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Khgy 303
Khgy 303
vè;k; 3
24
v{kka'k] ns'kkarj vkSj le;
i`Foh yxHkx xksys osQ leku gSA ,slk blfy, gS D;ksfa d i`Foh dh fo"kqorh; f=kT;k rFkk èkzo q h;
f=kT;k ,d leku ugha gSA i`Foh dk vius v{k ij ?kw.kZu fo"kqor o`r ij mHkkj iSnk djrk
gSA blfy, okLrfod vkdkj ,d yèo{k xksykHk osQ leku Ikzrhr gksrk gSA i`Foh osQ bl
vkdkj osQ dkj.k èkjkryh; y{k.kksa dh vofLFkfr dks tkuus esa oqQN dfBukbZ gksrh gS]
D;ksafd blij vU; fcanqvksa dh lkis{k fLFkfr dks ekius osQ fy, dksbZ lanHkZ fcanq mifLFkr
ugha gSA blfy, fofHkUu LFkkuksa dh fLFkfr dks tkuus osQ fy, Xyksc ;k ekufp=k ij
dkYifud js[kkvksa dk tky cuk;k tkrk gSA vkb,] ns[ksa ;s js[kk,¡ D;k gSa ,oa oSQls [khaph
tkrh gSa\
i`Foh osQ vius v{k ij if'pe ls iwoZ ?kw.kZu djus ls nks IkzkÑfrd lanHkZ fcanq çkIr
gksrs gSa] tks mÙkjh èkzqo ,oa nf{k.kh èkzqo gSaA ;s HkkSxksfyd fxzM (Geographical Grid) dks
vkèkkj Ikznku djrs gSaA izfrPNsnh js[kkvksa osQ tky dks Hkwi`"B ij fofHkUu èkjkryh; y{k.kksa
dh fLFkfr dks fuf'pr djus osQ mís'; ls cuk;k x;k gSA fxzM esa nks izdkj dh js[kk,¡ gSa&
{kSfrt ,oa mQèokZèkj] ftls v{kka'k lekukarj rFkk ns'kkarjh; ;kE;ksÙkj dgk tkrk gSA
{kSfrt js[kk,¡ ,d&nwljs osQ lekarj iwoZ ls if'pe fn'kk esa [khaph xbZ gSaA mÙkjh èkzqo
,oa nf{k.kh èkzqo osQ eè; [khaph xbZ js[kk dks fo"kqor o`Ùk dgk tkrk gSA ;g lcls cM+k o`Ùk
gS rFkk ;g Xyksc dks nks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vrk gSA bls c`gr o`Ùk Hkh dgk tkrk gSA vU;
lHkh lekarj js[kk,¡ fo"kqor o`Ùk ls èkzo q ksa dh vksj c<+us ls] vkuqikfrd :i ls vkdkj esa NksVh
gksrh tkrh gSa rFkk ;s i`Foh dks nks vleku Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vrh gSa] ftUgsa y?kq o`Ùk Hkh dgrs gSaA
iwoZ ls if'pe dh vksj [khaph bu dkYifud js[kkvksa dks lkekU;r% v{kka'k lekarj dgk
tkrk gSA
mÙkj ls nf{k.k fn'kk dh vksj tkus okyh yacor~ js[kk,¡ nksuksa èkzqoksa dks tksM+rh gSaA
bUgsa ns'kkarjh; ;kE;ksÙkj dgk tkrk gSA fo"kqor o`Ùk ij bu js[kkvksa osQ chp dh nwjh lcls
vfèkd gksrh gS rFkk IkzR;sd èkzqo ij ;s ,d fcanq ij fey tkrh gSaA
v{kka'k ,oa ns'kkarj js[kkvksa dks lkekU;r% HkkSxksfyd funsZ'kkad (Coordinate)
dgk tkrk gS] D;ksafd ;s js[kkvksa osQ tky dk ,d ra=k cukrh gSa] ftlij ge èkjkry osQ
fofHkUu y{k.kksa dh fLFkfr dks Ikzn£'kr dj ldrs gSaA bu funsZ'kkadks dh lgk;rk ls fofHkUu
¯cnqvksa dh vofLFkfr] nwjh rFkk fn'kk dks vklkuh ls fuèkkZfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
;|fi Xyksc ij vuar lekarj ,oa ;kE;ksÙkj js[kk,¡ [khaph tk ldrh gS]a muesa ls oqQN
pquh gqbZ js[kk,¡ gh ekufp=k ij [khaph tkrh gSaA v{kka'kksa ,oa ns'kkarjksa dks fMxzh ;k va'k (°)
esa ekirs gSa] D;ksafd ;s dks.kh; nwjh dks Ikzn£'kr djrs gSaA izR;sd fMxzh dks 60 feuV (')
esa ,oa izR;sd feuV dks 60 lsosaQM (") esa foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA
Rationalised 2023-24
v{kka'k] ns'kkarj vkSj le;
'kCnkoyh
v{kka'k lekarj % ;g fo"kqor o`Ùk osQ mÙkj ;k nf{k.k esa fLFkr fdlh ¯cnq dh dks.kh; nwjh
dks fMxzh] feuV rFkk lsosaQM esa O;Dr djrk gSA v{kka'k js[kkvksa dks izk;% lekarj js[kk,¡ Hkh
dgk tkrk gSA
ns'kkarj ;kE;ksÙkj % ;g Ikzèkku ;kE;ksÙkj (xzhufop) osQ iwoZ ;k if'pe esa fLFkr fdlh fcanq
dh dks.kh; fLFkfr dks fMxzh] feuV ,oa lsosaQM esa O;Dr djrk gSA ns'kkarj js[kkvksa dks Ikzk;%
;kE;ksÙkj dgk tkrk gSA
v{kka'k lekarj
Hkwi`"B ij fdlh LFkku dk v{kka'k ml LFkku dh og dks.kh;
nwjh gS] tks fo"kqor o`Ùk osQ mÙkj ;k nf{k.k ;kE;ksÙkj ij i`Foh
osQ osaQnz ls ekih tkrh gSA ,d gh v{kka'k ij fLFkr LFkkuksa dks
feykus okyh js[kk lekarj dgykrh gSA fo"kqor o`Ùk dk eku
0° gS ,oa èkzqoksa osQ v{kka'k 90° m- ,oa 90° n- gSa (fp=k 3-1)A
;fn v{kka'k lekarjksa dks 1° osQ varjky ij [khaprs gS]a rks mÙkjh
,oa nf{k.kh nksuksa xksyk¼ks± esa 89 v{kka'k lekarj gksaxsA bl
izdkj] fo"kqor o`Ùk dks ysdj v{kka'k lekarjksa dh oqQy la[;k
179 gksxhA fdlh LFkku dh vofLFkfr fo"kqor o`Ùk osQ mÙkj
;k nf{k.k esa gksus osQ vkèkkj ij v{kka'kksa osQ eku osQ lkFk m-
(N) ;k n- (S) fy[krs gSaA
;fn i`Foh fcYoqQy xksy gksrh rks 1° v{kka'k (;kE;ksÙkj
dk 1° pki) ,d fLFkjkad gksrk] vFkkZr~ i`Foh osQ IkzR;sd
LFkku ij bldk eku 111 fdyksehVj gksrkA ;g yackbZ fo"kqor
o`Ùk ij lHkh ns'kkarj js[kkvksa osQ ,d fMxzh osQ yxHkx leku
gSA ysfdu fo"kqor o`Ùk ls èkzqoksa dh vksj v{kka'kksa dh yackbZ esa
oqQN ifjorZu vkrk gSA fo"kqor o`Ùk ij ;g yackbZ 110-6
fdyksehVj gS] tcfd èkzqoksa ij ;g 111-7 fdyksehVj gSA
fdlh LFkku dk v{kka'k lw;Z dh rqaxrk ;k èkzqorkjs dh lgk;rk
ls fuèkkZfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
fp=k 3-1 v{kka'k lekarj
Rationalised 2023-24
Hkwxksy esa iz;ksxkRed dk;Z
dkxt ij cuk, o`Ùk osQ eè; [khaph js[kk ls fey tk,A vc 20°
n- (S) n'kkZus osQ fy, o`Ùk osQ fupys vkèks Hkkx es]a fo"kqor o`Ùk
ls 20° dk dks.k cukrs gq, iwoZ ,oa if'pe esa nks fcanq yxk,¡] tSlk
26 fd fp=k 3-2 esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA dks.k dh nksuksa Hkqtk,¡ o`Ùk osQ nks
fcanvq ksa dks dkVrh gSAa fo"kqor o`Ùk osQ lekarj js[kk [khaprs gq, bu
nks fcanv q ksa dks feyk nsAa ;g 20° n- (S) gksxkA
ns'kkarj ;kE;ksÙkj
fp=k 3-2 % v{kka'k lekarj cukuk iw.kZ o`Ùk cukus okyh v{kka'k js[kkvksa osQ foijhr] v¼Zxksykdkj
ns'kkarjh; ;kE;ksÙkj èkzqoksa ij ,d ¯cnq ij fey tkrh gSaA vxj
vkeus&lkeus osQ ;kE;ksÙkjksa dks ,d lkFk feyk fn;k tk, rks ;s
iw.kZ o`Ùk cu tkrs gSa] ysfdu budh x.kuk nks vyx&vyx
;kE;ksÙkj osQ :i esa dh tkrh gSA
;s ;kE;ksÙkj fo"kqor o`Ùk dks ledks.k ij dkVrs gSaA v{kka'k
lekarj osQ foijhr budh yackbZ leku gksrh gSA lqfoèkktud
x.kuk osQ fy, fxzfup osèk'kkyk (yanu osQ fudV) ls xqtjus
okyh ns'kkarjh; ;kE;ksÙkj dks varjkZ"Vªh; le>kSrs osQ }kjk izeq[k
;kE;ksÙkj ekuk x;k gS rFkk bls 0° dk eku fn;k x;k gSA
fdlh LFkku dk ns'kkarj ml LFkku osQ izeq[k ;kE;ksÙkj osQ
iwoZ ;k if'pe esa ml LFkku dh dks.kh; nwjh gksrh gSA bls fMxzh
esa Hkh ekik tkrk gSA ns'kkarjksa dk eku ize[q k ;kE;ksÙkj ls iwoZ rFkk
if'pe esa 0° ls 180° rd gksrk gS (fp=k 3-3)A i`Foh dk og
Hkkx] tks izeq[k ;kE;ksÙkj osQ iwoZ esa gS] mls iwohZ xksyk¼Z rFkk tks
fp=k 3-3 % ns'kkarjh; ;kE;ksÙkj if'pe esa gS] mls if'peh xksyk¼Z dgk tkrk gSA
Rationalised 2023-24
v{kka'k] ns'kkarj vkSj le;
gSa] rks vc vkiosQ ck;ha vksj iwoZ ,oa nkfguh vksj if'pe fn'kk
gksxhA vc fp=k 3-5 osQ vuqlkj 45° iw- (E) ,oa i- (W)
;kE;ksÙkj [khapsA blosQ fy, vki pkank dks yacor~ js[kk osQ lkFk
0° rFkk 180° ;kE;kÙkjksa dks feykrs gq, j[ksa rFkk nksuksa rjiQ 45°
dks ekisa tks fd Øe'k% vkiosQ ck;ha ,oa nkfguh vksj 45° iw-
(E) ,oa 45° i- (W) ;kE;ksÙkjksa dks n'kkZ,xkA ;g fp=k i`Foh
dk og :Ik IkzLrqr djsxk tSlk mÙkjh èkzqo osQ Bhd Åij ls
fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
1- v{kka'k] fo"kqor o`Ùk osQ mÙkj ;k nf{k.k ns'kkarj] fo"kqor o`Ùk osQ lkFk cuh og
esa fLFkr fdlh ¯cnq dh dks.kh; nwjh dks.kh; nwjh gS] ftls fMxzh esa ekik
gS] ftls fMxzh esa ekik tkrk gSA tkrk gSA bls fxzfup osQ iwoZ ;k if'pe
0° ls 180° rd ekik tkrk gSA
2- lHkh v{kka'k fo"kqor o`Ùk osQ lekarj ns'kkarj osQ lHkh ;kE;ksÙkj èkzqoksa ij
gksrs gSaA feyrs gSaA
3- Xyksc ij v{kka'k lekarj o`Ùk osQ leku lHkh ;kE;ksÙkj o`Ùk osQ leku izrhr
Ikzrhr gksrs gSaA gksrs gSa] tks èkzqoksa ls xqtjrs gSaA
4- nks v{kka'kksa osQ chp dh nwjh yxHkx 111 ;kE;ksÙkjksa osQ chp dh nwjh fo"kqor o`Ùk
fdyksehVj gksrh gSA ij vfèkdre (111-3 fdyksehVj)
rFkk èkzqoksa ij U;wure (0 fdyksehVj)
gksrh gSA eè; esa vFkkZr~ 45° v{kka'k
ij ;g 79 fdyksehVj gksrh gSA
5- 0° v{kka'k dks fo"kqoRk o`Ùk ,oa 90° ns'kkarj 360° osQ gksrs gSa] tks Ikzeq[k
dks èkzqo dgk tkrk gSA ;kE;ksÙkj ls iwoZ ,oa if'pe nksuksa vksj
180° esa c¡Vs gksrs gaSA
6- fo"kqor o`Ùk ls èkzqo dh vksj v{kka'kksa ns'kkarjksa dk mi;ksx Ikzeq[k ;kE;ksÙkj osQ
dk mi;ksx rkieaMyksa osQ fuèkkZj.k esa lkis{k LFkkuh; le; dks fuèkkZfjr 27
gksrk gSA tSls] 0° ls 23½° rd mÙkj djus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
;k nf{k.k m".k dfVcaèk] 23½° ls
66½° rd 'khrks".k dfVcaèk rFkk
66½° ls 90° rd 'khr dfVcaèkA
Rationalised 2023-24
Hkwxksy esa iz;ksxkRed dk;Z
mnkgj.k 2 % tc fxzfup ij nksigj osQ 12 cts gksa] rks 90° if'pe ns'kkarj ij fLFkr U;w
vkSjfy;sal (vDVwcj 2005 esa oSQVjhuk rwiQku ls lcls vfèkd IkzHkkfor gksus okyk {ks=k) dk
LFkkuh; le; D;k gksxk\
izdFku % Ikzeq[k ;kE;ksÙkj osQ if'pe esa Ikzfr 1° ns'kkarj ij le; 4 feuV dh nj ls ?kVrk gSA
gy % fxzfup ,oa U;w vkSjfy;sal osQ chp dk varj = 90° ns'kkarj
le; dk oqQy varj = 90 × 4 = 360 feuV
= 360/60 = 6 ?kaVk
blfy, U;w&vkSjfy;sal dk LFkkuh; le; fxzfup ls 6 ?kaVk de ;kuh iwokZÉ osQ 6 cts
dk gksxkA
blh izdkj fo'o osQ fdlh Hkh LFkku dk le; Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fdlh ns'k dh
lhekvksa osQ Hkhrj ;FkklaHko le; esa ,d:irk cuk, j[kus osQ fy, ml ns'k osQ osaQnzh; ;kE;ksÙkj
dks ml ns'k dk ekud ;kE;ksÙkj ekuk tkrk gS rFkk mlosQ LFkkuh; le; dks ns'k dk ekud le;
ekuk tkrk gSA ekud ;kE;ksÙkj dk pquko bl rjg fd;k tkrk gS fd ;s 150° ;k 7°30' }kjk
foHkkftr gksa] rkfd ekud le; ,oa fxzfup ekè; le; osQ chp osQ varj dks 1 ;k vkèks ?kaVs
osQ xq.kd osQ :Ik esa crk;k tk losQA
Hkkjr osQ ekud le; dk fuèkkZj.k 82°30' iw- (E) ls fd;k tkrk gS] tks fd fe”kkZiqj ls
xqtjrh gSA vr% Hkkjrh; ekud le; (IST) fxzfup ekè; le; (GMT) ls 5-30 ?kaVs vkxs gSA
(82°30' × 4)÷ (60 feuV) = 5 ?kaVs 30 feuVA blh Ikzdkj] fo'o osQ lHkh ns'k viuh
Rationalised 2023-24
v{kka'k] ns'kkarj vkSj le;
Ikz'kklfud lhekvksa osQ Hkhrj ,d ekud ;kE;ksÙkj r; djosQ vius ns'k osQ LFkkuh; le; dk
fuèkkZj.k djrs gSaA iwoZ&if'pe esa vfèkd foLrkj okys ns'k ,d ls vfèkd ekud ;kE;ksÙkj pqu
ldrs gSa] tSlk fd :l] dukMk rFkk la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa gSA fo'o dks 24 VkbEk ”kksu esa
foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS (fp=k 3-6)A
Rationalised 2023-24
Hkwxksy esa iz;ksxkRed dk;Z
vH;kl
1. fuEufyf[kr Ikz'uksa osQ mÙkj yxHkx 30 'kCnksa esa nsa %
30 (i) i`Foh ij nks Ikzko`Qfrd lanHkZ ¯cnq dkSu&ls gSa\
(ii) c`gr o`Ùk D;k gS\
(iii) funsZ'kkad D;k gS\
(iv) lw;Z iwoZ ls if'pe tkrk gqvk D;ksa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS\
(v) LFkkuh; le; ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\
fozQ;kdyki
1. ,Vyl dh lgk;rk ls fuEufyf[kr LFkkuksa dks [kkstdj muosQ v{kka'k ,oa ns'kkarj fy[ksaA
LFkku v{kka'k ns'kkarj
(i) eqacbZ
(ii) oykWfnoksLrksd
a
(iii) oSQjks
(iv) U;w;kWdZ
(v) vksVkok
(vi) tsusok
(vii) tksgkulcxZ
(viii) flMuh
2. tc izeq[k ;kE;ksÙkj ij fnu osQ 10 cts gksa] rks fuEufyf[kr 'kgjksa esa D;k le; gksxk\
(i) fnYyh
(ii) yanu
(iii) Vksfd;ks
(iv) isfjl
(v) oSQjks
(vi) ekWLdks
Rationalised 2023-24