ENGLISH PROJECT

 Certificate
 `Acknowledgment
 Index – intro,
 objective – This study aims to study the different aspects of the
sexual exploitation of children
 INTRODUCTION
In the present day, almost all members of any community across the globe
are negatively affected by various social issues. As a matter of fact,
throughout history, infants and children have permanently been among the
most vulnerable to discrimination and powerless members of society.  In the
past, children were traditionally regarded as their parents’ property and
completely depended on their decisions. In the present day, although the
majority of attitudes in developed countries are more liberal, children remain
potentially affected by multiple social problems including family instability,
maltreatment by family members, relatives, and other caregivers, poverty, and
sexual exploitation.
Many factors contribute to child sexual exploitation. Poverty, social exclusion, and
family breakdown can make children more vulnerable to exploitation. Children who
have experienced abuse or neglect are also at a higher risk of being exploited. In
addition, the rise of technology and social media has made it easier for predators to
target children online.
SEXUAL EXPLOITATION
Child sexual exploitation is a serious issue that affects many children worldwide. It refers to
any sexual activity with a child that is performed by an adult or an older child. This can
involve physical contact, such as touching or penetration, or non-physical acts, such as
grooming or exposure to pornography. Child sexual exploitation is a form of child abuse that
is often kept hidden and can have serious long-term effects on the child's physical and
emotional health.

The perpetrators of child sexual exploitation can be anyone, including family members,
friends, teachers, or strangers. They often use manipulation and coercion to gain the child's
trust and silence, making it difficult for the child to come forward and report the abuse. This
can lead to the abuse continuing for years, causing significant harm to the child's
development and well-being.

FORMS OF SEXUAL EXPLOITATION

Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a form of child abuse where a child is manipulated or
coerced into taking part in sexual activity. There are many different forms of CSE, each with
its characteristics and risks.
One form of CSE is grooming, where an adult builds a relationship with a child to gain their
trust, often to exploit them sexually. This can involve giving the child gifts or attention, and
gradually increasing the level of contact until the child is involved in sexual activity.

Another form of CSE is online exploitation, where children are targeted through the internet
or social media. This can include grooming but also involves the distribution of child
pornography or the coercion of children into taking explicit photos or videos of themselves.

Child trafficking is another form of CSE, where children are moved across borders or within
countries for exploitation, including sexual exploitation. This can involve abduction,
deception, or coercion, and can have serious physical and psychological impacts on the child.

Child sexual abuse can also occur within a family or close community, where a child is
abused by a family member or someone they know and trust. This can involve physical or
emotional pressure, threats, or violence, and can have long-term effects on the child's mental
and physical health.

It is important to understand the different forms of CSE to identify and prevent it from
happening. Education and awareness-raising campaigns can help to increase understanding of
the issue, while effective safeguarding measures can help to protect children from harm. If
you suspect that a child is being sexually exploited, it is important to report it to the relevant
authorities to protect the child and prevent further abuse.

EFFECTS OF CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION

Child sexual exploitation is a heinous crime that can have devastating effects on a child's
physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. The impact of such exploitation can last a
lifetime, affecting the child's ability to form healthy relationships, trust others, and lead a
fulfilling life.

One of the most immediate effects of child sexual exploitation is physical harm. Children
who are sexually exploited are at risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections,
unwanted pregnancies, and physical injuries. They may also suffer from malnutrition, sleep
deprivation, and substance abuse as a result of their exploitation.

The psychological effects of child sexual exploitation are equally devastating. Children who
are exploited may experience feelings of shame, guilt, and low self-worth. They may also
suffer from depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In many cases,
these children may also develop a distorted sense of sexuality, which can lead to further
confusion and distress.

In addition to the immediate effects, child sexual exploitation can have long-term
consequences. Studies have shown that survivors of child sexual exploitation are more likely
to struggle with addiction, engage in criminal behavior, and experience chronic health
problems. They are also more likely to experience homelessness, poverty, and social
isolation.

It is important to recognize that child sexual exploitation is a complex issue that requires a
multi-faceted response. This includes prevention efforts, early intervention and support for
victims, and strong legal consequences for offenders. By working together, we can help to
prevent the devastating effects of child sexual exploitation and provide support and healing
for those who have been impacted.

Identify the signs

 Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a serious form of abuse that affects children and young
people. It's important to be aware of the signs of CSE so that you can identify it and take
action to protect children and young people from harm.

The signs of CSE can be subtle, so it's important to be vigilant and look out for any changes
in a child's behavior or appearance. Some of the signs of CSE include:

1. Withdrawing from friends and family

2. Being secretive or evasive about where they are going or who they are with

3. Having unexplained gifts or money

4. Suddenly having a new, older friend or boyfriend/girlfriend

5. Skipping school or poor attendance

6. Changes in behavior, such as becoming aggressive or anxious

7. Signs of physical abuse, such as bruises or injuries

8. Signs of emotional abuse, such as low self-esteem or self-harm

9. Being sexually active at a young age

10. Being taken to parties or gatherings with older people

If you notice any of these signs, it's important to take action to protect the child. You can
report your concerns to the police or social services, or speak to a specialist organisation like
the NSPCC for advice and support.

In case a child talks to you about sexual abuse it is

critical to:
RESPOND WITH CARE AND URGENCY

If you think a child is trying to tell you about a sexually abusive situation, respond promptly
and with care. Police and children's social care have joint working arrangements for
responding to suspected child sexual abuse. They are experienced in this work and will deal
sensitively with the child and family.

BELIEVE IN THE CHILD

If a child trusts you enough to tell you about abuse, you must remember that they rarely lie
about such things. Although it may be challenging to believe that someone we trust or care
about is capable of sexually abusing a child, it's highly unlikely that a child would
deliberately make false accusations about adult-like sexual behaviors.

The pressure on children to keep silent is enormous. It takes tremendous courage to talk about
abuse. It is common for a child to claim that sexual abuse did not occur (when it did) or to
take back disclosure of the abuse. Sometimes the child's account of what happened changes
or evolves. This is a common disclosure pattern and should not invalidate their story.

BE SUPPORTIVE

It is critical that they feel supported - don't dismiss their claims or put them off talking about
them.

STAY CALM

Don't get angry or upset if they talk to you about it. Stay calm and steady. If you get angry
the child may think you are intending to punish them - this will play into the hands of the
person who sexually abused the child, who might have warned the child not to tell. If the
child fears you will become upset or distressed they are less likely to disclose to protect you
emotionally.

BE CARING

Make sure the child knows you love them and that they have done nothing wrong - and keep
telling them. The child will need to see that adults believe in them and protect them. Make
sure the child knows they were right to talk about it and that you are glad they came to you.

FACE THE PROBLEM

When the abuse is known, adults must face the problem honestly, protect the child at all
costs, and place responsibility appropriately on the person who committed the abuse.

 What Are the Laws

India is the second most populous country in the world and home to 430 million children.
This means 42% of India's total population. Out of the entire children population, 50% of the
population is under care and protection i.e., protection from child sexual abuse. Child sexual
abuse includes rape, sexual harassment, etc. Is a problem that has become a growing concern
in India.

 It is a fact that millions of boys and girls are sexually abused within and outside their homes
by relatives or known persons. In India, children are expected to obey and respect others
without questioning their actions. The impact of child sexual abuse is more serious in India
than anywhere else in the world.
Until 2012, no lawful system managed child sexual exploitation and abuse. Earlier any
mishap or case of child sexual exploitation or abuse was prosecuted under sections 354, 375,
377, and 509 of the Indian Penal Code.

Section 354 manages assault or criminal force upon a woman with the intent to molest her.

Section 374 describes unlawful labor as "Whoever unlawfully compels someone to labor

against his will shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term up to one
year, or with a fine, or with both.”

Section 509 deals with words, gestures, or acts intended to abuse a woman's decorum.

Section 377 deals with unnatural offenses.

The pornographic cases were dealt with under the Children (Harmful Publication) Act, 1956

What is the POSCO Act?

The Act considers a child less than 18 years old. It characterizes distinctive types of sexual
abuse, including penetrative and non-penetrative attacks, as well as lewd behavior and
explicit actions.

The POSCO Act also mandates that the police act as child defenders during investigations. In
this case, the police must accept a report of sexual abuse of a child instantly. They are also
obliged to take good care of the child and ensure its safety until the case is presented before a
magistrate.

Arrangements under the POSCO Act

 As soon as the issue is reported to the police, within 24 hours, the case will be
exhibited before the Child Welfare Committee.
 The sufferer's words and explanations should be recorded in his or her home or most
loved place only by a female police member.
 This demonstration also provides a fast trial and procedures to guarantee secrecy.
 The minor should not be brought to court repeatedly. He or she might be supported by
a video call from home.
 The medicinal examination must be led by a female specialist, within sight of a man
the child trusts.

Punishments listed under POSCO Act

 For penetration rape, the sentence is at least seven years. This can be extended up to
life in prison alongside a fine under section 4 of the POSCO Act.
 Aggravated rape carried out by a man of trust or expert like a cop under subsection 6
would be given at least ten years. It can be stretched out up to the point of life
imprisonment and a fine.
  For the non-penetrative rape allegedly committed by a man with a sexual plan, he will
be behind bars for three years and can be sentenced to 5 years imprisonment under
section 10 of the POSCO Act.
 Under Article 10, if the sexual act is performed by any relative or close relative, it
would be dealt with five years behind bars. This can stretch up to seven years of
imprisonment on appeal.
 For any unscrupulous actions with a child, the accused will be jailed for three years.

conclusion
In conclusion, child sexual exploitation is a heinous crime that needs to be tackled with
urgency and diligence. It is a violation of children's human rights and can have long-lasting
effects on their physical and mental health. It is crucial for governments and societies to
recognize the gravity of this issue and take concrete steps to prevent and respond to cases of
child sexual exploitation.

To effectively combat child sexual exploitation, it is essential to promote awareness of this

issue and educate both children and adults about the signs and risks of exploitation. This can
be done through school education programs, community workshops, and public awareness
campaigns.

Furthermore, law enforcement agencies need to be adequately equipped to investigate cases

of child sexual exploitation and bring perpetrators to justice. This includes providing
specialized training to law enforcement personnel and establishing dedicated units to deal
with cases of child exploitation.

Finally, it is essential to provide support and care for victims of child sexual exploitation.
This includes access to medical and psychological care, as well as legal assistance and
protection.