Purposive communication

John Kenneth S. Gamayon Block 1J BSCRIM1 (GE088)-GEN ED 7

UNIT 1

Communication in the Global World 21st Century Theme: Global Awareness

Lesson 1 COMMUNICATION PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES, AND ETHICS

Activity 1: What I Know

Examine the illustrations below. Which best describes your usual family meal time?

ans: In my opinion, his family is not happy because I see that his father has a lot of problems at work while they are
eating, all I can say from the picture is that a family will only be more comfortable if there is unity or togetherness
from the family we get strength and trust if you have a problem ask the family for strength and hope because they
will give you importance

How similar is modern communication with traditional face to face communication?

1. They are both communication methods.

The act of sending information from one place, person, or organization to another is known as communication. A
sender, a message, and a recipient are all part of every communication.

LESSON 2: LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS

Activity 1: What I Know

Goodman and Berdan (2014) argue that every student should study abroad for the reason that "learning how to
interact with people from other countries and cultures equips future leaders in all sectors to address urgent issues
shared across borders" (par.4).

Did you ever dream of taking your undergraduate or graduate studies abroad? Given the opportunity and support,
where would you want to study? What course would you want to take? Why?

One of the ultimate reasons to study abroad is to gain life experience. You'll learn how to organize your life and
condense it into one suitcase, handle unforeseen situations, be independent and self-sufficient. When you're
thousands of miles away from home, spontaneity and adventure are your best friends.

Studying abroad can help you launch your career and increase your competitiveness in the labor market. It allows
you to demonstrate to potential and current employers that you have the open mind, resourcefulness, and drive
required to adapt to a new environment.
LESSON 3: LANGUAGE REGISTERS

Activity 1: What I Know

Let us check your knowledge on language registers. Read carefully the statements in the first column and check the
column of your answer.

Statements Agree Disagree

1. Frozen register is printed language that does not change and is Agree Disagree found
in published works, historical and religious documents.
2. Formal register uses complete sentences standard for work, business, and academe.
It uses technical vocabulary
3. Informal register is a two-way participation of speech standard for work, business,
and academe. Examples are speaking to a supervisor, colleague, assistant in a formal
setting.
4. Intimate register is communication between loved ones. Intonation is more
important that wording or grammar.
5. Casual register is language used in conversation with friends. It is a two-way
communication characterized by slang, ellipsis, and non-verbal modes. Interruptions are
very common

UNIT 2

Communication in the Digital Age 21st Century Theme: Civic Literacy

What does the picture above tell you? How is fake news harmful or damaging to a person or to the society in
general?

Certainly, you have read a piece of fake news recently in your social media feed. With the Philippines ranked as the
12th highest internet user in the world, Filipinos have become more vulnerable to misinformation perpetuated by
individuals or groups whose objective is to mislead, trick or confuse others to influence their understanding or
beliefs on vital issues that plague our world and our country. In fact, the Social Weather Stations (SWS) survey in
June 2018 showed that six out of ten Filipinos internet users believe that the fast spread of fake news is a serious
problem and it needs serious attention.

Thus, this unit Communication in the Digital Age seeks to equip you with the adequate knowledge and skills that
will make you become more critical in dealing with multimodal texts. You will also have opportunities to decode
texts in different communicative situations and learn more about communicating with others who are coming from
different cultures and who have different values from yours. All of these are designed to help you acquire and use
the skills, knowledge, dispositions and attitudes of a critical, productive, ethical and responsible citizen in the
digital world.

LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING AND EVALUATING MULTIMODAL TEXTS

Activity 1: What I Know

Multimodal texts are characterized by the combination of the five different modes of communication: linguistic,
visual, gestural, audio and spatial. Listed below are the elements or features that belong to the different modes.
Draw lines to connect these features to its corresponding mode

 hand gestures LINGUISTIC

 word choice
 delivery of spoken or written text (tone)
 body language
 color VISUAL
 coherence
 proximity between people and objects
 ambient noise/sounds
 arrangement GESTURAL
 organization into sentences, phrases, paragraphs
 accent
 silence
 sound effects AUDIO
 organization
 perspective
 tone
 layout and style, size SPATIAL
 music
 facial expressions
 Purposive Communication

LESSON 2: COMMUNICATION AIDS AND STRATEGIES USING TOOLS OF TECHNOLOGY

Activity 1: What I Know

Your generation has always been labeled as the "digital natives" individuals who were born and raised in a world of
gadgets, computers and the internet. Now, you will be tested if you are truly a digital native. Below is a list of
technological tools that can be used in communication. For each listed, provide a sample for each online
communication tool and its benefits and disadvantages as a communication tool.

Online Sample Site/App/ Benefits in Disadvantages

Communication Tool Software Communication
videoconferencing Google Hangouts is a Improves communication Lack of personal
simple way to connect interactions. Video
with Google contacts (or conference meetings can
those outside of your feel impersonal.
network) and can be used
for personal or business
reasons. Use this tool for
individual conversations,
team meetings, recorded
demos, and more.
chats Not only do they offer the They can discuss a range
ability to chat in real of topics, and even help
time, they also allow you each other understand
to automatically send things that might confuse
targeted messages to site them. Chatting with peers
visitors to proactively online can help young
engage them. Coupled people to: discuss
with robust reporting, homework or ideas from
chatbot capabilities, and school they didn't
team management tools, understand.
LiveChat is able to handle
even the most
demanding teams
forums Discourse offers an open Learn more about your
source platform for community
running discussion A forum gives you
forums. intimate access to the
topics your users are
discussing, you'll be able
to see how they
communicate and what
they're looking for, you'll
have instant access to
their perspectives and
thought patterns.
voice over IP is a technology that Lower costs.
allows you to make voice Increased accessibility.
calls using a broadband Complete portability.
Internet connection Higher scalability.
instead of a regular (or Advanced features for
analog) phone line. small and large teams.
Clearer voice quality.
Supports multitasking.
More flexibility with
softphones.
email Also known as an "email Email is a free tool. ...
client," "mail client," Email is quick. ...
"mail program," and Email is simple. ...
"mail reader," it provides Email allows for easy
the ability to send and referencing. ...
receive email messages Email is accessible from
and file attachments. anywhere – as long as
Examples of email you have an internet
programs for personal connection. ...
computers are Outlook, Email is paperless and
Mail (Mac), Eudora and therefore, beneficial for
Thunderbird. the planet.
You can't be sure other
people are being honest
or that they are who they
say they are.
Cons: It's hard to keep
objectivity; for example,
when someone asks
something controversial
and even though that
someone knows it, and
wants opinions not taking
in mind the subtleties,
but wants ideas that
tackle x dilemma or point,
people rearrange the flow
of the forum by making
drama or simply making
obstacles.
Requires Good Internet
Connection.
Needs Continuous Power
Supply.
Latency and Jitter.
Doesn't Support
Emergency Calls.
Email could potentially
cause information
overload.
Email lacks a personal
touch.
Email can be disruptive.
Email cannot be ignored
for a long time.
Email can cause
misunderstandings.
Email messages can
contain viruses.
Activity 2: It Makes Sense

Impressive work in Activity I! As digital natives who now have the power to reach other people from faraway
places, you are now challenged to know more about others when you communicate with them. Individuals from
different backgrounds and cultures have distinct differences in communicating with others. Though English is, most
of the time, used as a language of international, cross-cultural communication, there are still notable disparities in
the communication styles across cultures. One of which is the difference in communicating nonverbally in high-
context and low-context cultures. The figure below shows the high context and low context continuum and the
selected countries/regions and their places in the continuum.

High-context cultures are highly dependent on nonverbal communication and the context in which the
communication is taking place. In contrast, low-context cultures are characterized heavily by verbal
communication and the communication tends to be more direct in style.

UNIT 3

Communication for Information and Persuasion Purposes 21st Century Theme: Health Literacy

How healthy are you? How confident are you in saying that you sport a healthy lifestyle?

Informing and persuading are essential communication skills that learners should possess in the classroom and
beyond. In this Information Age where there is an overload of information, you must learn to use and deliver
information in a comprehensible and easy-to- understand fashion to achieve your purpose.

In this unit Communication for Information and Persuasion Purposes, you are expected to perform varied tasks of
varying nature, both written and spoken, to develop your 21st century skills and competencies necessary to
succeed in your academic journey. At the same time, you will be engaged in disseminating information for the
purpose of informing and influencing individuals on a matter that affects everyone throughout his life: health. By
way of the lessons you will have the great honor of being a health ambassador of wellness and advocate of healthy
living and lifestyle. The experience will be both challenging and rewarding. Bring it on!

LESSON 1: INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION VERSUS OTHER FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

This lesson will dwell on three of the four forms of discourse Exposition, Description, and Narration in the
discussion of health literacy. It is necessary for you to distinguish each type, for each of these discourses differs
from one another in their style and purpose. Most of your writing tasks involve these modes of discourse which
make it imperative for you to understand them.

Activity 1: What I Know

To kick off, you will first talk about wellness, a buzzword that's circulating among health experts, health
enthusiasts, and even just plain ordinary folks. Well, wellness should be everybody's goal. You. Me. But what is
wellness? What does it mean? Is wellness the same as being healthy? Share your answer with your seatmate.

ans: In understanding the difference between health and wellness, in short, health is a state of being, whereas
wellness is the state of living a healthy lifestyle (3). Health refers to physical, mental, and social well-being;
wellness aims to enhance well-being.
LESSON 2: OBTAINING INFORMATION FROM VARIOUS SOURCES

all of the information out there is reliable, relevant, authoritative, or well-researched to a specific task you are
working on. To communicate effectively, it is important to select information for its quality and usefulness to the
topic. This brings us to a discussion about sources of information: primary sources and secondary sources. Having a
clear understanding of these sources will prove useful to you in writing papers, doing research, and other demands
in school. Further, including information from these sources other than your own ideas makes your work scholarly

Activity 1: What I Know

Can you recognize a primary source from a secondary source? Of the two images, what do you think is a primary
source and what is a secondary source?

ans: Distinction of primary and secondary sources

Primary research gives you direct access to the subject of your research. Secondary sources provide second-hand
information and commentary from other researchers. Examples include journal articles, reviews, and academic
books. Thus, secondary research describes, interprets, or synthesizes primary sources.

Activity 2: It Makes Sense

Information may come from two sources: primary sources and secondary sources. Primary sources are documents
and original artifacts from people who participated in and witnessed an actual event in history. These can also take
different forms like audio materials (memoirs, interviews, music); images (photographs, film, fine art, videos);
objects and artifacts (clothing, tools, pottery, memorabilia, inventions); statistics (census, population statistics,
weather accounts); or text (diaries, letters, legal agreements, journals, autobiographies, laws. lectures, treaties,
maps). Secondary sources, on the one hand, are documents, images, texts, and objects that are created by
someone who referenced primary sources through analysis, synthesis, interpretation, and evaluation. Examples of
secondary sources are journal articles that comment on or analyze research; textbooks; dictionaries and
encyclopedias; political commentary; biographies; dissertations; newspaper editorial; opinion columns; criticism of
literature, art works, or music. Being able to identify and gather sources as well as use information from these
sources are necessary skills in research and communication.

In this activity, you will work with a partner. Read the text, "The Truth about Mental and Emotional Wellness" and
identify all the sources of information found in the study. Analyze each source of information and determine if it is
a Primary Source or a Secondary Source. You are to also write the sentence number of each source

The Truth about Mental and Emotional Wellness

Kaye Leah

Being emotionally or mentally healthy goes beyond the inability to handle stress or the absence of mental
disabilities. The World Health Organization stresses that mental health is an integral and essential component of
health. The WHO constitution specifically states, "Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." It is this exact statement that stresses just how mental and
emotional wellness has become increasingly important over the last decades. The findings of numerous research
attest to this.

In a survey conducted by NatCen Social Research and the Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester
called, "Mental Health and Wellbeing in England: Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014," it is estimated that
"one in six people in the past week experienced a common mental health problem". These mental health and
behavioral problems include depression, anxiety, and drug use which are reportedly "the primary drivers of
disability worldwide, causing about 40 million years of disability in 20- to 29-year-olds," as revealed in a study
published at The Lancet journal entitled, "Global and Regional Mortality
LESSON 3: PERSUASION AND ITS RHETORICAL APPEALS

In the first two lessons, you focused on understanding the nature of informative communication and the different
ways of obtaining reliable information. This time, you will learn one of the best ways to disseminate information -
through persuasion. Though many references clearly delineate informative from persuasive communication, it is
undeniable that persuasion is present in all forms of communication as you always have the purpose to make your
audience accept and believe the information that you share.

The succeeding lessons will emphasize persuasion. The best subjects for persuasion are those that matter most to
us personally-what we strongly believe in, what arouses strong feelings in us, what we would like to see changed,
what enriches our lives. Health is one such topic. To be persuasive, it is imperative that you must understand the
elements of rhetorical appeals

Activity 1: What I Know

Form groups of four. As a group, do the following:

1. Find any object that you will sell to your classmates (e.g.. ballpen, notebook, cellphone, etc.).

ans: Toward the end of your sales pitch, offer the interviewer the pen and say that he or she is welcome to use it
for a week for free. After that, you'll come back and see if the pen has met the client's needs. If it hasn't, you'll be
prepared to offer a range of other pens.

2. The challenge though is for you to sell your chosen object by assigning a different purpose or function to it (e.g.,
you can sell your bag as a pillow).

ans: A unique selling proposition, more commonly referred to as a USP, is the one thing that makes your business
better than the competition. It's a specific benefit that makes your business stand out when compared to other
businesses in your market.

3. Your group will only be given one minute to sell your object.

ans: Toward the end of your sales pitch, offer the interviewer the pen and say that he or she is welcome to use it
for a week for free. After that, you'll come back and see if the pen has met the client's needs. If it hasn't, you'll be
prepared to offer a range of other pens.

4. The class will decide who delivers the best pitch. Enjoy!

ans: Speak clearly and make the presentation engaging.

Involve the audience.

Be enthusiastic and believe in the idea.

Use body language to show enthusiasm.

Try not to be anxious or overact.

Watch professional presentations and identify their strengths.

Activity 2: It Makes Sense

Effective persuasion demands formulating arguments along three types of appeals, also called Rhetorical Triangle
(see image below). Each point on the triangle corresponds to one of three kinds of persuasive appeals that ancient
rhetoricians named logos (logical appeal), pathos (emotional appeal), and ethos (appeal to credibility of the person
conveying the message).

Logical appeal is the strategic use of logic, claims,

and evidence to convince an audience of a certain point.

Persuasive Appeal Definition an application

Questions
(as totoa ponder
recognized authority)
LOGOS "Appeal to logic or reason"for corroboration,
provide tovindication, or decision. :
convince your
LOGOS an earnest plea : entreaty.
audience that youranarguments
appeal for help.
Logos refers primarily to the are logical and reasonable?
internal consistency and clarity • What proof should you
of the message and to the logic present
of its reasons and support
PATHOS "Appeal to emotion" What feeling or emotion should
Pathos is often associated with you evoke from your audience
"empathy," that is, how you can to affect their beliefs or move
vicariously make your audience them to action?
feel the way you feel • What part in your message is
best to inject emotional
overtones like happiness,
sadness, anger, sorrow,
frustration, and so on?
Emotional appeal is a logical fallacy, whereby a debater attempts to win an argument by trying to get
an emotional reaction from the opponent and audience.

As a communicator and an advocate, you must know how to use these rhetorical appeals to good use in
order to convince or persuade your target audience. How?

Essay Question:
1. What evidence were presented to convince the reader of the truthfulness of the message? Are the
evidence reliable? What are there sources?

Aristotle taught that a speaker's ability to persuade an audience is based on how well the speaker
appeals to that audience in three different areas: logos, ethos, and pathos. Considered together, these
appeals form what later rhetoricians have called the rhetorical triangle.

2. Does the essay come to you as convincing? Or is it flawed inconsistencies and

contradiction or inconsistencies

Ethos, the ethical appeal, is used to convince an audience of the author's credibility or character

3. How was the essay written? Is it clear and easy to understand?

The essay writing process consists of three main stages: Preparation: Decide on your topic, do your
research, and create an essay outline. Writing: Set out your argument in the introduction, develop it
with evidence in the main body, and wrap it up with a conclusion.

4. How does the writer present him/her as credible about the topic? 5. What details in the essay evoked
some emotions in you that tended to make you agree with the writer

Aristotle taught that a speaker's ability to persuade an audience is based on how well the speaker
appeals to that audience in three different areas: logos, ethos, and pathos. Considered together, these
appeals form what later rhetoricians have called the rhetorical triangle.

What You Need to Know About Sleep Deprivation

Kaye Leah C. Sitchon

If you think you can get away with skimping on sleep to get more work done during the hours you are
awake, think again. Even if the increasing pace of 21st Century Living demands you to work more, your
body may be feeling and saying something else. Sleep is important and is one of the basic needs that
should be given attention to and satisfied. So, even if sleep is becoming more of a luxury than a need
nowadays, everyone knows that getting some shut-eye is the most utmost importance.

The lack of sleep leaves you feeling foggy and grumpy the next morning. Fatigue,

exhaustion, and even anxiety are other things that go along with it; and no one likes feeling

that. The truth is, sleep deprivation compromises your performance throughout the day. It

affects your mood and your body's overall health. Psychologists, sleep experts, and health

professionals alike know how inadequate sleep can be a culprit to a person's well-being.

To better understand this, this article lays out what you need to know about what sleep

deprivation does to your mind and body.

LESSON 4: LOGIC AND REASONING

All throughout our lifetime, you will find yourself reasoning your way through everyday matters and
experiences to put meaning in our lives as we make life-changing decisions that will ultimately affect our
lives and others.

Activity 1: What I Know

With your seatmate, discuss the cartoons below. What is wrong with the statements in the two cartoons

It is warmer this year in the Philippines as compared to last year, therefore, global warming is
accelerating.

My friend said her Logic class is hard, and the one I'm enrolled in is hard, too. All Logic classes must be
hard

ans: In my case, they see how things and similar events are the same, just like in life, you compare
yourself to others, what you already have, others also have, right

Activity 2: It Makes Sense

A common way to convince and persuade others is to reason with them, and our reasoning must be
sound and logical. Logical reasoning is a thought process of drawing a conclusion from a fact or a set of
facts. This is borne out of our experience that there is a constancy in the events of our life day in and day
out-that night follows day, that the seas will never run dry, and that at the end of the rainbow is a pot of
gold

In this activity, you will read an essay about

beauty pageants. Answer the questions that
follow. ., ' The
Evolution of Pageants and Beauty Queens ' Maria
Cristina Inserto When I was young, I remember
watChing
beauty pageants and playing with blankets, as if
they were elegant gowns

Activity 3: We'll Figure It Out

As human beings, we have brains that enable us to reason in a logical manner and create valid reasons,
differentiating us from the lower forms of animals. It happens though that sometimes we err in our
reasoning. This may be due to a host of reasons like our emotional state, ignorance, biases, and others.
When this happens, we become vulnerable and commit flawed reasoning. In the realm of logic and
reasoning, we commit fallacies.

What are fallacies? In general terms, a fallacy is an error in reasoning. We all have committed using
fallacies that are "deceptive or wrong arguments" (Espiritu 2014). How do we avoid using fallacies? The
answer: "Learning good reasoning includes understanding bad reasoning" (Espiritu 2014).

Let us now take a look at some fallacies that are commonly committed

What is Fallacy Explanation

Argumentum Against the
Person
Argument that Goes in Circle
Non sequitor or "It Does
not Follow
Argument that Uses Flattery or Praise
Argument that Appeals
to Force or Threat
Hasty Generalization
Argument from Ignorance
Bandwagon Argument
Appeal to Pity
Appeal to Unqualified (or
Inappropriate) Authority
Fallacy of Division
Red Herring
Instead of finding fault on the claim, proposal, or argument.
the arguer directs his attack on the character, personality, or
belief of his opponent
The arguer evades the real conclusion by restating the same
conclusion in new words, making the reasoning circular.
The arguer draws a conclusion not supported by the premises
or fails to include assumptions that establish connections
between ideas.
In this argument, instead of presenting evidence or good
reasons, we use praise to get what we want, to make others
agree with us, or to seek approval of our arguments.
One uses force or threat instead of reason. The threat may be
physical or psychological
The arguer makes a conclusion based on a few instances or
even from one single instance only. From one sample, the
arguer makes a claim about the whole population
This is arguing that because an arguer cannot prove the
argument to be false; therefore, it is true
The argument appeals to the beliefs or prejudices of the
crowd or masses. It justifies that "might is right" and "many
people cannot be wrong". This is widely used in
advertisements and political campaigns.
Instead of presenting relevant and strong evidence or reasons
to support our claim, we resort to evoking pity or sympathy
by pointing or referring to an unfortunate circumstance that
has befallen us.
This fallacy is committed when we cite the opinion or
judgment of someone who commands respect and reverence
but who is not a recognized authority on the subject or who is
prejudiced in some way. We use that person's reputation or
status, even though out of place, to get support for our claim.
We argue that what is true of a whole or class is true to every
member
In this argument, instead of addressing the matter under
consideration, the arguer introduces an unrelated or
 irrelevant matter to draw the argument away from the real
issue.
What is New is Good The arguer contends or makes a case on the belief that what
is new is good

Essay Questions:

1. What is the overall message of the text?

The term theme can be defined as the underlying meaning of a story. It is the message the writer is
trying to convey through the story. Often the theme of a story is a broad message about life. The theme
of a story is important because a story's theme is part of the reason why the author wrote the story.

2. What were the arguments? How the arguments supported? List each arguments and

it's corresponding support?

The statements that back up a claim. Support takes many forms: data, facts, personal experience, expert
opinion, textual evidence, emotional appeals, etc. The more reliable and comprehensive the support,
the more persuasive the argument.

3. How sounds and valid are the arguments? Focus on the acceptability of the support provide to back
up the arguments being forwarded.

A valid argument need not have true premises or a true conclusion. On the other hand, a sound
argument DOES need to have true premises and a true conclusion: Soundness: An argument is sound if it
meets these two criteria: (1) It is valid. (2) Its premises are true.

4. What is your stand about the beauty pageant? Are pageant not a means as well

of promoting wellness? What do you think? Create your own arguments to

support this claim's

A beauty pageant is a competition that has traditionally focused on judging and ranking the physical
attributes of the contestants.

Self-Reflection:

From simple matters to matters of grave importance, logic and reasoning is a workaday skill that is
meant for almost daily use. As an advocate and writer of argumentative prose, how can you make your
facts believable and your logic sound and unassailable?

Logic refers to the process of making a conclusion under valid laws of inference. Through this process, a
writer makes arguments using statements to explain why these arguments are true.

UNIT 4: LESSON 1 – 2.3

 FUNDAMENTALS OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN THE WORKPLACE

ACTIVITY 1: WHAT I KNOW

Your schedule this semester is way lighter than before. You decided to look for a part-time job and you
saw the ad in your facebook newsfeed.

You decided to give it a try. Now, you need to send an email to express your intent to apply for the job.
But, you are given a double challenge. In the first e-mail template, you will write an e-mail to your friend
who posted that ad, which means that your friend is the one looking for a tutor. In the 2nd template,
you will write an e-mail to a stranger whose tutorial ad appeared in your newsfeed.

• What will you write? Will you introduce yourself? How will you introduce yourself to convince the
employer to consider you? Is there anything that you want to ask from them?

Greeting: Hello, my name is (name). ...

Goal: I am looking for (internship/full-time position) at (employer name).

Interest/passion: I am interested in (interests related to the company/industry).

Strengths: I have many skills to contribute including (strengths) and (skills)

. E-mail 1: FOR YOUR FB FRIEND

Sending an email to (almost any) Facebook user is pretty straightforward. – in which case the email is
going to be <ID>@ facebook.com (for the example above it's 100008409428014@facebook.com). You
simply send it to the @facebook address and it's forwarded to the email address that is registered with
the account.

. E-mail 2: FOR AN UNKNOWN EMPLOYER

Unknown Recipient: There are two traditionally acceptable salutations when you are writing a business
letter to an unknown recipient. To whom it may concern or Dear Sir or Madam show respect to anyone
who is the intended reader.

ACTIVITY 2: IT MAKES SENSE

Congratulations! You just sent your application to your first possible online part-time tutorial job. Let us
now take a closer look to what you have written. Briefly describe the content of your e-mails using the
three elements that shape a content of any messages; purpose, audience and tone. Work on this
activity.

ELEMENTS E-MAIL 1 E-MAIL 2

PURPOSE
(What is your reason for
composing the e-mail?)
Email is used for many different
purposes, including contacting
friends, communicating with
professors and supervisors,
requesting information, and
applying for jobs, internships,
Compose is another word to
write. Mail refers to the letter.
Therefore, 'Composing Mail' is
generally used in emails to send
reports, applications or other
confidential information to

AUDIENCE
(To whom did you send the
email?)
TONE
(How do you describe your
writing style? What attitude was
conveyed in your e-mail? Is it
formal, restrained, etc?
and scholarships. Depending on
your purposes, the messages
you send will differ in their
formality, intended audience,
and desired outcomes.
The commonly repeated advice
for remembering whether to
use who or whom is this: If you
can replace the word with he or
she or another subject pronoun,
use who. If you can replace it
with him or her (or another
object pronoun), use whom.
One way to remember this trick
is that both him and whom end
with the letter m.
Consider Your Audience. Before
you go any further, it's time to
take a minute to consider your
audience. ...
Choose Adjectives to Describe
Your Content. ...
Consider Your Point of View. ...
Outline Grammar &
Punctuation Rules. ...
Get Serious About Formatting.
clients, managers, higher
officials, etc.
When in doubt, try this simple
trick: If you can replace the
word with he or she, use who. If
you can replace it with him or
her, use whom. Who should be
used to refer to the subject of a
sentence. Whom should be
used to refer to the object of a
verb or preposition.
Use words that are courteous
and positive.
Use language that is non-
judgmental and non-
discriminatory.
Use emoticons sparingly
(usually only for informal
emails).
Write with clear and neutral
language.
Avoid using inflammatory
language.
Avoid writing in all caps.

ACTIVITY 3: WE'LL FIGURE IT OUT

. At this point, you already know that distinctive features of professional communication. Bovee and Thill
(2014) suggested five ways on how to make communication in the workplace as effective as possible.
Now, go back to your e-mail 2. Evaluate your writing based on the criteria of an effective
communication. Write your rating on the grid below.

3- Absolutely, yes! 2 Somewhat 1 - Sadly, no.

CRITERIA RATING RATING

Did my e-mail provide practical/useful information to the recipient? 2
Did I give facts rather than vague impressions? 1
Did I present my information in a concise and efficient manner? 1
Was I clear in stating what I expect from the recipient or what I can do for the 1
recipient?
Was I persuasive enough to convince the reader that I qualify for the job? 3
ACTIVITY 4: I CAN DO IT!

. Though you are still in college, you can already start building your professional career by creating your
own LinkedIn account. LinkedIn is a social network for business professionals even for students, that will
allow you to build your professional network. Now, your final task for this lesson is to create your own
LinkedIn profile.

1. Fill in all the information.

2. Provide a profile picture that you believe is appropriate for a LinkedIn profile.

3. Write a two-paragraph introduction of what you are capable of doing a listing of your specialties.
Please remember the essential qualities of professional communication as you write your
introduction/summary.

1 write in the first person (use 'I', not 'she' or 'he' when talking about yourself)

2 use phrases that show you have some knowledge of the sector.

3 include keywords.

4 end your summary with a 'call to action'. ...

5 let people know how to contact you if you want them to.

SELF-REFLECTION

What do you think is the importance of effective communication in the workplace?

ans: Communication in the workplace is important because it boosts employee morale, engagement,
productivity, and satisfaction. Communication is also key for better team collaboration and cooperation.
Ultimately, effective workplace communication helps drive better results for individuals, teams, and
organizations.

What do you need to learn about it at this point in your life?

ans: One of the most important life lessons that you need to learn is the importance of patience.
Patience is defined as an individual's ability to wait for something significant to happen without feeling
frustrated due to the delay. In life, you'll have to wait for a lot of things without feeling negative

• How do you think it will help you in the future?

Those who get an education have higher incomes, have more opportunities in their lives, and tend to be
healthier. Societies benefit as well. Societies with high rates of education completion have lower crime,
better overall health, and civic involvement. Lack of access to education is considered the root of
poverty.

LESSON 2: COMMUNICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT

2.1 WRITING RESUMES

ACTIVITY 1: WHAT I KNOW

PERSONAL SWOT:

S-trength W-eakness O-pportunities T-hreats

Do you share the same strengths and weaknesses? Compare your answers?

ans: trengths are defined as character traits or skills that are considered positive. Strengths include
knowledge, attributes, skills, and talents. Weaknesses are just the opposite.

Can you match your strengths with the opportunities that you've listed? List down the opportunities
where your strengths are valuable. Write the opportunities next to strengths.

ans: A strength is a resource or capacity the organisation can use effectively to achieve its objectives.

Can you convert your weaknesses into strengths? How?

Don't be complacent, but also, don't be too hard on yourself. Learn from your mistakes. Perceive them
as lessons learned or growing pains. Chances are you will come out a better version of yourself than if
you had never made the mistake at all

What opportunities can you draw from the threats that you foresee?

You've been selling quite well online, but now you have to charge customers sales tax in other states

ACTIVITY 2: IT MAKES SENSE

In writing resumes, it is crucial that you organize your resume around your strengths. But, you need to
remember that you only include those strengths that are essential and relevant to the job. Below ae
some parts that should or should not be included in a resume. Write (/) if this part must be included and
mark (x) if it should be removed from resume.

PARTS OF RESUME ANSWE

R
1 If you will give me the opportunity to teach in your prestige school, I promise you .
that I will organize remedial programs to make sure that all students perform well in
math. I will also be very active in training students for math competitions.
Bachelor of Science Major in Mathematics
2 Philippine Normal University (2013-2017)

3 Student Assistant - Office of Academic Affairs (add professional experience)

4 Personal Data
Date of Birth: August 8, 2005
Place of Birth: Manila
Civil Status: Single
Height: 5'8"
 Weight: 167 lbs
5 National Assembly Member
Pambansang Pederasyon ng mg Lider-Estudyante ng Pamatasan Normal
ng Pilipinas
President
PNU Student Government
6 0916-8766898
Mondragon.gustav@yahoo.com
7 I was awarded Best in Math in grade school and high school where I also have joined
and won several math competitions. My math teacher back in high school was my
main inspiration to become a math teacher. At first, the decision to become an
engineer because they believed that a better future awaits me as an engineer. But,
as much as I would want to grant my parents' wish. I cannot make myself leave my
calling
8 Dancing, singing, oration, and playing volleyball

9 Research accepted for oral presentation in the 19th International Conference in

Mathematics (October 2016) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
10 Talented in singing and dancing; plays volleyball, badminton and bowling; relaxes by
listening to OPM songs: loves reading

ACTIVITY 3: WE'LL FIGURE IT OUT

Based on the previous activity, what do you think are the basic parts of a resume?

One of the most important features of your resume to a potential employer is your employment history

RESUME PARTS/HEADING ITEMS TO INCLUDE

Professional Experience List previous and present work experience • Include
volunteer roles that might add to the value of your resume
Education Your most recent degree (or education in progress)
The name of your school.
Location of your school.
Dates attended and graduation date (or expected graduation
date)
Your field of study and degree major.
Your GPA (only if it's above 3.5)
References Reference's First Name & Last Name - Tim Borden.
Professional Position / Title - Marketing Coordinator.
Name of the Reference's Company - Zen Corporation.
Business Address - Blaine Ave.
City, State, Zip of Company - Atlantic City, NJ, 07030.
ACTIVITY 4: I CAN DO IT!

It is your time to write your own resume.

My Resume

SELF-REFLECTION

Re-read your resume.

What are the strengths of your resume?

for a resume are the areas of your personal and professional life in which you excel. They may include
soft skills, such as active listening and interpersonal communication, that may benefit you in a variety of
role

Is your resume persuasive enough for you to be invited in job interview?

Describe your experience using keywords from the job description you are applying to Put the keywords
at the top of your resume Avoid listing irrelevant experience Use your hobbies to show your personality.

What can you still do to improve your resume?

Use a reverse-chronological format Highlight your relevant qualifications Use keywords from the job
description Include recent experience Quantify your achievements Optimize your resume for digital
devices Use modern fonts and the same color as your cover letter.

UNIT 5

LESSON 1:

Activity 1: What I Know

There is now a worldwide acknowledgment of groups and individuals to take part in rehabilitating the
earth. Going green is a lifestyle change that aims to raise awareness of one's surroundings and how
things we do affect the environment. Nature conservation, increasing desire for economic, social and
overall well-being and a sustainable future for humans are some of the powerful motivators to the
worldwide movement of going green. Take time to answer the following questions:

What is your personal idea of "Going Green"?

"Going green" means to pursue knowledge and practices that can lead to more environmentally friendly
and ecologically responsible decisions and lifestyles, which can help protect the environment and
sustain its natural resources for current and future generations.

Have you undertaken any Green Initiative recently? If yes, explain briefly.

If not, what is keeping you?

Install and encourage the use of a recycling bin Only boil as much hot water as you need.

Switch off the lights or power when not in use Invest in eco friendly bean bag fill Introduce green
challenges for employees Choose can instead of glass.

Activity 2:

How would you classify each text?

Rule-based approaches classify text into organized groups by using a set of handcrafted linguistic rules.
These rules instruct the system to use semantically relevant elements of a text to identify relevant
categories based on its content. Each rule consists of an antecedent or pattern and a predicted category.

Which text would you consider as academic?

So, the most popular examples of academic text which are widely used by both students and teachers
are: Essays:

Why? writing this type of academic writing, you are expected to cover a particular topic, including both
well-known facts and your own opinion (as it combines persuasive and critical types of writing).

What do you think shapes academic writing?

These are Audience, Purpose, Organization, Style, Flow and Presentation.

Activity 3: We'll Figure It Out

It helps to think of academic writing as a progression of language use from informal to formal. The
illustration below shows you how to walk the line of academic writing-from informal to a formal writing
style. Read closely.
Activity 4:1 Can Do It!

What is your personal Act of Green? Write a short paragraph about it, explaining your > purpose and
steps to undertake your program. Before writing your paragraph. complete the

outline below

Personal Act of Green: (Title)

Specific Steps and Timeline

Once you have completed your formal sentence outline, you will need to expand on that
framework to create your expository essay. As much as you may be wanting to just get your ideas down
and submit your paper, in order to make sure you are submitting a well-developed and strong essay, you
need to make sure you are providing strong supporting ideas, developing paragraphs so they will fit
together logically to best convince your reader, creating a strong introduction and conclusion, and
revising your paper to catch issues you may have missed or not been aware of when writing.In this
chapter, we will look at putting the pieces together to form a complete, revised, and supported
expository essay, which you will need to submit next week.

If your thesis gives the reader a road map to your essay, then body paragraphs should closely follow that
map. The reader should be able to predict what follows your introductory paragraph by simply reading
the thesis statement.

The body paragraphs present the evidence you have gathered to confirm your thesis. Before you begin
to support your thesis in the body, you must find information from a variety of sources that support and
give credit to what you are trying to prove.

Activity 2: IT MAKE SENSE

Answer:

Purpose

Audience

Language use

Text 1
The purpose of this text is to inform people that the strabucks company will eliminate the use of straws
and replaced them a sippy cup to help improve the environment.

The Audience of this text are the strabucks customers who are purchasing/ will purchase their products.

The language was in a formal way and specific in delivering the information to the audience.

Text 2

The purpose of this text is a discussion about non- academic staffs of university of Aegean.

The audience of this text was the teachers and students of university of Aegean.

The language use was informal way of delivering this message

Text 3

The purpose of this text was the appreciation of the manila Bay

The text was addressed for the government and also to the fellow citizens of the author

The language used is in informal way of delivering those text also the author was not specific on what
she/ he was wanting to say.

Activity 3: we'll figure it out

Answer:

Informal to formal

1. That was soooooo unrealistic!

2. The documentary was unrealistic.

3. The documentary presented of my classmate was unrealistic.

4. My other classmates indicated that the documentary presented of our classmate did not meet in their
ideas and understanding.

5. As a consideration of my classmates feedback, I concluded that the documentary of our classmate

failed to meet the intended outcomes.

Activity 4: I can Do It

Personal Act Of Green!

 My ways to improve the environment

A good way would be to start with conversing water, driving lesson and walking more, consuming less
energy, buying recycled products, eating locally grown vegetables joining environmental groups to
combat air pollution, creating less waste, planting more trees and many more. Work to reduce, reuse
and recycle as much as possible. Steps are to start to learn to make different choices on a personal level
that help in changing your awareness and consumption of resources.

Self- Reflection:

Is going green the key in rehabilitating the earth? In what ways?

Answer: going green helps the earth to be more improved it contributes a lot of goods in the earth , by
realizing what you contribute to the environment if it is good or not you've realized that our surrounding
must secure and the nature must be protected.

How can academic writing be used to advanced environmental cases?

Answer: research is one of the key to collect ideas and plans to cover the environment from different
cases, because of academic writing we justify and get a solution of the different cases about the
environment.

Lesson 2. UNDERSTANDING ACADEMIC WRITING ASSIGNMENTS

activity 1: what I know

Answer:

Text 1: explanatory

Text 2: Descriptive

Text 3: Evaluative

As I've read carefully each text and base on how the text interpreted I consider my answer as correct.

Activity 3: we'll figure it out

Answer:

1. H 2. J

3. G 4. D

5. I 6. A

7. E 8. C

9. F 10. B
Activity 4. I can Do It!

Situation: Restricting air travel is only one way to prevent air pollution. Do you agree? Cite personal
observation and previous Readings.

Tier 3

Answer:

I don't agree because if the air travel will be restricted the transportation will get conflict
especially for those who used to commute and those taxi drivers will be loss their job especially for
those who are in a low standard of living those who seek for a job to supply their daily needs. The only
way to prevent pollution is to be disciplined enough and the government should provide regulations
that will be followed by the people we must give an importance to the environment in a good way and
COMMUNITY is a must in one organization.

Self-Reflection:

How does your essay test taking skills aid in the development of your academic writing skills?

Answer: it enhance my skills in a academic writing as it give more ideas and understanding in every test
that I take.

Do you feel more confident how in answering essay test? Why do you say so?

Answer: yes because I found some ideas in every topic and it helps me to improve my academic writing

Lesson 3: WRITING TO DESCRIBE AND NARRATE

Activity 1: what I know

Answer:

The nature trip that I wish to have is I want to travel the Boracay,I want to see and experience
the Attraction of Boracay the pristine and clear warm water of the island, complemented by powdery
white sand that every travelers dream to experience in boracay. I want to relax their and enjoy the
moment do the activities and to eat different foods like BINAKOL an aklan dish made up of chicken,
INUBURAN one of the people most well known delicacies in aklan, the TINU-OM and others. Wa heard
that Boracay is one of the to island in the Philippines, popular for its beaches and blessed with a long
stretch of powdery white sand, crystal clear and azura waters and a stunning sunset. That why I love
Boracay .

LESSON 6: WRITING TO PROPOSE SOLUTIONS

A problem-solution paper analyzes a problem and then offers a solution to this problem. The analysis
provides a way of looking at a challenging problem and a basis for proposing a feasible solution to the
problem. The analysis and proposed solution should be supported by facts, details, or examples to
convince the reader that the problem needs to be solved and that the proposed solution is a reasonable
and viable option.
Activity 1: What I Know

Flooding has become a common problem in provinces and cities stricken by typhoons and natural
disasters. How do you, your surroundings or observed places cope with flood?

Water, one of the most common substances known to man has become, through the years, a precious
commodity. Water is required in practically all facets of human activities. And the need for water is
enormous. It is roughly proportional to the population!

However, the Philippines is blessed with a large number of rivers, lakes and streams. Thus, the lack of
water has never been a real problem. Where an apparent scarcity exists, the difficulty is traceable to the
uneven distribution of rainfall necessary to replenish water in rivers, lakes and other bodies of water.

Paradoxically, it is sometimes excessive abundance of water that spells trouble. Because of the
monsoons, the Philippines has a fairly well-defined wet season. In addition, there are other
precipitation-producing weather phenomena: tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, the ITCZ, frontal
passages, etc.

Singly by themselves, these can generate large amounts of precipitation. In combination with each other
or, in particular, with the monsoon, these phenomena are capable of bringing intense and excessive
precipitation. Under certain conditions, a surfeit of rainfall results in a potentially disastrous
phenomenon - flood.

Activity 2: It Makes Sense

Read the excerpt below about flooding and the proposed solutions to the problem of extreme flooding
in Metro Manila

Analyze the parts of the essay above by filling out the table below

The clearly defined Describe why it is a problem and why it needs to be addressed.
problem Ans: roblem-solving enables us to identify and exploit opportunities in the
environment and exert (some level of) control over the future. Problem
solving skills and the problem-solving process are a critical part of daily life
both as individuals and organizations.
The proposed Explain the proposed solution/s and why it is/they are the most feasible
solution/s way/s to address the problem
Ans: Show the specific differences between “how things are now” and “how
they could be.” Be as logical as possible. Emphasize the results, benefits, and
feasibility of your proposed idea.
The anticipated Discuss the questions raised by readers and how they were addressing in the
questions and paper making for a convincing
counter- arguments Ans: Knowing your audience, listening to them, and understanding their
 point of view are essential to forming a persuasive argument. You should
therefore focus on understanding your audience before you write a
persuasive essay for them. This will help you in finding the most persuasive
way to write about your topic
The conclusion After weighing all options possible, discuss how the essay concluded
Step 1: Restate Your Thesis Claim and Evidence. The conclusion's primary
role is to convince the reader that your argument is valid. ...
Step 2: Provide New and Interesting Insight. ...
Step 3: Form a Personal Connection With the Reader.

Activity 3: We'll Figure It Out

Read closely the process indicated in the figure below. What is being described?

Step 1: Determine where you are. ...

Step 2: Identify your goals and objectives. ...

Step 3: Develop your plan. ...

Step 4: Execute your plan. ...

Step 5: Revise and restructuree as needed.

Do you follow this process in writing a project proposal?

In order to write a good quality project proposal, you need to start with a complete understanding of
why the client or company is seeking to complete the project, what outcomes they hope to see, in what
amount of time they hope the project to be completed, and any specifics about how they would like the
project

If not, what steps do you undertake? Illustrate the steps below

STEP 1: Formulate your question.

STEP 2: Get background information.

STEP 3: Refine your search topic.

STEP 4: Consider your resource options.

STEP 5: Select the appropriate tool.

STEP 6: Use the tool.

STEP 7: Locate your materials.

STEP 8: Analyze your materials.

Activity 4: I Can Do It!

Now is your opportunity to be eco-warriors who are given opportunity to address community-related
problems. In groups of four to five, brainstorm on an urgent local environmental issue that you want to
address. Propose possible feasible solutions. Be guided by the design thinking process

Phases of the Design Thinking Process Output

Empathize
Empathize Empathize is the first stage of the design thinking
Develop a deep understanding of the challenge process. Design teams conduct research to get
personal grasps of their users' needs. They set
aside assumptions to obtain insights into the
users' world by observing and consulting with
users. This way, they can understand users'
experiences, motivations and problems.
Define Differentiate fact from opinion.
Clearly state the problem you want to solve Specify underlying causes.
Consult each faction involved for information.
State the problem specifically.
Identify what standard or expectation is violated.
Determine in which process the problem lies.
Avoid trying to solve the problem without data
Ideate Setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant,
Think about potential solutions; select and and time-bound (SMART) objectives is a good
develop your smart solution to the problem. way to plan the steps to meet the long-term
Specific goals in your grant. It helps you take your grant
Measurable from ideas to action.
Attainable
Realistic
Time-bound
Prototype A prototype is a simple experimental model of a
Design a prototype (or series of prototypes) to proposed solution used to test or validate ideas,
test your solution design assumptions and other aspects of its
Background: Why did you come with your conceptualisation quickly and cheaply, so that the
proposal? designer/s involved can make appropriate
Goals and Objectives: What you aim to refinements or possible changes in direction.
accomplish
Description: What is the proposal all about?
Steps: What process do you intend to follow?
Needs: What specific materials, equipment,
budget, and manpower are needed to accomplish
the objectives?
People involved: Who target audience,
designated teams, and other stakeholders
Test: Design thinking is an iterative, non-linear process
Engage in a continuous innovation process to which focuses on a collaboration between
continually improve your design designers and users. It brings innovative solutions
to life based on how real users think, feel and
behave. This human-centered design process
consists of five core stages Empathize, Define,
 Ideate, Prototype and Test.

SELF-REFLECTION

What local products or ideas have not been explored that you think are viable in addressing
environmental needs and problems?

Replace disposal items with reusable items.The use of paper should be avoided.Conserve water and
electricity.Support environmental friendly practices.Recycle waste to conserve natural resources.

In what ways is the Design thinking process similar to or different from other project planning
approaches that you know?

n the traditional approach, we used data at the beginning of the process to guide our thinking, solution,
and plan. In design thinking, we use a constant flow of feedback to come up with the right solution.

LESSON 7: WRITING TO INVESTIGATE

The main purpose of research is to inform action, to prove a theory and contribute to developing
knowledge in a field or study. It has become an important means to understand various issues and
increase public awareness

Activity 1: What I Know

You will watch a video that talk about a research work. As you watch the video, complete

the questions that follow.

1. What is the topic of research?

A research topic is a subject or issue that a researcher is interested in when conducting research. A well-
defined research topic is the starting point of every successful research project. Choosing a topic is an
ongoing process by which researchers explore, define, and refine their ideas.

2. What is the purpose for the research?

The purpose of research is to enhance society by advancing knowledge through scientific theories,
concepts and ideas. A research purpose is met through forming hypotheses, collecting data, analysing,
etc.

3.Describe the methodology used.

The three types of methodology used by researchers are qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods.

4.What are findings/results?

The Results (also sometimes called Findings) section in an empirical research paper describes what the
researcher(s) found when they analyzed their data. Its primary purpose is to use the data collected to
answer the research question(s) posed in the introduction, even if the findings challenge the hypothesis.