“Glycogenesis is the Conversion of glucose to Glycogen” Glycogenesis is a biological process that happens in the liver & muscle cells that converts and stores molecules of glucose as glycogen. This mechanism enables the body to preserve an uninterrupted supply of glucose for energy synthesis, especially when the intake of glucose is low and as during fasting or hard activity. Glycogenesis is a complicated process involving numerous enzymatic processes, involving the transformation of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and subsequently into glucose-1-phosphate, that is then utilized to build glycogen chains by enzymes like glycogen synthase and branching enzyme. Hormones like insulin, which stimulates glycogen synthesis, and glucagon, leading to the breakdown of glycogen and releases glucose into the circulation, control glycogenesis,Steps of Glycogenesis Glycogenesis is the process through which glucose is stored in the liver and muscle cells as glycogen. The stages involved in glycogenesis are as follows: Glucose uptake: Glucose transporters transfer glucose into liver and muscle cells. * Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P): The enzyme hexokinase converts glucose to G6P once it enters the cell. ATP is required for this conversion. Conversion of G6P to glucose-1-phosphate (G1P): G6P is converted to G1P by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase. Formation of UDP-glucose: G1P combines with uridine triphosphate (UTP) to create UDP-glucose, which is mediated by the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.Formation of glycogen chains: The enzyme glycogen synthase induces the synthesis of alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds between glucose molecules to create glycogen chains. In this process, UDP-glucose acts as the donor of glucose residues. Formation of glycogen branches: Branching enzymes catalyze the production of alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds among glucose molecules, resulting in the development of branches in the glycogen molecule. Glycogen storage: The glycogen molecule accumulates in the liver and muscle cells_unless it is required in order to supply energy.| SS . Diagram of Glycogenesis t Ur—cucose — uTP ee ESSN epinephrine (muscle) Glucose-6-phosphate ee ‘ADP. ate Glucose