GROUP PROJECT REPORT

PROJECT TITLE: DESIGNING AND ANALYSIS BEAMS OF 2-STOREY BUILDING HOUSE

COURSE CODE : BFC34702

COURSE NAME : STRUCTURAL DESIGN

FACULTY : CIVIL ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT (FKAAB)

1 ELIJAH LAU JIA LI (DF190145)

2 KHAIRUL ANAM ATHOILLAH BIN AHMAD HATTA (DF190118)

STUDENT NAME 3 MUHAMMAD FADHLI BIN MOHD YUSOF (DF190129)

4 NIK NUR KARIMAH BINTI ZAMERI (DF190099)

5 SYAKIRA HANNAN BINTI SUHAIMI (DF190083)

GROUP NAME : AROMATIC (GROUP 5)

SECTION :3

SEMESTER/SESSION : 2 2020/2021

LECTURER NAME : DR. GOH WAN INN

MARKS
 Table of Content

NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2 STANDARD EUROCODE THAT HAS BEEN USED 2–8

BUILDING LAYOUT PLAN

3. a) ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING 9 – 10
b) PROPOSED STRUCTURAL DRAWING 11 – 13

4. REQUIREMENT CALCULATION 14

5. MANUAL CALCULATION OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM 15 – 54

6. MANUAL CALCULATION OF CONTINUOUS BEAM 55 – 165

7. SUMMARY OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM 166

8. SUMMARY OF CONTINUOUS BEAM 167

9. AUTOCAD DETAILING OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM 168 – 170

10. AUTOCAD DETAILING OF CONTINUOUS BEAM 171 – 175

11. CONCLUSION 176

12. REFERENCES 176

13. APPENDICES i–v

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Structural design can be described as a set of methods or tools that are used to determine
safe and economical specifications for a structure, and to ensure that a planned structure will
be sufficiently strong to carry its intended load. Structural engineers conduct a structural
analysis to determine what internal and external forces could affect the structure, then design a
structure with the appropriate materials and reinforcements to satisfy the requirements.
Structural design also will determine how the building look, how long the building can
withstand the environment around it, how long the building can last before it collapses and
others. This is the reason why structural design was very important and engineers need to know
and have knowledge about it as a good structural design can increase the design life of the
building and prevent many people especially the occupants of the building from dying.

For our structural design project for this semester, each of our group members need to
analyse and also design the first floor and ground floor beams for a 2-storey building house.
There are two types of beam that need to be analysis and design which are simply supported
beam and continuous beam. We have decided that design working life category for our 2-storey
building is 4 which means the indicative design working life is 50 years. For concrete, we have
decided to use concrete grade 25 or also known as C25 where the concrete strength used, fck =
25 N/mm2.
Meanwhile, we also decided to use strength, fyk = 500 N/mm2 for both strength of steel
and strength of link. Since Malaysia’s environment conditions are dry and wet, the exposure
class or class designation for our 2-storey building house is XC1, means that corrosion induced
by carbonation. This corrosion situation may occur to the building when the concrete inside
the buildings with moderate or high air humidity. To make sure that our 2-storey building house
can last longer and delayed the spread of fire throughout the building during the fire, we have
decided to use R90 as our building’s standard of fire resistance. The reason why we chose R90
as we wanted to create a house that is very durable to fire due to the hot weather in Malaysia
that can easily cause fire to strut which may lead to short circuit and house burning occurrence.
The R90 advantages including resistance to fire without burning, melting, or producing toxic
gases. Furthermore, R90 also have ability to act as a fire barrier, reducing the spread of fire to
neighboring spaces or buildings, and also can act as an insulator that reducing transfer of heat
to adjacent spaces.

1
2.0 STANDARD EUROCODE THAT HAS BEEN USED

1) Table 4.4 is used to determine the minimum cover for the reinforcement steel of the project,
while Table 4.5 for pre-stressing steel.

2
2) Table 4.1 is used to determine exposure classes based on building conditions. The
weather in the vicinity of the building must be taken into account.

3
3) Table 3.15 has been used to calculate 𝐵𝑣𝑦 and 𝐵𝑣𝑥 values from different slab cases,
whether continuous or discontinuous. To calculate 𝐵𝑣𝑥 value, divide the length of both
sides by using the formula of Ly/Lx. There is no need to find 𝐵𝑣𝑦 and 𝐵𝑣𝑥 values from
this table for one-way slabs because they can be assumed to be 0.5 for both items (𝐵𝑣𝑦
and 𝐵𝑣𝑥 ).

4
4) Table 3.1 can be used to determine the 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑘 and 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 from the selected concrete strength.

5) Table 3.5 is used to simplify the design of ultimate bending moments and shear forces for
the outer support, near the middle of the end span, first interior support, middle interior
support, and interior supports.

5
6) For Table 5.5, 𝑏𝑚𝑖𝑛 and web thickness, 𝑏𝑤 are determined for simply supported beam
based on the selected fire resistance.

6
7) For Table 5.6, 𝑏𝑚𝑖𝑛 and web thickness, 𝑏𝑤 are determined for continuous beam based on
the selected fire resistance.

7
8) Table 6.2 shows how to determine the variable load, 𝑞𝑘 and 𝑄𝑘 for various slab types.

9) Figure 5.2 is used to calculate the effective flange width for a continuous beam, whereas
𝑙𝑜 is taken from the actual length for a simply supported beam.

8
3.0 BUILDING LAYOUT PLAN

3.1 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING

Figure 3.1.1: Ground Floor Plan

9
Figure 3.1.2: Second Floor Plan

10
3.2 PROPOSED STRUCTURAL DRAWING

Figure 3.2.1: Ground Floor Plan

11
Figure 3.2.2: First Floor Plan

12
Figure 3.2.3: Roof Plan

13
4.0 REQUIREMENT CALCULATION:

Design life = 50 years

Fire resistance = R90
Exposure = XC1
Unit weight concrete = 25 kN/m2
Weight of brickwall = 2.6 kN/m2
Finishes, ceiling & services = 1.5 kN/m2
Variable action = 3.0 kN/m2
Slab thickness = 150 mm
Brickwall height = 3 m

Fck = 25 N/mm2

Fyk = 500 N/mm2

Diameter tension bar = 25 mm

Diameter compression bar = 16 mm
Diameter link = 8 mm

14
5.0 MANUAL CALCULATION OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

NO. FLOOR BEAM DESIGNER NAME PAGE NO.

1. FIRST FLOOR 3/B–C ELIJAH LAU JIA LI 16 – 23

2. FIRST FLOOR 1/B–C SYAKIRA HANNAN 24 – 31

3. FIRST FLOOR B2 / 4 – 5 MUHAMMAD FADHLI 32 – 39

4. FIRST FLOOR B1 / 5 – 6 NIK NUR KARIMAH 40 – 47

5. GROUND FLOOR 7/B–D KHAIRUL ANAM 48 – 54

15
1) FIRST FLOOR (BEAM 3 / B – C)

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1)

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DESIGNED BY: ELIJAH LAU JIA LI

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2) FIRST FLOOR (BEAM 1 / B – C)

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DESIGNED BY: SYAKIRA HANNAN

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3) FIRST FLOOR (BEAM 2 / 4 – 5)

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DESIGNED BY: MUHAMMAD FADHLI

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4) FIRST FLOOR (BEAM 1 / 5 – 6)

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DESIGNED BY: NIK NUR KARIMAH

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5) GROUND FLOOR (BEAM 7 / B – D)

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DESIGNED BY: KHAIRUL ANAM

54
 6.0 MANUAL CALCULATION OF CONTINUOUS BEAM

NO. FLOOR BEAM DESIGNER NAME PAGE NO.

1. FIRST FLOOR 4/A–D ELIJAH LAU JIA LI 56 – 78

2. GROUND FLOOR 2/A–D SYAKIRA HANNAN 79 – 100

3. GROUND FLOOR 6/A–D MUHAMMAD FADHLI 101 – 121

4. GROUND FLOOR 5/A–D NIK NUR KARIMAH 122 – 144

5. GROUND FLOOR D/2–7 KHAIRUL ANAM 145 – 165

55
1) FIRST FLOOR (BEAM 3 / B – C)

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DESIGNED BY: ELIJAH LAU JIA LI

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2) GROUND FLOOR (BEAM 2 / A – D)

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K

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DESIGNED BY: SYAKIRA HANNAN

100
2) GROUND FLOOR (BEAM 2 / A – D)

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DESIGNED BY: MUHAMMAD FADHLI 121
4) GROUND FLOOR (BEAM 5 / A – D)

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bgfvr4sx

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DESIGNED BY: NIK NUR KARIMAH
144
5) GROUND FLOOR (BEAM D / 2 – 7)

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DESIGNED BY: KHAIRUL ANAM
165
 7.0 SUMMARY OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

MAIN SHEAR LINK

NO. BEAM SIZE
REINFORCEMENT REINFORCEMENT

1. 3/B–C 250 x 450 8H10 H6 – 250

2. 1/B–C 250 x 450 5H10 H6 – 225

3. B2 / 4 – 5 250 x 500 6H275 H6 – 2000

4. B1 / 5 – 6 150 x 250 6H225 H6 – 100

5. 7/B–D 190 x 470 5H275 H5 – 260

166
 8.0 SUMMARY OF CONTINUOUS BEAM

MAIN
NO. BEAM SIZE SHEAR LINK REINFORCEMENT
REINFORCEMENT

 Span A – B: 7H10  Span A – B:

 Support B: 3H8 (C) H4 – 75 & H2 – 50
& 8H10 (T)  Span B – B2:
 Span B – B2: 7H10 H6 – 125, H2 – 50 & H2 – 75
1. 4/A–D 150 x 300
 Support B2: 7H10  Span B2 – C:
 Span B2 – C: 7H10 H4 – 150, H2 – 50 & H2 – 75
 Support C: 7H10  Span C – D:
 Span C – D: 7H10 H2 – 75 & H2 – 50

 Span A – B:
 Span A – B: 3H10
H6 – 175 & H8 – 200
 Support B: 2H16
 Span B – C:
2. 2/A–D 250 x 400  Span B – C: 5H8
H8 – 200 & H8 – 225
 Support C: 6H8
 Span C – D:
 Span C – D: 4H8 H6 – 200, H8 – 200 & H2 – 200

 Span A – B:
 Span A – B: 2H25
H4 – 300, H5 – 125 & H4 – 200
 Support B: 2H25
 Span B – C:
3. 6/A–D 250 x 500  Span B – C: 2H25
H5 – 250, H5 – 125 & H4 – 200
 Support C: 2H25
 Span C – D:
 Span C – D: 2H25 H5 – 225, H5 – 125 & H2 – 175

 Span A – B:
 Span A – B: 7H8
H4 – 125, H5 – 125 & H5 – 100
 Support B: 7H8
 Span B – C:
4. 5/A–D 250 x 400  Span B – C: 7H8
H5 – 100, H5 – 125 & H4 – 125
 Support C: 7H8
 Span C – D:
 Span C – D: 7H8 H5 – 100, H5 – 125 & H2 – 175

 Span 2 – 4: 2H25  Span 2 – 4:

H4 – 500, H6 – 200 & H3 – 525
 Support 4: 2H25
 Span 4 – 5:
 Span 4 – 5: 2H25
H3 – 450, H6 – 200 & H2 – 500
5. D/2–7 350 x 800  Support 5: 2H25
 Span 5 – 6:
 Span 5 – 6: 2H25
H1 – 480, H6 – 200 & H2 – 500
 Support 6: 2H25
 Span 6 – 7:
 Span 6 – 7: 2H25 H3 – 550, H6 – 200 & H1 – 400

167
9.0 AUTOCAD DETAILING OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

168
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10.0 AUTOCAD DETAILING OF CONTINUOUS BEAM

171
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11.0 CONCLUSION

The aim of this project was to design different structural members of a 2-storey building
house which is made of reinforced concrete. The cross sectional sizes and reinforcement of
structural members were chosen according to manual calculations. There are 5 simply
supported beams and 5 continuous beams with different dimensions obtained from the manual
calculation. The AutoCAD was used to present the reinforcement details of the designed
structural members.

In conclusion, reinforcement for concrete is important as it provide additional strength

for concrete where it is needed. Reinforcement within concrete creates a composite material,
with the concrete providing strength against compressive stress while the reinforcement
provides strength against tensile stress. The steel provides all the tensile strength where
concrete is in tension, as in beams and slabs. It supplements the compressive strength of
concrete in columns and walls and also provide extra shear strength over and above that of
concrete in beams.

12.0 REFERENCES

1) T. (2018b, September 28). What is Structural Design in Civil Engineering? - eSUB. ESUB
Construction Software. Retrieved June 20, 2021, from: https://esub.com/blog/what-is-
structural-design-in-civil-engineering/
2) British-Adopted European Standard. (2021). BS EN 1992–1-1:2004: Eurocode 2. Design
of Concrete Structures. General Rules and Rules for Buildings. British-Adopted European
Standard.
3) British-Adopted European Standard. (2021). BS EN 1992–1-2:2004: Eurocode 2. Design
of Concrete Structures. General Rules – Structural Fire Design. British-Adopted European
Standard.
4) British-Adopted European Standard. (2021). BS EN 1990:2002: Eurocode. Basis of
Structural Design. British-Adopted European Standard.

5) BLOG AT WORDPRESS.COM. (2015, January 11). Results and Conclusions. Structural

Analysis and Design of a Reinforced Concrete High Rise Building. United Arab Emirates
University – Civil Engineering. Retrieved June 20, 2021, from:
https://civiluaeu.wordpress.com/conclusionsand-recommendations/
6) Hillhouse, G. (2019, March 9). Why Does Concrete Need Reinforcement? Practical
Engineering. Retrieved June 20, 2021, from:
https://practical.engineering/blog/2018/8/1/why-does-concrete-need-reinforcement
176
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN PROJECT – MINUTES OF MEETING WEEK 1

Date: 15 May 2021 Time: 9.30 pm Place: Via WhatsApp Group

Members Present:
1. Elijah Lau Jia Li (DF190145)
2. Khairul Anam Athoillah bin Ahmad Hatta (DF190118)
3. Muhammad Fadhli bin Mohd Yusof (DF190129)
4. Nik Nur Karimah binti Zameri (DF190099)
5. Syakira Hannan binti Suhaimi (DF190083)
Members Apologies (Absent): None

No. Subject Action By

Chairperson greeted all members for participating in the meeting. We are

having some briefing of the project and discussing the name of the group.
1.0 All members
We also start to find architectural drawing of 2-storey house building
from the internet.
The chairperson briefing about the project before asking each members
if they got any problem about the instruction given. We decided to choose
Aromatic as our group name. Then, we also chose the architectural
2.0 All members
drawing (Figure 3.1.1 and Figure 3.1.2) and starting to propose the
structural drawing of the layout plan (Figure 3.2.1, Figure 3.2.2 and
Figure 3.2.3).
The chairperson thanking all the members for their cooperation and time.
3.0 Elijah Lau Jia Li
Then, adjourns the meeting until further notification.

Prepared by: Approved by:

….……………………………… ....……………………………
(Syakira Hannan binti Suhaimi) (Elijah Lau Jia Li)

i
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN PROJECT – MINUTES OF MEETING WEEK 2

Date: 3 June 2021 Time: 12.30 pm

Place: Via Google Meet, Telegram & Whatsapp Group
Members Present:
1. Elijah Lau Jia Li (DF190145)
2. Khairul Anam Athoillah bin Ahmad Hatta (DF190118)
3. Muhammad Fadhli bin Mohd Yusof (DF190129)
4. Nik Nur Karimah binti Zameri (DF190099)
5. Syakira Hannan binti Suhaimi (DF190083)

Members Apologies (Absent): None

No. Subject Action By

All of the group members having discussion with our structural design
lecturer, Dr. Goh Wan Inn through Google Meet regarding our proposed
1.0 structural drawing based on our chosen architectural drawing. There are All members
some mistakes in our proposed structural drawing which is insufficient
of simply supported beam.
Our group member then repaired the proposed structural drawing and
show again to Dr. Goh through telegram chat for checking and got an
2.0 approval. We also listed down the 5 simply supported beams and 5 All members
continuous beams that we already chose to Dr. Goh. We got approval
from Dr. Goh regarding the drawing and beams chosen.
The chairperson thanking all the members for their cooperation and time
He also ask all of us to proceed and doing the work distribution for project
3.0 Elijah Lau Jia Li
report and selected beams for manual calculation. Then, adjourns the
meeting until further notification.

Prepared by: Approved by:

….……………………………… ....……………………………
(Syakira Hannan binti Suhaimi) (Elijah Lau Jia Li)

ii
Figure 1 & 2: Dr. Goh approval for our proposed structural drawing and selected
beams via Telegram

Figure 3 & 4: Work load distribution and beams selected among group members

iii
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN PROJECT – MINUTES OF MEETING WEEK 3

Date: 10 June 2021 Time: 9.30 pm Place: Via WhatsApp Group & Google Meet
Members Present:
1. Elijah Lau Jia Li (DF190145)
2. Khairul Anam Athoillah bin Ahmad Hatta (DF190118)
3. Muhammad Fadhli bin Mohd Yusof (DF190129)
4. Nik Nur Karimah binti Zameri (DF190099)
5. Syakira Hannan binti Suhaimi (DF190083)
Members Apologies (Absent): None

No. Subject Action By

Chairperson greeted all members for participating in the meeting. We are

having some discussing about the requirement calculation and manual
1.0 All members
calculation steps. We also doing manual calculation together for both
simply supported beams and continuous beams.
We then listed down all the requirement calculation needed and manual
calculation steps for both simply supported and continuous beams. Then,
2.0 All members
we proceed doing the manual calculation together for our own selected
beams.
The chairperson thanking all the members for their cooperation and time.
3.0 Elijah Lau Jia Li
Then, adjourns the meeting until further notification.

Prepared by: Approved by:

….……………………………… ....……………………………
(Syakira Hannan binti Suhaimi) (Elijah Lau Jia Li)

iv
Figure 5, 6 & 7: Discussion about requirement calculation and doing manual calculation
together via Google Meet