Metal Mecanica

METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE | CONTENTS } TABLE OF CONTENTS Page UNIT 1: Each line has a definite meaning Types of lines o1 Angles 05 Triangles 07 Quadrilaterals 09 Solids 10 Views of objects B Layout of view using reference arrow 1s UNIT 2 This too! can be used for cutting metals Describing tools 7 Types of metals 19 The production of iron 20 UNIT 3 Simples machines Lever, wheel and axle, pulley 24 Elements of joining for screw 26 Elements of joining for pipes 28 UNIT 4 Precision measuring instruments Vernier slide gauge and nonius 30 Use of vernier caliper gauge 31 Micrometer 32 Use of micrometer 33 UNITS This is a drilling machine Drilling machine 34 avoid drill damage 37 correct point angles 39 drilling 40 TECHNICAL ENGLISH ItMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE | CONTENTS. } The shaping machine 41 Identification of Machine Parts 2 Cutting edges a UNIT 6 The lathe 45 Lathe controls 46 Clamping of workpieces 47 Turning tools Milling 50 Typical milling cutters UNIT 7 Hot chamber diecasting 55 56 Plating processing 37 Press molding Plastic UNIT 8 Working with computers ‘Types of computers: 39 Common menu instructions 64 Autodesk inventor 65 Sketches tool and symbols 66 UNIT 9 Explanation of the keyboard B Table explanation of the keyboard 76 Disposition of Machine Components 78 Coordinate axes 78 Preparation for operation 1” Check by running the machine 80 Intelligent milling machine 82 Irregular verbs 83 UNIT 10 songs 88 TECHNICAL ENGLISH Ienol | METALMECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE | UNIT 1 EACH LINE HAS A DEFINITE MEANING CONVERSATION Luis Hello ! Paulo Cesar What are you doing ? P. Cesar: | am working @ new project Luis Anew project ! What about 7 P. Cesar: It's about a piece of a machine Look at the lines Each line has a definite meaning TYPES OF LINES section li visible edge: ‘short — break line hidden line. j thread line Auxiliary dimension tine center line dimension line TECHNICAL ENGLISH IMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE | UNIT 1 ) LINE DESCRIPTION GENERAL APPLICATIONS Continuous fine Visible outlines (thick) Visible edges Projection lines Continuous line Dimension lines (Thin) Imaginary lines of intersection Hatching ~~ | Continuous thin freehand —_| Limits of partial or interrupted A views and sections, if the limit is ,/\/~ | Continuous thin with zig zags |not a chain thin V ————__|Dashed thick Hidden outlines Hidden edges Dashed thin -—-— |Chain thin Center lines Lines of symmetry Trajectories [~~ — |Chain thin, thick at ends and | Cutting planes _ ed [changes of direction. ‘Chain thick Indication of lines or surfaces to |which a special requirement applies. ‘Chain thin double- dashed Outlines of adjacent parts Alternative and extreme positions of movable parts Centroidal lines Parts situated in front of the cutting plane. TECHNICAL ENGLISH ItMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE | UNIT 1 ) 1. This type of line is suited for production of drawings by machines. 2. Although two alternatives are available, it is recommended that on any one drawing, only one type of line be used. EXERCISES Look at the picture and write the correct types of lines TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE | UNIT 1 ) TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE AN se0% GLES . ( = px \ THAN oo \ a t ce OBTUSE ee er mete ANGLE, (a) (e) COMPLEMENT- SUPPLEMENT- RY ANGLES ARY ANGLES a) ig ‘An angle is formed by two intersecting lines. A common symbol for angle is < ( singular ) or 2% carbon} (copper + tin + zinc) i pewter NGRON + nickel) (75% lead + 25% tin (67% lead + 33% tin) lets Prackice Use the figure to complete the sentences For Example: «brass is an alloy whereas aluminium is a pure metal. + brass and pewter are non- ferrous alloys whereas steel is a ferrous alloy. 1. brass is an alloy ............4:..4. aluminium ... 2. steel has less than 2% of carbon ... 3. brass and bronze .... 4. zine. cast iron ... ... Copper alloys and ....... < ...an element . 8 DOME sacs sizins w . solder. whereas invar TECHNICAL ENGLISH IiMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 2 Iron oxides are found in two main ores. These are magnetite ( Fe O ) and haematite ( Fe O). They are usually mined in the form of rock. The ores are first processed by a crusher. The large pieces of rock are broken intc smaller pieces . Large unbroken pieces are removed by a filter. The ore is then ground into a fine powder. The powdered ore is mixed with coke dust and lime. (CaO). The mixture is then heated. This process causes it te form into small lumps. The charge is fed into the top of the furnace . Hot air is blown into the bottom of the furnace at great pressure. The coke is rapidly oxidized by this blast of air and very high temperatures are produced. The burn coke produces carbon monoxide ( CO ) gas. The iron oxide is reduce to pure iron by the hot gas. FeO + CO——* Fe+CO At the same time , the lime transforms the silica impurities into calcium silica slag. CaO + SiO ——-» CaSiO The iron and the slag both fall to the bottom of the fumace in liquid form. The slag is less dense than the iron and so it remains on the surface of the surface of the melted iron. The two liquid are removed separately. The slag is left to cool and then used to make cement, etc. The iron is either cast into long bars or it is taken in liquid form to another furnace and converted into steel. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 2 THE PRODUCTION OF IRON Iron became an important engineering material at a very early date . Simple furnaces were used for producing iron thousands of years ago . The modem blast furnace was invented around 1800. Early blast furnaces bumt coal or charcoal. Coal air was used for the blast. Nowadays, blast furnaces are much more efficient. The charge contains coke instead of coal, and hot air is used instead of coal air . A hundred years ago, the production of one tonne of iron required two or three tonnes of coke . Nowadays , only about half a tonne of coke is needed. Other types of modern furnaces , for example electric furnaces, use little or no coke at all. They burn gases or oils instead of coke. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 2 Iron oxides are found in two main ores. These are magnetite ( Fe O ) and haematite ( Fe O). They are usually mined in the form of rock. The ores are first processed by a crusher. The large pieces of rock are broken intc smaller pieces . Large unbroken pieces are removed by a filter. The ore is then ground into a fine powder. The powdered ore is mixed with coke dust and lime. (CaO). The mixture is then heated. This process causes it te form into small lumps. The charge is fed into the top of the furnace . Hot air is blown into the bottom of the furnace at great pressure. The coke is rapidly oxidized by this blast of air and very high temperatures are produced. The burn coke produces carbon monoxide ( CO ) gas. The iron oxide is reduce to pure iron by the hot gas. FeO + CO——* Fe+CO At the same time , the lime transforms the silica impurities into calcium silica slag. CaO + SiO ——-» CaSiO The iron and the slag both fall to the bottom of the fumace in liquid form. The slag is less dense than the iron and so it remains on the surface of the surface of the melted iron. The two liquid are removed separately. The slag is left to cool and then used to make cement, etc. The iron is either cast into long bars or it is taken in liquid form to another furnace and converted into steel. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 2 l.- Read these examples. First, make eight true sentences ( Type A ) from the table . Then transform each sentences into another ( Type B ) sentence. A. Accusher processes the ore B. The ore is processed by a crusher. Examples : 1. A crusher breaks the rock into smaller pieces 2. A filter converts large unbroken pieces 3. A hot blast of air melts the coke 4. Heated carbon monoxide | oxidizes iron into steel 5. The lime produces the iron and the slag 6, The heat of the furnace reduces ‘the iron oxide to pure iron. 7. A large blast furnaces removes 3000 tonnes of iron per day. 8. A separate furnaces transforms The silica impurities to calcium silica EEE eeeeeee ee es TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Let’y Practice A.- Answer these questions. 1. When was the modem blast furnace invented ? 2. What fuels were used in early blast furnaces ? 3. Why are blast furnaces more efficient nowadays ? B.- Complete each sentences with the correct form of one of the verbs in the wordlist. Coal or charcoal .. in early blast furnaces 4 2. Normally, iron ores ... in the form of rock 3. Large pieces of rock into smaller pieces in a crusher. 4. Theore ....... . into a fine powder 5. The charge . into the top of the furnace 6. Hot air .. ito the bottom of the furnace at great pressure. 7. The liquid slag .... sessusseese+ CO COO! into large blocks. 8. Sometimes the pure iron .. into long bars. 9. Sometimes, the iron .. steel, ee TECHNICAL ENGLISH I to another furnace and converted intoMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE SIMPLE MACHINES Lever : A length of rigid material use to exert pressure or sustain weight at ‘one point along its length by the application of force at a second point, and acting or turning at a third point called a fulcrum. Wheel and axle : A grooved wheel firmly attached to an axle , rotated by chain, rope, or cord Inclined plane : A sloping plane surfaces or ramp set at an oblique angle with the horizon. Pulley : A revolving wheel used to transmit power via a belt or rope which passes over the rim. Weage : A piece of hard material, rectangular in one side view and triangular in another, tapering to a thin, knife edge from a thicker back. Screw : A threaded cylinder used to apply pressure or transmit motion. let'y Practice The six principles or elements of machines are listed and defined in Part A. Apply these definitions by writing in part B the machine principles illustrated by the examples. Automobile Jack (1) Chisel cutting into wood (2 ) Grindstone ( 38 ) Scissors (5) (6) TECHNICAL ENGLISH IlMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 3 Ramp (7) Removing a bottle cad (8) Block and tackle for hoisting a sail (9) EXERCISES 2 C OMPREHENSION ( Short answer ) Identify the machine principles illustrated. 1 bee 7 2 3 4 5 8 TI. Vocabulary Write the English word from the second column next to its Spanish equivalent In the first column. 1. ejercer power 2. sostener , apoyar sustain 3. fuerza motriz force 4. presion pressure 5. peso weight 6. fuerza exert TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 3. —— SIZE 1S MEASURED —"OS ACROSS FLATS [A/F] HEXATCON WRENCH PHILUPS SCREW BOLT NOTE : When the nut is set on the screw, the screw becomes a bolt. NUTS They include wing nuts, hexagon- headed nuts and castellated nuts. Lock nuts are often used where vibration might loosen a single nut. A castle or slotted nut secured by a cotter pin is similarly used to prevent loosening by vibration. EXERCISES Answer the following question about yourself 1. How often do you go to the workshop ? 2. How often do you use screws’? — 3. What do you usually do when you are nervous ? TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 3, ELEMENTS OF JOINING FOR SCREW This is a broad term which includes: bolts , studs , set screws , thumb screw , Phillip screws etc. Usually these are used to secure two or more pieces together except where a bolt or screw is used as a hinge pin. BOLTS These are as shown. They always have a nut and usually a washer too. =“ - S ™ WASHER NOTE THAT THE FULL LENCTH OF A BOLT AG.I4 IS OFTEN NOT THREADED SCREW These have no nut. STUDS They have no head and no nut. They are sometimes used in place of bolts. Itis easier to replace a worn stud than to re- drill and tap a hole after the thread is worn or stripped. COUNTERSUNK HEAD SCREW HEXAGON HEAD SCREW CAP SCREW TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 3. —— SIZE 1S MEASURED —"OS ACROSS FLATS [A/F] HEXATCON WRENCH PHILUPS SCREW BOLT NOTE : When the nut is set on the screw, the screw becomes a bolt. NUTS They include wing nuts, hexagon- headed nuts and castellated nuts. Lock nuts are often used where vibration might loosen a single nut. A castle or slotted nut secured by a cotter pin is similarly used to prevent loosening by vibration. EXERCISES Answer the following question about yourself 1. How often do you go to the workshop ? 2. How often do you use screws’? — 3. What do you usually do when you are nervous ? TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIDevelopment METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Use the words in the boxes to complete the text. Refer to the diagrams: Many different kinds of joint are used to connect pipes together. Three types of fitting for small diameter pipes and three types for pipes with a larger diameter are shown in the diagrams below. However, these are not the only types of pipe joint. and one example of a special fitting is also shown in the bottom diagram. are pushed ispushed are screwed. ts soldered 1s screwed Small diameter pipes solder pipe connector Figure 11.4 @. Each pipe —__ ____ into the connector, the connector ___ ___ to ‘the pipes. (Fig. 11.4) nut nut ‘screwed coupling Pipe Figure 11.5 b. The pipes ___ ___ into the coupling; then the nuts _____ on. (Fig. 11.8) screwed coupling Poorer 3 Figure 11.6 c. Each pipe _______into the threaded coupling. (Fig. 11.6) ere clamped are bolted are screwed are welded are bolted arewelded are Large diameter pipes weld () d Pipe Figure 11.7 . The ends of the two pipes ____ together. (Fig. 11.7) nut bott TECHNICAL ENGLISH IMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE flange Pipe weld Figure 11.9 {. The flanges ___. Then ____. (Fig. 11.9) Ted g. The two flanges ___ ____ together. ‘Then the clamps together. (Pig. 11.10) Summary Sentence Patterns Selected Vocabulary To measure internal diameters, a Joining processes: micrometer cylinder gauge Is used. screw weld Depth micrometers are used fo measure bolt solder the depth of a component. clamp Co ors joining devices and materials: ascrew a connector Example abolt a flange A= ,, a, Lathes are used to produce anu aweld cylindrical items such as aclamp socket shafts or metal cylinders. acoupling micrometers: a micrometer caliper a depth micrometer amicrometer cylinder gauge measurements: feed rotary speed feedspeed cutting speed TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIPe SENAN METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE. UNIT VERNIER SLIDE GAUGE AND NONIUS Measuring tips Jaw i RY Internat measuring 1O-point verniar ‘9 mm divided into 10 divisions 1 vernier division: 9/10 mm long Difference from main scale: 710mm, 2/10mm = 910mm Roading steps: 0.1 rm Examples of reading: 0 > 1 oy 10 12 49313 0246810 024681 02468 2.4mm 91.5 mm 123 8mm SS TECHNICAL ENGLISH IlMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE USE OF VERNIER CALIPER GAUGE he vernier principle depends on two scales graduated in divisions which are almost, but not quite equal. In the standard metric vernier, there is a main scale of 50 mm and a vernier scale of 49 mm divided into 50. Therefore, the different between one division on the main scale (1mm) and one division on the vernier scale ( one — fiftieth of 49 mm = 0.98 mm) is 0.02 mm. The method of reading is as follows: 1. Note the number of complete millimeter divisions on the vernier scale. 2. Note the number of complete sections between zero on the vernier scale and a line on the vernier scale which coincides exactly with a line on the main scale. 3. Note the number of extra divisions on the vemier scale to the coinciding line. Supposing, for example, the readings taken as above were 37, 6 and 2 respectively. The reading would then represent. 37 complete millimeter divisions = 37 6 divisions, each of five 0.02 Os 2 extra divisions, each 0.02 reading METHOD Using vernier caliper gauge In using the gauge, the measured object is placed between the caliper jaws, and the movable jaw is closed so that the object is lighty gripped. The reading is then taken. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 4 PRECISION MEASURING INSTRUMENTS Anvil Measuring spindle Barre! Locking ring U-shaped frame INSIDE MICROMETER Three-point internal measuring instrument Thread cone Housing Spindle Barrel TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE T? measure dimensions such as the length, height, depth or diameter of a component, micrometers are used . There are different types of micrometer for different dimensions. The micrometer is a precision measuring instrument. In the form know as an external micrometer, It consists of a C — shaped frame terminating at one end in fixed member called the anvil opposite to which is a movable spindle. Outside the frame , in line with the spindle and engaging with its external thread, is the barrel The barrel is surrounded by a cylindrical portion known as the thimble, and is terminated by the ratchet stud. There is a locking — ring in the frame to lock the spindle in position each time after measurement. The basis of micrometer measurement is the movement, or lead, of the screw for each complete revolution. The lead of a standard metric micrometer is 0.5 mm. The barrel is graduated in millimeters and half- millimeters, and the thimble is divided into 50 equal parts. Thus, movement through one division of the thimble represents one- fiftieth of 0.5 mm, or 0.01 mm. Supposing the reading of the barrel is something over 5.5 mm and _ that of the thimble is 22 divisions, the micrometer reading can be expressed as follow: Barrel reading = 550mm Thimble reading = 022mm Completed reading = 572mm An internal micrometer has no C — frame or anvil, but still works on the same principle as the external micrometer. It is placed between two points or faces of the work piece to be measured. It is provided with a movable distance piece to which, if necessary, can be joined extension rods the lengths of which are then added to the reading. Translate into Spanish «© Anvil © Locking ring * Measuring spindle TECHNICAL ENGLISH II[sun METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNITS THIS IS A DRILLING MACHINE CONVERSATION: Martin: Hello! Frank Frank : Hello ! Martin Martin: What are you looking? Frank : Oh! This is a drilling machine Martin: That's interesting. What does it do’ Frank: Well. This is a drilling machine thafis used for making holes. Martin: It’s only for making holes Frank : No, and also we use it for making inside screws and for doing that we} use a tool called male. Martin: Oh that sound incredible . I'm sure you are studying in SENATI. 19 machines are the means of supplying the power which is necessary to a drill when cutting a hole. The power may be manual, and applied by turning a wheel, or it may be power driven, either directly by electricity or indirectly by belts. The feed may be a little wheel on top or a lever, and may even have a automatic feed on it. Bench or floor models may be obtained according to the class and size of work to be done. Drilling is the operation of making a hole in material and should never be confused with “ boring", which is the term used to describe the operation of increasing the diameter of hole previously formed in some way, but not is necessarily by drilling. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IlMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT DRILLING MACHINE Gearbox regulation Geer coupling Shifting block Drfve share Feed take-off Drilling spindle Automntic foods Spindle sieeve Stop Manual feed lever Greduated scale for drilling depth Motor switeh Adjustment of deilting depth Feed selection manually fulty automatic Infinitely variable speed of drilling spindle Adjustment of dril Dritting tabte TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE MECHANICAL CONTROL ELEMENT 8.- Hand wheel for table longitudinal movement 9.- Longitudinal slide locking lever 10.- Longitudinal graduated scale. 11.- Adjustable cursor for longitudinal scale 12.- Hand wheel for table transverse movement 13.- Transverse slide locking lever 14.- Transverse graduated scale 15.- Cursor for transverse scale. 16.- Hand wheel for table vertical movement 17.-Vertical slide locking lever 18.- Vertical graduated scale. 19.-cursor for vertical scale. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 5. AVOIDING DRILL DAMAGE tr | Uj RIGHT MACHINE TABLE WRONG RIGHT Inserting a taper shank drill Removing a taper shank | rr cs as as } WRONG | RIGHT i WRONG i RIGHT } i co nen {Never use a hard{Use a soft faced} Never use en] tise a proper drill }faced hammer orfhammer or bring}improvised drill orfand steady dril fimplement $drill down onto aflet drill point strike with hand te fpiece of hardwood! he metal table {prevent i fon the machine} i dropping. Piece of htable. i {wood on drill table tprevents damage tif drill slips out of joperators grasp. 4 $ nr a ae TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Use the text to complete the table. A damage drill point is a very common fault in the drilling process. It can be caused either by dropping the drill onto a hard surface when removing the drill from the spindle or by using a hard- faced hammer when inserting the drill. A damage drill point can result in rough holes. These may also be caused by too rapid a feed or insufficient coolant. Damage comers, another common fault, may also occur for these last two reasons. Bluntness or incorrect grinding are probable causes of a broken drill. Broken drills may also be due to an insecurely clamped workpiece or jamming of the drill in the hole as a result of worn corners. All faults of this kind can be avoided if the drill is kept in good condition and used correctly, Failure / fault Probable causes Remedy Damage drill la Point b. Rough holes a b. c. Damaged corners a b. A broken drill a b. ¢ d. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIstatn METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 5 CORRECT POINT ANGLES 140? 2 a? breaks eesil slips Aluminum Steel Plastics () Ni NIN N Grinding faults Off conter Nonuniform Off canter and edges nonuniform edges Result: Hole too big Drill getting Hole too big biunt quickly stepped TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNITS DRILLING Cylinder Cylinder development Clearance Chisel shape of edge @ = Clearance angle Y = Rake angle B = Upangie GP = Point angle Pre-drill TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIsft METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 5, THE SHAPING MACHINE The illustration is of a typical machine. The position of some controls may vary with different models. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Identification of Machine parts CODE NAME Ram Clapper box Position of stroke adjustment Length of stroke indicator Gear change lever Length of stroke adjustment Cross-feed screw Table elevating screw Cross —feed engaging plunger “Start-stop” and “ Inching Buttons” Tool head adjusting handle ©MNOHAON | 26 The machine consists of a main body with a ram working in adjustable slides on the top. On this ram working is carried the tool which does the cutting . in front of main body is a table which may be moved upwards, downwards or across in either direction by the turning of a handle, and sometimes by “self acting” arrangements. This table has a number of T- slots which enables the job itself, or a vice to hold the job, to be clamped to it. The main function of the shaping machine is the production of flat surfaces. Which are obtained by combining a line tool cut with a perpendicular feed. The arrangement of this is shown at fig (a) and the result at (b) , where the tool repeatedly travels along the line. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Cutting edges Clesrance angie B Wedge arate 7 Rake angie Angle on cutting wedge Cutting face Vs Main and secondary edge Back rake angle of main edge Main edge Cutting depen Ferd € Included angie X Adiusting angle ee. 10° Chip cross section | / a | “ = ‘ good ‘poor Slow feed » Fast feeds Laxge cutting depth « Small cutting depth» Wide, thin chip Slim, thick chip Sera machining merks Large machining marks TECHNICAL ENGLISH IMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT6. THE LATHE The lathe is probably the most used machine tool in engineering workshop and , with the exception of the drilling machine the oldest. LEGENT 1. Headstock 2. Spindle 3. Topslide 4. Splash guard 5. Tailstock 6. Bed 7. Mounting feet 8. Tail-end plinth 9. Leadscrew 10. Cooland tray 11. Saddle and cross-slide 12. Apron 13, Footbrake 14. Head- end plinth 15. Gearbox 16. End cover ( gear train ) TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE LATHE CONTROLS 1 2 3. 4 5. 6 7. |. Spindle speed selector Electrical push buitons . Apron, surfacing or sliding feeds Gearbox, threads and feeds Spindle retation (reverse only) Spindle rotation (forward and reverse) Footbrake ELECTRICAL CONTROLS With the exception of the lathe isolator, all elec trical controls are fitted into the front face of the headstock: 1 2 3 Press the GREEN button to start the main drive motor. The indicator lamp glows whilst the motor is running, Press the RED mushroom-head button to stop the main motor and also electrical supply to ancillary services. Coolant pump ON/OFF push buttons. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IlMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 6 CLAMPING OF WORKPIECES Tightening between center: Tightening with chuck jaws wile ta ass Senin | tami = Oriver Center wath step Clamping on face plate Angle plate TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 6 TURNING TOOL Cutting force F Standardised angle Cot vertical in ristion to main edge Included angle Chip breaker grobve ‘Tool nose (enierqed) bad Oxted e t=0.3mm O8mm TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT6 HEADSTOCK bore plugs (2) access pate ub. trough 30528-0 o-rings tla) seeket 0 clutch instr. plate (sta) a '50789-0 azrews Dearing cover Jilront oy arg. housing 7 0829-0 0 actows ae mere 0844-0 c OAS ate — 50669-0 detector flanged bea. hold-down screws (4) dowels 0662-1 pins (2) sate tp bed) eluteh lever cover screws 0843-0 screw * set-over pad TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE MILLING In the field of machine tools application the milling machine occupies a place opposite to the lathe, the two machines representing the most versatile producers in their spheres, i. @. the lathe for cylindrical and the milling machine for plane surfaces, Some millers claim that their machine is more versatile than the lathe, but we must admit that it is easier to do milling on the lathe than it is to turn on the milling machine. a icloseot eine (Cincinnati Milling Machine Ltd) Horizontal Milling Machine. A, Overarm, B, Arbor supporting bracket ; C; Spindle nose ; 2, Hand cross feed; #, Hand vertical fed; F, Speed change levers; G. Feed driving shaft (enclosed): H, Feed change levers; J, Table feed actuating lever; K. Feed trip: L, Rapid power feed control; M, Hand table feed; N, staring lever, P, Wheel for moving overarm; R, Feed reversing lever; S, Tube fo deliver cutting fluid to reservoir in base. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIson METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT TYPICAL MILLING CUTTERS ‘The geometry of milling cutter is rather different than that of the single — point tool prev discussed. The multi — tooth cutter requires a secondary clearance angle for chip removal the milling cutter the rake angle is measured relatively to a series of radical lines struck fro centre of cutter. width TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 6 Face milling cutter End foce milling cutter Side milling cutter Keywey cuits Double engle cutter Angular face cutter Semi-cireular cutter Sn os. Stotcysver Eng milf for, Tptets, Slitting ovtts TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 7 HOT — CHAMBER DIECASTING Read the text and label the flow diagram with sentences a, b, c and d. Diecasting is a common process in the engineering industry. It is used to produce many machine components. For some metals with a low melting point. Such as a zinc alloy, a process called hot-chamber diecasting is used For example, a carburetor body is produced by this method. There are three main stages in the process _ In the first stage the dies are closed. Then the injection plunger is forced into the dies. Finally, in the third stage, the dies are opened in order to remove the carburetor body. Flow diagram @. The dies are opened. c. The metal is forced into the dies b. The dies are closed d. The plunger is forced downwards TECHNICAL ENGLISH IISoi METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 7 Practice 1 Read the text again to complete table Practice 2 Complete the following diagram and the text : YN , Cold — chamber diecasting TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIstntn METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 7 STAGES: Filling ——~ is poured into the chamber. —_—— along the chamber. | ap, SK J —_...is removed. Flow diagram of the process and - Cold-chamber diecasting is a suitable —— casting process for metals with a high ment ene melting point, such as aluminium. =, There are three stages : filling , casting Finally, and ejection. In the first stage, the —— * and In the casting stage, , and the object —-—-—— TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE PLASTIC PROCESSING INJECTION MOLDS An injection mold is usually made in two halves or sections and held together in the position by the molding press. The mold is generally made out of tool steel . provided with channels for cooling, heating, and venting. Ejector pins and other d may be incorporated. There are six basic types 0 injection molds in use today. They are: (1) Two plate me three plate mold, ( 3) hot- runner mold, (4) insulated hot runner mold, (5) hot — m mold, and (6) stacked mold. Granuiate Injection moulded port Injection cylinder Opening and closing of mould Screw extruding Granlate TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIshan METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT7 PRESS MOULDING — Suction force trom vacuym pump TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE PLASTIC Read the text and complete the three diagram in Fig. above. The raw material for plastic are coal and oil , and many plastic materials today are produced from oil. Plastics can be divided into two main categories. The first group, called thermoplastics, includes well- known plastics such as PVC, nylon and polythene. These can be treated ( heated, softened and cooled ) several times, can be formed into combs, pipes and bags, in addition to many other similar products. Thermosetting plastics include melamine, polyurethane and phenolic resin, and can be made into tableware, foams and plugs respectively. However, this group differs from thermoplastics because they can be treated only once and harden when they are heated. a-— Beam. tO combs ‘pipes: oe ND Complete the sentences Nylon is a thermoplastic, and it --—------—-- into combs. Phenolic resin is a , and it Melamine and polyurethane are examples of- ———---, and they can be 7 Fk ON= formed into —------— respectively | Products such as ———from PVC and --—-— respectively. . -—--—-—- Can be treated more than once, whereas —------ harden when they are treated ; therefore they ——--------- only once. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 8 Working with computers INTRODUCTION * How do computers influence your life ? * Inwhat way have computers contributed to simplify work? Inyour opinion, in what areas are computers most effective ? COMPUTERS For those of you who are not very familiar with computers, here's a picture th illustrate the typical hardware. Monitor Screen disk drive Printer mouse keyboard TECHNICAL ENGLISH IlMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE TYPES OF COMPUTER |. Mach these names to the different types of computer. 41. mainframe 3. notebook 5. PC 2. laptop 4. handheld 6. minicomputer Problem — solving In pairs, decide what sort of computer is best for each of these users 1. Frank Rojas is a salesperson and he spends a lot of time visiting custome He wants a computer to carry with him so he can access data about | customers and his sales. 2. Sasha Falcon is a personnel officer. She needs a computer to keep s' records and to keep a diary of appointments. She also needs a computer writing letters. 3. The University of North needs a computer to look after its accounts, network, the records of all students and shaff, and to help with scient research. 4. The James family want a computer for entertainment, writing letters, 1 internet, and for calculating tax. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Reading: Types of computer Study these details of different types of computer. Find the answer to these questions. Which type of computer is : 1. The most common ? 2. small enough for a pocket? 3. the most common portable? 4. used by many people at the same time? 5. used like mainframes? 6. also called a handheld computer? 7. the most powerful? 8. not suitable for a lot of typing? Types of computers Notes Mainframes Large, powerful, expensive. Multi-user systems — used by many people at the same time. Used for processing very large amounts of data. The most powerful mainframes are called Supercomputers. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Minicomputers Used like mainframes. Not as big, powerful, or expensive as mainframe Less common now because microcomputers have Improved. Microcomputers or The most common type of computer. Personal computers ‘Smaller, cheaper, and less powerful than mainframes (PCs) and minicomputers. Types of portable Notes Laptop About the size of a small typewriter. Less common now because smaller and lighter portable: are available. Notebook about the size of a piece of writing paper. The most common type of portable. Sub notebook Not quite as big as notebooks. Can fit into a jacket Pocket. Handheld or Palmtop = Small enough to fit into the palm of one hand. Not easy to type with because of their size. Often used as personal organizers. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNITS : Language work : Comparison Study this comparison of three types of computer. Mainframes Minicomputer Minicompute Size Ht ++ Power 9 +++ ++ Cost ++ ++ = We compare things using adjectives in two ways. 1. We can compare one type of computer with another. Minicomputers are bigger than microcomputers. Mainframes are more expensive than microcomputers For negative comparison, we can say: Microcomputers are not as big as_minicomputers. Microcomputers are not as powerful as mainframes. 2. We can compare mainframes to all other types of computer. Mainframes are the biggest computers. Mainframes are the most powerful computers. Mainframes are the most expensive computers. With short adjectives (big,small,fast), we add — er and — est faster, fastest! With longer adjectives ( powerful, expensive ), we use more/ less and ti most/ the least before the adjective ( more powerful, the most powerful) Remember two exceptions: Good — better— the best bad — worse - the worst TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Let’y Practice Choose the correct adjective . Then fill in the gaps with the correct form of th adjective. 4.-light / heavy Laptop are .......... .. than desktop computers, but ... than notebooks. 2- large J small The mainframes is the .. type of computer A minicomputer is ..thana x microcomputer. 3.- powerful / expensive Minicomputers are .................... than mainframes bu they are also . e 4.- common / good Personal computers a are . mainframes but mainframes are ... 2 at processing very large amounts of data. 5.-fast / cheap New computers are and sometime: . than older machines. . .. than persone than personal computer 6.- powerful / J expensive Laptops are often .. .. than PCs bt they are not as oo... pececcenseeennennenene i — 7 a : Aids to communication $ Here are some phrases to use when agreeing or i disagreeing with someone. © a. I (thick) the best computer for a. © b. Lagree. / | think so too. c. I disagree. / | don't think so. Sa eenenereenenenenneeiannennaennennenaameenrenes) TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 8. COMMON MENU INSTRUCTIONS Computers work in response to certain orders or instructions that are given throu options we select from the corresponding menu. Observe the following instructions and match them with t appropriate explanation on the right. New 1. It closes the file you are working with, Save 2. This instruction allow you to remove the effects of @ mistake and get the previous text back. Save as 3. After finishing work on the computer it closes the Program and allows you to tum it off. Print 4. It opens a new file Delete 5. It erases or takes out a word or words from the text. Open 6. Through this instruction you order the computer to ‘store the information you want to keep save. Close 7. This instruction allows you to give the file you are working on a name. Undo 8. It brings to the screen the file you want to work on. Quit 9. You choose this option when you want to have A print out of your work. SEE TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 8 AUTODESK INVENTOR Autodesk Inventor 5.3 software is a 3D mechanical design system built wi adaptive technology and solid modeling capabilities. It provides all of the tools y need to execute design projects, from the first sketch to the final drawing wherever you are a single designer or a member of collaborative design team. This illustration shows the application window with a standard part file templa displayed in the graphics window. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE SKETCHES In Autodesk Inventor 5.3, sketching is the first step in creating a part. This chapte gives you an overview of the sketch environment, sketch tools, and the work flow fc creating sketches. What is a sketch ? A sketch is the profile of a feature and any geometry required to create the feature You create a 3D model from a sketch by projecting the profile or revolving it aroun an axis. Modifying Sketches After you create sketch geomeiry, you can refine and adjust the proportions of th scketch. If the geometry is not fully constrained, you can revise it by dragging. Yo can revise one or multiple elements using the drag method. You can format model edges and sketch lines. perpendicular horizontally aligned Drag the active endpoint ‘to createa tangential arc Use the Show/Delete Constraints tool to display constraints TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Sketching Tools and Symbols The sketching too! set includes sketching tools and constraint symbols. Sketching tools Some sketching tools have multiple options. If an arrow appears next to a tool, click the arrow to open a menu. Buttons Tool Settings / Options Special instructor csi «Edit coordinate system Rotate grid 7 3 « Create line segment Select Normal or Line Construction from « Create spline the Style menu. Center point * Create circle with center point | Select normal or and radius construction from tt * Create circle tangent to three | style menu. lines or curves * Create ellipse * Create arc with three points | Select Normal or Are * Create arc with center point Construction from and two endpoints. the style menu * Create arc tangent to a line or curve as its endpoint * Create rectangle with diagonal Rectangle points. * Create rectangle with three orthogonal points. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Button _ tool Settings / Options Special Instructions Fey | Filet * create fillet by entering radius | Define radius in a oes. and clicking two lines or dialog box. aes curves. m4 Chamfer Define chamfer in a : * Create broken edges or other | dialog box. sketch geometry fees] | Point * Create hole center or sketch | Select hole center 2A} [Hole point. (default) or sketch Center point from the style menu. Q Polygon * Create a polygon | | mirror * Mirror sketch geometry, and apply symmetry constraints Use the symmetry tool to edit existing geometry. EES | pattern # Rectangul | ¢ Create a rectangular sketch L&*! | ar pattern pattern "68{ | Circular © Create a circular sketch pattern Create associative and non associative patterns. Suppress pattern instances. Offset e Create parallel lines or curves at a specified distance. fea 5B5| | General dimension ‘= Apply dimensions to sketches tA Auto #2) | dimension « Place dimensions automatically to fully constrain a sketch in one step Place critical dimensions first. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Special / Button Tool Setting / Options Instructions * Extend a line or curve to Press and hold Extend intersect with the nearest line, | SHIFT to temporarily curve, or point. enable Trim. Turn on extend from context menu. ° Trima line or curve Press and hold Trim SHIFT to temporally enable . Extend. Tur on trim from context menu. rf |Move * Move or copy imported DWG or sketch geometry. oO Rotate * Rotate or copy imported DWG or sketch geometry agi] |Add © Make two lines perpendicular =" | Constraint Make two lines parallel Make a line or curve tangent to a curve. Make points, lines, or curves coincident. Make two curves concentric. |) s Make lines or axes collinear © is Make a line horizontal; horizontally align points. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Button Tool __ Settings / Options Special Instructions 4h + Make a line vertical; vertically align points fa] * Make two lines or radii equal length. * Make points, lines, or curves fixed relative to the sketch coordinate system. « Make existing geometry Can apply separately =} | symmetry symmetry. from Mirror constraint. n | Use Mirror to create “ new symmetrical sketches. Show Show applied constraints Position the cursor oe constraints over a constraint and f press DELETE to remove it. a Project * Project geometry onto Geometry another sketch. - Project cut | + Project onto a sketch plane all [ Ge. edges of a selected part that = intersect the sketch plane. | [Project fiat | + Project a tat pattern onto a LYE] | pattern sketch plane. Insert AutoCAD file TECHNICAL ENGLISH IlMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNITS Let’y Practice Combine the letters at the left to form logical word at the right side. '" eFlefelcli{t| o. |E|TI|N{elciR a- |ole|x|tleln 4 |lrle|tflal}rio s- |v | —E;/m]|o ef fw Te R R I M °O a- pj/e|cle.s 9. o|n| pelt 1 10- H|R ula E|c| F TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Lets Practice ! Try to find each one of the words listed below, inside the robot. You can read them backwards, forwards, up or down. Every single word make sense, 1 2, SCALE SAVE EAT . CONTROL |. SMALL OF LENGTH . TOO Row SAFETY! STYLE E-MAIL EQUAL HEIGHT . METER . RED LAYER . COVER ANI ). REQ |. ON . VERTICE, 3. IF ! TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT9 EXPLANATION OF THE KEYBOARD ‘Small monochrome / or color CRT/ MDI panel Table Explanation of the keyboard Number Name Explanation 1 |PowerON and OFF __ | Press these buttons to turn CNC power ON buttons and OFF. OOFF 10N 2 |RESET key Press this key to reset the CNC, to cancel an alarm, etc. 3 | START key This key is used to start MDI operation or automatic operation, depending on the machine. Refer to the manual provided by the machine too builder. This key is also used to output data to an input / output unit. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IlMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE ti Function keys Cursor move keys CURSOR [f) +) Press these keys to switch display screens for each function. See sec. 2.2 for details of the function keys. There are two different cursor move keys. This key is used to move the cursor In a downward or forward direction. The cursor is moved in small units In the forward direction. This key is used to move the cursor In an upward or reverse direction. The cursor is moved in small units in the reverse direction. Page change keys PAGE Two kinds of page change keys ere described below This key is used to changeover the the page on the CRT screen in the forward direction. This key is used to changeover the the page on the CRT screen in the reverse direction. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE 4 Soft key (options) The soft keys have various functions, according to the Applications. The soft key functions are displayed at the bottom of the CRT screen. Address and numerical keys © | @ Press these keys to input alphabetic, numeric, and other characters. SHIFT key Some keys have two characters on their keytop. Pressing the SHIF key switches the characters. Special character is displayed on the screen when a character indicated at the bottom right corner on the keytop can be entered. (the standard MDI key panel does not have this key.) 7 | INPUT key When an address or a numerical key is pressed, the data is input to the buffer, and it is displayed on the CRT screen. To copy the data in the key input buffer to the offset register, etc., press the INPUT key. This key is also used to input data from an input/output unit. 8 Cancel key Press this key to delete the last character or ‘symbol input to the key input buffer. 9 |Program edit keys TECHNICAL ENGLISH Il Press these keys when editing the program Alteration Insertion Deletionsfatn METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE | UNIT9 Disposition of Machine Components Machine components (2/2) TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 9 | N° _ Name N°| ss“ Name 1 | Turret 9 | Coolant tank 2 ‘| Main circuit breaker 10 | Tailstock 3 | Lubrication unit 11 | Coolant pump 4 _|Spindle 12 _|Datal/O panel - 5 | Spindle cooling unit 13 | Operating panel 6 | Pressure nameplate (Main 14 pressure, Chuck pressure, Air unit Tailstock thrust power ) 7 | Hydraulic unit 15 | TOOL EYE 8 | Chuck 16 | Milling spindle drive motor Answer this question 1. Howimportant is CNC in your occupation ? TECHNICAL ENGLISH IMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 9: Coordinate Axes The coordinate axes used for the machine are defined as follows: « X-axis refers to the vertical motion of the turret (plus ) indicates the upward direction (away from the spindle center ); (minus) indicates the downward direction (towards the spindle center). « Z-axis refer to the transverse motion of turret. (plus) indicates the rightward direction (away from the chuck); (minus) indicates the leftward direction(towards the chuck) « Y-axis refers to the longitudinal motion of the turret. (plus) indicates the forward direction ( to the front); (minus) indicates the backward direction ( to the rear) » C-axis refers to the rotation of the work spindle. (plus) indicates the left-hand rotation (CCW); (minus) indicates the right-hand rotation (CCW) TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 9 CHEK BY RUNING THE MACHINE Explanation © Dryrun. Remove the workpiece , check only movement of the tool. Select the tool movemer rate using the dial on the operator's panel Dry run © Feed override Check the program by changing the feed rate specified by the program. Foedrate after teed rate override 20 mm/min. TECHNICAL ENGLISH I!ofn METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 9 PREPARATION FOR OPERATION Inspection at the start of Operation In order to ensure safe operation and good machine maintenance, the following points must be inspected before starting operation. * Check that the voltage of the factory power supply is correct ( Permissio voltage : 200 to 230 V ) © Check that the doors of the operating panel and contro! cabinet are closed. Check that the oil level gauges are indicating the correct values. TRIsO12I0 How to stop the Machine How to stop the machine in emergencies Press the emergency stop button. All the machines actions will stop immediately. ® Memorize the position of the EMERGENCY STOP button so that you cai press it immediately from any position. Failure to observe this precaution coul result in serious injury. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT9 © Single block When the cycle start pushbutton is pressed, the tool executes one operation th stops. By pressing the cycle start again, the tool executes the next operation th stops, The program is checked in this manner. Cycle stat Oycte start Gycle stan Two! Stop Single block How to view the Position display Change without == Running the machine fieseey Explanation Z @ Machine lock ‘The tool remains stopped, and only the positional displays of tha axes change. Machine block « Auxiliary function lock When automatic running is placed into the auxiliary function lock mode during machine lock mode, all auxiliary functions ( spindle rotation, tool replaceme coolant on / off, etc. ) are disabled. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 9 CHEK BY RUNING THE MACHINE Explanation © Dryrun. Remove the workpiece , check only movement of the tool. Select the tool movemer rate using the dial on the operator's panel Dry run © Feed override Check the program by changing the feed rate specified by the program. Foedrate after teed rate override 20 mm/min. TECHNICAL ENGLISH I!METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE INTELLIGENT MILLING MACHINE MAIN FEATURES * 4 different ways to operate this machine a) manually operation ( Use 3 hand wheels) b) Guidance menus operation( X,Y 2 axis simultaneous CN machining without programs ) c) Fully automatic machining ( 3 axis CNC program machining DNC) d) Teaching in and playback function. Use friendly control system with graphic display and conversation da input. © Inexperience user can be operate this machine only need about 3° mi Training * Circular , special angle side milling can be done by manual fee through guidance no any rotary table are need it, Use RS232C interface can be doing DNC to machining 3D molds as standard function. TECHNICAL ENGLISH IlBase Form Be Group 1 bend build burn learn send Group 2 Bring Buy Hear Keep Leave Lose Mean Say Sell teach Group 3 Burst Cast Cost Cut Hit Let Put Set Shut Split spread METAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE IRREGULAR VERBS Simple Past Past Participle was , were been bent bent built built burt burnt leat learnt sent sent brought brought bought bought heard heard kept kept left left lost lost meant meant said said sold sold taught taught burst burst cast cast cost cost cut cut hit hit let let put put set set shut shut split split spread spread Meaning _ TECHNICAL ENGLISH IMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 9 Base Form Simple Past Past Participle Meaning Group 4 Bind bound bound Dig dug dug ———- Feed fed fed — Find found found Grind ground ground Hand hung hung Have had had = Hold held held Lead led led Light lit lit Meet met met Make made made Read read read Shine shone shone Slide slid slid racemes Spin spun spun gopeeremecaay Stand stood stood --————— Stick stuck stuck Strike struck struck Understand understood understood withstand withstood withstood Group 5 Saw sawed sawn show showed shown Group 6 Blow blew blown Break broke broken Choose chose chosen aa Draw drew drawn a aera Drive drove driven Fall fell fallen Fly flew flown Freeze froze frozen Give gave given TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE Materials FS. permerar on = 2 z N QVOmVezzEIO g Boao 35g5 oogmgeeo Po Abbreviations Aluminium Alloy steel Angle Brass Bronze Bill of Materials Bleck Iron Cast brass Cast Iron Cold Rolled steel Cast steel Copper Duralumin Fiber Forged Steel Galvanized Iron Hot rolled steet Malleable iron Machine steel Nickel plated Nickel steel Phospher bronze Rubber covered ( wire ) Steel casting Mild steel Diameter Drawing Direct current Dimensions Drill Figure Floor Material Outside diameter On centers Spanish Aluminio Acero de aleacién Angulo Bronce amarillo Bronce Lista de materiales Fierro negro Bronce fundido Fierro fundido Acero laminado en frio Acero fundido Cobre Duraluminio Fibra Acero forjado Fierro galvanizado Acero laminado en caliente Fierro maleable Acero para maquina Niquelado Acero al nique! Bronce fosforado Bronce fosforado Fundicion de acero Acero blando Diametro Dibujo Corriente directa Dimensiones Taladrar Cifra ( figura ) Piso Material Diametro exterior En centros TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNITS. Base Form Know Lie Rise See Shake Speak Take Tear Wear Withdraw write Group 7 Become Begin Come Do Go Run Sink Simple Past knew lay rose saw shook spoke took tore threw wore withdrew wrote became began came did went ran sank Past Participle known lain risen seen shaken spoken taken torn thrown wom withdrawn written become begun come done gone sunk Meaning TECHNICAL ENGLISH IMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE MY HEARTH WILL GO ON (Celine Dion) dreams. I see you. I feel you TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 10 LET IT BE (< The Bettley” ) ‘When | find myself Tt times of trouble ie And in my hour of da she is standing right in fro speaking Words of Wi REPEAT CHORUS TECHNICAL ENGLISH IIMETAL MECHANICAL SPECIALIZED ENGLISH COURSE UNIT 10 to let her into your Hey Jude don’t make it bad take a sad song a you can start and make it better to make it better remember i to let her into your then you can start to make it better Hey Jude go out and get her 4 ‘movement you need the minute you let - your shoulder under your skin ‘hat it's foo al Who plays it cool By making his world TECHNICAL ENGLISH II

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