1. Peter is obliged to deliver an Apple iPhone to Jack. Identify the elements of an obligation in this case.

Explain.

- Real Obligation, because Peter is obliged to deliver a thing.

2. Enumerate and define the sources of an obligation.

- Law - when they are imposed by law itself.

Contracts - when they arise from the stipulation of the parties.

Quasi-Contracts – is a Juridical relations resulting from lawful, voluntary and unilateral acts by virtue of
which parties become bound to each other to the end that no one will be unjustly enriched at the
expense of another.

Quasi-Delicts – when they arise from civil liability which is the consequence of a criminal offense.

3. Peter is a driver of a passenger jeepney. One day when Peter was driving the jeepney, his cellular
phone rang. Peter answered the call and because of this he lost control of the jeepney causing an
accident injuring his passengers. Is Peter liable for damages in favor of his injured passengers? Why? In
case Peter is not able to pay damages to his injured passengers, may the passengers demand payment
of damages from owner-operator of the jeepney? Why?

- Yes, Peter is liable for damages, and because he have no cash to pay the passengers injury the owner-
operator is liable too because he is the one who own the jeep.

4. Peter promised to deliver a 2-year-old female chocolate brown Labrador retriever to Jack. The 2-year-
old female chocolate brown Labrador retriever was lost due to fortuitous event. Is Peter still liable?
Explain.

- It depends if the chocolate brown Labrador retriever is determinate Peter is liable, but if the chocolate
brown Labrador retriever is indeterminate he can just give a girl a new chocolate brown Labrador
retriever.

5. Jack is obliged to wash the car of Peter on July 1, 2018. On July 1, 2018, Peter reminds Jack of his
obligation to wash the car. Jack changed his mind and does not want to wash the car of Peter. May Jack
be compelled to wash the car of Peter? Why?

- Yes, because Peter is the one who obliged to wash Jacks car.

6. Jack is obliged to pay 5Million pesos to Peter. On due date Peter demanded payment from Jack but
Jack failed to pay. What are the remedies of Peter so that payment can be made? Explain each remedy
fully.

- Civil Liability of Restitution and indemnification, Restitution because Jack is obliged to give back the 5
Million Pesos to Peter, and Indemnification because he needs to pay.
7. When is an obligation demandable at once?

- The obligation arise from the Law itself.

8. Peter promised to give PhP10,000.00 to Jack if Peter goes to Boracay. When is Peter’s obligation
demandable? Explain.

- Peter’s obligation demandable is when he goes to Boracay, and that’s Natural obligation because Peter
may forgot to give Jack a 10k when Peter goes to Boracay.

9. Peter promised to give a car to Jack until Jack passes Business Law 1. When is the obligation
demandable? Explain.

- Peter’s obligation demandable is when he pass the Business Law 1, and that’s Natural obligation
because Peter may forgot to give Jack a car when Peter pass the Business Law 1.

10. Enumerate and define the kinds of obligations according to object.

- Civil obligation, Natural Obligation, Moral obligation

11. For whose benefit is the period in an obligation? Give the general rule and the exceptions to the
general rule.

- When a time frame for performing out or fulfilling an obligation has been agreed upon, it is assumed
that it was set up to benefit both the creditor and the debtor. The exceptions is when a choice or action
is done based on false information, insufficient information, or a mistake of material fact.

12. In an alternative obligation, who has the right of choice? Give the general rule and its exception.

- Unless specifically granted to the creditor, the debtor has the right of choice. An alternate obligation is
one that has many due dates but only one of them is properly defined by the debtor's decision, which is
typically the case.

13. Illustrate by way of example the concepts of culpa aquilaina and culpa contractual.

- In Culpa Aquiliana, culpa is substantive and autonomous, and it by itself serves as the basis for an
obligation between parties who were not previously bound by any kind of legal connection. While in
Culpa Contractual, culpa is seen as an accident while carrying out an already-existing obligation.

14. Explain the Doctrine of Proximate Cause.

- Proximate cause has been described as that which causes harm in a natural and continuous sequence,
unbroken by any efficient intermediate cause, and without which the consequence would not have
occurred.

15. When does the debtor incur delay? Give the general rule and its exceptions.
- The debtor incur delay is when there is a fortuitous event happened.

16. Distinguish mora solvendi from mora accipiendi from compensatio morae.

- Mora accipiendi, or the delay on the part of the creditor to accept the execution of the duty, is known
as the mora solvendi or the delay on the part of the debtor to complete his/her responsibility (to give or
to do), Compensatio morae, it is a delay of each party in reciprocal obligation.

17. Peter promised to deliver a car to Jose if Peter goes to Hongkong. Is the obligation valid or void?
Explain.

- The obligation is valid because they have a contracts that Peter promised to give a car to Jose if Peter
goes to Hongkong.