How To Install And Erect Trunking

Dec 24, 2019

1) The trunking is connected with boxes, boxes, cabinets, etc. The inlet and outlet should be
connected by holding feet and fastened with bolts. The end should be blocked.

2) If there is a slope on the surface of the building, the cable tray wire trough should change its
slope. After all the wiring ducts have been laid, they should be adjusted and checked before
wiring. After confirming the qualification, perform wiring in the tank.

3) The connection of the straight section of the trunking shall adopt a connection plate, which is
fastened with a washer, a spring washer and a nut, and the cracks shall be tight and even at the
connection.

4) When the trunking is inserted, twisted, or T-shaped, the connection should be made through
single, two, three, four or flat two, flat three, etc., and the wire joint should be provided with a
junction box or wire joint Put in electrical appliances.

The above is an introduction to the installation and installation of wire trunking. I believe that
everyone will understand after reading it. The installation of wire trunking is very important, we
must pay attention to safety to avoid accidents in later use.

4.5.1 - Plastic and metal conduits

A system of conduits into which unsheathed cables can be drawn has long been
a standard method for electrical installations. The Regulations applying to
conduit systems may be summarised as follows:
1. - All conduits and fittings must comply with the relevant British Standards.
2. - Plastic conduits must not be used where the ambient temperature or the
temperature of the enclosed cables will exceed 60°C. Cables with thermo-setting
insulation are permitted to run very hot, and must be suitably down-rated when
installed in plastic conduit. To prevent the spread of fire, plastic conduits (and
plastic trunking) must comply with ignitability characteristic 'P' of ES 476 Part 5.
3. - Conduit systems must be designed and erected so as to exclude moisture,
dust and dirt. This means that they must be completely closed, with box lids
fitted. To ensure that condensed moisture does not accumulate, small drainage
holes must be provided at the lowest parts of the system.
4. - Proper precautions must be taken against the effects of corrosion (see
{4.2.5}), as well as against the effects of flora (plant growths) and fauna
(animals). Protection from rusting of steel conduit involves the use of galvanised
(zinc coated) tubing, and against electrolytic corrosion the prevention of contact
between dissimilar metals eg steel and aluminium. Any additional protective
conductor must be run inside the conduit or its reactance is likely to be so high
that it becomes useless if intended to reduce fault loop impedance.
5. - A conduit system must be completely erected before cables are drawn in. It
must be free of burrs or other defects which could damage cables whilst being
inserted.
6. - The bends in the system must be such that the cables drawn in will comply
with the minimum bending radius requirements {4.4.2}.
7. - The conduit must be installed so that fire cannot spread through it, or through
holes cut in floors or walls to allow it to pass. This subject of fire spread will be
considered in greater detail in {4.5.2}
8. - Allowance must be made, in the form of expansion loops, for the thermal
expansion of long runs of metal or plastic conduit. Remember that plastic
expands and contracts more than steel.
9. - Use flexible joints when crossing building expansion joints

1. Electrical Trunking Lincoln Robinson Caliphor Fagan Richard Lawrence Wesley Esson

Anthony Gore
2. What is Electrical Trunking? • Trunking is an enclosure provided for the protection of cables
which is normally square or rectangular in cross-section, having one removable side. Trunking
may be thought of as simply a larger and more accessible conduit system. It is available in
two ranges, ordinary wiring trunking and bus-bar trunking. The ordinary system is further
available in either metal or PVC.
3. Types of Trunking • Metallic Trunking • Metallic Trunking is formed from mild steel sheet,
coated with grey or silver enamel paint for internal use or a hot-dipped galvanized coating
where damp conditions might be encountered. • PVC Trunking • The main areas in which
PVC trunking is used are domestic and office premises. All necessary fitting are available to
complete any shape of run with little difficulty. The accessories are usually secured to the
lengths of Trunking with a PVC solvent adhesive.
4. Metal Trunking • Metal trunking is used extensively in engineering premises. It allows a large
number of cables to be drawn into one system with relative ease and because of its
accessibility enables changes or additions to circuits to be made with the minimum of effort.
As with conduit, it is available either painted or galvanized. A whole range of fittings is
available, enabling the most difficult runs to be constructed. It is available in many different
sizes and designs. For example, compartment trunking allows the segregation of certain
currents, and support of cables in vertical runs.
6. Types of Trunking cont’d • Mini-trunking is very small PVC trunking, ideal for surface wiring
in domestic and commercial installations such as offices. • A trunking manufactured from PVC
or steel and in the shape of a skirting board is frequently used in commercial buildings such as
hospitals, laboratories and offices.
7. Bus-bar trunking • There are two main types of bus-bar trunking, the Overhead type of bus-
bar used for distribution in industrial premises, and Rising-main trunking. Overhead bus-bar
trunking is ideal for distribution in factories. It is run at high level and the tap-off boxes enable
machinery to be moved easily. When connected in the form of a ring and incorporating section
 switches, this system enables parts of the trunking to be isolated when necessary, without all
machines losing supply.
8. Rising Main Bus-Bar Trunking Over –head Bus-Bar Trunking
9. Cutting and Drilling Trunking • It is often necessary to cut or drill trunking. After cutting, all
edges should be filed to remove sharp metal. Burrs left after the drilling of a hole should also
be filed away. When high-speed twist drills are being used, a lubricant should be applied; this
aids the drilling process and prolongs the life of the drill. A lard oil such as tallow is
recommended for use with steel. (No lubricant is needed when drilling PVC.) It is often
necessary to cut large holes in order to connect conduit into the trunking system; this may be
achieved by the use of a circular hole saw or a pressure-type hole cutter. After cutting, all hole
edges must be filed smooth and conduit entries Bushed.
10. Segregation of Cables • Where an installation comprises a mixture of low-voltage and very
low voltage circuits such as mains lighting and power, fire alarm and telecommunication
circuits, they must be separated or segregated to prevent electrical contact (IEE Regulation
528.1). For the purpose of these regulations various circuits are identified by one of two bands
as follows: • Band I telephone, radio, bell, call and intruder alarm circuits, emergency circuits
for fire alarm and emergency lighting. • Band II mains voltage circuits. • N.B. Multi-
compartment PVC trunking cannot provide band segregations since there is no metal screen
between the Bands. This can only be provided in PVC trunking if screened cables are drawn
into the trunking.
11. Single Compartment Trunking: Can be used when one type of cable i.e. electrical or data
or telephone cables. • Double Compartment Trunking: Can be used when two type of source
cable i.e. electrical & data cables or electrical & telephone cables. • Triple Compartment
Trunking: Can be used when all three types of source cable i.e. electrical, data, and telephone
cables.
12. Triple Compartment Trunking
13. Construction • A trunking is an enclosure provided for the protection of cables which is
normally square or rectangular in cross-section, having one removable side. Trunking may be
thought of as a more accessible conduit system and for industrial and commercial installations
it is replacing the larger conduit sizes. A trunking system can have great flexibility when used
in conjunction with conduit; the trunking forms the background or framework for the
installation,
14. with conduits running from the trunking to the point controlling the current using
apparatus. When an alteration or extension is required it is easy to drill a hole in the side of
the trunking and run a conduit to the new point. The new wiring can then be drawn through the
new conduit and the existing trunking to the supply point.
18. Installation of Trunking
19. Trunking Support Trunking may be secured direct to a surface or suspended by means of
brackets. As trunking material is thin, there is no room for countersunk holes. Roundhead
screws are suggested, unless of course the fixing surface requires bolts. There are occasions
when the trunking has to be suspended by means of brackets.
20. Correct Screws Used to support Trunking to walls
21. Typical Mounting Brackets used
22. Space Factor • The ratio of the space occupied by all the cables in a conduit or trunking to
the whole space enclosed by the conduit or trunking is known as the space factor. The space
factor for cables within a trunking should not exceed 45%,this means that the cables must not
fill more than 45% of the space enclosed by the trunking.
23. Calculating Space Factor • To calculate the size of trunking required to enclose a number of
cables: • Identify the cable factor for the particular size of conductor. See Table 1 • Multiply the
 cable factor by the number of conductors to give the sum of the cable factors. • Consider the
factors for trunking and shown in Table 5.4. The correct size of trunking to accommodate the
cables is that trunking which has a factor equal to or greater than the sum of the cable factors.
24. Table 1. Trunking, Cable Factors. Adapted from the IEE On Site Guide Note: (i) These
factors are for metal trunking and may be optimistic for plastic trunking where the cross-
sectional area available may be significantly reduced from the nominal by the thickness of the
wall material. (ii) The provision of spare space is advisable; however, any circuits added at a
later date must take into account grouping
25. Table 2. Space Factors for Trunking
26. Application • Trunking can be for both indoors and outdoors , ranging from Domestic,
Commercial and Industrial purpose Many applications includes decorative skirting in homes,
lighting fixtures in restaurants and departments store,

What is Electrical Wiring?

Electrical Wiring is a process of connecting cables and wires to the related devices such
as fuse, switches, sockets, lights, fans etc to the main distribution board is a specific
structure to the utility pole for continues power supply.
Methods of Electrical Wiring Systems w.r.t Taking Connection

Wiring (a process of connecting various accessories for distribution of electrical energy

from supplier’s meter board to home appliances such as lamps, fans and other
domestic appliances is known as Electrical Wiring) can be done using two methods
which are
 Joint box system or Tee system
 Loop – in system
They are discussed as follows:
Joint Box or Tee or Jointing System
In this method of wiring, connections to appliances are made through joints. These
joints are made in joint boxes by means of suitable connectors or joints cutouts. This
method of wiring doesn’t consume too much cables size.

You might think because this method of wiring doesn’t require too much cable it is
therefore cheaper. It is of course but the money you saved from buying cables will be
used in buying joint boxes, thus equation is balanced. This method is suitable for
temporary installations and it is cheap.
Loop-in or Looping System
This method of wiring is universally used in wiring. Lamps and other appliances are
connected in parallel so that each of the appliances can be controlled individually. When
a connection is required at a light or switch, the feed conductor is looped in by bringing
it directly to the terminal and then carrying it forward again to the next point to be fed.
The switch and light feeds are carried round the circuit in a series of loops from one
point to another until the last on the circuit is reached. The phase or line conductors are
looped either in switchboard or box and neutrals are looped either in switchboard or
from light or fan. Line or phase should never be looped from light or fan.
 Advantages of Loop-In Method of Wiring
 It doesn’t require joint boxes and so money is saved
 In loop – in systems, no joint is concealed beneath floors or in roof spaces.

 Fault location is made easy as the points are made only at outlets so that they are accessible.
Disadvantages of Loop-In Method of Wiring
 Length of wire or cables required is more and voltage drop and copper losses are therefore
more
 Looping – in switches and lamp holders is usually difficult.
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Different Types of Electrical Wiring Systems
The types of internal wiring usually used are
 Cleat wiring
 Wooden casing and capping wiring
 CTS or TRS or PVC sheath wiring
 Lead sheathed or metal sheathed wiring
 Conduit wiring
There are additional types of conduit wiring according to Pipes installation (Where steel
and PVC pipes are used for wiring connection and installation).
 Surface or open  Conduit type
 Recessed or concealed or underground type Conduit
Cleat Wiring
This system of wiring comprise of ordinary VIR or PVC insulated wires (occasionally,
sheathed and weather proof cable) braided and compounded held on walls or ceilings
by means of porcelain cleats, Plastic or wood.
Cleat wiring system is a temporary wiring system therefore it is not suitable for domestic
premises. The use of cleat wiring system is over nowadays.
 Advantages of Cleat Wiring:
 It is simple and cheap wiring system
 Most suitable for temporary use i.e. under construction building or army camping
 As the cables and wires of cleat wiring system is in open air, Therefore fault in cables can be
seen and repair easily.
 Cleat wiring system installation is easy and simple.
 Customization can be easily done in this wiring system e.g. alteration and addition.
 Inspection is easy and simple.
Disadvantages of Cleat Wiring:
 Appearance is not so good.
 Cleat wiring can’t be use for permanent use because, Sag may be occur after sometime of the
usage.
 In this wiring system, the cables and wiring is in open air, therefore,
oil, Steam, humidity, smoke, rain, chemical and acidic effect may damage the cables and wires.

 it is not lasting wire system because of the weather effect , risk of fire and wear & tear.
 it can be only used on 250/440 Volts on low temperature.
 There is always a risk of fire and electric shock.
 it can’t be used in important and sensitive location and places.
 It is not lasting, reliable and sustainable wiring system.
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Casing and Capping wiring
Casing and Capping wiring system was famous wiring system in the past but, it is
considered obsolete this days because of Conduit and sheathed wiring system. The
cables used in this kind of wiring were either VIR or PVC or any other approved
insulated cables.
The cables were carried through the wooden casing enclosures. The casing is made up
of a strip of wood with parallel grooves cut length wise so as to accommodate VIR
cables. The grooves were made to separate opposite polarity. the capping (also made
of wood) used to cover the wires and cables installed and fitted in the casing.

Advantages of Casing Capping Wiring:

 It is cheap wiring system as compared to sheathed and conduit wiring systems.
 It is strong and long-lasting wiring system.
 Customization can be easily done in this wiring system.
 If Phase and Neutral wire is installed in separate slots, then repairing is easy.
 Stay for long time in the field due to strong insulation of capping and casing..
 It stays safe from oil, Steam, smoke and rain.
 No risk of electric shock due to covered wires and cables in casing & capping.
Disadvantages Casing Capping Wiring:
 There is a high risk of fire in casing & capping wiring system.
 Not suitable in the acidic, alkalies and humidity conditions
 Costly repairing and need more material.
 Material can’t be found easily in the contemporary
 White ants may damage the casing & capping of wood.
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Batten Wiring (CTS or TRS)
Single core or double core or three core TRS cables with a circular oval shape cables
are used in this kind of wiring. Mostly, single core cables are preferred. TRS cables are
chemical proof, water proof, steam proof, but are slightly affected by lubricating oil. The
TRS cables are run on well seasoned and straight teak wood batten with at least a
thickness of 10mm.
The cables are held on the wooden batten by means of tinned brass link clips (buckle
clip) already fixed on the batten with brass pins and spaced at an interval of 10cm for
horizontal runs and 15cm for vertical runs.
 Advantages of Batten Wiring
 Wiring installation is simple and easy
 cheap as compared to other electrical wiring systems
 Paraphrase is good and beautiful
 Repairing is easy
 strong and long-lasting
 Customization can be easily done in this wiring system.
 less chance of leakage current in batten wiring system
Disadvantages of Batten Wiring
 Can’t be install in the humidity, Chemical effects, open and outdoor areas.
 High risk of firs
 Not safe from external wear & tear and weather effects (because, the wires are openly visible
to heat, dust, steam and smoke.
 Heavy wires can’t be used in batten wiring system.
 Only suitable below then 250V.
 Need more cables and wires.
Lead Sheathed Wiring
The type of wiring employs conductors that are insulated with VIR and covered with an
outer sheath of lead aluminum alloy containing about 95% of lead. The metal sheath
given protection to cables from mechanical damage, moisture and atmospheric
corrosion.
The whole lead covering is made electrically continuous and is connected to earth at the
point of entry to protect against electrolytic action due to leaking current and to provide
safety in case the sheath becomes alive. The cables are run on wooden batten and
fixed by means of link clips just as in TRS wiring.
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Conduit Wiring
There are two additional types of conduit wiring according to pipe installation
 Surface Conduit Wiring
 Concealed Conduit Wiring
Surface Conduit Wiring
If conduits installed on roof or wall, It is known as surface conduit wiring. in this wiring
method, they make holes on the surface of wall on equal distances and conduit is
installed then with the help of rawal plugs.

Concealed Conduit wiring

If the conduits is hidden inside the wall slots with the help of plastering, it is called
concealed conduit wiring. In other words, the electrical wiring system inside wall, roof or
floor with the help of plastic or metallic piping is called concealed conduit wiring.
obliviously, It is the most popular, beautiful, stronger and common electrical wiring
system nowadays.

In conduit wiring, steel tubes known as conduits are installed on the surface of walls by
means of pipe hooks (surface conduit wiring) or buried in walls under plaster and VIR or
PVC cables are afterwards drawn by means of a GI wire of size if about 18SWG.
In Conduit wiring system, The conduits should be electrically continuous and connected
to earth at some suitable points in case of steel conduit. Conduit wiring is a professional
way of wiring a building. Mostly PVC conduits are used in domestic wiring.
The conduit protects the cables from being damaged by rodents (when rodents bites the
cables it will cause short circuit) that is why circuit breakers are in place though but hey!
Prevention is better than cure. Lead conduits are used in factories or when the building
 is prone to fire accident. Trunking is more of like surface conduit wiring. It’s gaining
popularity too.
It is done by screwing a PVC trunking pipe to a wall then passing the cables through the
pipe. The cables in conduit should not be too tight. Space factor have to be put into
consideration.
Types of Conduit
Following conduits are used in the conduit wiring systems (both concealed and surface
conduit wiring) which are shown in the above image.
 Metallic Conduit
 Non-metallic conduit
Metallic Conduit:
Metallic conduits are made of steel which are very strong but costly as well.
There are two types of metallic conduits.
 Class A Conduit: Low gauge conduit (Thin layer steel sheet conduit)
 Class B Conduit: High gauge conduit (Thick sheet of steel conduit)
Non-metallic Conduit:
A solid PVC conduit is used as non-metallic conduit now a days, which is flexible and
easy to bend.