cnn STUDENT GUIDE, PART 1 80-W3066-1 REV A NO PUBLIC DISCLOSURE PERMITTED: Please report postings ofthis document on public servers or websites to: WWADacCntlagentqti.qualcomm.com. Qualcommof China Mobile Training Only, 204, Nt for NO PUBLIC DISCLOSURE PERMITTED: Please report postings ofthis document on public ‘servers or websites to: WWADocCatlagent@ati.qualcomm. com, “This technical data may be subject to U.S. and international export, re-export or transfer (export) laws. Diversion contrary to U.S. and international law fs stricty prohibited, ‘Qualcomm isa trademark of QUALCONM Incorporated, registered in the United States and ‘other countries. WWA and the WWA logo are trademarks of QUALCONMA Incorporated. Al ‘QUALCONM Incorporated trademarks are used with permission, Other products and brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks oftheir respective owners. ‘Qualcomm Wireless Academy is part ofthe World Wireless Academy family of traning programs, Material Use Restrictions “These written materials ae to be used only in conjunction with the associated instructor-led class. They ae not intended to be used solely as reference material, No part of these written materials may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever ‘without the written permission of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (© 2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Ine. Qualcomm Technologies, Ine. 5775 Morehouse Drive San Diego, CA 92121-1714 USAChina Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution Tics art 1: LE er sowaoiet Reva “Table of Contents Part. ‘Secton 1: OFDM Basle ener UD Section Ojecives. OFDM Characteristics noo (OFDM Subaerier - (OFDM Orthogonaliy=— (Creating an OFDM Signal in Practice Meets ef Multipath ne Multipath and OFDY_— nn {yee refx Transmission wane Section Topice — Key OFDM Advanta Key OFDM Challenges. = Frequency Error Sensitivity APR and the Uplink = Creatingan SCFDMA Signal OFDMA Ys SCFDMA ren OFDMA Quiz — Qhie- Answers — What Ate Your Key Takeaways? —n Section 2: E-UTRA Essentials... Section Obeti nnneme— Bandwidth and Waveforms Duplexing Modes... Modulation —— UE-eNodels Communication Link Section Topics nnn Frequency Doman Organization — Frequency Domaln Coniigurations ‘Time Domaia Organization DD Frames, Subrames, and Sots SectioN TOPICS na Time and Frequency Resource Grid Definitions oa Resour Grid Definitions for Contr information 4 Physical Resource Blok Numbered Vira Resource locks = Resource Block Groups ——— Scheduling and Interference Management_——— Seetion Topics nn Downlink MIMO in TE — 50 Generalized Downlink Multiple Antenna Transmission. ws Layer Mapping nnn con8 Precoding Example — Ss Uplin MIMO in LTE —= 7) Sectlon Tops ss LTE Ai lnterface Peak Bata Rates 2288For China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not fr Distribution Te rics ae CLE A ter LTE UE Categories — 7 Achievable Peak Data Rates - = 58 uz = = =) Quiz Answers = Number of samples in 10msis 10s/32.5 ns = 307200 ‘= 207200": 0 ms “lot = (307200/20)"s = 15360TS Hatfeadio frame = Sms + Contains one Sync channel instance + Tailoring ecient 0 trom GSM Radio frame: Ome + Periodicity of Syncchannel Paci TT = 40 ms + Periodicity of primary broadcast channelFor China Mobile Tesining Only, 2014, Not for Distribution Te Prins art: LEA rice sansa tek wus FDD Frames, Subframes, and Slots Tevouee Hemant Thea be vena EDD Frames, Subframes, and Slots Note: 3GPP LTE speciation expresses various elds in the time domain in nits of: ‘Te 1/(15000* 2048) seconds [15 kite subcarrier spacing * 2048 possible subeareer inputs to IFFT/ FFT] ‘The Dowolinkand Uplink transmissions at the physical layer are organized into radio frames of 410 ms (307200 *Ts}. The radio frame's divided into subframes ofl ms (30720 "s) each. The subframes are futher divided into two consecutive slots of 0.5 ms (15360 *Ts) each Ech lot consists of numberof symbols Subframeis the granularity fr Downlink and Uplinkallocatons. ‘Thenetwork can schedulea different set of users in each subframe. “Two ramestructres are defined in LTE. FDD mode uses Frame Structure (FS) Type 1, fa which 10 subframes are availabe or bath Downlinkand Uplink transmissions TDD mode ses Frame Structure (FS) Type (not discussed inthis course) Each OFDM symbol may havea normal Cyclic Prefix or an extended Cyclic Pref The number of ‘OFDM symbols per slots 6 or 7, corresponding tothe extended Cycle Prefix andthe normal Cyclic Prefix Multleast Broadcast over Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) uses 3 OFDM symbol. The subcarriersare spaced at 15 kitzoF 75 kite for MBSFN) in the frequency domain, The total number ‘of subcarriers depends on the channel bandwidth. ‘The Resource Element (RE) is essentially one subcarrier and one OFDM symbol. A modulation symbol, which represents the numberof data bits, is mapped to one REipa Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not fr Distibution wus Section Topics + Identity the main E-UTRA air interface capabilites. + Explain E-UTRA Downlink and Uplink time and frequency organization. + Define the components of Ue E-UTRA resource gi + bescribe MNO suppor in LTE + biscuss Maximum Achievable Data Rates.For China Mobile Tr 1014, Net for Distribution rence or: LTE se snd teva wwe Time and Frequency Resource Grid Definitions Resource Elomen RE) = * One OFA srt one star as + sole tne an eqn rece sea Rear Block (8) * yea Layer Rene of 0 x3 me + One st tne i ane equeny 2 abcaies for 1 spacig = subcaies for 7.5 spac . ‘Time and Frequency Resource Grid Definitions ‘+ Resource Element (RE): The smallest wot inthe time equency grid: corresponds toa Single subcarrier asignment fora singe slot duration, ‘+ Resource Block (RB): The assignment ofa block of 12 consecutive subcarriers (180 kz, given 15 kiz subcarrier spacing) for atime duration ofa slot (7 symbol perio with normal ). + Physical Resource Block (PRB): Term used to describe the physica esourcein the time /frequency gi References: + 1536211 §5.2and 62Fro Chin Lr rcpt at: LEA trace towsoiet Rev wwe Resource Grid Definitions for Control Information, Revource Elmont Group (EG) ays * Guaolinfomaten, eo aes + Arable Rs pr REG * Group 0 9 REGS forma sil cCE Soc the stone’ #8 ‘he tt of evry arom or + Sett antenna prs supported depen on ‘eteence ae contigo tne ‘UL/DLResource Grd Definitions: Control information + Resource Element Group (REG): An aggregation of oF 6 Resource Elements (incuding the RES for DL Reference Signals) used to cary contro information. The control regions limited. Lp tothe frst3 symbols ofthe subframe for large bandwidths and upto 4 symbols for small Dando ‘AResource Element Group isrepresented by the Index palr (4) ofthe resource element ‘with the lowest index kinthe group, with ll resource elements inte group having the same Value of The set of resource elements (i) ina Resource Element Group depends onthe ‘number of celtspecifc reference signals configured, + Control Channel Elements ~ A set of Resource Element Groups used to cary control information fr DL channels, Each CCE consists of36 usable RES (9 REG "4 usable Rfs/REG) The figure above considers a two antenna port transmission with bth reference signals using some RES, normal eylie prefix configuration and alarge LTE bandwith allocation + Antenna Port — A virtual identifier, defined by an associated reference signal. LTE Di transmission may consist of multiple antennas. In ease of mule antenna transmission, sich as spatial multiplexing and specic transmit diversity schemes, one corresponding ‘ference signal is transmitted per antenna port and then used fr channel estimation. These ‘reference signals per antenna port are transmitted using Resource Elements inthe time/frequency gra. When multipe reference signals antenna ports) areused, Resource "Elements for carrying the signals for esch antenna port ae alloted An antenna port does not always correspond to a specie physical antenna, References: + 7536211 §624 (Resource Groups)For China Mobile ng Only, 2014, No for Dietraution + PRBS are numbered in increasing frequency Me =O I j wad ee i 3 2 pew | Pysical Resource Blocks Physical Resource Block (PRE) isthe term used to deseribe the physical resource the time/frequency gi A Physical Resource Block (PRB) consists of 180 kilz of bandwidth within a ‘single slot. The number of PRBS depends on the channel bandwidth. There s minimumof6 RBSina slotfora 14 Mz channel and up to 110 RBs fora 20 Mz channel (only 100 PRBs are actually wed, for 20 MHz to allow for guard band forthe emission spectrum. A UE Is allocated a number of ‘contiguous or non-contiguous PRES. References: + 1836211 §6.23 (Definition and numbering of PRBS)For China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distibution TE Pipes art 1: TEA era soyaes6 Rev wie Virtual Resource Blocks AAVirtual Resource Block (VRB) isthe same size as a Physical Resource Block but numbered over the subframe forthe purpose of a resource allocation. + VR pairs are numbered in increasing frequency so. Dlon Nf =1 o Virtual Resource Blocks Virtual Resource Blocks (VRB) are a virtua frequency resource mapping tothe physical resource in the time-frequency grid. Its the same sizoasa PRB andi sed to describe the resource block esourcesasigned to aspecific UE by the eNode® scheduler. par of VRUs over two sltsina Subframe assigned together bya single virtual resource lock number Ng There are two types of VRB defined = Localized Virtual Resource Block: Localized VRBs map to PRs that are contiguous; thai subearriers from one PRO to another are sequential ~ Distributed Virtual Resource Block: Distributed VRBS map to PRBS that are not necessarily contiguous inthe time frequency grid. The mapping between a VRB pai and 5 PRA pair could be such that VR maybe contiguossin consecutive subframes but PROS the contiguous. lk, within the VRE pairin a subframe the first part slo) af the 'VRB could be assignedto a specific PRB ad the second part could be assigned to a PRB. located a pre-defined distance away. As aesult there is nter-slot frequency hopping. References: + 936.211 862.3. and 2 (VRB numbering and mapping between VRBS and PRBS)For China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distibuton re rps Pr Ler eowsniet Revs wwe Resource Block Groups Resource Block Groups (RBG) are groups of consecutive VRB allocations. ‘RG Size P = Number of YR allocations per ROG ample for NY +P depenson te system bach Ni + locating RG ees seating verted othe {ager stem barat im Resource flock Groups (RGBS) Another unit of resource allocation in the Dovnlinks Resource Block Group (REG), which isa group of consecutive Virtual Resource Blocks. Allocating bandwidth in RBGS reduces allocation overhead since the number of bits needed to uniquely represent each RBG is much less than the aumber of. bits needed to uniquely represent each RE. The size and numberof RAGs depend onthe channel bandwidth, as shown nthe table the side,For Chins Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Dstbution Te Prices ae: TEA ere y wwe Scheduling and Interference Management. Downlink scheduling + UE ends chanel quality epors which allow the Node 8 to determine a suitable DL transmission mode, transmitted sana conditioning, and favorable Sections of frequeny spectrum. + Base on channel quality and Qos requirements per UE, the network scheduler may assign resource blocks (time/trequency resources) to the UES Uplink scheduling “+ Network scheduler asins resources to various UES from the availble time frequency sri. + Intact nterference i negligible in principle. Inter-cell interference Management “+ Both UL/DL schedulers may restrict specific frequency resources fer wers at call edge + Intercell communication 0 interface bed) i require to coordinate this interference reduction eerreba: A For China Mobile Teining Only, 2014, Nat fr Distbution wus Section Topics identity the main -UTRA ir interface capabil Explain E-UTRADownlik and Uptink time and ‘requency organization Define the components ofthe E-UTRA resource gid Describe MINO support in LTE. + biscuss Maximum Achievable Data Rates. Notes‘or China Mable Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution LT inp are 1:47 A trae sa 086t fork wd Downlink MIMO in LTE LTE Downlink MIMO operation allows: Spool multiplex = multiple, parallel data streams are transmitted simultaneously to increase the data rate and spectral efficiency. ~ Requires high SNR, low mobility and a scattering rich environment = Closed and open loop operation supported ~ Single User (SU) and Multi-User (MU) supported * Data streams canbe assigned concurrently tothe same or itferent users + soomforming = single data stream sent with improved SNR ~ Enables improved performance in less favorable channel conditions UE measurements provide channel state information to eNode®, + Sronsmit diversity ~single data stream with improved SNR ~ Enables diversity gain utilizing a fixed Alamout-Like precoding MIMO in LTE LTE Release 8 offers seven transmission modes forthe Downline + Mage 1: Single antenna prt- Transmissions using» single Tx antenna at Node *conventiona” approach + Mode 2: Transmit diversity -Transmisions of single codeword using Alamouti-like transmit diversity schemes + Mode 3: Single-User MIMO open loop spatial mukiplexing Transmissions using spatial ‘multiplexing. Only Rank Indieation feedback, + Mode: Single-User MIMO closed loop spatial multiplexing -Up to two codewords 4 layers, 4 antennas, UE can provide Rank and Pre-coding Matrix Indication feedback. + Mode S: Mul-user MINO closed loop Space Division Maltiple Access (SDMA) - Different tsers can use same time frequency resburcesin diferent lorations within cel, + Mode 6: Closed loop Ranke=1 precoding -Sameas Mode 4 with fixed rankf + Mode 7: Single antenna port-Same as Bade 1 using UE-specfic Reference Signals. The specficmode of transmission sseml-statically defined by Layer 3 signaling.For China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Dietibution reprint: LEAF rn ue Ree wud Generalized Downlink Multiple Antenna Transmission Maximum of 2 codewords canbe transmitted atthe same time = cadeword ora 1 trananasn © Reodewarc fe rnk 2/94 trannies Layer Mapping: Fised mapping between codewords to transmis ayers (up Precoding: Code book based precoding of infcrmatin on each layer ~ Can beesed en caret dependent eedhck reposted bythe UE + meoding Hai nex (Pan Rank nae (force aap MO + Open cop MIO leave ing nly Maximum of transmit antennas 11 bjs are preceded and mapped to arabe antenna ports ‘antago caverta tannins ya *echitonarmindbatopeerecopler etme ba 1 ingot cpio oan sored { trecdngathecmpe lution pmol oncchaeremminn oh tea ort ‘ppg eon el eur rebate pota eden Genetiofempe hid mena FD al oe oe Sg adewerd(SCW) =U on a por se + rrenpis How aptere nent MBO anmon Advanapsant vantages er SOW or MEW ‘he Sw tease ante ia 850g ANAK sip ne 50 ow ont MUSE cet “Redeacal Soot Scrap aaah py ean ls dschs weg ania ova enn 80a eee nes ini) The ME neni ‘lore rence reir stl resin owee We wie ett cee ‘lng ethent crercnpay an meet Th goa fe ea Fes a ‘Recerca cua en nt ‘Sot reach ver frrmore sic reer moyen a hiner Ha acted ee ‘Sram veers one vr co tna dts ran mann en ECFor China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution rere re soya tra wwe Layer Mapping Iv the rank numberof layers) equas the numberof codewords transittd, Al he codewords lation smbels (0, a2 3) placed on ayer =" hy eae ihn 1 the rank exceeds the number of codeword to be transmitted. "he cadewerds motion syle pit between ayers na predetermine manner {on-scene 8) 5pm same fon on apr 20nd Layer Mapp codeword to ayer mapping follows one ofthe formats shown below: cee eee 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 2 4 2For Ghina Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution re Pres ar: EA ere wwe Precoding Example Antenna Ports are not the same as Layers! + recoding takes the information from each and determines the amplitude and haze ofthat information on each aitenna port ~ The resulting sun defines the transmission onthe antenna ports a — =s a son Cee commences ee, CMD A sess ‘Ses opiate rapa) cog tthe Pesce made [a _, ..... NotesFor China Mobila Training Only. 2 Te Prine: EA ar 14, Not for Distribution wwe Uplink MIMO in LTE LTE Uplink utilizes a single transmitting antenna: + Multi-user MIMO (SDMA) possible ~ Same UL resource allocated to multiple wsers ~ ifferent UES apply diferent cyclic shifts to their reference signals, + Enables eNodeb channel estimation for detection of diferent streams el 6 ia ‘MIMO in LTE (Uplink) Multiple User MIMO (SDMA) forthe Uplink snot explicitly mentioned in the specification but may be implicitly supported by the eNoded to improve Uplink cll capacity. 2x2 Uplink MU-MIMO Involves 2 UEs transmitting single data stream each using the sams eNodeB allocated RB resources. The 2 UES use ferent eyclicaly shifted reference signals that can be used by the «Nodes to estimate the channel. The eNode® can then use this channel tae information to separate and decode both streams. References: + Tino Lame ari Lindholm, Kari Pajkoski, Esa Tila, Anti Toskala, “EUTRAN Uplink 2007, Performance" XETerie Pat 1 LTE Ar ere For China Mabie Tr ing Only, 2014, Not for Distribution wwe Section Topics + entity the main E-UTRA ir interface capabilites. + Expalin E-UTRA Downlink and Uplink time and frequency organization, * Define the components of the E-UTRA resource ari. * Describe MIMO support in LTE, * Discuss Maximum Achievable Data Rates. NotesFor China Mobile Teining Only, 2014, Not for Distibution re Pics are cE A tar wud LTE Air Interface Peak Data Rates ers B-UTRA Air Interface Peak Data Rates ‘Toachievethe maximum data rate fr LTE, the maximum availabe frequency allocation of 20 Mltz with ts associated 1096 guard band must be employed where the OFDM uses the normal eyclc Prefix. n the Downlink, 4x4 MIMO must be uized in spatial multiplexing mode, which results in an ‘vertea forthe Reference Signals of 14.3% Adtionally, the minimum control region (for PDCCH, PCFICH, and PHICH) must be employed utllainga single symbol af each subame in adaition co the ‘other mandatory common contel channels. For the Uplink the resources reserved for RACH and forthe Demodulation Reference Signals must also be considered.rene ine Mobile Training Oni, 2014, Noor Dstibution ag vag wwe LTE UE Categories + Each UE category supports a different peak data rate in depending on specific pysieal and L? parameters ‘+ 64-QAM is supported in the DLby all UE categories, but only category 5 supports 64-040 in the UL, * Single category definition for UL and DL characteristics. LETEUE Categories Dieent UE categories are capable of achieving diferent pel UL. and DL data rates function of pyc layer and 2 parameters. ferent UE vendors may supportspecific UE categories (implementation and development eye dependent) Grom che March 200 speciation) DL Physical Layer Parameters Max of ttalDL-SCH TS bits (across ll TBs) received per TTI ~ Ths defines the maxim number of [DLSCH transport blocks bits that the UE iscapble of reclvng within DL-SCH TTL In ess of satin) ‘mulplesng this the sum fhe number ofits delivered in eachofthe wo transport bck Ths number hoes nonce the bits fa DL-SCH transport block arying BCH in the same subrame Dax # obits ofa DL-SCH TR received per TT This defines the maximun numberof DL-SCH transport block bis that the UB capable of ecetvng na single transport block wth a DL SCH TT UL Physical Layer Parameters Max of its ofan UL-SCH TH transmitted per TT1This defines the maximum number ofits of UL-SCH transport bloc ansmted within an UL-SCHTT. layer 2 Parameter: “The otal Layer 2 baller size is defined asthe sumo the number of byte thatthe UE capable storing the RLC transmisslon windows and RLC reception and rerdering windows foal radio bearer Note thatthe maximum numberof total DL-SCH bis across als) pee THs rated to the total number of “n-channel bis, masemum numberof sipped layer for spatial muiplesing and he Layer 2 ber sie forthe UE ego. References: + 1536306, 541rent Sine Mable Training Onl, 2014, Not for Ditton wuid Achievable Peak Data Rates Peak data rates scale with the bandwidth * 2 Miho supported for inti TE Downlink or teva 2x2 a i ‘Seployments 8 Hope 73 Mbps | 147 Mops | 36ibes | [ach spp highest tes 150 mbps | 300mbps | 754s | « simar peak data rats defined for Foo and 0. LUE Supported Peak Data Rates (vos) * UE Ctegoey recited for hihest peak ates Achievable Peak Data Rates ‘The default UE has two antennas or the receive path and one antenna forthe transmit path This _means we can have SDMA on the Downlink but true SDMA onthe Uplink not possible. ‘The standard allows for up to four antonnas onthe eNedeB, which would further enhance MIMO / SDMA capabilities ‘The VEcategory defines both Downlink and Uplink performance.nina Mobile Teining Only, 2014, Not for Distribution LTE Princ art: EA ra sn youet fev wwe Quiz LTE supports which dgal modulation schemes forthe user's data? The type of handover supported in LTE is called ? LTE supports wat forms of duplening? LTE supports which forms of IMO? ‘The fundamental sement in the tie frequency gi sa 2 LTE control channats are an aggregation of a The largest system bandit supported in the nt release of LTE LE allocates at the physical layerFo Ghina Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution erin ate ie toon nerd wus Quiz - Answers 1. LTE supports which digital madkatin schemes forthe users data? rsx 16'G0M, 64-QaUm 2 The type of handover supported in LTE called 2. LTE supports what forme of duplexing? 0 ond 700 4. LTE supports whieh frm of MNO? Spatial multiplexing, Transmit Diversity ond Beamforming 5. The fundamental element nthe time frequency grid fea 00010 6 LTE cntrlchannats are an aggregation af Coto! Chane! ElementsFe China Motile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution Te Prins: LEA trace wud Quiz - Answers ‘The largest system bandwidth supported inthe initial release of LE is ATE allocates sia! esour ee Bits atthe physica ayer. NotesFor China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distibution re icles ar TEA era owse What Are Your Key Takeaways? Fill in your key takeaways from this section: Example: Capabilities of LTE Air Interface include scalable bandwidth and multiple duplexing modes. ‘Additional Key Takeaways from this section: + Capabities oF LTE Air interface include: Scalable bandwidth and multiple duplexing modes = OFDMA0n DL and SC-FDMA ont. ~ Single UL/DL connection with eNodet ~ Mulipleantenna support upto 4 antennas + Main units oftimen LTB are the: ~ Radio Frame = 10 msee = Subframe= 1 msec (10 subframes ina frame) ~ Slot = 05 msec (20 slots per radio frame) + LtBallocatesto UEs Physical Resources Blocks (PRB) of 12 subcarriers totaling 180 KHz of hhandwidth forthe duration ofa subframe.For China Mabile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distrbuton LTE Prins Pr LEA sn ya0ket Rev wwe References $36,300, 1536211, 1S36.212, 36.213, Ue and enodes Procedures T6300 TEE catepories 15 36.306, 541 Frequency Domain Organization 36.101, Resource Groups: TS 36.21, 9.2.3.2, 7S 36.21, Time and Frequency Resource 86.2.4 Grid Definitions ‘Mapping between Distributed VRBS and PRB: 83621, 56.232 NotesFo: China Mobile Training Only, 2074, Not for Dietibution LT Pres ae: LEA rae snnodet nev k wwe Appendix. Eee)For China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution Tender LTE er somes ners wus What is MIMO? MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output + NxM MINO system: W transmit antennas and M receive antennas, ~ has NxM ransmitter-eceiver signal paths + Multiple signals IN . Multiple signals OUT + Improves spectral efficiency over SISO (Single Input Single Output) or SIMO (Single input Multiple Outputs) % we mo In wireless communications, MIMO refers to wireless channel with multiple inputs and multiple ‘outputs A wireless communication system utilizing multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas over the wireless channel is often refered to asa MIMO system. Ina MIMO systom, there are x H signal paths fom the transmit antennas and the receive antennas, andthe signals on these paths are not identical. On the transmitter end, the data signal is Constructed in such away that eiferent antennas cary diferent variations ofthe signal, such a= Aitferent phases, amplitude, or waveforms. At the receiver end, cach variation of the data signals received diferent at different antennas due to differences in channel fading, With MIMO, the ‘signals on the transmit (Ts) antennas at one end and the recive (Rx) antennas at he other end are ‘combined so the quality (biverror rate or BER) or the data rate ofthe communication for each MIMO user wil be better than SISO (single input and single output) oF SIMO (singe input and multiple outputs) From an implementation perspective, the MIMO system can be categorized as closed-oop system ‘ran opemoop system. Ina closed-loop system, the receiver reports the channel information tothe transmitter. In an open-loop system, such information snot available at the transmitterina Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution wwe What can MIMO Provide? MIMO creates multiple data transmission pipes + Pipes are orthogonal in space-time domain +The numberof pipes equals the rank of the system. + The rank is limited by number of transmit or receive antennas and the multipath environment ~ Line-of-sight channel tits the rank = : \ ‘MIMO Creates Multiple (Parallel) Data ‘Transmission Pipes Conceptually speaking the MIMO system utilizes the space and time diversity in a multipath rich environment and creates multiple parallel data transmission pipes on which data can be carried, ‘The picture inthe slide shows rank=2 MIMO system, in which two data pipesare created, The data pipes are realized with proper digital signal processing by properly combining sigalsion the x M paths. (Note: A transmission pipe doesnot coresponclto sn antenna transmission chain oF anyone particular signal path) These transmission pipes are orthogonal in the space-time domain nd, {hus create litle interference to each othe. The pipes are not equal Le, the interference differs on "he pipes. pipe tha has low interference referredto asa strong pipe) can suppor high rate dara streams, while pipe with high interference supports lower rate data streams. The rank ofthe MIMO system s limited by the numberof transmit or receive antennas, whichever lower. The wireless channel condition alsoatfets the rank the system. A multipath ich channel «an esult in afllrrank MIMO system, while ine-of sight (LOS) channel that lacks multipath components can reduce the rank ofa MIMO system to 1, For afal-tank MIMO system, the rank ‘equals the minimum ofthe numberof transmit and reclveantennas. ‘The parallel data transmission pipes canbe used indifferent ways: Dependingon how the parallel data transmission pipes are used, the MIMO system ean provide different kinds of benefits such as array gain, diversity gain, multiplexing gan, and co-channel interference reduction,Fr Ghina Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution LTE Preps Prt: LEA era wwe MIMO Gains ‘MIMO gains depend on how the data pipes are used. Data stream on only the strongest pine - Geamforming ~ Use al the power onthe strongest pipe (Le, the mast efficient pipe) ~ Increased coverage and signal SNR + ifferent data streams on different pipes - Spatial Multiplexing ~ Increased spectral efficiency (increased overall throughput) ~ Power is divided among the data streams + Same data on all the pipes - Diversity Gain ~ Increased coverage and link quality + Different data on different pipes for different users SOMA ~ Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) fs also referred to as co-channel imerference reduction ~ Increased system capacity MIMO Gains The data pipesin the MIMO system are usually not equal Stronger pipes have less interference than ‘weaker pipes. Hence, it makes sense to spend more power onthe stronger pips, because the power willbe more efficient utlized carrying data instead of combating interference. The (data {hroughut gain achieved when all the power isfocused on the strongest pipe is refered to asthe “Array gain. Array gan sachieved from transmitter receiver beanforming. When the overall channel conditions good and all the pipes are strong, it makes sense to mukilex data transmission onal the pipes. Multiplexing gan (aso referred to as spatial multiplexing gan) Increases the benefitof MIMO far beyond what can be achieved by beamforming By utilzingthe rich maltipath and large delay spread ofthe fading channel, MIMO transmits Independent data sreams over multiple data pipesto increase throughput, The transmission power Is shared among {he data pipes. Mltiple antennas at both ends ofthe radio link are required. Channel knowledge at the transmitters also required. Mutplexing gain doesnot require additional spectral bandwidth or power {n adaition to beamforming or spatial multiplexing there are many other ways to tlize the parallel data pipes created by the MINO system. For instance, the same data stream canbe transmitted on ‘multiple data pipes which can increase the reliability of the transmission; the gain referred toa the MIMO diversity gain, Ora MIMO system can transmit different data streams to diferent users on Afferent pipes. Sinee the pipes ae orthogonal the interference between the users, also reerredto ‘asthe co-channel interference, is reduced Ths increases system capacFor Cina Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distabution repre Prt LEA mraz sa a0i6t Revd ww MIMO Beamforming When channel conditions are not good: Concentrate all the power to the strongest pipe ~ Precoding is used to map data streams onto the strongest pipe ~ Precoding is determined based on the channel info feedback Increased coverage and signal SNR ons lathe stones pe “OQ (Chane intron Feedback MIMO Beamforming /Aweak witless channel has very high interference. In this case, itis better to concentrate all (and finite) transmission power onthe strongest pipe so more data can be delivered tothe receiver. By doing so, the MIMO system increases the signal SNR (and increases system coverage) compared to ‘on-MIMO system. Thsincrease of SNR isteferredto asthe (antenna) array gan. From the spatial domain point of view, te strongest transmission pipes selected via transmitter receiver beamforming, With arrays of antennas atthe transmitter and receiver, beamforming allows the MIMD system ta increase the average received SNR by focusing signalsin the correct direction atthe transmitter side and coherently combining received signal tthe receiver. To combine signals coherently, the system needs wireless channel knowlege atthe transmitter and receive, “The beamforming technique is supported inthe 3GPP MIMO system, and is achieved vi the digital signal processing technique referred to as precoding. The transmitter determines the precoding based on its knowledge ofthe channel which is obtained fom the channel information feedback received fromthe receiver.For China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution rence Prt: LEA ei omodet avs wwe ‘IMO Spatial Multiplexing ‘When channel conditions are good: “Transmit parallet data streams on parallel pipes Different precoding is used with respect to diferent data pipes ‘otal transmission power is shared among the pipes Increase total data throughput while Keeping the same total power and total bandwigth ‘MIMO spatial Multiplexing Gain Inadaition to beamforming gain (Le, antenna array gain), spatial multiplexing sanothr digital signal processing technique used withthe MIMO system. This technique allows theuserto send ‘multiple independent data streams over the wireless channel o achieve high spectrum efficiency ‘Multiplexing gain also referred to as spatial multiplexing gain) increases the benefit of MIMO far beyond what canbe achieved by beamforming. The MIMO system maps independent data streams ‘ver multiple data pipes t increase throughput. Each data stream is processed with precoding before being sent overall the transmissionantennas, isthe same weighting and phase shifting signal processing sin beamforming. Each data pipe requires ts unique precoding. The transmission power i shared among the data pipes. Multiple antennas at both ends of the radio ink arerequed, Channel knowledge at the transmitter i also required. Multiplexing gain does not require aditional spectral bandwidth or power; ‘The multiplexing gain is mainly achieved with good channel conditions (ite interference) With ‘good channel conditions, itis more efficent to share the transmission power on multiple erthogonal {independent ata pipes. Since multiple data streams retransmitted simultaneously, the total transmission power is shared among multiple data streams. Hence, the total signal-to-noise ratio [SNR) isalso shared among multiple data steams, resulting in lower SNR on each individual data iream. If dhe total SNRs ow, the SNR each individual stream wil be small and the throughput ‘oneach data stream wil suffer, Thisindicates that the spatial multiplexing gan for MIMO is mostly achieved atthe high SNR cegion, where goed throughput ean be achieved on each ofthe Independent data streamsFor China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution Tics art: TEA roe so nso4et Rev Spatial Multiplexing Gain ise] {ee same transmit power i vided among. | aie ‘uti paths, the resultant aearega Ahrovghput increased, | * % Spatial Multiplexing Gain ‘The spatial multiplexing gain is based on Jenson’s inequality, a mathematical proof that states that the log ofa sum isles than the sum ofthe log of individual terms (iustrated in the slide). Spatial ‘multiplexing cam benefit fom this by spliting the power among mulkiple steams and gettinga net increase in throughput. Using Jenson’ inequality, we can write loga(1+ SNR) < 4*log,(1 + SNR/4) and see that spatial ‘multiplexing has the capability to increase the capacity of the sytem. ‘With sumo spatiat multiplexing single data stream is divided into multiple independent sub- streams, Each stream is transmitted with fraction ofthe total power and tansmted ver an independent channel. Ths increases the total sum of throughput on allthe sub-sreams and increases capacity (throughput) with the same total transmission power ‘key aspect of achieving moliplexing gain i that the muluple data channels generated using the ‘MIMO system shouldbe independent je, the data streams donot interfere with each other. This limits he multiplexing gain realizedby the MIMO system. Another aspect ofthe MIMO spatial multiplxingis thatthe multiplexing gan increasesas the SNR increases, as shown bythe formula nthe slide. Thus the high SNR region will benef the mast from the MIMO spatial maltiplxing gain. When the SNR decreases, the spatial multiplexing gain iminises. Instead, the MIMO array ain should be wilizedre cere agra Mobile Trining Only, 2014, Not for Ditton sacs nen wus MIMO - Practical Considerations In practic When SNR is low: + MIMO provides title spatiat ‘multiplexing gain + Beamforming and diversity receiver improve signal SHR Trroughput - gai compared {patil matilaxha san ‘Sth SISO. [centers SAR nee ‘When SNR is high + MIMO provides high spatial o ‘muttiplexing gain wR Incroase When there is Los: Sa + Multiplexing sain diminishes ‘nore stone tw Practical Considerations. ‘As explained eater, the MIMO system can essentially operate nwo modes: spatial matiplexing and beamforming + receiver diversi. One focuses on utilizing the multipath environment to chieve multiplexing gain, while the other focuses on maximizing the antenna aray gain. With diferent objectives te signal procssingat the transmitter and receiver wile diferent. In reality, tis not possibie to maximize thearray gain and the multiplexing gain at the same times hence, «dynamic schemes in signal processing and MIMO operation are needed to get the best overall galn ‘compared S150 (Single input single output) or SIMO {single input multiple ouput systems. In practice the spatial multiplexing gain is high inthe high SNR region (as explained earlier) Thus It Is beneficial to operate in multiplexing mode when SNR is high. When SNR is ow, however, the spatial multiplex gain is very smal, In addltion, due to inter-stream interference, the actual ‘throughput gain canbe negative, as illustrated in this lide (nthe other hand, the benefit of beamforming (or antenna array gain) is more significant low 'SNRbecause the improved SNR can increase throughput In aigh SNR region, improved SNR may not necessarily increase throughput die to modulation scheme tations. Therefore, the MIMO. system should operate in spatial multiplexing mode at high SNRs.For Ghina Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution LT riper 1: EA ra RoE, tonnodet tov fen ure Baus plearere art 1 EA Fr Ghina Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution wwe Section Objectives Understand the relationship between the LTE protocol layers and the logical, transport, and physical channels, Explain the logical channels used in LTE. Explain the transport channels used in LTE. Name the Downlink physical channels and understand their purpose. Name the Uplink physical channels and understand their purpose. Understand the overall LTE channel structure and ‘mapping for both the Downlink and Uplink, Count how many acronyms you can remember! NotesFor China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution re Prins ar: LTE AF tr snout Rev wwe ‘Access Stratum Channel Terminology RC asin the signaling and data radio bearers to available resources provided by tower layers ofthe Access Stratum nthe form of Logical, anspor, and Physical channels a en) eetion 4 Faso ink ont)Fo China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution repre rt LEA ia sonnet Revs wus Logical Channels Lose chenets contin the formation in the signaling radio bear and radio bearers that RRC hs assigned or mapped) to them Radio Link Control |RLC) provides low contro to these information bearers, allowing data tobe sent ackromtedged/ unacknowledged ina ogeal channel Control channels sed signaling or Contra Plane information rete Contra Cannel (Occ) Matic Control Channel (CCH) Trafic Channels carry data or User Plane information Dedicated Tatfic Camel (TCH) msc Tac Chanel (ATC age dane ae the formation Yani fee bythe MAC tr Logical Channels Logical channets are involved with what ype of information transfer services are offered by the MAC layer * Control Channels (forthe transfer of Control Plane information) + ‘Traffic Channels (for the transfer of User Plane information) Control Logical Channels (Control Plane information) + Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) > Carries System nformation + Paging Control Channel (PCCH) > Carries Paging Information ‘+ Multicast Control Channel (MCCH) > Point to-mulkipoint MBMS control information + Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) > Carries dedicated (point-to-point) control information + Common Control Channel (CCH) > Carries common (pont-¢o-muipeint) control information before RRC connection established. ‘eatficLogieal Channels (User Plane information) + Dedicated Trac Channel(DTCH) > Pointto-point (unicast) dedicated trafic channel + MulicastTraffieChannel (MTCH) > Polntco-multipoint channel for MBMS traeFor China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distibution rence Prt: Ea ac soso novs wud Transport Channels assigned to them So they canbe sent bythe physical ayer channels Hetium Acces Control (NAC) provides formatting, tagging, ad privtzation as needed fn produces transport Blocks sutable fr physiea layer transport. Downlink * Broadcast Channel (BCH) cane sytem oat fronton + Paging Channel (PCH) Cares sig feat + Dowink Shared Channel (OL-SCH) career eration an at + mattcast Channel (NCH) caesar serves Uplink + Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) caves. maton asin esse by ert) * Random Access Chanel (RACH) Caeser sare reqs ones information ‘Transport Channels Teanprtchanasarlvlved wh how deren ypes of isoaaton re ransere over eae Broadcast channel (BCH) * Fed, pre-defined transport Format * Requirementto be broadeastin the entire coverage area ofthe cll Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) ‘Support for ARQand lnk adaptation (varying molation, coding and Tx power) + Support or both dynamicand semi static resource allocation ‘+ Support UE discontinuous reception (DRX) to enable conservation of UE power + Siow power contrel (depends on the physical layer) aging Channel (PCH) * Support fr UE discontinuous reception (DRX) to enable UE power saving + Requrerentto be broadcast teenie coverage area ofthe cll, ‘+ Mapped o physial resources which also can be used dyamialy for trafifother contol channels Multicast Channel (CH) + Requirement tobe broadcast in the entire coverage area ofthe cll + Support for MBSFN combining of MBMS transmission on mall lis + Support or somistatieresourceallocation Random Access Chanel (RACH) + Allows Uplink random access by UE Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCHT) + UE signaling and trafic are multiplexed onto UL-SCHtFor China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distibuton Te Prine Pr: LEA vias Sud a0 0661 Rok wus Downtink Physical Channels Physical channels contain transport channel information blocs that RRC has assigned to them for over the ar transmission Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Pyscal Downlink shared Channel (POSCH) Physcal Multicast Channel [PMCH) Physical contol channels provide necessary contol information Physical Contra Format ingieator Channel (PCFICH) Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) Physical Hybrid ARQ. ndleator Channel (HICH) Downlink Physical Channels * Physta Broadcast channel (PDCH ~Containsthe Master formation Black (MIB) which contains {Enough information to enable the UE ead the sibs nthe Down Shared Channel. The Ma ‘oman =" overall De ransmision bandwith = PhCH contguration inthe ell = Sytem Fame Naber = _Nunberaf transmitatens pet) + Physi Downlink shared Chanvel (PDSCH) ~The min dats bearing Downik hanneln LTE and Sisotrnsportsbrosdcat information sind agg messages Users arene ad fequeney mulipexed Sn the share channel. The POSCH uses Resore Elements tat re not reserved for ther purposes Inladng antenna erence ina PEMY, PCH an PDCE tat occupy Resource ements within the chanel + Physical Contra Format indicator Channel (PCICH)~ Provides a énamiendeaon othe ‘ube of OFDM symbols rine span where POCCH transmit heer sufame (ok control Tegon) The mapringor the PCC so speci rseurce cements anion fee Iban veral ‘pate eansmiion bandh + Physial Dowink Gntrol Chamne (PDCCH) ~ Carles Dwain Contra norton (C1) roving formation about he Downlink an Upin asignments onthe FOSCH Ulin assignments RB assgnnent, transport okie retrnsmison sequence nub, ower cont command ete ~ Down assignments ~ RB assignment, ranspot locks HARQ process number Redundancy ‘Veron index Up power conte command “e = Uplink Power Conrl Commas = Paxngindenor + Pasta HARQ Indeator Channel (PHI ~ Sends he ACK/NAK or the Uplink shared chanelFor China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not fr Dist tion {re ce Pe LEA san tr wud Downtink Physical Signals Reference Signals (RS) et specie soacees th OSH mileage emis Afr srl one by tk ved lt pt Synchronization Signals Provide tne scvniation ana Phyl Layer ClO (04 possibile Primary Syetrontzton Saal P38) Provides» unig Cel ie (0,1, 62) thin Cel up Secondary Syetoization Sint 55) Poids 2 uae Cel 10 group rember aang 168 pose Cel D grours Downlink Physical Signals “The Downlink Reference Signals are used for channel estimation by the UE and indicate the number ‘ofantennas used for Downlink transmission. An antenna ports defined by tsassocated Reference Signal. The physical layer is specified in termsofthe following antenna ports: + Antenna ports (0,1,2,3) for actual physial antennas ~ 1,2,and 4 transmitantonnasare supported inthe speifiction| ‘+ Antenna ports (4, 5} are logical ports = Pore reserved for MSFN RS ~ Port 5 reserved for UE-pecific RS ‘Time and Frequency acquisition as wells Physical Layer cll D determination are performed using ‘the Primary and Secondary Synchronization Signals. To support te overall bandwidth transmission, ‘variation itis desirable to have synchronization channels common tall ystems with different permitted transmission bandwidths. To support thls, the Downlink PSS and SS ae transmitted Using the center ofthe LOB MI bandwdth 6 Resource Blocks or 72 subcarriers), regardless of the ‘overall system bandwidth of the cel,For Chira Motilo Training Only, 2014, No for Distribution incl Part 1 LTE er wonder nev wus Downlink Channetization Hierarchy ‘Mest Downlink data traffic is transported by the Downlink shared Channel (DSCH) and 1s corresponding Pryscal Downlink Shared Channel (POSCH) acl Chanel What peo ‘Control Channels rhe rao of Conta Plane norma Broaden Cantal ana (HC Canes Ste ermtin Paging Ctra Chane (C)| 3 Gomes Penetration Wa cntel Chana! (C4) 3 Fane. MEMS cone ar ett Conte Chae (OC) 3 Coe deeatd ptt past cota norton 5 Canmon ont Cannel 5 Girt common pam so-utipit contr iermatin Vefore it concn erie “Tac Lagcl Channels (forthe raster of User Pan informatio) * Dedetd ae Chanel (TC) rene pon dete afi chanel 1 Mata Troe Cannel OCH) aint cane for MBS ‘Transport Chanel How detent ype ofiformation are ranaered over thea ntrace ronda Chane! (8H, Fd pre dete rater arn + ure betreadet thet coverages ofc oval Shared Channel (OL SH + Supporter bath dyads sta reapercellosinn + Sipportor UE scontionas ception (ORK) nble UE power sing {Sam power contol (Soper on the ps! ye) Paging Chant (C1 “Supporter UE scntinous ecepson DRX} enable power sag 1 Heguremento be beandat nt ent verge ef ec + Mappedtopyscl resources which so ean be wsed day fr tafaber cata canoe act Channel (HGH)ina Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distbuton Fo TE Princes Pet 1 LTE A tere sonnet sor k wwe Uplink Physical Channels and Reference Signals Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) Pes UE Up Cr Iain fr art on yl Ul sel Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) Carve deaete nt on ingot co ko shard eee Sounding Reference Signals (SRS) Posts in caret ay tinaton a fe Demodulation Reference Signals (OM-RS) “Two Types of -UTRA/LTE Uplink Reference Signals + Demodulation reference signal Associated with transmission of PUSCH or PUCCH '~ Purpose: Channel estimation for Uplink coherent demodulation/detection ofthe Uplink control and data channels ~ Transmitted in ime/ frequency depending on the ryeleprefixtype neltype (PUSCH/PUCCHH, format, + Soundingreference signal “= Notassocated with transmission of PUSCH or PUCCH ~ Purpose: Uplink channel quality estimation fedbackt the Uplink scheduler (for Channel Dependent Scheduling) atthe eNode B ~ ‘Transmitted in ime/frequency depending on the SRS bandwidth and the SRS bandwidth configuration (some rules apply if theres overlap with PUSCH and PUCCH)For China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distrouton Terie Prt: LEA ian somes tes wwe Uplink Channelization Hierarchy No dedicated transport channels in LE Focus on “shared” transport channels. remot cntats tance ae SSS © © pester E-UTRA Uplink Channel Structure "78 36:321 setion 45, MAC specifications describes mapping logical channels to transport channel "7536212 section 4 describes mapping ansport channesto physical channels ‘Logical Channels: * Common Controt Channel (CCCH) ~ For Idle Mode (RRC IDLE) connection establishment eg cil st up, registration) ‘+ Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) ~ For Connected Mode (RRC. CONNECTED) signaling + Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) = For Connected Moe (RRC_CONNECTED) user data rate ‘Transport Channels: ‘+ Random Access Channel (RACH) ~ Uplinkrandom access + Uplink shared Channel (UL-SCH) ‘Signaling and traffic are multiplexed onto UL-SCH Physical Channels ‘+ Physical Bandom Access Channel (PACH) + Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCHI) ~ Forcarrying physical contol afrmatien Uplink contra information (UCI fPUSCH isnot fonfigured Le ot + Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) = For carrying dedicated contrel/raficas well as Uplink Control laformation (UCI)re Prnle Pat TEA For China Mobie Training Only, 2014, Not fr Distribution = wwe Section 4 Operations & ProceduresTe rls: LEA ra Fc Ghina Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Dieribution wwe Section Objectives + Describe how the mobile device acquires E-UTRA * Describe information sent on Broadcast channel + Beplain LTE operation onthe Downlink. *+ Explain LTE operation on the Uplink + Understand the various Downlink transmission imodes in TE, notesFor China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution Te Prices et 1: TEA rae wn Revd wwe Initial Acquisition WDM ond ees two Sycironsaion Spa 4 + miary Scena Signal 5) s + Secendary Smcrenzation Sigal 55) + Pi (for Master nromaton lock MB) + FOSH for Sytem ntaation Black) o “To support cll search over scalable transmission bandwidths, the minimum mandated UE Dandwadth reception capabity 1 20 M2. Initial Acquisition ELUTRA supports scalable bandwidths fom 1.4 MH2to 20 MHz This means thatthe terminal needs to acquire timingand carier frequency parameters in short period oftime and with ow complexity, without knowing the overall transmission bandwidth ofa cell This isachieved using hierarchical cll earch, simlarto that used in WCDMA: + Time and Frequency acquisition as well as Physical Layer cell1D determination are performed using the Primary and Secondary Synchronization channels. To support the overall bandwidth transmission variation itis desirableto have synchronization channels common toall systems, with different permitted transmission bandwidths *+ Downlink PSs & $SSare transmitted using the center ofthe 1.08 Miz bandwidth (6 Resource Blocks or 72 subcarriers), regardless ofthe overall system bandwith ofthe cll, Relevant system information including the overall transmission bandwidth, SEN, power control, ‘and/or mobility parameters sent on BCH/PBCH and DL-SCH/PDSCH,For China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution LT rcs at LEA rian sa ya0det Revs wwe Initial Acquistion Procedure Ur rae tn eri hd seem aera maa ene ra — Sea 8 Ue acquires Secondary Syneroiztion Signal and obtains Ce grap 1 out 168) UE eae enti tem norman Bes ccoretercaa “b Initia Frequency and-Timing Acquisition Based on Synchronization Signals + Same bandwidth (6 RBs) irrespective of system bandvideh ‘Two-Step Procedure, asin WCDMA + Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) = Coarse frequency synchronization ~ OFDM symbol, sot, subframe timing ~ dex tellin cel group 1D + Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) ~ Halfradio frame, raio-rame timing = cel tD group = FDD/TDDearly detection No antenna information on the Synchronlzation Signals + Antenna configuration conveyed in BCH by different CRC masks Coll search complete when PBCH CRCpasses + BH also spans 1.08 miteFor China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Di TE Prins at 1: TEA rae eae wwe System Information Blocks (SIBs) Causing ey tin Ta fot sort nen sey renege en nce ‘System Information Blocks on DL:-ScHL LTE Release 8 defines 11 system information blocks (SIBs), which are sent onthe Dowlink shared channel Thsslide describes the first eight SIBs defined; the remainingthree SIBs are: + SIB9 contains a home eNB identifier (HNBID). + SIB10 contains an ETWS primary notification. + SIB11 contains an ETWS secondary notification.creeps ree ure fein Motil 014, Not for Distibuon a wus Downlink Operation Highlights + Shared chanel Operation + Chant Dependent Schedting (05) "Rees home dutty mato (Cet ene UL ees recog an Rk ration Son he UL for MO + Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) "hes orig the UE aa alloated ences ~ egies iri the UE abut Nedation od Cag Scher MS). = 956 1-aMn eF GHA ddan + Hyori aRe mana) ois Speers ACNE + Multiple Antenna Tansmision modes ~ mde rat ple Op no) maces Sine tons coe antFor China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution LTE Pins Part LEAN ro sownnit ters wwe PDSCH Multiple Transmission Modes PDSCH transmission mode i signaled using siffrent OCI types over POCCH. se Sage mira ee ee sce gem ay een ee vo ag ee eee snot sor ty poe sn Secor _PDSCH Multiple Transmission Modes AVE not configured to receive PDSCH data transmissions based on one ofthe transmission modes ‘may receive POSCH data transmissions with DC format 18 signalled by a PDCCH in its UE specific search spaces or the common search spaces. [Mult-sntonns transmission with 2 and 4 transmit antennas fs supported ‘The maximum numberof code words is two, respective of the amber of antennas with fixed ‘mapping between code words tolayers. Spatial Division Multiploxing (SDM) of mukiple modulation symbol streams toa single UE using the same time frequency resource, referred to as Single-User MIMO (SU-MIMO) is supported. When a [MIMO channel is solely assigned toa single UE, tis known as SU-MIMO. Spatial Division Multiplexing of modulation symbol streams to different UES using the same time Frequency resource, referredto ae MU-IMIMO, is also supported, There issemi-satic switching between SU-MIMO snd MU-MIMO per UE.ina Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Ditrbution wus Downlink Scheduled Operation Overview 1. Ueeprs arty nn, P ieee ces a ® - 4 2 Shmdler tote 8 nancy alecates - jo “UE reads PORCH every subframe to St ea rte se _ Basic Scheduler Operatlon ‘+ MACineNB includes a dynamic resource scheduler thatllocates physical layer resourcesfor the Dl ScHand UL-SCH transportchannel, + iflerent schedulers operat on DL-SCH and UL-SCH. + "Thesthedulertakesinto account the tralie volume and the QoS requirements each UE nd {ssocated radio bearers when sharing resources between UES + DL scheduleralso assigns resources. taking into account the rao condtonsasidentifed by the UE through reported measurements + Radio resource allocations canbe ald for one or multiple Ts. + Resource assignment consists of physical resource blocks (PRB) and MCS. ~ Allocations for time periods longer than ane TTI might also require adlitonsl information [allocation ume allocation repetition facta, tc). *+ Inthe Downlink, £-UTRAN can dynarlally allocate resources (PRs and MCS) to UEsat each TT via theCANT op 1/12 contol channel(s) + AUE always monitors L1/L2 control channels inorder to ind posible allocation when ts Downlink reception s enabled (activity governed by DRX). + Inadkdtion, BUTRAN can allocate persistent Downlink resources for he frst ARQ transmissions to Ues When required, retransmissions are expt signaled via the 1/12 contra channel(s) + Inthesubframes where the UE has persistent resoucesfthe UE cannot findits-RNTL onthe {11/L2contol channel(s). a Downlink ransnsson secording tothe persistent allocation that he UE adbeen assigned inthe FT assumed. + Others, in the subfemes where the UE as persistent resources ifthe UEinds its RN on the L1/L2conial channel(s) the 4/2 contol clannel allocation overrides the persistent allocation for that Ti and the UE doesnot decode the persistent resources,For China Mobio Training Only, 2014, Not for Dicributon re inlet LEA teri soyaoset Rev wus CQI/PMI/RI Reporting Overview ; Reporting on PUSCH | ~tpeide and perdi reponts = web Cyt pr = Ueeteted rnd CO (Pay = Higher lye config ub band CO! Wo, Sl. 2S freauncy selective nan selective cheng img Reporting on PUCCH ere reports = Wideband Cl Se) ~ uesetected suand CO Se Pa) = Frequeny slate nonselective scheaing AperodlcCQ1/PMI/RI reporting is defined by the following characteristics: *+ Reports scheduled by the eNB via the POCCH and tansmted together with Uplink data on PUSH ‘+ rom he requncy span perspective, these eprts canbe: ~ Frequency selective UE-seleced subband COnd higher lye configured subband CQL ~ Frequenynow-seective Wideband CQ parts Period CQN/PMI/Rt reporting is defined by the following characteristics + evict reporeare seat on PUCCH + rom he requency span perspective, these reports an be ~ Frequency selective: UE selected sub-tand CQL ~ Frequency non-slectve: Wideband CO reports. Note that both epes of reports (erode over PUCCH and Apeielc over PUSCH) enable fen Frequency Diverse Schduling (FDS) and Frequency Selective Scheduling (FSS) Frequencydiverse (nonselective) scheduling (FDS) “+ Scheduling strategy for locating user the subcarirs widely scattered aver an entire frequency band + Requires subsband CQ reporting Frequencyselectve scheduling (FSS *+ Scheduling statgy for aloatinga use the subcarers consecutively locate within sub and of Inte bandh hich ithe most vara othe wrersmong many subbands the entire Frequency bd + Requires Wideband CQ reportingFr China Motio Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution rence: ovate ters wud E-UTRA Uplink Operation Highlights + Shared Channel Operation ~ Dedcated logical channels are mapped eto shard transpose + Unk Adptation (25, Chanel Dependent cheung) = Adaptive Modulation and Channel Cade Rate (ANC) + ULPower Control, “tal poe ata he rw ect sy th Upik + ULTiming Control ~njective to congensate fox propagation delay an ts tne alin the {tanamsons fom eeree LES sine reeset oF te ek, + Random Access procedures + Hybrid aRQ procedures E-UTRA UL Operation Mighights Uplink tinkadapttion s used to guarantee the required minimum transmission performance ofeach UE ‘haste user data rate packet error rate, and inten), while maxing system through ‘Thre typesoflink adaptation are performed according to: + Channel conditions + UE capability (maximum transmission power, maximum transmission bandwith, te) + Required Qo (ata rte latency, packet eror at, et.) ‘The three ink adaptation methods are: + Adaptive transmission bandwiddh + Transmission power control + Adaptive modulation and channeleoding rate Uplink Power contro! Intracol power control: the power spectral density ofthe Uplink transmissions can be influenced by the Node Uplink timing controt + Thetiming vance isderved from tho UL received timing and sentby the eNode B tothe UE. The UE tsesthisto advance or dla ts tmings of tansmssion tothe eNode Bo compensate for Propagation delay. This ime-aigs the transmissions from diferent UES withthe receiver window of freeNode + Thetiming advance command ison an as-needed basi, witha granularity inthe stepsize of 0.52 ws.For China Mobile Training Only, 2014, Not for Distribution TE icles ar: TEA era otet tev k wus Uplink Scheduled Operation - Link Adaptation “oe 11. UE sends SR (Scheduling Request ~ part of paren ents al Stent aa ae ® = ‘Simi oot cog. = / 2. Soto 8 ites 1. Geant azsigned to UE on POCCH — 2. Assigned resources (A and MCS) a8 Communicated 1 6 UE. = 4 toe 8 decodes the Unk dats instr (Don POCE ana Senes act -reticot t ‘jason PC [EUTRA Uplink Scheduled Operation “The folowing information strane bythe Dewi Control Information (DI) format O on FDCEH for ‘Sheuling PUSCHE ago formatformattA differentiation + Hopping fag 1 Resoure block assignment and hopping resource allocation Modulation and cain scheme and edandany version + New baa Ineator ND} 1 TeCcommand for scheduled PUSCI + Gyciesiefor dM RS + Qlzequest=1 bit ‘The detls bout gant value and its relationship to PUSCH power canbe found in TS 36.213 851.11. ‘The UEACK/NAK procedure is described in 36213 583. ew Data ndator (NDI canbe found nthe Downlink Conte nfrmation (DCT format O on PDCCH along ‘th he Uplink seeding asset ARQ ACK/NAKG are sent onthe Downlink HICH, Retransmission sal be needed ithe NDI has not ‘hanged oF FPDCCH snot deteced Uplink scheduling at he eNode Bis hasd on: + Serving Cll Uplink Noise Rise (Rise-ver-Temal) * Overload Inetors rom ater eNode Bs + UESehedling Requests (SR) LUE Baler Status Report (BSR) Ub Rower Headroom Report(PHR) + Ueepabiites