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Studia Tertullianea IV. De Tertulliani Apologetico bis edito. By G.

TH6RNELL. Uppsala: Lundequist, 1926. Pp. 154.
The constitutionof the text of Tertullian'sApologeticum rests uponthree
severalsources: (a) the generalconsensusof nearlyall the extantMSS, estab-
lishing what is called the "Vulgate";(b) two copies of a recensionby Fr.
Modius of a now long lost Fulda MS; (c) for chapters38-40.2, a MS from
Rheinau,now in the Zurichlibrary. Almost all possibletheorieshave been
advancedconcerningthe origin of these three recensions.Mr. Th6rnell'sis
that someChristianfriendof Tertulliangot holdof a copyof the Apologeticum
before the author had polishedit up, and this thief publishedthe treatise
either without Tertullian'sknowledgeor against his will. This surreptitious
publicationis the source of the Fulda text. Tertullianproceededwith the
carefulrevisionof his primarydraft, and finallyissuedit as the one authentic
edition. This is the sourceof the Vulgatetext. A similaract of thieverywas
perpetratedin the case of the tract aduersusMarcionem,and Tertulliancom-
plainedof it in his prefaceto that work. He did not act in similarfashionwith
regard to the Apologeticumbecause that treatise was for the eyes of the
heathen, and it would be inadvisableto display before them the fraud of
one Christianagainst another.-The Rheinau fragmentwas a provisional
sketch by Tertullianhimself of the chaptersconcerned.This he afterward
discarded,or workedits matter into the appropriateparts of his discourse
elsewherein the finishedtreatise. But the thief purloinedthis fragmentalso,
and, misunderstandingits nature,insertedit into his illegitimatetext where
he thought it best fitted; hence its preservationin the context of the Fulda
tradition,and not of the Vulgate.
E. T. M.

Sprachlicher Bedeutungswandel bei Tertullian. By W. J. TEEUWEN.

Paderborn: Sch6ningh, 1926. Pp. xvi+147, 8vo.
An extremelyinterestingand valuablestudy of Tertullian'sLatin, which
the authorinsists shouldbe calledChristianLatin, but shouldnot be treated
as identical with ChurchLatin. Tertullian'sLatin is neitherliterary Latin
nor popularLatin, but a mixtureof both, with the additionsand modifica-
tions due to the new Christianideas. Thesebroughtin both new words,some
of them borrowingsfrom the Greek-Christian vocabulary,othersnew forma-
tions from already established (and Christianized)Latin words, and espe-
cially changes in the meaning of old words in a Christiandirection.Ter-
tullian's variety of ChristianLatin is affectedalso by his bringingup in an
official'sfamily, by his early legal training,and by his changefrom Catholi-
cism to Montanism. The index to the many words examinedseverally by
Dr. Teeuwenfills elevenpagesof fine print.
E. T. M.

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