hon it comes to powering electric vehicles (EVs)
thium=on batteres (13s) are the front runners globally.
They offer higher specific energy (energy stored per un t
mass} and longer lifetimes compared to olher battery
technologies available on the market. The storage
comand for the EV sector in Ing'a Is expected to reach
900-2,300 GWh (tor two-wheelers, four-wheelers, and
buses) oy 2080—considering a 30% EV penetration. Its,
thus essential to understand he existing and emerging
LIB technologies ava lable today, especially cons dering
the Gavernment oF India's (Gols) Make in India inttiativ.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BATTERIES MANUFACTURED
IN INDIA
For battery modules, the portant characteristics are
cost, safety, cell voltage, specific energy, lifetime,
material availab ty, and recycling capability
Presently, the cost of different oattery chem stries used in
EVs is in the range af 200-800 USD/