Anatomy & Physiology - Laboratory

STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET BS NURSING / FIRST YEAR

Session # 43

LESSON TITLE: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (Part 1) Materials:

Pen and notebook
LEARNING TARGETS:

Upon completion of this lesson, you can:

1. Discuss the major function of the reproductive system;
2. Identify major features of successive developmental
stages in models or charts; and,
3. Describe the fetal circulation plan and the changes in
circulation that occur around the time of birth.
Reference:
VanPutte, C., Regan, J., & Russo, A. (2019).
Seeley’s essentials of anatomy & physiology
(10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

LESSON PREVIEW/ REVIEW

Write 5 important things that you have learned from the last session. Make sure to not miss details!
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MAIN LESSON
You will study and read their book, if available, about this lesson.

Introduction to the Reproductive System

❖ The major function of the reproductive system is to ensure survival of the species.

❖ Other systems in the body, such as the endocrine and urinary systems, work continuously to
maintain homeostasis for survival of the individual.
❖ An individual may live a long, healthy, and happy life without producing offspring, but if the species is to continue,
at least some individuals must produce offspring.

Within the context of producing offspring, the reproductive system has four functions:
● To produce egg and sperm cells
● To transport and sustain these cells
● To nurture the developing offspring
● To produce hormones

These functions are divided between the primary and secondary, or accessory, reproductive organs.
● The primary reproductive organs, or gonads, consist of the ovaries and testes.
o These organs are responsible for producing the egg and sperm cells gametes), and hormones.
o These hormones function in the maturation of the reproductive system, the development of sexual
characteristics, and regulation of the normal physiology of the reproductive system.
● All other organs, ducts, and glands in the reproductive system are considered secondary, or accessory,
reproductive organs.
o These structures transport and sustain the gametes and nurture the developing offspring.

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STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
1. Conception
2. Zygote (first through third day).
3. Blastocyst (second day through second week)
a. By the end of the 2nd week, implants itself in uterine wall ("nidation")
4. Embryo (third through eighth week)
a. Occasional primitive heart contractions at 2 weeks;
b. Heart pumps blood and ECG tracing looks normal by 4th to 5th week;
c. Some brain activity by the end of the 6th week;
d. Normal heart functioning after the end of the 7th week.
5. Fetus (9th week until birth)
a. develops fingernails, vocal chords, taste buds, and salivary glands and begins to urinate (3rd month)
b. "quickening" = spontaneous movement, between the 13th and 20th week (3rd, 4th or 5th month).
c. develops hair and eyelashes (5th month)
d. "viability" = fetus can survive outside the mother; occurs at approximately the 24th week.
(By convention, "fetus" is sometimes used generically to refer to all the stages of pregnancy.)
6. Infant (birth until one year)
a. Meltzoff research--rudimentary shape concepts
b. self-motivated activity
7. Child (ages 1 year to 12 years)
a. capacity to communicate
b. presence of self-concepts and self-awareness
c. reasoning (developed capacity to solve new and relatively complex problems)
d. morally responsible

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to the
correct answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in your answer/ratio is not
allowed.

1. After fertilization the zygote goes through a rapid period of cell divisions called __________.
a. Organogenesis c. Teratogenesis
b. Blastulation d. Cleavage
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. Implantation is usually completed after __________.

a. the amnion has formed
b. gastrulation has occurred
c. the nervous system forms
d. the blastocyst is entirely surrounded by endometrium
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. The outermost embryonic membrane is the __________.

a. yolk sac c. chorion
b. amnion d. placenta
e. allantois
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Which of the following is NOT a function of the placenta?

a. waste elimination
b. hormone production
c. respiratory gas transfer
d. urine formation

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ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. The heart begins to beat in the developing offspring __________.

a. at birth
b. at conception
c. at 3-4 months
d. when it becomes a fetus
e. at about 3 1/2 weeks
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY
The instructor will now provide you the rationalization to these questions. You can now ask questions and debate among
yourselves. Write the correct answer and correct/additional ratio in the space provided.

1. ANSWER: ________
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2. ANSWER: ________
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3. ANSWER: ________
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4. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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LESSON WRAP-UP

You will now mark (encircle) the session you have finished today in the tracker below. This is simply a visual to help you
track how much work you have accomplished and how much work there is left to do.

You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA

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AL Activity: CHAIN NOTES

Answer the following questions based on your learnings and this will be used to improve the learning strategies to be used
in the future.

1. What are the functions of the reproductive system?

2. Give the stages of human development.

This document and the information thereon is the property of PHINMA

Education (Department of Nursing) 4 of 4