SUPLEMEN 2 METOPEL (CARA GRATIS MENDOWNLOAD JURNAL

INTERNASIONAL BEREPUTASI).

Di antara sejumlah publisher yang mempublikasikan jurnal internasional bereputasi

adalah: Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Taylor and Francis, Emerald, Jstor. Namun,
sebagian dari artikel yang dipublikasikan oleh penerbit tersebut termasuk katagori
“berbayar”.

Lalu, bagaimana cara mendapatkannya secara gratis ????????

➢ GUNAKAN LINK “SCI-HUB”

Menggunakan link SCI-Hub memberikan manfaat lebih besar bagi kita, disamping
kita bisa mendownload artikel berbayar secara gratis, fasilitas SCI-HUB juga secara
langsung menampilkan cara penulisan referensi dari artikel yang didownload.

Misal: Kita ingin mencari referensi mengenai keterkaitan antara belanja pemerintah
dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kita ingin referensi yang kita ambil dari jurnal
internasional bereputasi yang dipublikasikan oleh elsevier.

Buka link: https://www.goolge.com, kemudian klik kanan pada “elsevier an

information analitics business”
Klik “find articles”

Pada kolom keyword ketik kata kunci yang kita cari yakni belanja pemerintah (government
expenditure/government spending) dan pertumbuhan ekonomi (economic growth)
Kemudian “OK” akan tampak tampilan berikut.

Kemudian klik kanan dan open link judul artikel yang kita inginkan seperti dalam screen shot berikut.
Kemudian akan terlihat tampilan judul artikel secara lengkap disertai abstrak artikel tersebut seperti
dalam screenshoot dibawah ini.

Buka link https://sci-hub.se seperti dalam screen shoot berikut.

Copy link artikel yang akan kita download, seperti screen shoot dibawah ini.

Kemudian paste ke kolom yang tesedia pada sci-hub, seperti dalam screen shot berikut.

Kemudian klik “open” sehingga muncul tampilan berikut.

Ingat!!!!!. Terkadang muncul masalah ketika meng “copy paste” link artikel, dimana artikel tidak bisa
didownload. Maka alternatif lain yang dapat dilakukan adalah meng “copy paste” nomor doi artikel
yang bersangkutan. Alternatif lain juga dapat dilakukan dengan meng “copy paste” judul secara
lengkap ke dalam sci-hub.

Lihat screen shoot di atas, selain kita dapat mendownload artikel secara gratis, kita juga terbantu
dengan munculnya cara penulisan daftar pustaka untuk artikel tersebut secara benar sesuai dengan
kaedah APA style. Penulisan daftar pustaka tersebut tinggal kita copy paste ke word. Seperti di
bawah ini.

Contoh penulisan daftar pustaka dengan kaedah APA style.

Attari, M. I. J., & Javed, A. Y. (2013). Inflation, Economic Growth and Government
Expenditure of Pakistan: 1980-2010. Procedia Economics and Finance, 5, 58–67.
doi:10.1016/s2212-5671(13)00010-5

Untuk memudahkan kita mendokumentasikan referensi sejenis, maka kita dapat membuka link
artikel yang sudah didownload dan kemudian melakukan copy paste ke bawah daftar pustaka.
Akhirnya……………..!!!!!! Artikel yang dapat dijadikan referensi.

Cara penulisan daftar pustaka:

Attari, M. I. J., & Javed, A. Y. (2013). Inflation, Economic Growth and Government
Expenditure of Pakistan: 1980-2010. Procedia Economics and Finance, 5, 58–67.
doi:10.1016/s2212-5671(13)00010-5

Abstract

This study is going to explore the relationship among the rate of inflation, economic growth
and government expenditure in case of Pakistan. In this study, the government expenditure
has been disaggregated in to the government current expenditure and the government
development expenditure. This investigation is made by using the time series data during the
period 1980-2010. The econometrics tools like Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root
test, ARDL, Johansen cointegration and Granger-causality test are used to investigate such
relationship. The results derived by applying these econometrics tools show that there is
a long-term relationship between rate of inflation, economic growth and government
expenditure, it means the government expenditures yield positive externalities and
linkages. In the short run, the rate of inflation does not affect the economic growth but
government expenditures do so. The causality test results show that there is
unidirectional causality between rate of inflation and economic growth and; economic
growth and government expenditure.

Dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah seperti dijelaskan di atas, kita juga dapat

mendownload artikel terkait lainnya. Sehingga kita akan memperoleh kumpulan abstrak
artikel sekaligus cara penulisan daftar pustaka artikel yang bersangkutan seperti di bawah ini.

Kumpulan abstrak artikel penelitian yang berisi informasi mengenai keterkaitan

antara belanja pemerintah dan pertumbuhan ekonomi (sebaiknya dibuat dalam file
tersendiri) sehingga memudahkan kita dalam menelusurinya ketika menulis proposal.

Attari, M. I. J., & Javed, A. Y. (2013). Inflation, Economic Growth and Government
Expenditure of Pakistan: 1980-2010. Procedia Economics and Finance, 5, 58–67.
doi:10.1016/s2212-5671(13)00010-5

Abstract

This study is going to explore the relationship among the rate of inflation, economic growth
and government expenditure in case of Pakistan. In this study, the government expenditure
has been disaggregated in to the government current expenditure and the government
development expenditure. This investigation is made by using the time series data during the
period 1980-2010. The econometrics tools like Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root
test, ARDL, Johansen cointegration and Granger-causality test are used to investigate such
relationship. The results derived by applying these econometrics tools show that there is
a long-term relationship between rate of inflation, economic growth and government
expenditure, it means the government expenditures yield positive externalities and
linkages. In the short run, the rate of inflation does not affect the economic growth but
government expenditures do so. The causality test results show that there is
unidirectional causality between rate of inflation and economic growth and; economic
growth and government expenditure.

Divino, J. A., Maciel, D. T. G. N., & Sosa, W. (2020). Government size, composition of
public spending and economic growth in Brazil. Economic Modelling.
doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2020.06.001

The performance of the fiscal policy is largely affected by the relationship between
government size, composition of public spending and economic growth. We use a theoretical
framework to find optimal relations among these variables and confront them with a panel
data for the Brazilian states. Private capital and government spending are substitute inputs
in production as the Brazilian states require provision of public spending to fill gaps in
the underdeveloped private sector. Public investment and current government expenditures
are combined in fixed ratios in the overall government spending due to strong rigidity of the
public budget. The optimal share of public investment is considerably lower than current
expenditures, as occurs in developing countries characterized by low economic dynamism.
Finally, the average tax burden from the data is below the estimated optimal level, meaning
that there is space for increasing tax rate without harming economic growth for some
Brazilian states

Abu-Bader, S., & Abu-Qarn, A. S. (2003). Government expenditures, military spending and
economic growth: causality evidence from Egypt, Israel, and Syria. Journal of Policy
Modeling, 25(6-7), 567–583. doi:10.1016/s0161-8938(03)00057-7

This study uses multivariate cointegration and variance decomposition techniques to

investigate the causal relationship between government expenditures and economic growth
for Egypt, Israel, and Syria, for the past three decades. When testing for causality within a
bivariate system of total government spending and economic growth, we find bi-directional
causality from government spending to economic growth with a negative long-term
relationship between the two variables. However, when testing for causality within a
trivariate system—the share of government civilian expenditures in GDP, military burden,
and economic growth—we find that the military burden negatively affects economic growth
for all the countries, and that civilian government expenditures cause positive economic
growth in Israel and Egypt.

Wu, S.-Y., Tang, J.-H., & Lin, E. S. (2010). The impact of government expenditure on
economic growth: How sensitive to the level of development? Journal of Policy
Modeling, 32(6), 804–817. doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2010.05.011

Previous studies generally find mixed empirical evidence on the relationship between
government spending and economic growth. In this paper, we re-examine the causal
relationship between government expenditure and economic growth by conducting the panel
Granger causality test recently developed by Hurlin, 2004, Hurlin, 2005 and by utilizing a
richer panel data set which includes 182 countries that cover the period from 1950 to 2004.
Our empirical results strongly support both Wagner's law and the hypothesis that
government spending is helpful to economic growth regardless of how we measure the
government size and economic growth. When the countries are disaggregated by income
levels and the degree of corruption, our results also confirm the bi-directional causality
between government activities and economic growth for the different subsamples of
countries, with the exception of the low-income countries. It is suggested that the distinct
feature of the low-income countries is likely owing to their inefficient governments and
inferior institutions.

Dinh Thanh, S., Hart, N., & Canh, N. P. (2020). Public spending, public governance and
economic growth at the Vietnamese provincial level: A disaggregate analysis. Economic
Systems, 100780. doi:10.1016/j.ecosys.2020.100780

Abstract

This study examines the role of economic governance in the relationship between public
spending, private investment, and economic growth in Vietnam at the provincial level.
The study data consist of sixty-two Vietnamese provinces for the period 2006–2015. Some
notable results are attained by applying a sequential (two-stage) estimation. First, the
marginal benefits to economic growth of increased Vietnamese provincial government
expenditures may be constrained because of the inefficiency of expenditures on education,
business services, and public administration. Second, public spending and private
investment are found to be substitutes at the provincial level. Third, based on the
Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) ranking, used as a proxy for provincial public
governance in Vietnam, the significance of public governance can be observed. The study
concludes that good governance, characterized by different attributes, such as lower informal
charges, greater transparency, and unbiased policy, plays a critical role in improving the
impact of government expenditure on economic growth in Vietnamese provinces, particularly
through its interactions with private sector investment.

Kita juga bisa mendownload artikel tentang keterkaitan antara belanja pemerintah
(government expenditure/government spending) dan pertumbuhan ekonomi (economic
growth) dari penerbit lain terkenal lainnya seperti springer, wiley, tandfonline atau pun
emerald.

Misal kita ingin mencari artikel dimaksud dari jurnal dibawah penerbit springer

Buka google kemudian ketik “springer government expenditure on economic growth” seperti
dalam screen shoot di bawah ini.
Pilih judul artikel yang ingin didownload kemudian klik kanan, open link in new tab.

Sehingga kita bisa membaca judul lengkap dan abstrak masing-masing artikel kita anggap
cocok dengan yang kita inginkan, seperti dalam screen shot berikut.
Dengan memanfaatkan link sci hub seperti dijelaskan sebelumnya, kita dapat mendownlod
artikel tersebut sekaligus meng copy cara penulisan daftar pustakanya menurut kaedah APA
style.

Odhiambo, N. M. (2015). Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in South Africa:

an Empirical Investigation. Atlantic Economic Journal, 43(3), 393–406.
doi:10.1007/s11293-015-9466-2

In this study, the dynamic causal relationship between government expenditure and economic
growth is examined using data from South Africa, the most advanced economy in Africa. The
study uses the recently developed auto-regressive distributed lag model (ARDL)-bounds
testing approach to examine this linkage. In order to address the omission of variable bias, the
study incorporates unemployment as an intermittent variable between economic growth and
government spending, thereby creating a simple multivariate model. The empirical findings
of this study show that, although both government expenditure and economic growth
Granger-cause each other in the short run, in the long run, it is economic growth that
Granger-causes government expenditure.

Cooray, A. (2009). Government Expenditure, Governance and Economic Growth.

Comparative Economic Studies, 51(3), 401–418. doi:10.1057/ces.2009.7

This study investigates the role of the government in economic growth by extending the
neoclassical production function to incorporate two dimensions of the government – the size
and the quality dimensions. The government size- and quality-augmented model, where size
is measured by government expenditure and quality by governance, is tested on a cross
section of 71 economies. Estimation is also carried out on the sample by income distribution.
The empirical results indicate that both the size and quality of the government are
important for economic growth. It is argued that investing in the capacity for enhanced
governance is a priority for the improved growth performance of the countries examined.
Martins, S., & Veiga, F. J. (2014). Government size, composition of public expenditure, and
economic development. International Tax and Public Finance, 21(4), 578–597.
doi:10.1007/s10797-014-9313-4

This paper analyzes the effects of government size and of the composition of public
expenditure on economic development. Using the system-GMM estimator for linear dynamic
panel data models, on a sample covering up to 156 countries and 5-year periods from 1980 to
2010, we find that government size as a percentage of GDP has a quadratic (inverted U-
shaped) effect on the growth rate of the Human Development Index (HDI). This effect is
especially pronounced in developed and high-income countries. We also find that the
composition of public expenditure affects development, with the share of five
subcomponents exhibiting nonlinear relationships with HDI growth.

Shafuda, C. P. P., & De, U. K. (2020). Government expenditure on human capital and growth
in Namibia: a time series analysis. Journal of Economic Structures, 9(1).
doi:10.1186/s40008-020-00196-3

An attempt is made in this paper to examine the impacts of government spending on human
capital on human development indicators like healthcare outcomes, education achievements
and increase in national income in Namibia using time series data from 1980 to 2015. The
analysis reveals a significant long-run inverse relationship of government spending on
healthcare with fertility rate, infant mortality rate and under-5 mortality rate. However, no co-
integration is observed between government spending on healthcare and life-expectancy or
adult mortality rate. Also, the findings reveal a significant long-run positive relationship of
government spending on education with literacy rate, net primary and gross tertiary
enrolment rate. Whereas, no co-integration between government spending on education and
gross enrolment rate at primary and secondary level is observed. The vector auto-regression
analysis revealed significant impacts of expenditure on healthcare and education on the GDP
growth in the long run through improved human resources. The results are thus in favour of
continuation of expansionary government expenditure policy to achieve faster economic
growth in Namibia. However, drastic changes should be adopted to improve basic education
and primary healthcare in the country.
Jika kita merasa belum cukup, kita juga dapat mendownload artikel dengan tema yang sama
dari penerbit lainnya seperti wiley. Caranya mudah, kita tinggal mengganti springer dengan
wiley seperti dalam screen shot.

Terdapat sejumlah judul artikel yang cocok dengan yang kita cari yakni keterkaitan antara
belanja pemerintah (government expenditure/government spending) dan pertumbuhan
ekonomi (economic growth). Open link new tab untuk artikel yang sesuai, misalnya disini
terdapat empat artikel yang kita inginkan. Lihat screen shot berikut.
Dengan memanfaatkan link sci hub seperti dijelaskan sebelumnya, kita dapat mendownlod
artikel tersebut sekaligus meng copy cara penulisan daftar pustakanya menurut kaedah APA
style.
Laboure, M., & Taugourdeau, E. (2018). Does Government Expenditure Matter for
Economic Growth? Global Policy, 9(2), 203–215. doi:10.1111/1758-5899.12540

This paper aims to determine how the composition of public expenditure affects countries’
economic growth depending on their level of development. We show that there is a strong
association between a country's level of development and the amount of public spending.
Productive spending dominates in poorer countries while richer countries have a higher
proportion of unproductive spending. Furthermore, productive spending has a greater
effect on growth in poorer countries. We illustrate our findings using dynamic panel GMM
estimators with data from 147 countries (31 low, 69 medium and 47 high‐income countries)
covering the period 1970–2008. We also find that education expenditures are the more
productive public spending.

Christie, T. (2012). The Effect of Government Spending on Economic Growth: Testing The
Non-Linear Hypothesis. Bulletin of Economic Research, 66(2), 183–204.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8586.2012.00438.x

Theoretical models suggest a non‐linear relationship between government size and long‐run
economic growth. However, testing this hypothesis empirically in cross‐country studies is
complicated by the endogeneity of government spending and the accurate identification of
inflexion points. This paper examines the non‐linear hypothesis by incorporating threshold
analysis in a cross‐country growth regression. The methodology utilizes a sample‐splitting
framework and follows an objective strategy for identifying and testing changes in the slope.
The results provide evidence in support of the non‐linear hypothesis for a broad panel
of countries.

Mo, P. H. (2008). Government Expenditures and Economic Growth: The Supply and
Demand Sides. Fiscal Studies, 28(4), 497–522. doi:10.1111/j.1475-5890.2007.00065.x

This paper uses a new approach to estimate how government expenditures affect the growth
rate of real GDP. They affect the growth rate through three channels ‐ total factor
productivity, investment and aggregate demand. We find that apart from government
investment, all government expenditures have negative marginal effects on productivity
and GDP growth. In particular, a 1 percentage point increase in the share of
government consumption in GDP reduces the equilibrium GDP growth rate by 0.216
percentage points, while the same increase in government investment raises the growth
rate by 0.167 percentage points. This suggests that a reallocation of 1 percentage point
of government consumption to government investment can raise the growth rate by 0.38
percentage points.
Alshammary, M. D., Khalid, N., Karim, Z. A., & Ahmad, R. (2020). Government
expenditures and economic growth in the MENA region: A dynamic heterogeneous
panel estimation. International Journal of Finance & Economics. doi:10.1002/ijfe.2321.

This study examines the dynamic heterogeneous effect of government expenditures on

economic growth in 20 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries during the 1990–
2016 period. The results reveal that a dynamic adjustment in economic growth in the MENA
region occurred from the short to the long run. Arguably, government expenditures can
promote economic growth. In the long run, the coefficients of government expenditures are
positive and significant in oil and non‐oil countries; in the short run, the coefficient is
statistically significant in oil countries but not in non‐oil countries. The coefficients of
government expenditures markedly differ between the two groups. For the MENA
region, as a whole, government expenditures exhibit a crowding‐in effect instead of a
crowding‐out effect on growth. Importantly, to sustain economic growth, non‐oil countries
must embark fiscal reform measures promptly by optimizing government expenditures. Oil
countries should consider the implications of short‐ and medium‐term fiscal imbalances.

Sekarang kita telah memperoleh sejumlah referensi dari artikel ilmiah bereputasi mengenai
keterkaitan antara belanja pemerintah dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi, sekaligus cara
penulisan daftar pustaka masing-masing artikel tersebut. Berbekal abstrak artikel yang kita
peroleh, kita dapat menulis narasi tentang keterkaitan antar variabel.

BACA SUPLEMEN 3 METOPEL (CARA MENULIS NARASI TENTANG

KETERKAITAN ANTAR VARIABEL)