PRETEST: What do | already know? Write “C” if a sentence has the correct verb form and “I” for incorrect. Check your answers below. After you complete each chart listed, make any necessary corrections. 1, —_The storm will starts after midnight. It is going to last through the morning. (3-1) - —— Wendy is going to apply to an electrical engineering program. (3-1 and 3-2) . —— Something’s wrong. The lights won’t turn on. (3-2) - —— As soon as the snow will stop, we will leave. (3-3) | 2. 3 4. 5. —_The train gets in at midnight tomorrow. (3-4) 6, When you get home, I will be sleeping. (3-5) 1. - —— By the time Violet retires, she will has worked as a nurse for 40 years. (3-6) LAPT svouemes wauoouy | EXERCISE 1> Warm-up. (Chart 3-1) Complete the sentences with words from the right column. 1, The weather _______ be hot tomorrow. a. to 2. Athena___ going to go to the beach. b. is 3. She will ___a relaxing day. c. are 4. Sergio and Yanni ______ going to join her in the afternoon. d. will 5. They are going _______come home after sunset. . have Future Time 53cS imple Futur. Forms of Wi (a) twill snow tomorrow. will (c) The weather will turn cold tonight. IcoRRECT The weather wils-turn cold. icoRRecT. The weather will turns-cold. iconrécr: The weather will turn cold, (0) tei not warm up or several days (@) The snow won't melt soon. " (£) Will it be icy tomorrow? How will you get here? (9) Spoken or written: It! be cold (h) Spoken: Tom'll shovel the snow. Whitten: Tom will shovel the snow. (i). Spoken or very informal writing: ‘Nobody'l be out That'll be strange. There'll probably be some accidents. Be Going To (4) Snow is going to continue all week. ‘The roads are going to be icy. (k) Informally spoken: Snow's gonna continue all week. (1) Fm not going to go out ((m) Is the storm going to be dangerous? (b) Itis going to snow tomorrow. Men Week tar co Will and be going to express future time ang often have essentially the same meaning Examples (a) and (b) have the same meaning, ‘See Chart 3-2 for differences in meaning between the two forms. win typically expresses predictions about the future, as in (0). Will does not take a final -. Wits followed immediately by the simple form of a verb Necative: will + not = won't ‘uestion: will+ subject + main verb In(e): The speaker is asking for information about a future event.” CONTRACTIONS WiTH PRONOUNS AND NOUNS: Win is often contracted with pronouns in both speaking and informal writing: 1, you'l, she'l, he'll, wel, they’, Wiis also often contracted with nouns in speaking but Usually not in writing, asin (h). In spoken English and very informal writing, will may be contracted with other kinds of pronouns and there, as in(i). ‘Be going to also commonly expresses predictions about the informal speech, going to is often pronounced NEGATIVE: be + not + going to, asin (I) QUESTION: be + subject + going to, as in (rn) * Will can also be used in questions to make polit requests: Will you open the door for me, please? See Chart 9-8, 176 EXERCISE 2» Looking at grammar. (Chart 3-1) Check (/) the sentences that are predictions about the future, Future Doctors | __John is going to be a heart surgeon. He wants to work with young children 1 2. He is going to be a fantastic doctor. 3. He'll be kind and patient with the kids. 4. training. 5. 6. ___ She will be fantastic. She is so caring, He is going to graduate from medical school in June. ‘Then he is going to start his surgical John’s wife doesn't want to be a surgeon. She is going to specialize in senior care 7, ___ I think they’re going to have very busy lives. 54. CHAPTER 3EXERCISE 3 > Grammar, speaking, and writing. (Chart 3-1) Work in small groups. Make predictions by completing each sentence with the words in the box. Give your own opinion, and take turns sharing each of your answers. Then write five predictions about life in the year 2050. is are will isn’t aren’t won't Inthe next decade, ... 1. the climate ___ going to get warmer. 2. cities near the ocean have more flooding. 3. smartphones and tablets going to replace computers. 4. electric cars __be more common than gas-powered cars. 5. we __ going to have flying cars. 6. computers _ be the main teachers in classrooms. a s 7. |__________learn to speak English fluently. ees Sai 8. my country __going to win the World Cup Bi ae oe championship. G ERERCISE 4> Listening. (Chart 3-1) Complete the sentences about a final exam with the non-contracted forms of the verbs you hear. to turn in all your assignments by tomorrow. for the final exam on Monday. 50 questions. 50 questions on the exam, the whole hour to complete the test. ye eps 2 6. Iv’s.a long exam. Sorry, but early. 7. a lot of work. Study hard! 8, The available in my office the next day. EXERCISE 5» Warm-up. (Chart 3-2) Read the sentences and answer the questions that follow. a. It’s going to rain tomorrow. b. I'm going to paint the house next week. ¢. Here. I'll carry that box. It looks heavy. d. It will be cloudy this weekend. 1. Which sentence expresses a prior plan? 2, Which sentences are predictions? and —__ 3. Which sentence expresses an offer to help? Future Time 55.RE UUNEREC COR) Prediction (@) According to the weather report, it willbe clout poo Port, itll be cloudy (©) According o the weather report 2 weather report its going to be cloudy tomorow poms gengio Prior Plan (©) — Why did you buy this paint? = lim going to paint my bedroom tomorrow. (6) — Are you busy this evening? — Well, | really don’t have any plans. 1 eat/'m going to-eat dinner, of course. And then III probably watch probably going to watch TV fr aitle while (€} The meeting will begin at 10:00 Au. Wewill have two hours for discussion, Willingness (1), — The phone's ringing = Ii get it. (@) — How old is Aunt Agnes? = Ion't know. She won't tel me. (h) The car won't start. Maybe the battery is dead. rio ea ‘Examples (a) and (b) have the same meaning, Be going to is commonly used In speaking to express Be gong i.e. 8 plan made before the moment of speaking) In @: Tho speaker aeady has a plan to paint his teseom: He could aso say, "'m planning to paint my bedroom” ore: In (ether wil or be going tos possible. The Second speaker has not planned her evening. She is “recctng” her evening (rather than stating any prior hans), so she may use either wil or be going to. In writing, willis more common. Wil (but not be going to) is used to express willingness or offer to help. In this case, will expresses a decision the speaker makes at the moment of speaking. Inf The second speaker decides to answer the phone at the immediate present moment; she/he does not have a prior plan, Will not / won't can express refusal, as in (g) with a person rin (h) with an inanimate object. EXERCISE 6 » Grammar, speaking, and listening. (Chart 3-2) Part I. Work with a partner. Read each conversation aloud. Discuss the italicized verbs. Are the speakers expressing: a. predictions? b. decisions they are making at the moment of speaking (willingness)? c. plans they made before the moment of speaking? Casual Conversations 1 Are you busy Saturday night? [ve got front-row s Oh, sorry. It sounds like a lot of fun, but I’m going 10 be at my cousin's wedding, ts for the baseball game, + We're going to go out to dinner in a few minutes. Do you want to join us? 56 Be Se Se we Sure. Give me just a minute and I" grab my coat, J heard Sue and David are engaged for the third time! “They won't ever get married. They fight too much. How do you spell “misspell”? One -s or two? Gosh! I forget. 1’ look it up. CHAPTER 3a 5. A: That’s great news about your new job. B: Well, actually, I've changed my mind about it. I’m not going 10 take it after all. I've decided to stay with my old job. 6. A: Sofia’s so much fun. And she’s very patient with kids. B: I know. She'll be great as a camp counselor. Part II. Listen to the conversations with your book closed, Notice how will and going 10 are pronounced. EXERCISE 7 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 3-2) Decide if each italicized verb expresses a prediction, a prior plan, or willingness. Chatting Before Dinner 1, Dinner’s almost ready. I'll set the table. prediction 2, [think you'll Jove this soup. The recipe is from the prediction restaurant we went to, 3. Don’t worry about the spilled coffee. I'clean it up. prediction 4. Your dad called. He has some vacation time. He _ prediction is going to take next week off. 5. Darn! I burned the rice. Someday, there is going _ prediction to be an alarm to prevent that! 6. I’m going t0 take some soup to my grandmother prediction tomorrow. She’s coming down with* a cold, 7. Ub-oh. It looks like the refrigerator light is out. prediction T'll pick up one tomorrow. 8. I’m going to help the kids with their homework after prediction dinner. EXERCISE 8 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 3-2) plan plan plan plan plan plan plan plan Gilling willingness willingness willingness willingness willingness willingness willingness ‘Complete the conversations with be going to if you think the speaker is expressing a prior plan. If you think there is no prior plan, use will. Use won’ if the speaker is expressing refusal : Sure. I (sranslate) willtranslate ___ jt for you. : Sure! Thanks, : How about getting together for dinner tonight? : Sounds good. Where? Aliice’s Restaurant. I (meet) A: Great, I (see) —____ you then. B: It’s a date. ‘come down with = get (an illness) : How about Alice’s Restaurant or the Gateway Café? You decide. you there around six. : This letter is in French, and I don’t speak French. Can you help me? : Do you want to go shopping with me? I (go) ___a™maaing to goto the mall downtown Future Time 57> Do you have plans for dinner? @ : Yes. T (meer) for dinner at Alice’s Restaurant. Want to join us? Who wants to erase the board? Are there any volunteers? : T(do) itt sT(do) it * Why does he have an eraser in his hand? He (erase) _ _— the board. : Why is that little boy crying? Me will come tomorrow PP e>o wD Idon’t know. He (tell, not) me. I wonder where his parents are, > : What's wrong? B: The door (open, not) ___.. I think the lock is broken, {) EXERCISE 9> Grammar and listening. (Chart 3-2) Choose the expected response (a. or b.). Then listen to the conversations and check your answers. A Plan or an Offer to Help? 1 A: So, you were talking about your plans for the summer. What are you going to do? B: a. I’m going to work at a summer resort in the mountains. b. Pll work at a summer resort in the mountains. ‘A: Can you help me out? I need to get this check in the mail by noon B: a. Sure. I’m going to drop it off on my way to work. b. Sure. I'll drop it off on my way to work. A: Tell me again. Why are you leaving work early? B: a. I’m going to attend my cousin’s funeral. b. Pll attend my cousin’s funeral. A: Darn, this flashlight doesn’t work B: a. Here, give it to me. I’m going to fix it for you. b. Here, give it to me. I'll fix it for you. A: Here’s the broom. What did you want it for? B: a. I’m going to sweep the front steps. b. I'll sweep the front steps. shen be going fo expresses a prior plan, itis often also possible to use the present progresive “There is no difference in meaning between these sentences: 58 with no change in meaning. ‘am going to meet Larry at Ale’ Retawant ass, OX Tim fnccting Lares ov Ace's Restaurant asi CHAPTER 3EXERCISE 10> Let's talk. (Chart 3-2) Work with a partner. Imagine you are planning to leave for a wedding in a few minutes. Choose one picture and complete the conversation in your own words. Then practice your conversation and perform it for the class. You can look at your book before you speak. When you speak, look at your partner. A Fiasco : Oh, no. What are we going to do? ————————— Iknow. We'll _ : How will that help? Idon’t know. But we need to try something. Let's not panic! : Wait! This'll work. We'll Perfect. Peer ae (7) EXERCISE 11> Listening and writing. (Chart 3-2) 1. Read the introductory paragraph below and listen to the passage that follows. ‘Then write down as much as you can remember in paragraph form. 2. Work with a partner and share paragraphs. Make any necessary revisions to the content. 3, Work in small groups and compare paragraphs. Edit for correct verb usage, punctuation, and spelling. A Successful Family Business ‘The Costa family began their restaurant business five years ago with a small coffee shop. They served coffee, tea, and fresh bakery items. ‘They developed a following, and now they are so popular that they are going to expand their restaurant next month. EXERCISE 12 > Warm-up. (Chart 3-3) Complete the sentences with your own words. All the sentences talk about future time. What do you notice about the verbs in blue? 1. After I leave this class, I'm going to — 2. As soon as I get home tonight, P| ______ 3. Before I do my homework, I'l] —_____ — 4, When I finish my English studies, I’m going to Future Time 593-3 Cu hickan nme kere (@) Bob will come soon. When Bob comes, we will see him, (©) Linda is going to leave soon. Before she leaves, she is going to finish her work (©) Lill gethome at 5:30. Atter/ get home, I wil eat inner. (2) The taxi will arive soon. As soon as it arrives, we'll bbe able to leave for the airport (@) They are going to come soon. "ll wait here unti they come. While | am traveling in Europe next year, 'm going to Save money by staying in youth hostels {will go to bed after I finish my work. | will go to bed after 1 have finished my work When Bob ees atime clause” el o 4 subject + verb = a time clause Mee ripe cle ure, th hone ra lobe gong 8 no used in the time clause. Jords as when, before, [time clause begins with such wi . iter as soon as, unt, and while and includes a subject Gnd.a verb, The time clause can come either at the beginning of the sentence or in the Second part of the sentence: ‘When he comes, we'll see him. OF We'll see him when he comes. Notice: A comma is used when the time clause comes first ina sentence. ‘Sometimes the preseNT PROGRESSIVE is used in a time Clause to express an activity that will be in progress in the future, as in (), ‘Occasionally, the PRESENT PERFECT is used in a time ‘clause, as in (h). Examples (g) and (h) have the same meaning, The present perfect in the time clause ‘emphasizes the completion of one act before a second fact occurs in the future. A rime clause is an adverb clause. See Charts 17-1, p.371 and 17-2, p. 373 for more information. EXERCISE 13» Looking at grammar. (Chart 3-3) Choose the correct verbs for these sentences. Chores 1, After the rain stops / will stop, T am going to wash the car, 2. I'm going to vacuum the inside before I quit / will quit. eee . The garage is / will look great after he . Are you going to help me before you go / will go to your friend’s? . My dad cleans / is going to clean the garage after he has // will have lunch, . While he is cleaning /will clean the garage later, he listens /is going to listen to podcasts. finishes / will finish tonight. EXERCISE 14> Looking at grammar. (Chart 3-3) Complete the sentences with the given verbs. Use a form of be going to, the simple present, or the present progressive. 1. listen / sleep I 2. come / wait Bakir will be here soon. I 60 CHAPTER 3 to an English language course while I tonight. Do you think it will help me learn English faster? hereuntithe3. buy / stop / walk Tm sure it will stop snowing soon. As soon as the snow , 1—____________________ to the store and ____________ some groceries. 4, enter / get | go | graduate Michelle is a junior in college this year. After she with a B.A, next year, she _______________graduate school and work on an M.A. Then. she —___on for her Ph.D. after she _____her master’s degree. EXERCISE 15 > Let's talk: interview. (Chart 3-3) ‘Make questions using the given words. Ask two students each question. Share some of their answers with the class. Use be going to for the future verb. « What \ you \ do \ as soon as \ class \ end \ today? . Before \ you \ go \ to bed \ tonight \ what \ you \ do? . What \ you \ do \ after \ you \ wake up \ tomorrow? |. What \ you \ do \ when \ you \ have \ free time \ this weekend? After \ you \ complete \ this course \ what \ you \ do? veeye EXERCISE 16> Looking at grammar. (Chart 3-3) Correct the 12 errors in verb forms. Getting Ready for a Business Trip Tia need to leave work early. She is going to prepare for her business trip when she will get home. After she is packing her suitcase, she rehearse her PowerPoint® presentation for her clients. Her father is going to come over and watch her presentation after he is finishing dinner. While he watch, Tia is going to ask him to give her honest feedback. After she is practicing several times, she will not feel so nervous about fer presentation. She will pays some bills and sending a few work emails before she is going to bed. After she gets into bed, she is going to fall asleep quickly because she is knowing that she is very tired. EXERCISE 17> Warm-up. (Chart 3-4) Decide if each sentence has a present or future meaning. What do you notice about the verb tense in each sentence? 1, P'm having dinner at the airport later tonight. present meaning future meaning 2. I'm meeting a friend there. present meaning future meaning 3, We're taking a flight at midnight. present meaning future meaning Future Time 61Sa LR eee Lien uaa Future Time Present Progressive (@) My wife has an appointment wih a doctor. She The eaesenr PROGRESSIVE may be used to exoress future time ‘is seeing Dr, North next Tuesday. hen the idea of the sentence concerns a planned event or (©) ‘Sam has already made his plans. Heis leaving finite intention. ‘t noon tomorrow. " F conpane: A verb such as rain is not used in the present (©) = wnat are you going to do this afternoon? ‘Progressive to incicate future ime because ran is not a — After iunch, 1am meeting a friend of mine. Planned event. We are going to the mall. Would you like to A future meaning for the present progressive tense is indicated come along? tither by future time words in the sentence or by the context. Simple Present (9) The museum opens at 10:00 tomorrow morning. The snes present can also be used to express future time ina (2) Classes begin next weet entence concoming events that are on a definite schedule or ° pallies timetable. These sentences usually contain future time words. (8) dobn’s plane arrives at 6:05 p.. next Mandy. Only afew verbs are used inthis way: ©: open, cose, begin, ond, start, frish, ave, leave, come, return. EXERCISE 18 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 3-4) Decide the meaning of each italicized verb: in the future, now, or habitually. 1. A: Students usually rake four courses each semester. ——tabitually _ Why are you only taking three? now B: Lhave a very demanding internship. But next semester, I am taking five courses to make up. in the future 2. A: What are you doing? B: I’m sending an email to my parents. It’s their anniversary, But they're probably out to dinner. That's how they celebrate every year. 3. A: What? Our train /eaves in five minutes? B: Yes, it eaves every hour on the hour. 4. A: My brother’s birthday is next week. I’m giving him a sweater. B: That’s what I usually give my brother. Sweaters make a good gift. III EXERCISE 19> Looking at grammar. (Chart 3-4) Complete each sentence with any present progressive verb. 1. A: How about going across the street for a cup of coffee? B: Ican’t, |___aimeeting _ Jennifer at the library at 5:00, 2. A: Why are you in such a hurry? BI the four o'clock plane to New York, 3. A: Isee you're smoking. I thought you stopped last month. B: I did, but I began again. I tomorrow, and this time I mean it. 62 CHAPTER 34. A: Your cough sounds terrible! Are you going to go to the doctor? B: Yes. I Dr. Na later this afternoon. 5. A: Where are you and your family going for your vacation this summer? so we can take B: Ontario, Canada. We're not going to fly. We our time and enjoy the scenery. EXERCISE 20> Reading, writing, and speaking. (Chart 3-4) Part I. Read the passage. Underline the present verbs and discuss their usage. ‘My Vacation of a Lifetime ‘This coming Saturday, I am beginning my “vacation of a BE | lifetime.” The first place I’m going to is Bali. My plane leaves at six-thirty Saturday morning. I arrive in Bali late | ‘ eee that afternoon. I’m staying at the Nusa Dua Beach Hotel. ‘ Ileave Bali on the fifteenth and travel to Thailand. While I’m there, I'm staying with some friends, We'll take a boat tour in Bangkok and then travel to the countryside. There is a national park, and we'll do some hiking. Finally we'll finish in Phuket. It'll be nice to relax on the beaches and go windsurfing too. This will be my first trip to these places. Part II. Imagine that you are going to take your ideal vacation next week. Write a paragraph about your plans, using Part I as a model. Use present tenses where appropriate. Share some of your plans with a partner, in small groups, or with the class. EXERCISE 21> Warm-up. (Chart 3-5) Notice the verbs in blue. What do they have in common? Right now I am sitting in class. Yesterday at this time, I was sitting in class. Tomorrow at this time, will be sitting in class. eee {@) I will begin to study at seven. You will The ruTune PRosREssive expresses an ‘come at eight. | will be studying when activity that will be in progress ata time you come. in the future. Don't call me at nine because! won't The progressive form of be going to: be home. | am going to be studying at Orrin the library. bbe going to + be + -ing, asin (0) 11 be picking Susie up early for a Wil + the progressive can be used dentist appointment. with an activity that is not in progress , at a time in the future. It is common in ‘We'll be contacting you shortly abouts .cKen English when the speaker wants | your Inguty: to sound more polite or softer. It is an alternative to: 1) the non-progressive form of will (1'l pick Susie up early for a dentist appointment.) on 2) be going to (I'm going to pick Susie up early for a dentist appointment.) Future Time 63EXERCISE 22) Loo! king at grammar. (Chart 3-5) Complete the sentenc hn es. Use the future progressive form of the given verbs. 1. finish / sleep / study Please don’t call out house after 9:00 tonight. The baby {6 aging to be sleeping /will be sleeping. My husband for atest. [___ a project for work. 2. tallt/do’/ see Dt. Roberts is the town’s only medical doctor and works long hours. ‘Tomorrow she has an especially busy schedule. From early in the morning until tunch, she ___ patients at her clinic. After lunch, she—____ esearch at the hospital, In the evening, she — to medical students about rural health care. EXERCISE 23 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 3-5) ; Complete the sentences. Use aeill + progressive or the simple present form of the verbs in parentheses. ib at the ‘Tomorrow I’m going to leave for home. When I (arrive) airport, my whole family (evait)___— for mee. 2. When I (get) up tomorrow morning, the sun (shine) the birds (sing) —___, and my roommate (lie, still) _____________in bed fast asleep. 3. A: Just think! Two days from now I (ski) in Austria. in the mountains B: Sounds great! I (think) about you, 4. A: Are you going to be in town next Saturday? B: No. I (visit) — my aunt in Chicago. 5. A: Where are you going to be this evening? B: I (work) on my research paper at the library, EXERCISE 24» Reading and grammar. (Chart 3-5) Read the email message from a parent to a high school teacher. Underline the future progressive verbs, How does the use of future progressive affect the tone of the message? Subject: Jill Bailey absence Dear Mrs. Rawley, Jill has some medical tests tomorrow and won't be attending school, will be any homework to pick up. I'll be picking up my other children assignments then. Please let me know if there at 3:00 and can get the Thank you, Karen Bailey 64 CHAPTER 3EXERCISE 25> Warm-up. (Chart 3-6) Decide which action in each sentence began first. 1. Leo will work until December 30th, and then he will retire. 2. When Leo retires, he will have worked at the same company for 30 years. 3. When Leo retires, he will have been working at the same company for 30 years. See a ae Mat Maia ta ecology NoTE: These two tenses are rarely used compared to the other verb tenses. FUTURE PERFECT (@) Iwill graduate in June. Iwill see The FUTURE PERFECT expresses an activity you in July. By the time! see you, that will be completed before another | will have graduated. time or event in the future. fy y Note the sentence pattern in (a) with by the time: |ADVER® CLAUSE by the time + simple present Main CLAUSE future perfect FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (6) | will go to bed at 10:00 P.v. Ed will The FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE get home at midnight. At midnight emphasizes the duration of an activity willbe sleeping. | will have been that will be in progress before another sleeping for two hours by the time time or event in the future. rr Ed gets home. (©) When Professor Jones retires next Sometimes the future perfect and the month, he will have taught oR will future perfect progressive have the TE _ have been teaching for 45 years. same meaning, as in (0), |i ‘Also, notice that the actwvity expressed | by either of these two tenses may begin inthe past. EXERCISE 26 » Looking at grammar. (Charts 3-5 and 3-6) Choose the correct verbs. A Hospital Stay 1. Roger will get to the hospital early tomorrow morning. He will stay / will have stayed there for a week. He is going to have back surgery. 2. When Roger leaves the hospital, he _ will stay / will have stayed there a week. 3, After Roger has back surgery, he will go / will have gone to the recovery room, 4, When Roger wakes up, he will be / will have been asleep for six hours, 5. When Roger first walks, he will need / will have needed assistance. 6. By the time Roger can walk unassisted, he will have / will have had many hours of physical therapy. 7. Several specialists will help / will have helped Roger by the time he goes home. Future Time 65EXERCISE 27> 2 Looking at grammar. (Charts 3-5 and 3-6) i S. ‘Omplete the sentences, Use any appropriate tense of the verbs in parentheses 1. Ann and Andy got married on June Ist. a. Today is June 15th, ‘They (be) married for two weeks, b. By June 8th, they (be) martied for one week. By June 29th, they (be) married for four weeks. » This traffic is terrible. We're going to be late. By the time we (ger) to the airport, Yuri’s plane (arrive, already”) ——________________, and he'll be wondering where we are. b. The traffic was terrible. By the time we (get) to the airport, Yuri’s plane (arrive, already) . This morning I came to class at 9:00. Right now itis 10:00, and I am still in class. I (sit) at this desk for an hour. By 9:30, I (si) ere for halfan hour. By 11:00, 1 Git) here for two hours. b. Classes start at 9:00 every day. It’s 9:30 and the school bus is late. When the bus. gets to school, classes (begin) . The teachers (teach) since 9:00. EXERCISE 28 > Looking at grammar. (Charts 3-5 and 3-6) Look at each pair of sentences. The preferred or correct sentence is checked in each one. Can you explain why the other sentence is not checked? 1, I’m checking airline flights right now. ¥ a. By the time you come back from lunch, I will have made our reservation, b. By the time you come back from lunch, I will have been making our reservation. 2. This is an incredibly long car ride. a, Do you realize that by the time we arrive in Phoenix, we will have driven for 20 hours stright? ¥ b, Do you realize that by the time we arrive in Phoenis, we will have been driving for 20 hours straight? 3. Go ahead and leave on your vacation. Don’t worry about this work. Y a. By the time you get back, we will have finished the project. b. By the time you get back, we will have been finishing the project, ‘uh the future perfect afready has two posible midsentence positions: Teil already havea ow will have aveady finished, 66 CHAPTER 34, don’t understand how those long-distance swimmers do it! ‘The race began more than an hour ago. a. By the time they reach the finish line, they will have swum steadily for more than two hours. ¥ b. By the time they reach the finish line, they will have been swimming steadily for more than two hours. EXERCISE 29 » Check your knowledge. (Chapter 3 Review) Correct the errors in verb tense usage. . Marnie will makes a good project manager. She has strong leadership skills. . Where you will be after the game finishes? . The car no will start. Maybe it has a dead battery. I going to look for a new apartment when my roommate move out 1 2 3 4, 5. After the movie end, we are going to go out for ice cream. 6. By the time I am 60, my daughter will has finish medical school. 7. Don’t worry, honey. Your dad will picking you up soon. 8. My appointment is for 10:15 tomorrow. What time will we be leave here? 9. As soon as the term will be over, I apply for a part-time job. 10. By their next anniversary, my parents will have together for 43 years. EXERCISE 30 + Reading, speaking, and writing. (Chapter 3) Part I. Read the three email messages. Discuss the appropriateness of each. Srrvation 1: College student to professor: Subject: Out of town visit Today at 7:46 PM Hey Prof! How’s it going? | need an extension on my project. Maybe an extra week? Some family from out of town are going to arrive tomorrow. No notice. LOL! Thanx © Janice Srruarion 2: College student to professor: =I ‘Subject: Jamal Benson absence tomorrow Today at 9:04 PM Dear Professor Wilson, I'm sorry, but | won't be in class tomorrow. My mother is having surgery, and I'll be taking her to the hospital. I'll get the assignment from my roommate. Thank you for your understanding. Sincerely, Jamal Benson Chem. 101 Future Time 67Streaniox High school student to teacher Subject’ car accident Today at 6331 PM Hope ur doing OK. Sorry i missed ur class. | was ina car accident and needed to go to the ER, Everything's OK, but i won't be ready for the test on Tuesday. Also, i lost my study guide, maybe in the accident. | don't know. Please send one ASAP!!! Later, Rob WRITING TIPS Many students are unsure about how formal or informal an email message to an instructor needs to be. A formal style will come across as more respectful. This means that your message Will be more like a business letter and not like a text message or a post on social media. Here are some Key points to consider: Formal messages do not use texting language, for example, “u” for “you” or “thanx” for “thanks.” They do not have smiley faces or other emoticons. Do not even use this: :) + The subject line needs to be specific. At the college level, you can begin your message with Dear Professor or Dear Dr. ——. Ifyou don’t know the title, then you can use Mr. or Ms, For K-12*, the title will generally be Mr., Mrs., or Ms. Itis better to get class information/assignments online or from a classmate than by contacting the instructor. Only ask the instructor if there are no other options. Be sure you have an acceptable reason for your request or excuse. If you don’t, don’t mention a poor one. + Sign your first and last name, and begin with one of the following: Thank you, Sincerely, Regards, Best, Respectfully. + Double-check that you have the correct email address. If one letter is wrong, your email will not get to the intended person. + Keep your message concise and to the point. Finally, instructors receive a lot of emails in one day. Be sure to proofread for grammar and spelling mistakes. You want your message to be easy to read and you want to convey that you are a conscientious student. ‘These guidelines will also be useful for writing to other school officials or to people outside of school, such as employers, supervisors, and co-workers. You will probably find that some instructors have a more relaxed style, but until you hear from them, you won't go wrong with a formal style. "K-12 = kindergarten through 12th grade Part Il. Write two emails to a teacher, In the first, explain why you will be absent for three days In the second, explain why you will miss an upcoming test. (They do not need to be tree) Shore and discuss with one or two classmates. 68 CHAPTER 3Part III. Edit your writing. Check for the following: 1. O specific subject line 2. 0 appropriate form of address and proper signature 3. Cl complete sentences 4. 0 formal tone 5. 0 no texting language or emoticons 6. Ol correct spelling (use a dictionary or spell-check) Go to MyEnglishLab for Self-Study: Gerunds and Infinitives 3 Future Time 69