use of he For equation Fen to cause the aman of HBP that remains nthe epory mark plying the ole of plastica bois 3) where Tag's the gat trartion temperate of HBP 2nd Tay the gs transion temperature of neat cured epry resin, and ws the weigh faction of ‘he HBP in the formulation 70,79), The Ty ofthe modified epony networks decreases with increasing ial cating emperstre [73 whichis understandable vith smaller page separation window The amount of HBP that rane ‘sled inthe coninuove matrix tends lo increase, due to inhbtion of HBP ‘molecules difision at high precursor conversion ead fll chapter URL epoca camber ‘Thermal characterization of materials using differential scanning calorimeter ‘Mukesh Kura Singh, Anita Singh, n Characterization of alyers ad bes, 2 9.5.3 Glas transition temperature ‘The gle ranston temperature (7) called the meting of smorphous material” and second-order anstin Hutchinson, 209). As shawn in Fig. 93.5, lass traraton ian endothermic aration pssnmsconcecrccantapesnatataeaecagee train ergata mazune. vara (es aration Temper ever Sonat Tope Figure 95. Musvation of Ty otalzation Crsalization systematic manner in along pheromenon see Fig. 96, P| Figure 9.8. Cytalienion Making tronstons: Melting of ‘dos asi empersore \ |_yT inthe lose rangement of woleelr chain na hain plyer mater. san exothermic KH Te temperature —e inateilis an endothermic thermal transition or phenomenon in whic the malcul chains become fe to move 2 any place in ‘he defined space Ae shown in semperature ange. Teint ig 9, general meting takes place sts ion of meng transition i cle as onset of meng (Urns 3° completion of ming is called 3 oft of ching Tm). ossnmuscaneecrctcantapesmataae acerca trailor empeaire(es aration Temper ever Sonat Tope heat temperature > Figure 97. Meking, ead fll chapter URL epionsctnceiecamne7 MISO Rheology and curing process of thermosets 1.6. Doringuey, in Themasts (Second Edo) 2018, 44.2 Determination ofthe Glass Transition (F,) The ples rosie tepals wooo ran oF ‘hem Avr sgnfcart change in some of he phys properties of pohmes ls train; hepa (oe composte materia anges ts behavior om a gly toa ber ste, which usally is highly rated othe untiatonempersture range ofthe materia hereto warstonsvery Crt 69} Moreover inthe caso eae rs onion othe degree of care ofthe plyne ands dependence shoul be obtained thermore ths ct cou be ued back, and te dere of ear of a bemose could be otined ty meznring pla teanaon. Oe anges inthe Tyean al employed fo dexermine rages inthe payer suc a isang eniormertal sovets to Probably he mot common techrique urd in he erature to mest Ti 56 Howey neil tecolquen ach dari rata ahs {OA thermomechanl anal TMA and heomety ate exelent efor in ariel fr igh cared thermoset defer gh reliably and [erst compare whos ecu such sx DSCrechania stg i 10-100 mer more sense tan OSC ashe change xeuring she 769. The ossnmuscaneecrctcantapesmataae acerca trailor empeaire(es aration Tempers ever Sonat Tope ‘change of helogcl variables during glass transon ira decresse ofthe sate ‘modulus anda petkof the tan Sand the vicous modulus (peaks bath aribles {do nt ypaly ccurat he same temperature. Therefore, the itera used to determine the gles tration can be the pes o onset oF he tan 8 care, the onset ofthe elastic modulus drop, othe eset or peak ofthe viscous modules curve; depencing onthe chosen eterion a signfcan diferent dference, upto 25°C canbe found nthe measured [69 An example ofthe viration ofthe ‘torage madilus andthe an 6 ofa palester polymer with diferent amounts of ‘anatase reinforcement during he las transition ofthe material's shown in ig. 45 (70. = aaa [Zoswesene iene 100. 1000. ‘Storage mos (Pa) Temperate (0) Fig. 45. Variation ofstrage mols and tan 8 with temperate Oeterinatin of, fora ranocellse reinforced unsaturted poet nanocomposites [0 The flowing st of recent works isan example ofthe ulation ofthe variation of ‘eoloical ails to obtain tne pss tanion temperature of mateals—DMA, resus are ales included ths at of example de othe sia f both ‘secriques—for eponyclaynanocompoites using the eae oft 8 terion 71, fora biorenewable thermosetting oaalymer using the peak tan 5erterion (2, and for anepony esinfohospoium ionic iquidfarbonnavafiler compose Using tan Sand eae modulus decreased 73], Moreover, Block ea [74] ubihed a quite interesting and releran research wrk whee a combination of pssnmsconcecrccantapesnatataeaecagee train ergata mazune. vara (es aration Temper ever Ssonaect Tope logy sn OSC techniques was used to obtain he glass ranston temperate fed ull hapter Recommended publications ion ourmal of Non-Crstaline Solids Em Journal Journal of Alloys and Compounds a Journal Progress in Organic Coatings ) Synthetic Metals a Journal Featured Authors Bete osinmuscaneecrecantapesmataaeaecagae trailor empeaire(is Train Tempe anova [Steet ones Zhiyong Tang Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy f Scenes, Shanghai, Chins Giations: 32,047 frindex 92. Publications: 60 Seung Boo Jung Sunglyunhvan Universi Jongro-gu, South Kore Gitations: 8,649 h-index: 4B Publications: 153 Brahim Benmokrane Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada Citations: 8322 h-index: 8 Publications: 63 Wei Zhang Dalian University of eehnelogy, Dalian, China Gitations: 8,021 h-index: 42 Publications: 94 88 oe ener pssnmsconcecrccantapesnatataeaecagee train ergata