Retirement

Happiness
Loneliness.
What do
you think of
retirement?
What we learn
from class
 The Impact of
Retirement on
Happiness and
Loneliness in
Poland
Introduction
Relation &
Differrence
Methodology
Data
the Social Diagnosis survey conducted in Poland
between 2000 and 2015.
However the authors focused on respondents aged
55-69 who transitioned to retirement during the last
5 periods of the survey and excluded data from the
first three periods. Their final sample consisted of
1,503 observations collected across all five periods.

Methodology
Variable
dependent variables
model 1: happiness
happiness as dimension of subjective quality of
life by asking “All in all, how would you assess
your life in recent times would you say you are . .
. ”, from 4 = very happy, 3= rather happy, 2=
rather unhappy, and 1= very unhappy.
model 2: loneliness
The loneliness variable by asking “Do you feel
lonely even though you do not want to?” from 1 =
yes , 0 = no

Methodology
control variables
The authors included a set of explanatory variables in their models
to answer their research questions, which covered the basic socio-
demographic and economic characteristics of the respondents, as
well as their retirement status.
The authors included these following variables into the basic
models.
sex (ref. men)
age (continuous)
place of residence (ref. urban area)
presence of disability (ref. without disability)
partnership status (ref. without a spouse/partner)
living arrangements (ref. living alone)
educational level (ref. primary and lower)
employment status (ref. not in employment)
satisfaction with the financial situation of one’s family
(continuous)
satisfaction with one’s health status (continuous)

Methodology
Model
Authors estimated a fixed-effects
ordered logit model for first model
and fixed-effects logit model
for second model

Methodology
Main Finding
Summary
 Thank You
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