Process of he Naina Symposia Dav ln Spaces (24 2008) (Raat S Wed, Lanka sain fre Advacomet of Sone Food resource partitioning of accidentally introduced sucker mouth catfish, Prerygoplychthys multiradiatus with some of the indigenous and intentionally introduced fish species in Sri Lanka M. U. I Wijedhunga and U. P.K. Epa Department of Zale Unies of Kelana, Dalgama, Klaiva Abstract Invasive alien species (IAS) have been one of the major causes responsible fo estinction of, snatve species in island ecosystems, Sei Lanka being an island, itis very mach essential to Identify the effects of invasive alien fish species atthe inital sages of infestations in onder to apply control measures whenever necessity Pinophebibys maliraditar, is one of the accidentally inwoduced fish species that occurs ‘mainly around Anuradapura, Colombo, Gampaha, Kandy, Kalutara and Kurunegala district. ‘The present study investigated the food resource partitioning of P. muliradats with several alien and indigenous fish species found in aquatic habias of Sei Lanka. The gut/stomach contents of Orecromis mastambiny, Etmpls saratensx, Erol maculatus, Patins dora, Pantne flamextses, Rashredavioins and Matus glo was volomnesically analysed and food panicles ‘were identified. Gut/stomach content analysis data of Mute wittar, Labe rite, O. ioc, Anabastesndinea, Danie malebarias, Glasgobius gis, Cale exe, Tiber pcsoal was ‘bcaned from secondary sources and are also considered ia analysis. “According to the Shoenet Index high dietary overlaps were observed berween P.mutadiatus ‘with O. massambiou (S = 87%), P. desas & = 67.6%) and T. paras (8 = 65%). Fsureeni, E, macalatas, P lamentoas, R dancnint, M. gobo, M. wit, C ala, L. rabta and O. iia hnad a moderate dietary ovedap (38% < S < 66%) with P. muiadiatur A lw dietary overlay (G3% 0.66 were considered as to be high, and those <0.33 low, and overlaps in between 0.33-0.66 were considered as moderate. ‘This analysis was performed for che data of diet composition of different fish species and dlictary overlap was also calculated for different fish species. In the second approach to explore dietary variation among all the sixteen fish species Principal Component Analysis (PCA ; Gauch, 1982 ) was performed using MINITAB version 14, 107Proc ofthe Nac Sompeion oma Aion Sis 45 2068) (on 8 Ne) Sr Lana Aaa for he hace f Skee Results and Discussion ight Ssh species were eaugh fom Polgaha wews, Ragan (Table 2), P. mbes was observed in the Polgaha weva and it inflow and outow earls. Onocomis masombias, Pais lamiss an . maka were the ost abundane species found dung te study period. From the sh species found in this stay O. stm and P. murda wore alien species while Z muna, E sens, R. dates Pflameooy, M, gu were indigenous. The ditcy data for Ls bit, ©. wii, Mitts, D. malaria, Atti Cel, 6 tris aT. potas were obuined through secondary sources. ‘The gut content of fish species consisted with blue green alge, green algae, detitus, diatom, macrophytes and crustcean and insects particles. According to the volametsic proportions of food R. danza was mainly feeding on detrinas ond insects part, P, lawmnosc and P. bas bad eoainly fed on detius, higher plants, and algae. The Fish species camely, E. maculatus, E. swratesis and O. masanicis belonged to the family Cichliae were omaivorous 1nd had depended mainly upon low trophic levels. The tank cleaner, P. multiadians was an omnivore that fed on more than one trephic level while P, muknadiaas mainly fed upon detritus, green algae and blue green algae, Tt had also fed on eggs of aquatic organisms, diatoms, insets and copepods, The volumetric proportions of food items identified in the stomach content of the fish species found ia the Polgaha wewa and volumetic proportions OF food items of fish species recorded fom the secondary sources were given inthe Tables 3 snd 4, spectively. Figure 1 exhibits dictary variation among all the sixteen fish species as given by Peincipal ‘Component Analysis (PCA; Gauch, 1982), According to the PCA P. muinadis, T. patra, 0. masambins and P. flamertsus could be grouped into one square showing thee relative sieilasie in food habs, 10s,Proc ofthe Nac Sompeion oma Aion Sis 45 2068) (on 8 Ne) Sr Lana Aaa for he hace f Skee Results and Discussion ight Ssh species were eaugh fom Polgaha wews, Ragan (Table 2), P. mbes was observed in the Polgaha weva and it inflow and outow earls. Onocomis masombias, Pais lamiss an . maka were the ost abundane species found dung te study period. From the sh species found in this stay O. stm and P. murda wore alien species while Z muna, E sens, R. dates Pflameooy, M, gu were indigenous. The ditcy data for Ls bit, ©. wii, Mitts, D. malaria, Atti Cel, 6 tris aT. potas were obuined through secondary sources. ‘The gut content of fish species consisted with blue green alge, green algae, detitus, diatom, macrophytes and crustcean and insects particles. According to the volametsic proportions of food R. danza was mainly feeding on detrinas ond insects part, P, lawmnosc and P. bas bad eoainly fed on detius, higher plants, and algae. The Fish species camely, E. maculatus, E. swratesis and O. masanicis belonged to the family Cichliae were omaivorous 1nd had depended mainly upon low trophic levels. The tank cleaner, P. multiadians was an omnivore that fed on more than one trephic level while P, muknadiaas mainly fed upon detritus, green algae and blue green algae, Tt had also fed on eggs of aquatic organisms, diatoms, insets and copepods, The volumetric proportions of food items identified in the stomach content of the fish species found ia the Polgaha wewa and volumetic proportions OF food items of fish species recorded fom the secondary sources were given inthe Tables 3 snd 4, spectively. Figure 1 exhibits dictary variation among all the sixteen fish species as given by Peincipal ‘Component Analysis (PCA; Gauch, 1982), According to the PCA P. muinadis, T. patra, 0. masambins and P. flamertsus could be grouped into one square showing thee relative sieilasie in food habs, 10s,Proceeding of the Nasional Spar on Ina Alen Species (4S 2008) ‘Maal Wh, Lana seat fr he homme of Skene Peshiyagoda, R. (1994). Threats to she indigenous fresh water Sshes of Soi Lanka and remarks on ther conservation, Hydhobiaegia 285: 189-201, Pethiyegoda, R. (1999) Fishes in trouble, The decline and fll of Si Lanka's fesh water fish fauna. Lars, 22(2)56-62 Pict, GJ, Pet, 1S, Garage, WAILP, Viverberg J. and Vao Denten, WALT. (1995 Resouee partoning along thee niche dimensions in 4 sve sractred tropical ish assemblage. Canaan era of fbr ond Aaa ins S124 1254 Rainbow P. (1998), Impacts of invasion by alien species, Jounal of Zong, 246:247-248, Ross, 8. (1986), Resource partitioning in fish assemblages; A review of fed sui. Copia 2: 382-388 Ross, 8. (1991), Mechanisms structing steam fish assemblages; are there lessons from introduced species? Entomnntal Biol offer. 30, 359-368 ‘Shocner, T1W. (1974). Resource pasting in ecologies! communities. Sime 185: 27-39, \Wijernine, MJ and Perera W.MLD.S.K 2001). Tropical inteelationships among the exotic and indigenous fish ea- occuring in some reservoirs in Sei Lanks, Ason fre Seems. Ui pp 333342 uoProce ofthe Nation! ympasnon ease li Spies 4S 2008) (Marla MM. 2), Sr Lanks Asean othe hana of Skene ‘Table 2. Fish species considered in the present study, their common names and status Family Species Seana “Common names (Ginhala/ English) Bagridae Myst ao (MG) Indigenous Long whiskers eats, anguuwa My sitates (MN) Indigenous Seiped dwarf cash, angulwa Cichildae pls macula (EM) Indigenous Orange chromide, Kaha kona Enaplas sates ES) Indigenous Greenchromi, Is kona Onocbromis msambizes (OM) ‘Nien (Ia) Mozambique tapia Onvctromisibtiar (ON) ‘Aen (Io) Nile tlapin Cyptinide Pantin flementaas (PF) Indigenous Dankola peta Pantin deraas @D) Tndigenous Katu koorya ashore dais (RD) Indigenous Dandiya Cala catl (CC) ‘Alien (In) Catla Danis malabaras (DM) Indigenous Malabar dao Labia rebite (LR) ‘Aen (ls) Roba Lowicaridae Prepwpbtbys maliradatus(PM) Alien (Ac) Sucker mouth catfish , Tank cleaner Gobidae lagi gris (GG) Indigenous Tank goby Osphronemidae Todas edoras (FP) ‘Aen (I) Saakeskin gourami Anabansdae Anais tatudines (ST) Indigenous Climbing perch, Kewaiira Ta Tntentonally introduced ‘Ac ~ Accidentally introduced‘Proceedngs ofthe National Spero Invasive don Speles 14S 2008) (Mans MWe) Se Lankan othe Aone of Ses ‘Table 3. Volumetric proportions ("4) of food items of fish species found in Polgaha wewa (Abbreviations are given in the Tables 1 and 2) Fah sBEeos PD MG PM BGA 39.60 420 13.00 4.00 258 1590 10.20 27.00 25.0 650 3.60 6.60 35.56 830 1.80 28.40) DIA MAG 240 230 010 220 020 18.30 0104780 019139 om 1590 00 aa 190750 NS 030 1740 5.10 40 1448 5.80 3470 190 DET 2850 6890 3220 3020 1647 39.60 3150 29.70 EGG 170 0.20 1.60 0.00 059 3.60 13.0 2.00 COPE 04 000 259 0.00 873 1030 850 1.60 ‘Table 4. The volumettie proportions of food categories obtained from the secondary sources (Aniarasinghe eral, (2003); Wijeratne and Perera (2001), (Abbreviations are given inthe Tables | and 2) BGK Gk—DIK NAC INE Fish Sp ON 0000002402800 cc 0001.70 5.00.00 GG ac om 00 5.00 DM 000 900m. 91.00, MV 400 400200000 43.00 TR 0004002001300 6.00 AT = 100 200 1.00 on 77.00, TP 1300 1200 600 tn 3.00 DET 2850 66.00 00 3.00 4600 68.00 20.00 EGS 170 0.00 2.00 100 4.00 0.00 0 0.00 COPE 00 1800 1.00 100 00 200 2.00 ‘The first two Principal Component values set according to the volumetic proportions of food items indicated with eigen values greater than one (208, 1.66) and represeated 46.8% uoProceding ofthe National Sparano asd Species (AS 2008 (anvala’S Me, St Lanka Asotin forthe Adamant of See of che cumlative variance (Table 5). PC-1 constituted with 26.1% of the vasance (eigen. value 084), Positive seores on PC-1 were associated with insect parts, The positive loating was observed had for fish species such as G. gr, A. tatudineu, D. molabarios, M. vitae sod Mg, The negative scores of PC 1 were associated with blue green algae, green alga, detinus and diatom, The species such as E, maclatas, C. etl, R.dansnins, O, nits and P. dials showed negutive seores for PC-L ‘Score Plot of BGA, 1, COPE BB AZS| econ 5353293558 Figure 1. The plot of Principal Component Analysis of PC-l and PC-2 for the gut contents of P. multradiatus and other fish species. (Abbreviations ae given ia the Tables 1 and 2) “The PC-2 which had an eigen value 1.66 accounted for 46.8 % ofthe variance. The species such as P. filaments, P.madiadatu, O. mosis and T. prooras bad higher postive scores and ths positive loading was influenced by blue green algse, insects, diatom and green algae. The greater negative scores were associated with macrophytes and detriea. High negative scores for PC-2 were also reported for E, mult, O. noo and, P dora, utProceding ofthe Natlonal Spas on Imvaxve cn Species (14 208) (anwala’S MW 00S Lane dasecation for te Aahonsmet of Seem ‘The sixteen fish species observed in this study including P. mulinadiatur were clustered according to their consumed volumetric proportions of food items (Figure 2). This sixteen fish species were clustered in to two groups at 34.48% similarity level according to the Bray- (Curtis similay index (Bray — Curis, 1957) based on the volumetic proportions of the food. Diets of P, mltraiatns, O. moscambious and T; pecoras were grouped together in the cluster dendogram, indicates that these thre fish species share almost similar feeding ranges ‘with blue green alge, green algae and detstus. ‘Table 5. Eigen values, percentage variance explained and coefficient of the principal component analysis of seven food items of fish species, 5a ee Ra igen value 2.0841 1.6622 15176 1.0491 0.8346 Proportion 0.261, 0.208 0.190 0131 0.104 Cumulative 0261 0.468 0.658 0.789 0.893 Food items BGA 0455 0.406 0163 010 0331 GA 0314 0401 0.100 0528 0343, DIA 0.354 0.291 0.460 0342 0.030 MAC 0.125 0.509 0.125 0.483 0.535, INS 0.629 0.260 0.100 0124 0.006 DET 0380 0819 0.169 0.468 0.196 EGG -0.013 0134 0379 0364 0505 cop oe 0.264 0.602, 0.053 0.438 (Abbreviations are given inthe Table 1) m2Prceadings ofthe Nationa Sesion nasi Aen Spies (AS 2008), (arate Eo, Lana Asati for he atonement Skene my al 2 a é oy VEGSSSSCERSEEREE Figure 2, Dendogram of Cluster analysis ofthe dietary volumetric distribution of the sixteen fish species including P. multiadiatus according to the ‘Bray-Curtis similarity index (Bray ~ Cutis, 1957). (Abbreviations are given in the Tables 1 and 2) Shoener’s index showed high dietary ovedap becween P, mlradiats with 0. mossambicu (689%), P. desu (67.5%) and with T. putoralis 65.8%) (Figure 3, Table 6) while R anions, . maclatas, P. filaments, Mo, M, situs, C. eta, Tria, rates and ©. mits bad modemte dietary overlap with P. muliadians. Low dietary ovetla was observed between P. muliradiatus with A, uineu (262%) and with D. malaria (8.4%), ‘The gph offoodoverap Vos specles nota dgeegez23ass Fish species Figure 3. Percentage distribution of dietary ovelap between P. mulkradieus with miProce oft Natal Spano ate on Sci (AS 209, (Mamale'SMB S Laa Aocaton forthe avon of Soe Fish species such as. matombine and other Oncdromi spp. have a high commercial valve {in inland fishesics industry mainly in Asia and Afvea. The fesh water commercial fishery in Sri Lanka is almost entirely based on these saps that account about 90% of the landings (Amarssinghe, 1998). According o the results O, mastambcu and T: partir high dietary ‘overlap with P. maliuditus, Thecefore, a possible ange expansion of P. mutaditu in to ‘ther inland water bodies and steams may impose a thee tothe inland fisheries industry of the country. Most of she natural steams and iigstion canals ia the country are fneerconnected during ruiny season and further range expansion of P. maltiiomr expected, Dies of the P. mitadians reflect characteristic omnivorous feeding habit by baving wide spectrum of food items ranging from vatious types of plankton to invertebrates and plants, Its ao proven from the present study, that P malian ie a exryphagous feeder Ge- feeding on a wide range of organisms). This explains the high feeding plasticity ofthe P. ‘multiraiatn, It should be empbasized that the feeding behavior of endemic stone socker, Gaara ceosens is very much simile to the invasive P. mubirsdtats. “Tis soggest that the range expansion of P. wulinaiatr may also be a threat to the existence of endemic fish species in Sei Lana. {tis a common ecological phenomenon that when the babiats are akered new species cemesge replacing at least some of the existing species resulting in species succession (Wijeyneatne af, 2001). Therefore, with the present sate of aquatic habitat alteration, the ‘ative ichthyofauna of Sei Lanka will be adversely affected and new species such as F. ‘muliraiatu wil ake thie place in such kabitats. As this is the fst study on feeding habits of this species, no comparative reference can be made, However, it i t easly wo know the Soa impacts ofthe invasion of feesh watee aquatic ecosystems by Palins, Therefore foher study on other ecological aspects and its effects on the community structure ate bighly recommended. References Amansinghe, US, (1998), Reservoir Fishers Management in Sei Lanka Achievements, ‘Mistakes ad Lessons for Future. Intemational Rew of Hydnbigy, 83 Special Issue); 523-530, 16rch! Spain on rai en re 48208), (ana it: Lotsa orem Acingtos, AH (1991). Ecological and genetic impacts ofntroduced and translocated fresh water shes in Australi. Canaan joer of Fit and Agnat Some, 48 (Sapp) 3 “3 Bambaadeniya, Phanayake CNB, SP. and Gunawardens J. (1998), Pir aberrations o” he tts fbn Iai iti nase! estos of Sf Lambs, IUCN, 8 Lanka Bembandeniya, Mecpiskumbun CNB, MPB, Fhanayake SP. and Guoawardens J (1998). Biodiveccy of Sei Lanks and che growing test of invasive bios. Lorrsa(@) 222- 20 (Ghacke KAR, Gorley RI (2001 & 2006) PRIMER v5 (8 v6: Uer manual ori, PRIMER. E, Piymouth UK, 91pp (8192p) ‘Clot, M. (1995), Introduced species: The greatest theat to global biodiversity, Spas 24 3436 Coustney.W.R & Met G.K. (1989). Small shes in range places; review of inrodced poccilids. In: Ean ad Elton of Litbvarig fies (Poi (Ras, GK. Mefle & FE. Soelson),pp:319.33. Prentice Hell, Englewood cls, NJ. CCowei RH. 2002). Apple sais (Ampullaridae) as agricultural pest. Their biology, impacts and management In: Mlle ar onp fst, (Ba. G. M Basket), Wallingford (UK): CCABI publishing, p 145-192 Grow, TA, Townsend\CR7 Melniosh A.R(1992). The impact of introdced beown aed ‘inbow trout on native Fish: the case of Astras, Rei inf Bike nd ice, 25 217-281 Gauch, H.G. (1982), Moira Anais it Comm aay Cambridge Univesity Press, New YorkProceedings of he National Sympasium on Inasv Alen Spel (AS 2008, (Mavala ad) St Lane Associaton forte Advancement of Sence Gunawardana, J. 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(1996 2). Fish invasions in California: do abiotic factors determine success. Ecol. 77: 1666-1670, Moyle P.B. and Marchetti MP. (1998). Application of indices of biotic integrity to California Streams and Watersheds. In: Avesing the sustainability and Bioeical Inherit of Water Retonrer Using fish cman (Ba. TP. Simo), pp 367-380 Page LM. and Robins RLH.(2006).Jdentifcation of Saifin Catfishes (Teleostis Loscaridae), in Southeastern Asia. The Rafls Buti of Zoology 54(2)485-487 usProceeding of the Nasional Spar on Ina Alen Species (4S 2008) ‘Maal Wh, Lana seat fr he homme of Skene Peshiyagoda, R. (1994). Threats to she indigenous fresh water Sshes of Soi Lanka and remarks on ther conservation, Hydhobiaegia 285: 189-201, Pethiyegoda, R. (1999) Fishes in trouble, The decline and fll of Si Lanka's fesh water fish fauna. Lars, 22(2)56-62 Pict, GJ, Pet, 1S, Garage, WAILP, Viverberg J. and Vao Denten, WALT. (1995 Resouee partoning along thee niche dimensions in 4 sve sractred tropical ish assemblage. Canaan era of fbr ond Aaa ins S124 1254 Rainbow P. (1998), Impacts of invasion by alien species, Jounal of Zong, 246:247-248, Ross, 8. (1986), Resource partitioning in fish assemblages; A review of fed sui. Copia 2: 382-388 Ross, 8. (1991), Mechanisms structing steam fish assemblages; are there lessons from introduced species? Entomnntal Biol offer. 30, 359-368 ‘Shocner, T1W. (1974). Resource pasting in ecologies! communities. Sime 185: 27-39, \Wijernine, MJ and Perera W.MLD.S.K 2001). Tropical inteelationships among the exotic and indigenous fish ea- occuring in some reservoirs in Sei Lanks, Ason fre Seems. Ui pp 333342 uo