04-00-1 GROUP SUSPENSION O04. SECTION TITLE PAGE SECTIONTITLE PAGE SUSPENSION, FRONT, 4-WHEEL DRIVE... 14-018-1 SUSPENSION, REAR. SUSPENSION, FRONT, 4X2.. (04-01A-1 WHEELS AND TIRES, SUSPENSION, SERVICE 04-00-1 SECTION 04-00 Suspension, Service SUBJECT PAGE SUBJECT PAGE VEHICLE APPLICATION DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Cont’a.) DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION ‘Ball Joint, Inspection.. Wheel Alignment, Front .. Front End: DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Road Tost. ‘Shock Absorber Suspension, Rear Vehicle Lean. Equipped with Joints. Dogtracking. Steering Link ‘SPECIFICATIONS Front Whee! Alignment Specifications TieRotation ‘SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS. Wheel Bearing End Play, Front PARTS CROSS-REFERENCE Inepection and Verification VEHICLE APPLICATION E-180-250-360, F-150-250-360, F-Super Duty and Bronco Vehicles DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Whee! Alignment, Front ‘© Caster affects directional stabilty without causing ‘Wheel alignment measurements describe the angular tire woar. ‘orientation of the wheel tre assembly and the ‘© Tho valuos of caster, camber and 108 change when steering axis. vehicles loaded and dian Tereor, the Caster, camber and toe are the three maior specifications shown in this section reflect the static : measurement of alignment required 80 the vehicla meeeurable elgnment parameters willhave an alignment when driven that is most ‘© Cambor and tos affect tre wear and directional favorable for tre wear and directional stability stabilty "B04 Econoline’ F-180, F-260, F380 /BvonGo/F Super Duly Body /Chasals Aug 105304-00-2 ‘Suspension, Service DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Too Toe-in and toe-out refer to the difference in the distance between the extreme front and extreme rear cof the tres. © Tosin occurs when the dimension taken atthe front ofthe tres is less than thet taken at the rear ofthe tires — positive tos. ‘© Tos-out occurs when the dimension taken atthe ‘ont ofthe tires is greater than that taken atthe ‘oar ofthe tires — negative toe. «© tWattermarket equipment that significantly affects the ride height (.e., snowplow, second unit bodies, tool boxes) is added, the toe may need to be adjusted. Toe should be maintained atthe specified setting withthe vehici in the loaded condition ‘experienced for more than 60 percent of use. ‘© Toe should only be chocked and adjusted after the caster and camber have been adjusted to ‘specification. Refer to Caster, Camber and ‘Specifications in this section, ToEIN positive TOE-DUT NEGATIVE raauon Dogtracking AMIF- 150-250-350, 4x2, 4x4, Bronco and E- 150-260-350 vehicles with'single rear wheels (SRW) have, by design, a front tread that is wider than the rear tread. Front tread is the distance between the ‘two front tires; rear tread is the distance between the roar tires. The ilustration ahows these differences. _t Fb, Bone 9m 635 wet) FO 182) Tamm (071 met F60 (t) Fa50 t) Eg Faso i) Eto — £390 ‘Se 5 ‘am We 37 em (U7 Fe When a vehicle with these tread differences is driven ‘on crowned road, the front may tend to ride higher up the crown than the rear, making these vehicles appear to dogtrack, as ilustrated. Refer tothe diagnosis guides inthis section for dogtracking diagnosis, i o—_ 0, ee hem Fre F250 2) 8 on (2 rh) 30 62) Fg a mm ne) Faso i) Row Gee E20 — 36 75 mm (286 et) G04 Boorolne F160, F260, -960/Bronco/F Super Duly Body/Ghassia Aug 1903.DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued) Caster Caster is used to describe the vertical fore-aft tt of the steering axis. This axis is defined by a line drawn through the centers of the spindle ball joints and is ‘measured relative to the ground. Bacause of this, ‘ising (or lowering) the rear, without changing front ‘ide height, wil subsequently decrease (or increase) the caster angle by the same amount the frame angie changes. FRAME ANGLE MEASURED IN FLAT AREA AHEAD ‘OF REAR WHEELS caste VERTICAL ANGLE-POSITIVE SHOWN STEERING AXIS rans "=e er RASH, TE sunt ress DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING ‘HORIZONTAL Inspection and Verification Camber ‘Camber is used to describe the vertical tt of the wheel as viewed from the front, Leal [en neGaTive ‘cavenes rosrve Cane ts © Steering axis inclination (included angle) isthe line to the axle drawn through the spindle ball joint when viewed from the front. © Included angle is a function of the spindle itself and. does not change with changes in ride height or frame angles, © Scrub radius ie the offeet of the center of the tire tread at the ground to the point where the steering ‘axis contacts the ground. Vibration and Roughness Vibration, roughness, tramp, shimmy and thump may ‘be caused by excessive tire or whee! runout, worn or ‘cupped tires, or wheel and tie unbalance. ‘These conditions may also be caused by rough or undulating road surtaces. Driving the vehicle on different types of road surfaces will indicate if the road surfaces are actually causing the condition. Do not immediately suspect the tires when attempting to diagnose a vibration concern. Other sources of vibration include: ‘© Loose or worn wheel bearings. ‘© Loose or worn suspension or steering components, © Brake hub and rotor runout © Loose engine or transmission supports ‘© Engine driven accessories ‘This section covers those vibrations related to the tres and wheels. For diagnostic procedures and service for non-tire related vibrations, refer to Section 00-04. Road Test tire vibration diagnostic procedure always begins with a road test. The road test and customer interview (if available) will provide much of the information Needed to find the source of a vibration. During the road test, drive tho vehicle on a road thatis smooth and free of undulations. If vibration is apparent, note and record the following: ‘© The speed at which the vibration occurs. ‘© What type of vibration occurs in each speed range — mechanical or audible. ‘© How the vibration is affected by changes in vehicle ‘speed, engine speed, and engine torque. ‘© Type of vibration sensitivity — torque sensitive, vehicle speed sensitive, or engine speed sansitive. 1884 Ezonoline/F-160, F260, F-980/Bronco/F Super Duly Body /Chasala Aug 198304-00-4 ‘Suspension, Service 04-00-4 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) Use the following explanation of terms tohelp isolate the source of the vibration. Torque Sensitive ‘This means that the condition can be improved or worsened by accelerating, decelerating, coasting, maintaining a steady vehicle speed and application of engine torque. Vehicle Speed Sensitive This means that the vibration always occurs at the same vehicle speed andis not affected by engine torque, engine speed, or transaxle gear selection. Engine Speed Sensitive ‘This means that the vibration occurs at varying vehicle speeds when a different transaxle gear is selected. It ‘can sometimes be isolated by increasing or decreasing engine speed with the transaxle in NEUTRAL, or by stall testing withthe transaxie in {gear If the condition is engine-speed sensitive, the condition is not related to tires. Ifthe road test indicates the vibration is related to the tices or wheels, use the Tire Wear Diagnosis Chart. Refer to Section 04-04 to help pinpoint the cause of the concern. i the road test indicates that there is tie ‘whine, but no shake or vibration, the noise originates with the contact between the tire and the road surface. © A thumping noise usually means that the tire has flat oF soft spots making a noise as they slap the roadway. Tire whine can be distinguished from axle noise because axle noise diminishes or changes according to load or speed. Tire noise remains the same over a range of speeds. © To.vority that tir noise is not associated with shake (r vibcation, inflate the tires one at atime and check fora change in the sound. The pitch or whine will ‘change as the increased pressure changes the tire frequency. © Be sure to detiate tires to their proper pressures after this check is completed. © Acomplete road test procedure is provided in ‘Section 00-04. Front End inspection CAUTION: Do not attempt to adjust front whee! alignment without first making a preliminary inspection of the front end parts, and correcting where necessary. Prior to inspection: 1. Filla fuids to specification. 2. Make sure spare tire or wheel and related ‘equipment are properly stored. 8. Remove any excessive accumulation of mud, dit ‘or road deposits from the chassis and underbody. 4. Retain all normal loads in the vehicis.Infiate all tires to the pressure specified on the Safety Compliance Certification Label (usually located (on the inside driver's door pila). Check both front res and make sure they are the ‘same size, ply rating, and load range. Inspection 1. Inflate all tres to specified pressure (cold). Check. both front tres for the seme size, ply rating and load range, Reter to Section 04-06. 2. Check for excessive front wheel bearing end play. Refer to the procedure in this section ‘Adjust and /or replace the front wheel bearings (1218) as described inthe appropriate section in Group 04 38. Check for worn or damaged apinale bal joints Replace the ball joints. Refer to Section 04-034, (4x2) and Section 04-018 (4x4). 4. Check for bent steering linkage or excessively ‘worn joints. Rafer to Section 11-03. 5. Check the steering gear mounting bolts and tighten tothe specified torque. Refer to appropriate sectionin Group 11 Inspect the radius arm f bent or damaged. Inspect the bushings atthe radius armtorrame attachment for wear and looseness. Repair or replace parts as required. Refer to appropriate section in Group 04 7. Check other suspension components for damage, 8. Check for aftermarket changes to steering, suspension, wheel and tire components (.2., ‘competition, heavy duty, etc). © Specifications in this manual do not apply to Vehicles with aftermarket changes. Ball Joint, Lower, Inspection 1. Refer to Section 00-02 for hoisting instructions, alse vehicle until wheels fall to ful-down position. 2. Have an assistant grasp lower edge of tire and move wheel and tire assembly in and out. 3. As wheels being moved in and out, observe front ‘suspension lower arm bal joint (3080). Any movement indicates abnormal ball joint waar. 4. Hany movement is observed, instal new front suspension lower arm ball joint. Reter to Section 04-014 0F 04-018, 5. Lower vehicte. ‘Shack Absorber Checks CAUTION: The low pressure. ps kPa (150 pei} for 1-3/8 inch bore. Do not attempt to open puncture or apply heat to the shock absorbers. All vehicles are equipped with low pressure gas filed hydraulic shock absorbers of the direct acting type. ‘They are nor-adiustable and non-refilable. They cannot be serviced as cartridges and must be serviced as shock assemblies. 1904 Econoline F150, F 250, P4507 Bronee/F Super Duly Body/Chasels Aug 199804-00-5 ‘Suspension, Servi 04-00-5 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) 6. 1 2. Before replacing a shock absorber, check the action (of the shock absorbers as follows. Vehicle Inspection 1 2. ‘Check all tires for proper inflation pressure ‘Check tire condition to confirm proper front end ‘ignmont, tire balance and overal tire condition ‘such as separation or bulges. ‘Check the vehicle for optional suspension ‘equipment such as heavy duty handling or traller tow suspensions, These suspensions will have a firmer ride feeling than standard suspensions. ‘Check the vehicle attitude for evidence of possible overload or sagging. ‘Many times front spring and front shock Ateorbers (18124) are replaced ian efor to ‘solve a vehicle 8ag concern. Shock absorbers by design are hydraulic damping units only, and unle suspension springs, donot support any ‘suspension loads, Therefore, replacing a shock absorber will not correct a vehicle 8ag concern, Road test vehicle to confirm customer concern. On-Vohicle Tests Make sure the shock absorber is securely and properly installed, (Check the shock absorber insulators for damage and wear. Replace any worn or damaged insulators and tighten attachments to the specified torque (on a shock absorber which incorporates intornal Insulators, replace the shock absorbers). Tighten shock absorber attachments to speciied torque. Refer to appropriate section in Group 04, Inspect the shock absorber for evidence of fad leakage. ‘Aight film of oll (weepage) on the upper portion ‘of the front shock absorber is ible and is a ‘result of proper shock lubrication. Weepagais a ‘condition in which a thin fim of oll may be ‘deposited on the shock outer tube (body) ands. ‘normally noticed due tothe collection of dustin this area, Front shock absorbers which exhibit this weepage condition are functional units and ‘should not be replaced. Leakage is a condition in ‘which the entire shock body is covered with all ‘and the oll wil drip from the shock onto the pavement Hf this condition exists: ‘Make sure that fluid observed is not from ‘sources other than the front shock absorber. bb. Replace the worn or damaged front shock at Disconnect the lower end of the shock absorber. 7. Extend and compress the shock absorber as fast as possible, using as much travel as possible. ‘Action should become smooth and uniform throughout each stroke. ‘© Higher resistance on extension than on compression is a normal condition ‘© Faint swish noises are also normal. ‘© Make sure that the part number of the replacementis the same as that of the original shock absorber. Hoist Check 1. Noise: Noise can be caused by loose suspension or shock attachments. Verity that all attachments or the suspension components and front spring and front shock absorbers are tight. Replace any worn or damaged upper stud insulators. Check {ront spring and front shock absorbers for external damage. 2, Bottom/Hopping: Check condition of the rubber suspension travel stops (front suspension bumpers (9020). Replace if worn or missing, Examine for evidence of previous overload or damaged components. 3. Foree-Check: Support front suspension lower ‘arm (3078) or axle, and remove lower front shook attachment. Stroke front shock body using ‘as much travel as possible, The action should be ‘smooth and uniform throughout each stroke. Damping forces should be equivalent on both sides of the vebicle. 4, Replace only the worn or damaged front shock absorber. In the past it was recommended that front shock absorbers be replaced in pairs if one unit became unserviceable. Improved sealing, new materia, design and improved rod machining and hardening techniques have added to the reliability of shock absorbers. Therefore, front shock absorbers no longer need to be replaced in pairs when only one unit is not serviceable. Bench Test ‘The front shock absorbers are gas-pressurized, which results in thei being fully extended when not restrained. It a front shock absorber does not fully ‘extend, itis damaged and should be replaced. Check length cverall(LOA). It the front shock absorber does ‘ot meet the length overall requirement, itis @ good indication something internal is not to specification and the front shock absorber should be replaced. With the front shock absorber inthe normal upright position, compress it and alow it to extend three times {0 purge the pressure chamber of any gas that may have been introduced during handing. lace the front shock absorber right side up in a vise. Hand-stroke the front shock absorber as fast as possible using as much travel as possible. Action should be smooth and uniform throughout each stroke. Higher resistance on extension than on compression is normal The following conditions are abnormal "04 Econoline/ F160, F956, F360 Bronco F Super Duty Body /Chesale Aug 190804-00-6 ‘Suspension, Service 04-00-6 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) © Alagoor skip at reversal of travel near mid-stroke when front shock absorber is property primed and in ‘he installed position © Seizing © Noise, other than a faint swish, such a8 a clicking upon fast stroke reversal © Excessive thid leakage ‘© With rod fully extended, any lateral motion of rod in relation to outer cylinder It front shock absorber action remains erratic after ‘purging air installa front shock absorber, replacing ‘only the damaged front shock absorber. Front shock ‘absorbers do not need to be replaced as sets. ‘Suspension, Rear 1. Check for leaks on shock absorbers. 2. Check shock absorber operation (whether ‘operations stif, rough or spongy). 3. Check condition or rear suspension bushings and rear suspension springs, {f the above check reveal evidence of excessive wear, ‘deterioration, or improper cparation, replace damaged ‘components, Vehicle Lean Side-to-side vehicle lean should be verified by ‘measuring the fender ip-to-ground dimension before beginning diagnosis and service actions. Normal acceptable limits are: (© Maximum of 16mm (5 /8 inch) variance between left ‘and right front wheel ips to ground. (© Maximum of 19mm (3/4 inch) variance between lett ‘and right rear wheel lps to ground. NOTE: Codes identifying the front and rear spring ‘options and springs are printed on the Safety Standard Cortification Label. Replace springs in pairs if one is found to be damaged or worn. i 8 spring should require replacement beceuse it is damaged, worn or due to a DSO option or assembly plant substitution. I a DSO option number is shown on the certification label, the District Office can establish whether springs are atfacted. f the factory-installed springs do not agree: with the code printed on the Safety Standard Cortification Label (right and left spring part number should match), replace the damaged or worn spring vith a new spring of the same part number as the damaged or worn spring. It wil not be necessary tc replace the matching, non-worn or undamaged spring. 1. Place the vehicle on a flat, smooth surface, 2. inspect vehicle for any heavy add-ons that may cua enceesive well on ary omer of fhe vehicle. © In. cases where the excess weight ia a snow plow, a rear taligate fit, etc, the vehicle must be diagnosed with the equipment in place, © Measure corner weights if necessary. Vehicle should be empty, fuel tanks ful no cargo such as tools, equipment or debris in the pick-up box or rear body section. ‘@ Vehicle must be siting on the wheels and tires ‘and not a hoist, jack or jack stands. 8. Check all wheels (1007) and tres: ‘© wheels must be same size and design, right and eft side on each axle. 1 wheels size and design. tre size and re design should be as indicated on the Vehicle Certification Label. ‘© Check air prossure of al tires; inflate to specications indicated on the Vehicle Certification Label. 4. Check front and reer suspension. Make sure the came epting is onthe left/right front and lft ight ‘oar, The front springs have |D. tags indicating, the part number. The rear springs (5580) have {he part number stamped onthe bottom just behind the U-bot attachment. 8. _Jounce the vehicle's front and rear suspension to normalize the vehicle static ride height 6. Measure the height ofthe right and lef fendor ip ‘openings for both front (dimension A) and rear ‘GimensionB). 7. Calculate the side-to-side ditterences for each dimension. If these ditferences are greater than ‘6mm (5/8 inch) between lft or right front and/or 19mm (3/4 inch) between left and right ‘ear, adjustment can be performed folowing the procedure under Adjustmants inthis section. ‘SDETOSIDE LEAN ‘Symptom Chart Refer to the following chart for front suspension problems. For driveline noise, refer to Section 00-04. For additional diagnostics related to alignments, refer to Section 00-05, 7204 Econoline F160, F250, F507 Bronce F- Super Duy Body /Chasala Avg 190304-00-7 Suspension, Service DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) ‘CONDITION POSSIBLE SOURGE "ACTION Vehicle feans to one si incorrect tire eressure ‘Assure specified tre prossure for alltires. '¢ Improper tice/wheetusage © Install correct tie whee! combination '# Vehicle overioades or uneveniy © Correct as required loaded '* Loose, wornor damaged trontar | ® Vieusly ngpect suspension rear suspension components systems, Repair or replace as Feqvired. Refer to Section 04-02 ‘© Improper sering usage or © Conrect as required. Reterto improperly nstalleg ane seated ‘appropriate section in Group 08 springs. 1 Incorrect tront axle ride height © Toadiust,roferto "Vehicle Lean ‘Lateral tit outof specification Correction” inthis section © Incorrect rear axle ride height, |e Toadiust,reterto "Vehicle Lean a Lateral tit out of specitication. Correction” inthis section Fron bottoming or riding iow. '* Incorrect tre prossure © Correct as requires Improper tire wheel usage. © atl correcta whoo! 18 Vehicle overloaded or uneveniy © Correct as require. loaded | © Broken or incorrect installed © Repairorropiace as necessary. front col springs. |" Relerto appropriate Sectionin Group o4. Loose orbroken shackles | © Tighten or replace as necessary. # Distertedorspit rant suspension | Covrect es requred. bumper © Incorrect tron cot springs © enlace ton suapension ower armballjoints Doatracking of rear wheels ‘© Loose or damaged fon orrear ® tnopect, reper orreplace as ‘suspension components cequied. Reter to appropriate ‘© Loose rear spring U-bolts © Tighten to specication. Reter to Section 04-02. © Rearspring improperlyinstalied | @ Repair as raquired onaule. ‘© Rear spring center bolt bent. Replace center bot, © improper instaies ront leat © Repair as necessary springs (2x4). ‘© Rearaxle cutof speciicationor | Ropairas necossary damaged 1894 Econoline F150, F250, 950/ Bronco/F Super Oty Body/ Gheasls Avg 199304-00-8 ‘Suspension, Service DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) ‘CONDITION POSSIBLE SOURCE ‘ACTION Shimmy or wheel tramp. Loose front axle bearing bracket attaching parts Incomect tie pressure. Excessive tire sidewall detlection Irregular tire wear or tee sizes not ‘nitorm. Loose whee! ug auts Front whee! bearing adjustment. ‘Out-ot round wheels. ‘Out-ofround tires. ‘Whee! andre lateral runout not to ‘specilicalions. Incorrect wheel and tre balance. Front wheel alignment (toe-in and ‘caster) out-oF-specitication Deteriorated radius arm bushing. Loose, wom or damaged shock absorbers. Loose, wom or damaged steering linkage end idler arm connections. Broken or sagging springs. Loot ring oe mounting. Incorrect steering gear ‘adjustment ‘Worn ballioins. ‘Worn spindle (king) pins. ‘© Tighten to specification Referto appropriate section in the Drivetrain Manual, replace as necesse © Check front wheel alignment, ‘adjust and replace with samo size tires © Tightento specifications. ‘Adjust to specications, © Replace as required ‘© Replace as required © Follow tive and wheel runout check, Rater to Section 04-04 ‘© Balance wheels and tra © Settoe to specifications. Set ‘caster to specifications on vehicles with frontlesttype ‘springs. '* Replace. Referto appropriate Section in Group 04. © Tighten and epla 1s necessary. © Tightonorreplace as necessary, Refer to Section 11-03, '@ Replace as required. Reter to Section 04-02, (© Tighten io specications. Refer othe appeopsiate string gear section ln Group 1 © Adjust to specifications, © Replace ball joints, © Replace spindle pins and spindle pin bushings ‘Sway oral Excessive load or body height © Correct a8 ne: Ssary Correct as naces: . angie rtumabtity binding © Incorrect ire pressure. © Adjust ai pressure in irs. © Loose whee! log nuts, ¢ Tighten to specifications. © Worn ortoose stabilizar assembly. | Tighten or replace ns required. © Broken or sagging spring, © Replace as required. Incorrect steering gear ‘Adjust to specications, fer to he adjustment, ‘appropriate storing gear section in Grow 11. Loose steering goar mounting. Tighten fo specifications. © Excossiverrontorrearovernang. | ® Correct as necessary. © Broken toe bots on rear spring. © Replace as requirea. licky steering, pointing or amall | © High spindle rotating torque “@ Inspect for sticky steering inkage Joints and/or spindle bal Joints Fking pins and replace as fequired . © Measure proioad/mashioad or preload/meshiogs. yoke clearance (Aerostar only), lust as required ‘© Power steering control valve © Inepect and service as required. centering. '# High steering columetriction or © Inspect for interforing parts, worn steering column bearings end service or replace as required. 1994 Econokne/F 150, F250, F607 Bronco Super Duty Body Chase Avg 190304-00-9 ‘Suspension, Service 04-00-9 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) __ CONDITION — POSSIBLE SOURCE "ACTION Wander ‘© Improper loading. ‘@ Weigh vehicle, balance loading ‘and/orremove payload required © Low tre pressure. © nlate to specification © Improper tite wheel size @ Replace asnecessary. © Steering linkage ball joint © Inspect and service as required looseness or ‘© Spindle ball joint king pin © Inspect and replace as required. looseness or wes Whee! bearing ooseness or wear Inspect and repair as required. Worn suspension bushings, Inepect and repiace as required Loose suspension attachments of Inepect ail attachments of component Components and secure tighten with proper torque or replace as required '# Weak shock absorber control © Service shocks as required. © Impopersteerngsermeshiond, | Measure meshioad and adust a, oavire © Steering cearpeak meshiosdnot | # Ifclearvisionis correct, inspect onceater steering gear and adjust or replace ‘as required I clear visions not ‘correct, check alignment. center steering whee! and reset front toe {0 optimum setting as required, © Excessive front total toe out, (© Check alignment and reset front 108 {0 optimum setting as required, ‘Steady stato, constant aait/pull ‘© improper loading causingimproper | © Weigh vehicle, balance load or | ‘castor and/or caster spit move oad ae require ‘condition. alignment and ce ‘camber to optimum s required. ‘© improper tre pressures. © Inflate tires to specifications. © Mismatched tree / wheels. © Unequaliir circumtarences, ‘otalion or replace ‘© Uneven tre weer. © Check alignment and adjust to ‘optimum settings as required, | rotate or ropiace tires as required. ‘© Tie conicity (new or warn tres) ‘© Rotate right front tre to left front position, rotate left front toright front. I direction of rift pull changed, rotate tires or replace as requied. rng inkage ball stud windup. | @ Loosen all steering linkage ball studs from tapered holes in linkage. Align wheels stoaring + sess + HRES2e sane eos eee cae ond comme conrrat + (Seta . ie |= tacoma + SkeSSnnen store Sate 10 optimum Component Tests Whee! Bearing End Play, Front 1. Raise the vehicle until the tire clears the floor. Toba Econoline F180, F:260, F-950/Bronco/F-Sper Duty Body Cha04-00-10 Suspension, Service 04-00-10 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) 2. Grasp each front treat the top and bottom and Gish ne wneol nyerdand covward wie ng Torave to Turn Sivan Socket [Nm [inte the woight ofthe tire off the front wheel bearings. New Stee Joints 3s | ass Good Used Joints oss | 5205 Joint win Excosaie Play mo = 3. Make sure the wheel rotates freely andthe brake pads are retracted suticionty to allow movement of the wheel assembly. 4. ifthe wheel /mib-rotor i loose onthe front wheel spindle (3105) or does not rotate freely, adjust the front wheel boarings as doscribed in the ‘appropriate section in Group 04, ‘Steering Linkage 1. With the vehicle resting on the ground and Parking brake fuly applied, pertorm the folowing. a. Have someone turn the steering wheel back and forth 360 degrees and watch for relative mation ofthe studs in the steering inkage ball sockets. © Excessive vertical motion of the studs relative to the sockets may indicate ‘excessive wear. 'b. Watch for a loose steering gear attachment tothe frame. 2. Another method isto raise the front tires off the (ground, grasp the tire at the front and rear and watch for excessive play in the joints while trying tosteer the wheels. NOTE: Improper removal of the tapered stud wil ‘cause premature failure of the ball socket. 3. Steel, groasable joints can be checked for ‘excessive wear by measuring the torque it take to turn the stud. ‘© Remove the tapored stud from its saat and thread the attaching nut back onto the stud, © Turn the stud with an inch-pound torque wrench ‘and note the torque to turn the stu. ‘© Some joint turning torques will be as lttle a8 0.5 Nem (Sino) within the first 1000 miles and remain thera. for the life ofthe joint, ‘© Only replace a ball joint that requires less than 0.6 Nem (6 ini). ‘© Tighten or replace loose, worn or damaged parts as described in the Section 11-03, Ball Joints, Front Suspension Upper Arm and Lower, F-Sories Twin Beam Front Axle Equipped with Joints Prior to performing any inspection of front suspension lower arm balljoints or front suspension upper ball. joints (3049), adjust the front wheel bearings as, described in the appropriate section of Group 04. 1. Raise the vehicto and place satety stands under the Fbeam axle beneath the spring. 2. Have an assistant grasp the lower edge ofthe tre and move the wheel in and out 3. While the wheel is being moved, observe the lower spindle arm and the lower part of the axle jaw. © A0.794mm (1/32.inch) or greater movement between the lower portion of the Kbeam and, the lower spindle arm indicates that the front suspension lower arm baljoint must bo replaced 4, Tocheck the front suspension upper ball joints, ‘Grasp the upper edge of the tire and move the ‘wheel in and out. © A.0.794mm (1/82.inch) or greater movernont between the upper spindle arm and the upper portion of the Hoeam indicates that the front ‘Suspension upper ball joint must be replaced. Tire Rotation NOTE: Tire tread weare fastast in the first 6,000 miles. Tharetore itis very important to perform the first rotation within the specified mileage range to minimize uneven wear, 1904 Econoline F- 150, F-260,F-360/Bronco F-Supe’ Duty Body /Ohaseia Aug 100904-00-11 04-00-11 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) 2 To equalize tire wear, tires may be rotated, but not until the cause of unusual or uneven tire wear is determined land corrected. Tire rotation is recommended every 8,000-12,000 km (5,000-7,500 miles) When vehicles have tires that differ from front to rear oF are equipped with duat rear wheels (ORW), tires are tobe rotated side-to-side, notin a criss-cross pattern, Dogtracking 1 Find a stretch of empty road or an empty parking lot. Drive the vehicle while sighting down the hood. Use a hood omament or a body style line to be able 1 300 ifthe vehicle is going ina straight line or if itis dogtracking.. ‘Stop the vehicle when you notice the vehicle dogtracking. Have an assistant mark the position ofthe center tread of both front tres with chalk on the ground. Siowly pull the vehicle forward until the rear tires are at the same position as the marks made for the front ties. Have your assistant mark the ground as he did for ‘the front tres, identtying which marks are for the front tres and which ones are for the rear tires. ‘Move the vehicle out ofthe way so all marks can be seen Proceed to measure the total amount of dogtracking as follows. 8. Measure the distance between the front tre marks. >. Mark the ground exactly half way between these marks. Do the same for the reer tire marks. The difference between the two center marks is the ‘amount of dogiracking present in the vehiote cron Description Centerline of Front Tie Tread Gentertine Betwoon Front Tres ADJUSTMENTS Wheel Alignment, Front Refer to the alignment charts in the Specifications. portion ofthis section. CAUTION: Do not bend axles or radius arms to change alignment. ‘After front whee! alignment has been checked, make the necessary adjustments as described below. rand Camber, E-150-250-350, 250-350 Ball Joint System SPECIAL SERVICE TOOL(S) REQUIRED Beseriotion Toot number T6A0-3690-F Pliman ArmPul 1. Measure vehicle caster and camber. ‘© Roofer to the alignment charts in this saction to. determine ifthe vehicle is within specifications, © Note any difference between the acta ‘measurements and the: Intormaton willbe Used sleet he comet service adjuster. 2. adjustment is necessary, determine the amount of caster /cambar nthe aduoteretaed the vehick © Production adjusters have the amounts of ‘caster and camber stamped in the top of the adjuster. 1804 Econoline F180, F260, F350 Bronco/F-Supe Duly Body /Chassia Aug 108804-00-12 Suspension, Service 04-00-12 ADJUSTMENTS (Continued) © trun anos Remrntrinte mont me ems degrees if the adjuster is installed in the ‘ADJUSTER Sorensen @ If the adjuster is in the left-hand axle, the caster number is the opposite sign of the number ‘SLOT shown. For example, a positive amount in the right-hand axle is a negative amount in the left axle, and a negative amount in the right-hand is ie pine creata (NOTE: The assembly plant sometimes builds vehicles: with adjusters that are not zero-degree type to contro! alignment. The chart shows the alignment changes: ‘that will occur if the vehicle was originally built with FeITA zero-degree adjusters. Always check to see which adjuster has been installed (and it's orientation) before making changes. ee a rss soneasr une care 4 = vena swessanarnee| “*%2E"* |Tosam | cowame | owen | comme sere | “ae” [epeoee | ope. [chrome | oes © Select a new service adjuster and it's orientation in © Note that the caster change or camber change Sceteerarves cheese Na et tan cc sesamiae tn cereae pe production adjuster. 7994 Esonoline F160, F260, F960 /Bronco/F Super Dy Body Ch04-00-13 ‘Suspension, Service 04-00-13 ADJUSTMENTS (Continued) Use the following example as a guide. I caster must bbe reduced 1.0 degree and camber increased +0.75 degree at the LH wheel and the existing adjuster has +0.26 degree caster as installed, select the 1 degree service adjuster and orient the slot 228 degrees from the straight-ahead position. n all cases, select the adjuster and orientation that will bring the alignment closest to the optimal settings. 4, Raise the vehicle and remove the front whee! 5, Loosen the pinch bot atthe front suspension upper balljoint and pry the adjuster out ofthe axle ‘with the blade of a screwdriver. I required, use Pitman Arm Puller T64-3590+ to remove the adjuster. 6. Install the new service adjuster. Orient the slot as ‘specified in the chart. 7. Tighten the pinch bolt to 87-86 N-m (50-65 ft-lb) for F-Series, and to 87-119 Nem (66-8 trib) for Econoline. 8. Install front whee! and lower the vehicle 9. Check alignment. not at optimal caster /camber ‘setting, additional adjustment of the rotation of the adjuster may be required to obtain optimal ‘alignment settings. 10. Once optimal caster /camber has been achieved, reset front toe and clear vision to optimal settings. Caster and Camber, Bronco and F-150-250 4x4 Vehicles ‘SPECIAL SERVICE TOOL(S) REQUIRED NOTE: Excessive spindie turning efforts, causing poor steering returnablity, may result if the fastener tightening sequence described in Steps &, 9 and 11 are not followed exactly. 8. Remove the lower ball stud nut and apply Loctite 242 oF equivalent to the lower stud. 9. Hand start the lower nut and partially tighten to ‘54 Nem (40 fb). 10. Install the new upper nut and tighten to 116-135 ‘Nam (5-100 ft4b). Advance the nut to the next ccastellation and install a new cotter pin. 11. Finish tightening the lower nut to 128-149. Nm (85-110 feb), 12. Install the wheel and tower the vehicle. 18. Chack camber and eet toe aecording to alignment procedure, Description TeolNumber Piman Arm Puller TeaP-3500 | Castor and camber adjustments provided by means of series o interchangeable mounting sleeves (camber adjusters) forthe upper balljont stud, There is one edjuster available for caster. 1. Measure camber with avalable alignment equipment. if camber is out of specification, proceed to Step 2. Raise vehicle on hoist and remove the front wheels, 3, Remove the upper balljoint cotta pin and nut 4 Loosonthelower ball int ut tothe odo tho stud. ‘5. Strike the inside ofthe spindle near the upper and Tower ball joints to break the spindle loose from ‘the baljoit studs. 6. Remove the camber adjuster sleeve. i required use Pitman Arm Puller T64P-3590-F to remove the adjuster from the spindle 7. Insta the replacement service adjuster. ‘© Toincrease camber (more positive) point the «arrow on the adjuster outboard. ‘© Todecrease camber (more negative) point the arrow on the adjuster inboard, item | Description 1 | Slotsin Sleeve Engage Lugs to Provent Rotation of Sleeve Which Would Result In Change of Caster Angie 2 | SpiitinSieeve Allows Sleave to Expand Vinen Ball Stud Nuts Tightened, Locking Sleeve and Ball Stud inLocation 3 | Ball Stud (Component of Balt Joint Assembly) 4 |Balstus axis 6 | Support Collar with Integra Indexing Lugs Welded to Axle Arm Stamping in Sleeve for Engager sary for Removal 7 | Axle stamping 8 | Angle at Which Sleeve Holds Bail Studs Determines Camber Caster 9 | Sleeve and Suppor: Collar Axis (Also the Ball Stud Axis WhenO* Camber Sleeve IsInstaties) 1954 Econoline’ F160, F260, F650 Bronco, F Super Duly Body Chaasie Aug 190904-00-14 ‘Suspension, Service 04-00-14 ADJUSTMENTS (Continued) Caster, F-250-350 ‘The caster angle on the F-250-350 with a leat spring type suspension can be adusted by inserting a shim between the spring and axle. Shime are available in O-degraes, one-dagree and two-degree increments, ‘Tho O-degree shims used to adjust side-to-side CAUTION: if possible, caster adjustment should alway be done on the right front axle to avoid ‘changing front driveshaft alignment. 1, Toadjust caster, raise the vehicle and support ‘the front axles on safaty stands. 2. Loosen Uott nuts and separate spring from axle. 3. Install caster shims between spring and axte. © Position the thin edge of the shim toward the front of the vehicle to increase caster, thin ‘edge to the rear to decrease caster. ‘© Caster shims installed on the left axle wit change the front driveshaft anale, Ifa caster shimis used on the left axle, driveshaft angles wet be checked and conform to specifications in Section 05-01. Always attempt to correct side-to-side castor variations by adjusting the right axle caster. 4, Tighten U-bolt nuts untill nuts contact cap. Tighten nuts to 142 Nem (105 ft), jer and Camber, F-350 Monobeam Front (@ Axle and F-Super Duty Mono! riving Axle Caster and camber are not adjustable on F-350(4x4) (Fon the F-Super Duty. Too Rater to toe specifications for F- 160-250-350, Bronco ‘and E- 180-280-350 in this section, ‘The F-Series and Econoline stearing linkage has adjustments in front wheel spindle inner connecting rod ‘or end (3A 131), First, remove the horn pad and make ‘Sure the steering wheel is properly installed as. described in Section 11-044. With stearing wheel locked in place, set tos to correct specification 1. Loosen the clamp bolts for the adjusting sleeve. 2. Rotate the sleeve until the correct toe alignment is obtained. NOTE: Lubricate clamp fasteners prior to tightening. 3. With the clamps 4.76mm (3/ 16 inch) from the. ‘end of the sleeve on 4x4 models and centered between the adiusting sleeve lock ring protrusions, position the bolts as described below. 8, £-160-260-360: after setting toe, the two ‘clamp bolts /nuts on the adjusting sleeve ‘must be positioned within a mit of 45 degrees (plus/minus) as shown with the threaded end of the bolts pointing down. 4. Recheck the toe alignment to make sure no b. F-150-250-950 and Bronco: after setting toe, the two clamp bolts nuts on each adjusting sleeve must be positioned within a limit of 45 degrees (plus/minus) as shown with the threaded end of the botts on the left-hand ‘sleeve pointing toward the front of the vehicle ‘and the threaded end of the bolts on the: right-hand sleeve facing rearward. raze cc. F-Super Duty: after setting toe, the clamp bbolt/nut on the right (tie rod) adjusting sleeve ‘must be positioned within a limit of 45 degrees (plus /minus) as shown with the threaded end of the bolt pointing forward, oniZonTaL FRONT OF VERICLE rain Aer setting toe, tne clamp bott/nut on the lett rag link) adlusting sleeve must be postioned within a imi of 45 degrees (plus minus) as shown with the threaded end ‘of the bolt pointing forward, Lert si0e eta - FRONT OF VEHICLE nomzdurat ran ‘changes occurred as the clamp nuts were tightened, 1094 Econoline 160, F260, #-950/Bronce/F Super Duly Body Chasse Aug 100304-00-15 ‘Suspension, Servic« (04-00-15 ————— ADJUSTMENTS (Continued) Vehicle Lean Correction 5. Tighten the spring U-boit sufficiently. The spring FrontLean bolt end should extend through shim into axle Measure the left and right front wheelhouse openings to ground as depicted in the Diagnosis and Testing portion of this section. Refer to the Front Whee! ‘Alignment Specifications chart for the specified limits (on their side-to-side difference of lateral tt. A vehicle within these limits would not have an objectionable lean appearance. However, i the aan is objectionable, perform the following to ediust: ¢ Vehicles with ront cod springs: ithe side-to-side citference is less than 19mm (3/4 inch) install a 6.35mm (1/4 inch) Service Shim (P/N '389 117-82) under the lowor spring seat on the low ‘side. No more than one shim is to be added. if there ide-to-side difference of 19mm (3.4 inch) ‘or more, remove the high side front coil spring from the Vehicle and compare t witha service replacement part ‘having the same part number. ifthe free height ofthe orginal equipment front coll spring exceeds the free height of the service part by 13mm (1/2 inch), install the service part in this location. If the free height of the original front coil ‘spring is smaller by at least 13mm (1/2 inch), remove the low side front coil spring. Compare the service front col spring to both ofthe orignal front col springs and select tha two front col springs most evenly matched Insta he higher Want col sre athe low side, © Vehicles with front leaf type springs: A service shim (D7TZ-8742-A) is between the spring and the axle, For F-Super Duty Commercial and Motorhome Chassis, follow instructions provided with Vehicle Attitude Kit F1DT-SK648-AA, Rear Lean A side-to-side lean at the rear ofthe vehicle can be adjusted by approximately 10mm (3/8 inch) by inetaling a shim between the rear spring and axle on the low side ofthe vehicle. A “low atthe rear” vehicle an be rsised approximately 10mm (3/8 inch) by inetallation of one shim on each side. Use the folowing procedure to install the shim (077Z-5742-A), 1. Raise the vehicle frame until the weightis off the fear springs but withthe tres stil touching the r 2. Loosen the spring U-botts to allow the axle to separate from the spring approximately 13mm (22inetn. 8. Position the shim (D7Z-5742-A) betwaen the spring and the spring seat and withthe tie bolt head through the hole inthe shim. On 4x4 vehicles, position the shim between the rear ‘spring and axle spacer. Tape may be used to hold the shimin position. 4. Make sure the spring leaves are properly aligned ‘and the spring U-bolts contact the edges ofthe spring assembly or axle seat lable that instals, seat hole. 6. Tighten U-bolt nuts to © 102-135 Nem (75-100 ft4b) on F-150 (4x2 and 4x4) and Bronco. © 204-282 Nom (160-2 10 ft-lb) on F-250-350 (4x2 and 4x4), ‘© 300-400 Nem (220-300 ftb) on F-Super Duty vehicles. © 97-194 Nen (72-98 ft-lb) on E-150. © 148-202 Nem (109-149 ftb) on E-250-360. For F-Super Duty Commercial and Motorhome Chassis, flow instructions provided in Rear Spring (Raise) Kit F 1DT-5A581-AA Steering Stop AIIF-150-250-360 4x2, F-Super Duty and, E-150-250-350 models have bull-n steering stops (A708) which cannot be altered. F-160-250-350 4x4 modole use a woldedin screw and locknut which is not adjustable. A spacer capis Used with wide tread tires on F-150 4x4, F-Super Duty Stripped Chassis models use a 13x 3.5 x 1/2 bolt as steering stop. ‘The chart below shows the degree position of the front wheels when checking the stop adjustment angles. Spindle Arm Stop Angle — Oegreee Vonicto Type Kingpin [Bal Joint 150 (6x2) Regular and Super Cab 8 see 250/350 (x2) Regular Cab, ‘Super Gab and Crew ob 350 350 -(60(4n4) Regular Cab, . Super Cab and Bronco = mao F260 (4x4) Regular Cob, ‘Super Cab and Grow Cab = sae F350 (4x4) Regular Gab, F-250H0 (4x4). = m3 400 8 240 with 10x18 ae re SPECIFICATIONS. Front Wheel Alignment Specifications. The following charts reflect vehicle alignments after shipment from the assembly plant and prior to any aftermarket and /or body-builder modifications. {B84 Econoine/F 160, F260, Fa60/Bronco/F Super Duly Body /Gnasale Aug 106804-00-16 ‘Suspension, Service 04-00-16 ‘SPECIFICATIONS (Continued) Alignment can be checked at any time to help © Alltires set to specified pressure ‘diagnose a problem. Always perform an inspection of oat the front end components and repair where necessary Al iro sizes comparable to original equpment Prior to attempting to adjust the alignment to © Vehicle configured to normal operated conditions ‘specication. Refer to Front End in the Diagnosis and (pot to exceed Max. Front GAWR, Max. Rear feating portion ofthis section. ‘GAWR, and/or Max. GVW) Vehicle conditions for checking alignment: © Vehicles which exceed the maximum average ° ‘caster value shown can resultin shimmy concerns. © Nodriver and/or passenger ‘© Vehicles operated below the minimum average Ful tuids ‘caster valve shown may result in wander and poor steering returnabilty concerns. ‘OPTIMUM CASTER, CAMBER, AND TOTAL TOE SETTINGS. ‘Camber “otatToe | Camber Spit | Castor Spit Optimum + etimum: | “Optimum | Optimum = onic Range range Range. ange F66) wae | ao | oo [ose | oee eae F250 zeae | 20 | 60 | ose | aw esa F-35058 sas | 20° | 60° | osreos | oreae sae F350 RW, ses | ior | 45' | oseos | ose reg F-Super Duty oes | 20 | so | oases | ose oeee Super Duty tipped Chassia ee | 20 | ss | orsas | ona ooe« 150 aes | 20 | 75 | oteos | aw haw 260 eas | 20° | re | coe ss | reat ro 5360 ees | 20 | re | oeae | oe eae rr) Bronce ae | 20 | oo [oeaes | ona eae F150 aca | 20° | 00° | osses | ose sae F280 ares | 20 | 60 | ossas | caw eae F360 oes | 20 | are | oeees | ose sae LEAN (SIDE-TO-SIDE HEIGHT DIFFERENCES) LEAN (SIDE-TO-SIDE HEIGHT DIFFERENCES) Front Front wnest | Rearwhaot | Roar End ot wheel | Rearwneot- | Rear End ot howe | house hous use | PlekUp Voricla | opening _| Opening venice | _openina | openina | Box ‘Al Except gor | 20mm Worommone and | 15mm | 20mm | 20mm Motomome and | Maxima | Maximum | Maximum Commercial | Maximum | Maximum | Maximum Gommercia! | (S/@meR | (Sr4incn) | (/4Imch) Cassisxe | (sraimend_| ¢araineny | (araincn) Chassie a2) DOGTRACKING DOGTRACKING ‘Centering of Front Tire Centerine of Front Ti Compared to Gente Vonicie Rat Toe Yonica Wotorome end "AI (Excapt Motorhome and mum (47 Commercial Chassis 4x2 ° Commercial Gnaasin xz) | S0™™Maximum (1-1/4 bch) TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS Description a Pinch Bol at Upper Ball Jon ores | 00s F-Series erie | 6508 "Baa Econoline F160, F260, FEO) ronco/F-SuperOuty Body Chassis Aug 195304-00-17 ‘Suspension, Service 04-00-17 ‘SPECIFICATIONS (Continued) PARTS CROSS-REFERENCE TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS (Cont'a) Seer | __Partame arate Description Two Bott 1215 __| Front Wheel Bearing 1080 48 eve ané, Bronee 18124 | Front Shock Absorber F280 300 4x8 and ant zoeze2 | 180210 a ery Super Duty Vehicles ‘300400 | 720-900 Sumer E180 arise] 7200 3048 | From Seapanion 250.550 726208 | ton 8 |__| rperpatison | For -Soper Duty 3080 | Front Susponeien Commerce! ena Motrmome Lowa rm Bal Jolt too tutions provises in Kit F 1DT-SA5B I-AA. 078 | Front Suspension Lower arm 710s | Front wneet spate ‘SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS GA1aT_ | Front Wheel Spina Inner Connecting Rod Ores _| oolNamber? Fi | Front conser Devetoton Nusration [sea Tearing Tour ano Prman At Par o 1994 Econoline +150, F-260, .950/Bronco/F- Super Duty Body/Chaual Aug 1009,04-014-1 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-01A-1 SECTION 04-01A Suspension, Front, 4x2 SUBJECT VEHICLE APPLICATION DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION ‘Axle, Front. Shock Absorber, Front Suspension... DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING. REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION. PAGE 1 O401A4 04-018-42 Front, F-Super Duty Gomeercial jan ‘Motorhome Chassis 04-018-43 Bushing, Spindle (04.014-26 Cambor Adjuster, F=160-280-350 4x2, '€- 180-250-380 with Ball Joints SUBJECT PAGE REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Cont'd.) ‘Shock Absorber, Front, E-150-250-350 nen. O4-01822 Front, F-150-250-350. Soao1A-23 9, Front, F-Super Duty Chas reial Chassis and Motorhome Chassis Vehicles Spring, Front, F-156-250-850 4x2 and ‘Track Bar, F-Super Duty Chassis Cab ‘Whoa Spindle, Front, F-150-250-350 4x2, E+150-250-350 with Ball Joints. Wheel Spindle, Front, F-Supec Duty . ADJUSTMENTS. ‘Whoel Bearings, F-150-250-250, F-Supt PARTS CROSS-REFERENCE.... VEHICLE APPLICATION F-160-260-260 4x2, E-160-260-350, F-Supor Duly Chassis Cab, Commercial Chassis and Motorhome, Chassis Vehicles DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Suspension ‘The F-150-250-350 4x2 and E-160-260-350 vehicles use front coll springs (53 10) with the two beam type {front axles. The front coll springs are mounted between the frame spring pocket and the axie. ‘The F-Super Duty Chassis Cab, Commercial Chassis ‘and Motorhome Chassis vehicles use tapered, single ‘stage, constant rate leat-type springs. The forward ‘ond of each spring is attached to a bracket on the frame sidemember. The rear end of each spring is shackled to a bracket on the frame sidemember. ‘Axle, Front ‘One end of each axieis attached to the front wheel spindle (3 105) and a radius erm, and the other end is ‘attached to frame pivot bracket on the opposite side ofthe vehicte. Each front whee! spindle is held in place on the axle by ball joints (F- 150-250-360 4x2) on -beam axles or a spindle pin (kingpin) (E- 180-250-260 and F-Supar Duty Series) which pivots on bronze bushings pressed in the upper and lower ends of the front wheel spindle ‘on forged beam axles. A thrust bearing is installed between the lowor end of the axle and the front wheel spindle to support the load on the axle. All vehicles. (except F-Super Duty Chassis and Motorhome ‘Chassis vehicles) have a steering arm which is an integral part of the front wheel spindle, 1904 Econaline F180, F280, F850 /Bronco/F Super Duty Body/Chesaie Aug 195804-01 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 LS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued) Shock Absorber, Front ‘The hydraulic front shock absorbers (18124) are of the direct, double-acting type. They provide a continuous dampening effect both on compression and rebound. These front shock absorbers are of telescopic design with rubber grommets at the mounting points for quiet operation. The front shock. absorbers are sealed and non-adjustable, and must be replaced as complete assemblies. sion, F-150-250-350 (4x2) roam Part Part item |__Number | Description ttem |__Number__| Description 1 | sBa16 ‘Upper Spring Seat (LH) 4 | 3007 Front Axle (LH) 2 | 3408 Radius 5 | 3006 Front Right Hand Axle 3 | 3106 Front Wheel Spindle (LH) 6 | 3106 Front Wheel Spindle (RH) (Continuee) 7 |ses16 Upper Spring Seat (RH) 1904 Econoline F180, F250, F-360/Bronco/F-Super Duly Body/Cheabie Aug 100304-014-3 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-01A-3 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued) Suspension, E-150-250-350 Part Part ltem | __Number | Description Item | Number __| Description 1 [teize Front Shock Absorber 3 [3007 From Axie (LH) 2_| 3008 Front Right Hand Axle 4 | 5310 Front Coil Spring Continued) 8 | 3405 ‘Arm, Radius 6_|3108 Front Whoo! Spindle (LH) 1894 Econoline F180, F280, F-G80/ Bonen’ Super Duly Body/Chessie Aug 108804-018-4 Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-01A-4 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued) ‘Suspension, F-Super Duty Chassis Cab Part Part Mtem | __Number | Description Item |__Number | Description + [38239 Front Track Bar Assembly 4 [5Ka83, Front Stabilizer Bar Link 2 | 18124 Front Shock Absorber 5 |ss10 Lent Spring a | 5340 Front Spring Mounting 8 }a010 Front Solid-Beam Axle Bracket 7 | axaie Froot Spring Shackle ‘Continued 8_| 28008 DragLink Assembly ‘Suspension, F-Super Duty Commercial and Motorhome Chassis 1994 Esonoline F160, F260, F SED" Bronco/ Super Oily Body Chews Aug 189304-014-5 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued) ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-0185 Part Part item | Number | Description tem | Number _ | Description 1 [sao Front Spring Mounting 3 [2010 ‘Axle Assombiy, Front Bracket 4 | 5340 Front Spring Mounting 2_|s310 Spring Aswembly. Front Bracket Toetnvedy 5 | rer24 Front Shock Absorber 6_|s4a6/saso0__| StabiizerBar Bracket DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING Refer to Section 04-00 oF 00-04 for diagnostic and testing procedures. CAUTION: The axle must be supported on the jack throughout spring removal and installation ‘and must net be permitted to hang by the front REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION ‘brake hose (2078). if the length of the front brake hose is not sufficient to provide adequ ‘clearance for removal and inetallation of the front ‘Spring, Front, F-150-250-350 4x2 and E-150-250-350 Removal 1, Raise the front of the vehicle and place safaty stands under the frame and a jack under the axle. Refer to Section 00-02 for hoisting instructions. Coil spring, the front disc brake caliper (28120) ‘must be removed from the front wheel spindle according to the procedures specified in Section 06-03. After removal, the front disc brake caliper must be placed on the frame or otherwise supported to prevent suspending the front disc brake caliper from the front brake hove. The Precautions are absolutely necessary to prevent serious damage to the tube portion of the caliper hose assembly. 2, Remove the wheel and tire assembly. Refer to Section 04-04. Econaline/-180, F280, F-380/Bronco/F Super Duty Body /Chaatis Avg 1003,04-018-6 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-0106 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Front Spring and Shock Absorber, F-150-250-350 (4x2) Part Part Item | __Number__| Description Item | __Number__| Description 1 | Neossa8 ‘Nut and Washer 34-48 Nm 14 | 38008 “Steering Arm and Drag Link (25-35 Fb) 18 | aooaes Nut 94.135 Nem 2 |5a393. Rotainer (70-100F Lb) 3 | rat24 Front Shock Absorber 16 | 542569 Cotter Pin 4 | 4oses Bol 18-24 Nem (13-18 FLD) 17 | ssses9 Nut 120-149 Nam 8 | 620468 Nut 37-50 Nm (27-37 F-Lb) (98-110F-Lb) 6 | ezode9 Nut 70-100 Nem re [3006/3007 | Front Axle (62-74Ft-Lb) 19 | 308727 (F-150) | Bolt 365-446 Nim 7 | re126 Lower Shock Bracket ‘389574 (268-329 FI-Lb) 3 | sososs Bolt (260-250) 9 | 38404 Caster and Camber Adiuster 20 | sosoes Bott 10 | 800837 Nut 65-88 Nem (48-65 Ft-Lb) B soe fad a it Front Suspension Upper Ball acivs Arm 3049 Front Suspension Upper Ba 3e | sese Ree 12 | 3105 (R10 Front Whee! Spindle 24 |6A307/5A316 | Lower Spring Seat 3108 (LH) 25 |sai4 Front Spring Insulator 13 | 3080 Eront Susponsion Lower Arm 28 | i883 Front Shock Absorber Ball Joint Mounting Bracket (Coniinusa 120) "904 Econoline F160, F280, F-360/ Bronco F Super Duly Body Chass "aug 190304-01A-7 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-01A-7 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Part Part tem | __Number | Description Nem | Number __| Description 27 [aaese. Nut 94-135 20 | 66318 Upper Spring Seat (69-100 Ft-Lb) 30_| 18198 Insulator 26_[sai0 Front Coll Spring ‘Continues 1994 Eoorotie/:- 180, F-250,F-360/ronco/F-Super Duty Body Chassis Aug 199304-0148 Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-0188 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) © | cen soinsen sce snore js E+150-250-350 ‘SAL AND 7.5L ENGINES ONLY enw rrsar-k rt Part Item | _Number__| Description Item | Number __| Description + [3007 Front Axle (LH) 7 [8020 Front Suspension Bumper 2 |wecsse2-s1s0 | Bolt m20-2.5x 208.6 Hex @ | Neozess-s2 | ScrowMs- 1.28 x 28Hox Flange E-250, £-360, Flange 25-35 Nn 2 |N@08501-8160 | Bolt M20-2.5x 194.7 Hex (19-28FtLb) Flenve @ | sasea estainer, Front Speing, - 2 | 18198 Ingulator, Shock Absorber Mounting, Lower 4 |N808246-S56 | Nut and Washer Assembly 10 | $310 Front Coll Spring ‘94-47 Nem (25°98 FY-LD) 11 | ser Front Spring Insulator 5 | 5asa3 Retainer, Front Spring, 12 | 18124 Front Shock Absorber Upper 13 |Neososs-se | Nut and Washer Assembly 6 |Nsozss6-s2 | ScrowMa-1.28%28Hox M12 1,75 68-92 Nem Flange 25-35 Nn (S0-68FtLD) (O9-26FtLb) Tonimwodd (Continues) (064 Econol04-014-9 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-018-8 ST REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (Continues Part Part tem | Number | Description Item | __ Number _| Description 14_[ N805028-5100 | NuIMZ0-2.5HexPlange 20 | NS00898-S60 | Bolt M12-1.75x 110Hex 255-345 Nom Flange 87-118 Nm (138-254 FtLb) (64-88Ft-Lb) 15 | s408 ‘Aum Assembly, Front Radius 21 | 38203 Insulator, Front Redius Arm, 16 | 36186 Retainer, Front Radius arm Inner Bushing ze |sresz Washer 3/4 Inch 17 | 38203 Insulator, Front Radius Arm 23 | sso02-s2 Nut 3/4-10Hex 108-162 Nm Bushing (20-119 FtLb) 18 | aB244 ‘Spacer, Front Radius Arm 24 | 36004 Bracket, Radius Arm (RH) Bracket 25 | s64a3 Inaulator Heat Shie'd Radius 19, | 36203 Bracket, Radius Arm (LH) aim 26 |Ne00808.S60 | Bolt Mt2-1.75x 110Hex Flange 87-119 Nm (64-88F Lb) 3. Disconnect the front shock absorber from the lower bracket. 4, Remove the spring upper retainer attaching bolts ‘F Screws from the top ofthe spring upper seat ‘and remove the retainer. 5. OnF-150-250-360 vehicles, remove spring lower insulator (6414) and axle. ‘OnE -160-250-350 vehicles, loosen atleast four ‘urns nut (NB05028) holding the lower spring ‘retainer, radius arm and axle. Push the joint bolt ‘up 60 lower spring retainer is free to tip. While tipping the lower spring retainer, if the front coll Spring over the retainer. Installation 1. For F-150-250-350 vehicles, install the front coil ‘spring and slowly raise the axle ‘On E-150-260-350 vehicles, tip the front col ‘pring over the loosely attached lower spring ‘retainer and orient the insulator’s "D shape” into the springs’ bottom coil. Slowly raise the axle and ‘orient the springs’ upper collinto the front spring towers’ helix. 2. OnF-150-250-350 vehicles, position the spring lower retainer over the stud, front spring insulator ‘and seat, and install attaching nut 8. Position the upper retainer over the front coil ‘spring and against the spring upper seat, and instal attaching screw. 4, Tighton the upper retainer attaching and lower retainer attaching nut to specifications as follows: F-180-250-350: Upper Retainer, 18-24 Nem (13-18 fb) Lower Retainer, 95-135 Nem (70-100 ft) E-180-260-360: Upper Retainer, 26-96 Nem (19-26 fb) Lower Retainer, 255-345 Nim (188-264 tt1b) 5, On F-160-250-350 vehicles, connect the front shock absorber to the lower bracket. Install the lower bolt with the head towards the tre and tighten the nut to 70-100 Nem (52-74 feb). ‘On E-150-250-950 vehicles, connect the front shock absorber to the radius arm stud and tighten to 68-02 N-m (50-88 fb). 6. Install the whoo! and tire assembly. Refer to Section 04-04, Remove the jack and safety stands and lower the vehicle. ‘Spring, Front, F-Super Duty Chassis Cab, Commercial Chassis and Motorhome Chat Vehicles Refer to the following illustrations and procedure for front spring removal and installation Removal 1. Raise vehicle frame (6005) until the weights off the front springs with wheels stil touching floor. 2. Support front axte with jacks to remove weight from the spring U-bolts. 3. Remove front shock absorber-to-spring spacer rut and washer. Disconnect the front shock absorber from the spring spacer. 4. Remove sprngto-he fon spring shackle nut and 5. Remove spring torte front spring bracket ut and 6. Remove the four U-bolt nuts. Remove the jack bracket or stabilizer bar bracket (5486). Remove the U-bolts, 7. Remove the spring trom the vehicle. Installation 1. Position the spring at the spring seat on the front axle assembly (3001) and align the spring eye with mating hola in front spring shackia. 1904 Econoline/-180, F-280, F-360/ Bronco Super Duly Body Cheval Avg 190304-014-10 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-01A-10 2. Prior to installation, coat the bushing with Premium Long-Lite Grease XG-1-C or -K (ESA-M1C76-B) or equivalent. Gently guide the bott through the shackle and spring eye. 4. Install the retaining nut. On F-Super Duty Chassis, ‘Cab Vehicles, tighten to 169-203 Num (120-160 {tlb), On F-Super Duty Commercial and ‘Motorhome vehicles, tighten the nut to 100-150 Nem(74-111 fb). 5. Align the spring eye with mating hole in spring bracket. 6. Coat the bushing with Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or -K (ESA 1C75-B) or equivalent. 7. Gently guide the bolt trough the bracket and ‘spring eye. Install the retaining nut. Tighten nut 1203-285 Nem (150-210 ftib). 8. Position the spring the spring (Chassis Gab only). .c6r on the locating boss in to 10. 1" 12, 18. 14, Install the U-botts. Install the jack bracket or stabilizer ber bracket on the forward U-bol. Install the four U-bolt nuts to 118-163 Norn (85-120 ft4b) for F-Super Duty Chassis Cab vehicles, and to: 300-407 Nem (221-300 ft-b) for F-Super Duty Commercial and Motorhome Chassis vehicles. Install shock to spring spacer nut and washer. Install front shock absorber to the spring spacer. Tighten to 70- 100 Nem (52-74 ft1b) on F-Super Duty Chassis Cab and to 300-407 Num (221-300 ftib) on F-Super Duty Commercial and Motorhome Chassis vehicles. Remove the jacks from under the front axle assembly. Lower the vehicle. 7904 Econoline 150, F250, F507 Bronce/F Super Duly Body/Ghaasla Aug 109304-01-11 Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-010-11 SS REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Front Spring, Shock Absorber and Tracking Bar, F-Super Duty Chassis Cab 1994 Econoline F160, F260, 250] Gronco P-Supe’ Duty Body Chasse Ava 100804-014-12 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Pa an tem | _niabor _ | nescpin tom | _nisabor | nescpion aamones Vdo eas erases rssh 2 |rezoass | har so a» [mesons |e isaeahen eres art) wasarenti & [amu | acevo s |recooa: Bo 22 | amoreesioo | mc tat SATE eo, 7 fra | Rou sector a+ |somoss | none 2 |reorser | emer 2% |meotrasiss |r 30140 3 |neczis pe oteanits 18 |eosnar |e aen os | reawocsieo |ras gerne wt |neerion [it tersanlty 1 [esesaeg Err spo noun toseaRdsS 13 | Neo1s28 Bolt 38 | a8239 Track Bar sa |Nao2115 Bolt 104-149 Nem ‘30 |wBosse0-Ge | Bok sat «2 [morte |raveoenmcassortu we |reaiaeose —|aurrsc0 en ‘2 |necsroe |r ete ‘2 [Sea | Fo stsiserbertin v7 | no |e [errr |Obwraner ve | sc Soins Seer ‘ |e Uwe Sperm ws [asus [elas satire w |meorsze [on «o |ous Fron Sai’ a 2 |meooors [ect ot iso [Scns ze [Ser [Spc ont we Jaouas — |aatsrornacsasrun 2 |mesoese — |ulrregseanen ws [fees | Ron tonne tasaoency wee x |neratee —|cateron vo |reosoon |r ds [Setar |rostneussseny & |aesoee— |iastaonncisaoreis ot #3 [oe Banper assay 7994 Eeonol 7-160, F860, F-360/ Bronco F Super Duty Body Chassis Aug 198904-01-13 Suspension, Front, 4x2 (04-01-13 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Stooring Damper, F-Super Duty Chassis Cab STEERING LINKAGE ROD AND LURK ASSEMBLY Soo0e NUT AND WASHER ASSEMBLY NBose4E $35 (aos Fra) AND WASHER ‘haoeeae pied esssrrtsl steesins [CAMPER INSMLATOR co STEERING STEERING DAMPER INSULATOR AMEE asseMaty —NEOS8E2 see6t pac ‘E683 Nego086 Ne20468 33846 34809 36651 Neossa6 Ne01423 36652 Ne20483 ‘Steering Shock Absorber Bracket (LH) Washer Nut M10x1.521-30Nm (15-22FeLe) Nut 65-90N-m (48-66 Ft-Lb) Spring Lock Washer Steering Shock Absorber Bolt M12-1.75x 75 Bolt Mt2-1.75x75 ‘Steering Shack Absorber Bracket (RH) Nut 12x 1.78 42-66 Nom (31-49 FULD) "994 Econoline 160,250, F'360/Bronco/F Super Duty Body Chasse Avg 100804-014-14 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Front Spring and Shock Absorber, F-Super Duty Commercial Chassis and Motorhome Chassis Vohiclos ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-01A-14 Part Part item |__Number__ | Description Item | Number | Description 1 | Nezo«ss-S2 | Nut 40-84 Nom (90-47 FLD) 4 [5340 Front Spring Mounting 2 | nszoaea-s2 | Nut77-110Nm Bracket 67-81 FULD) 8 |sose17 Bott 3} sa010 Bracket 6 | 4730 Roar Axle Bumpor ‘Conuinuea) (Continued) 1904 Eooraline/F-180, F-260, F-360/Bronco/F-Super Duly Body/Chasela Aug (00304-14-15 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-01A-15, REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Whee! Spindle, Front, F-Super Duty ‘SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS) REQUIRED Description Tool Number od End Remover ToOL.92800 Removal 1. Raise the front of the vehicle and instal safety stands. 2. Remove the wheel and tire assembly. Refer to Section 04-04. 3. Remove the front disc brake caliper from the. rotor and wire it out of the way. lefer to Section 06-03. ‘washer, and front wheel bearing outer cone and roller (1216). Remove the rotor from the front wheel spindle. 6. Remove front wheel bearing inner cone and roller (1201) and wheel hub grease seal (1190). Discard the wheal hub grease seal a Part Part ttem |__Number _ | Description tem | __ Number _| Description 7 | wiz Front Shook Absorber 17 [eas “Stabilizer Bar Brackel 8 | 5310 Front Spring te | 5455 U-Bolt 10 | 18183 Front Shock Absorber 18 }Naceos1-s | Rivet Mounting Bracket 20 | sean Shackle 11 | a4eez Washer 21 [205390 Bolt 12 | 58749 Bolt 22 | Nezo4s«.see | Nut 100-150 Nm 1a | 58742 Bolt (Ta NTFULB) 14 | 58756 Bolt 23 | soars Bott 15 | seeoszse ‘Nut 800-407 Neen 24 | Neaoasa-s2 | Nut 77-1100 (220-300 Ft-Lb) (67-81 FtLb) 16_| 3001 Front Axle Assembly 28 | soszs4 Bott Teontaued) 26 | Ne2048s-s2 | Nut 200-280 N-m (148-207 Fb) 8. Disconnect the steering linkage from the spindle 4, Remove the dust cap, cotter pin, ut retainer, nut, 7. Remove front disc brake rotor shield (2K004). Refer to Section 06-03. ‘armby removing the cotter pin and ut, and remove front whee! spindle connecting rod (8280) from the spindle arm with Tie od Ené Remover TOOL-3280-D. 9. On Commercial Chassis and Motorhome Chassis vehicles, disconnect the steering sector shaft arm drag link (3304) trom the steering arm (left side) with Tie Rod End Remover TOOL-3290-D. 10. Remove lock pin nut and lockwasher. Remove the lock pin, 11. Remove the upper and lower spindle pin plugs. 12. Using an appropriate punch, drive the spindle pin ‘out from the top of the front axle assembly, 13. Remove the front wheel spindle and thrust bearing 14, Remove the spindle pin seal and thrust bearing, Ta04 Ecoroline/ F160, F260, F980/Bronce/F Super Duly Body Ghasnle Aug 100204-014-16 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-01A-16 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Front Wheel Spindle, F-Super Duty with Spindle Pins Part Part ttem | _Number | Description Wom | Number | Description 1 [10s Front Wheel Spindle 5 [sree ‘Spindle Pin Lock Balt 2 | aBaas Grease Plug 6 | 001 Front Axle Assembly 3 [sive Spindle Pin Seal 7 | 3123 “Thrust Bearing 4 [ats Spindle Pin 8 | 34793, Spindle Pin Locknut and ‘Continues et 1904 Econoline /F° 160, F250, 3807 Bronco/F Super Duty Body/Chasale Aug 108804-014-17 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) 04-01A-17 Front Wheel Spindle, Typical, F-Super Duty Commercial Chassis and Motorhome Chassis. Le le) roast | Part Part Item |__Number__| Description Item | _Number__| Description 1 [sive Spindle Pin Seat 10 [3130 ‘Spindle Arm 2 |au7 Shim (3 Thicknesses) 11 | 3260 Front Wheel Spindle 3 | ai22 Pin Spindle Bolt Connecting Rod 4 faBass Grease Plug 12 }3105 Front Whee! Spindle 5s [ars Spindte Pin 13 | 389029 Bolt 6 | 72109 Cotter Pin 14 | 3138 Key 7 | sasz19-s2 Nut 78-105 Nem 18 [3146 ‘Steering Arm (55-77 Fb) 16 | 3123 Thrust Bearing @ | ss002-82 Locknut 50-70 Nm 17 | 3467-82 ‘Nut 50-70 Nem (97-52 Ft-Lb) (B7-52FtLb) 18 | 3001 Front Axle Assembly s_|z2071 Cotter Pin 19 | 34703 Lockwasher (Continued) 20 |— Bushing (Part of 3105) 1904 Econo F180, F-250,F-380 Bronco Super Duly Body Cheese Aug 199304-01A-18 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-14-18 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Installation 1. Make sure the spindle pin hole in the front axle sembly is free of nicks, burrs, corrosion or foreign material. Clean bore as necessary and lightly coat the surface with a lithium-base ease, Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or-K ESA 1C7ER) or equivalent Install a new spinal pin seal with the metal backing facing up towards the bushing nto the {front wheal spindle as shown, 3. Gently press seal into position; do not distort the casing. 4. Ingtall anew thrust bearing with the lip flange facing down towards the lower bushing as shown, 5. Press until the bearings firmly seated against the ‘surface of the front whee! spindle, sea (METAL BACKING ‘TOWARD BUSHING) FRONT SHIN) ANE ascemety AD.USTING SHINS ‘oo d FureR Duty nw cane Fuse 6. Lightly coat the bushing surfaces with grease and place the front shoal spindle in postion on the front axle assembly 7. Hold the front wheel spindle with thrust bearing in place tight against the front axle assembiy and sure the space between the front axle ‘assembly and the front wheel spindle at the top of tho front axle assembly. the vehicle uses shims, select the proper shims and install 8. Install the spindle pin with the “T" stamped ‘one end towards the top. Allan pin notch with lock pin hote in front axte assembly. 8, Insert the spindle pin through the bushings and front axle assembly from the top until the spindle pin notch and axle lock pinhole are aligned. 10. Install the lock pin withthe threads pointing ‘forward and the wedge groove facing the spindle pin notch. Firmly drive the lock pin into position ‘and mount the lockwasher and nut. Tighten the rut to specifications given inthis section. 11. Install the spindle pin plugs into the threads at the top and bottom ofthe front wheel spindle, Tighten the plugs to 48-67 Nem (35-48 fb), 12. 18. 14, 16, 16. 17, 18. 19 Lubricate the spindle pin and bushings with Long-Life Premium Grease XG-1-C or -« (ESA-M1C75-B) or equivalent, through both ‘itings until grease is visible seeping past the upper seal atthe top and from the thrust bearing slip joint at the bottom. N grease does not appear, recheck the installation procedure to correct the problem. Lack of adequate lubrication wallresult in rapid ‘allure of the spindle components. Install the tront disc brake rotor shield. Refer to Section 06-03. Pack the front wheel bearing inner cone and roller and front wheel bearing outer cone and roller with bearing grease. Use a bearing packer. Ha bearing packer is unavailable, pack the beering ‘cone by hand working the grease through the ‘cage behind the rollers. Install the front wheel bearing inner cone and roller and wheel hub grease seal es described in this section. install the hub and rotor on the front ‘wheel spindle. {nstal the front wheel bearing outer cone and ‘oller, washer, and nut. Adjust bearing end play. Install the nut retainer, cotter pin and dust cap as described in this section, Install the front disc brake caliper as described in Section 06-03. Connect the steering tie rod and drag link to front ‘wheel spindle, if equipped. Tighten the nut to ‘specifications given inthis section. Advance the ‘ut as required for installation of the cotter pin. Install the wheel and tire assembly Lowar the vehicle. ‘Check and, if necessary, adjust the toe setting Reter to Section 04-00. Check the brakes for Proper operation ‘Wheel Spindle, Front, F-150-250-350 4x2, E- 150-250-350 with Ball Joints SPECIAL SERVICE TOOL(S) REQUIRED Description ToolNumber Te Rod End Remover TOOL-3200.0 1 2 8. Removal Raise the front ofthe vehicle and install safety stands, Remove the wheel and tire assembly. Refer to Section 04-04, Remove the front disc brake caliper from the rotor and wire it out of he way. Refer to Caliper Removal instructions in Section 06-03, Remove the dust cap, cotter pin, nut retainer, nut, washer, and rot whael bearing outer cone nd « 1904 Econoline F180, F260, F580 Bronco’ F Super Duly Body (Chassie Aug 198804-014-19 Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-014-19 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) 5. Remove the rotor from the front wheel spindle. Front Wheel Spindle, F-150-250-350 4x2 Part item | __Number__| Description ‘35404 Camber Adjuster 00895 Nut 94-136 Nm (70-100FtLb) 800037 Nut 65-88 Nem (40-65 Ft-Lb) 3049 Front Suspension Upper Ball Joint 3080 Front Suspension Lower Arm Ball Joint 3105/6 Front Wheel Spindte 842589 Gotterin 3304 Steering Sector Shaft Arm Drag Link 82409 ‘Nut 129-149 en (95-1 10Ft-Lb) 388727 Bolt 385-446 Nm (269-328 Fi-Lb) 3001 Front Axle Assembly 08085 lamp Bot ‘Continued Part Part tem | Number _ | Description Item | Number _| Description + | 3007/6 6 | 883480-5100 | Nut 3/4-16 Hex Slot 148-202 2 |at05/6 Nem (109-148 F-Lb) 3. | s8008 Rod and Link Aat 7 | 98404 Adjuster, Front Suspension, Steering Upper + |waoo8es.856 j Nut M14x2.0Hex Slot 6 |Ns0es0s2 | BolM12.1.75x60Hex 5 | nesz69-s36 | Pin Cotter Flange 87-119 Non (64-88 FU-Lb) 6. Remove front whee! bearing inner cone and roller ‘and wheel hub grease seal. Discard the seal. 7 Section 06-03. Flemove front disc brake rotor shield. Refer to 1904 Eeonolne 160, F250, 8607 Bronce’ Supes Duty Body/ Chase hog 1090(04-01-20 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) ‘8. Disconnect the steering inkage from the integral front wheel spindle and spindle arm by removing the cotter pin and nut and then removing the front ‘wheel spindle connecting rod from the spindle ‘arm with Tie Rod End Remover TOOL-3280-D. 9. Remove the cotter pin and castellated nut from the lower balljoint stud. 10. Remove the nut from the axle clamp bolt and remove tha bol from the axle. 111. Remove the camber adjuster from the upper ball joint stud and axle beam. It required, use Ball Joint Removing Tool D8 1T-3010-B or equivalent to remove adjuster CAUTION: Do not use a pickle fork to separate the ball Joint from the axle as this will damage the ‘seal and the ball joint socket. 12. Strike the inside area of the axle as shown to pop lower ball joints loose from the axle beam. 18. Remove the tront whee! spindle and ballon trom Installation 1. Place the front wheel spindle and the ball joints into the axle. ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-014-20 2, _Installlower ball oint stud nut and tighten to 4128-149 Nem (85-1 10 ft4b) for F-160-250-360 vehicles, and to 148-202 Nom (109-148 fb) for E-150-250-360 vehicles, and continue tightening the castellated nut unt itlines up with the hole in the stud. instal the cotter pin NOTE: lt camber adjustmentis necessary, special adjusters must be installed. Retar to Section 04-00. 8. Install the camber adjvater in the upper front ‘wheel spindle over the upper ball joint stud. Align lagjuster property. 4, Install the clamp bolt and nut into the axle boss. “Tighten the nut to 65-88 N-m (48-85 fb) for F-180-250-360 vehicles and to 87-119 Nem (64-86 ft4b) for E-150-250-350 vehicles, ‘5, Install the front disc brake rotor shield. Refer to Section 06-03. 6. Pack the front wheel bearing inner cone and roller ‘and front wheel bearing outer cone and roller with allthium-base grease, Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or -K (ESAMIC76-8) or equivalent. Use ‘a bearing packer. Ia besring packer is unavailable, pack the bearing cone by hand ‘working the grease through the cage behind the rollers. 7. Install the front whee! bearing inner cone and roller and wheel hub grease seal as described in this section. 8, Install the hub and rotor on the front wheel spindle, 8. Insta the front whee! bearing outer cone and roller, washer, and nut. Adjust bearing end play. 10. Install the nut retainer, cotter pin and dust cap as ‘described in this section, 11. Install the front disc brake caliper as described in Section 06-03, 12. Connect the steering linkage to the front wheel “Tighton the nut to 94-136 Nem (70-100 {t1b) for F-160-250-360 vehicies, and to 70-100 Nem (62-74 ft1b) for E- 150-250-950 vehicles, and advance the nut as required for instalation of the cotter pin. 418, Install he whee! and tre assembly. 14, Lower the vehicle. 18. Check, and ifrecessary, adjust the toe setting Refer to Section 04-00, 18. Chack the brakes for proper operation, Grease Seal and Bearing, Front Wheel ‘SPECIAL SERVICE TOOL(S) REQUIRED [-beseriction Toor: Seatheplacs 17a 1190-8 Drive Handle 001-4000 1904 Econoline/ 150, F250, F-380/Bronco/F-Supe Duly Body [Chassis Aug (00S04-018-21 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-010-21 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Removal NOTE: Sodium-base grease is not compatibie with lithium -base grease and should not be intermixed. ‘Therefore, do not lubricate front or rear wheel bearings without first identifying the type of original ‘whee! bearing lubricant. Usage of incompatible bearing hibricants could result in premature lubricant breakdown, ‘Whee! bearing lubricants ithium base grease, Premium Long-Life Grease XG-1-C or (ESA:M1C75-B) or equivalent. IW bearing adjustment will not eliminate looseness or rough and noisy operation, the hub and bearings should be cleaned, inspected, and repacked with ‘specified wheel grease. the bearing cups or the cone and roller assemblies are worn or damaged, they should be replaced 1. Raise the vehicle uni the tire clears the floor and ‘emove the wheel and tire assembly from the hub and rotor as described in Section 06-03. CAUTION: Do not let the front disc brake caliper hhang with its weight on the front brake hose or the front breke hose may become stretched, twisted or ruptured. 2, Plemove the front disc brake caliper (refer to ‘Section 06-03), and wire to the underbody to prevent damage. Do not disconnect the front brake hose from the caliper. 3. Remove the grease cap, cotter pin, retainer, adjusting nut and washer. 4. Remove the front wheel bearing outer cone and 5, _Pullthe hub and rotor off the front wheel spindle. Remove and discard the wheel hub grease seal 6. Remove the front wheel bearing inner cone and roller from the hub, 7. Remove alltraces of old bbricant from bearings, hub and front whee! spindle. 8. Inspect the cups for scratches, pits or cracks. the cups are worn or damaged, remove with a eit. ®. Clean the front whee! bearing inner cone and roller and tront wheel bearing outer cone and roll with solvent and dry thoroughly. Do not spin the bearings dry with compressed air. 10. inspect the cones and rollers for cracks, nicks, brineling, or seized rollers. Inspect the grease ‘otainer and replace if cracked, nicked, dented, or worn 11. Cover the front whee! spindle with a clean loth 2nd brush allloose dust and dit from the brake ‘assembly using Rotunde Brake and Clutch ‘Service Vacuum 091-ROOO1 or equivalent. 12, Remove the cloth from the front wheel spindle Carefully to prevent cit from fang onthe front wheel spindle. Installation 1. {front whee! bearing inner cup (1202) or outer bearing cup was removed, install aplacemont Inner and outer bearing cups in the hub with the ‘appropriate bearing cup replacer too) (refer to the ‘Special Service tool chart in the Specifications Portion ofthis section) and Driver ‘T8OT-4000-W. 2. Property seat cups in hub. The cups are properly ‘seated when fully bottomed. 3, Replace grease retainers. Polish grease retainer journal on front wheel spindle with 400 grt ‘sandpaper. Ciean with clean cloth. CAUTION: Make sure front wheel spindle and hub are clean prior to application of lubricant. 4, Pack the inside of the hub with ithium-base grease, Premium Long:Lite Grease XG-1-C of -K (ESA-M1C75-8) or equivalent. Fill the hub unt the greases flush with the inside diameters of ‘both bearing cups, 5. Pack the bearing cones and rollers with wheel bbearing grease. Use a bearing packer, Rotunda ‘model 108-0074, 108-0076, 108-0078 or ‘equivalent. fa packer is not avallable, work as much lubricant as possible between the rollers and ‘cages. Lubricate the cone surfaces with grease. 1894 Ezonoline F150, F250, F-960/Bronco/ Super Duly Body Chas iaAvg 190304-01A-22 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-014-22 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) NOTE: Ditforent vehicles having different size bearings and whee! hub grease seals will require & different seal replacer. 6. Place the front wheel bearing inner cone and roller in the front whee! bearing inner cup and. instal the new wheel hub grease seal with an appropriate tool such as Seal Replacer T7ST-1190-B. Bo sure that the wheel hub grease seals fully bottomed ray CAUTION: Keep the hub centered on the front wheel spindle to prevent damage to grease retainer or spindle threads. 7. staf the hub and rotor on the front whee! spindle. 8. instal the outer bearing cone, roller and front ‘wheel outer bearing retainer washer (1195) on the front wheel spindle 9. Install the adjusting nut, and adjust the whee! bearing as described under Adjustmentsin this section. 10. Install the retainer and new cotter pin bending both ends of cotter pin in opposite direction ‘around retainer. Install grease cap. 11. Install the front disc brake caliper. Refer to ‘Section 06-03. 12. Install the whee! and tire on the hub as described in Section 04-04. 13. Lower vehicle and tighten whee hub bolt nuts (1012) to specification given in this section. Install the whool cover or whes! hub cap (1130). 14. Before driving the vehicle, pump the brab (2485) several times to restore normal brake pedal travel. CAUTION: On vehicles equipped with single rear wheels (1007), retighten wheel hub bolt nuts to the specified torque at 500 miles (800 km) of new vehicle operation and at the intervale specified in the seperate Maintenance Sciedule and Record 08. ‘On vehicles equipped with dual rear wheels. ‘otighten the whee! hub bott nuts to the specified torque at 100 miles (160 km), and again at 500 miles (800 km) of new vehicle operation end at the intervals specified in the separate Maintenance Schedule and Record Log. ‘Also retighten at 500 miles (800 km) after any wheel change or any time the wheel hub bolt nuts are loosened. Failure to retighten whee! hub bott nuts at mileage specified could allow wheels to come off while the vehicle is in motion, possibly causing oss of vehicle control and collision. 16. Retighten the wheel hub bolt nuts. Reter to the caution above. Failure to retighten the wheel hub bolt nuts could result in the wheel coming off while the vehicle i in motion, ‘Shock Absorber, Front, E-180-260-350 CAUTION: The low pressure gas front shock. absorbers are charged with nitrogen gas to 931 kPa (135 psi). Do not attempt to open, puncture or apply heat to the front shock absorbers. Removal 4. Insert a mecium-depth socket from the front side cof the spring upper seat, or insert a wrench from the rear side ofthe spring upper seat to hold the {ont shock absorber upper retaining nut. 2. Loosen the stud by turing the hex provided on the exposed (ower) pert of the stud and remove the nut. 3. Disconnect the lower end of the front shock absorber from the lower bracket bolt and nut. 4. Remove the front shock absorber, washers and rubber insulators. Installation 1. When instaling a tront shock absorber, use a new rubber insulator. Push the insulator down through ‘the hole in the spring tower. 2. Place the front shack absorber's bayonet into the ‘upper insulator and slide the lower bushing of the {ront shock absorber over the radius arm stud. Tighten the shock absorber lower nut and washer assembly to 68-92 Nem (50-68 ftib), 1004 Ecovolne/ 160, F250, F-950/Gronco/F Super Duly Body/Chassia Aug 100304-014-23 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 3. While holding the nut as described in Step 1 of Removal, tighten to 34-47 Nem (25-36 ft-1b) by turning the hex provided on the stud. NUT AND WASHER ASSEMBLY Ne08248 S56 S47 ten (2555 ‘assewacy eoeess Se esenm oes TL ovr shins an ASSEMBLY 3405 reac Shock Absorber, Front, F-150-250-350 CAUTION: The low pressure gas front shock absorbers are charged with nitrogen gas to 931 kPa (135 pel). Do not attempt to open, puncture ‘or apply heat to the front shock absorbers. Removal 1. Insert a wrench from the rear side of the upper ‘spring seat to hold the front shock absorber rotaining nut in place. 2. Loosen the stud by turing the hex provided on the exposed (lower) part of the stud and remove the nut and washer. 3. Disconnect the lower end of the shock absorber {from the lower bracket by removing the nut and bot. 4. Compress the front shock absorber and remove {rom veticle. 5. Cutout the insulator from the upper spring seat. Installation 4. Coat the upper spring seat with a soap solution ‘and install a new one-piace insulator in the seat, 2. Insert the upper front shock absorber stud ‘through the insulator. Install the steo! washer and hand start the nut. Insert a wrench from the rear of the upper spring ‘seat to hold the upper nut stationary. 5. Tighten the hex on the front shock absorber to 94-48 Nem (25-35 ft). 6. Position the front shock absorber in the lower bbracket. install the bolt so the bolt head faces the Install the nut and tighten to 70-100 Nm (52-74 feb), ‘Shock Absorber, Front, F-Super Duty Chassis Cab, Commercial Chassis and Motorhome Chassis Vehicles Removal 1. Remove front shock absorber nut end bolt to the ‘upper front shock absorber mounting bracket (8183) 2. Remove front shock absorber nut and bolt to the ‘eyes onthe spring spacer. 3. Remove the front shock absorber from the vehicle. Installation 1. Position the front shock absorber in the upper front shock absorber mounting bracket. Install {he nut and bolt and tighten to specification ag tolows 2. Position the lower end af the front shock absorber in the spring spacer eyes. instal the nut ‘and bot and tighten to specication as follows. ‘© F-Super Duty Chassis Cab Upper and Lower, 59-72 Nem (99-53 Hb) ‘¢ F-Super Duty Commercial and Motorhome Upper and Lower, 800-407 Non 221-200 ft 1994 Ecovoline F160, F250, 3507 Bronco F Super Duly Body Chess Aig 1988 04-014-2304-018-24 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-014-24 ie ® F.supen purty commencia, AND IMOTORMOME CHASSIS VEHICLES F-SUPER DUTY CHASSIS CAB VENCLES rary Part tom | Number _| Description 1 [e124 Front Shook Absorber 2 | 5874952 Bolt 3/4-10x 4.0HexHead 3 | 38305352 | washe 4 | s4902-82 Nut 3/4:10Hex Flange 300-407 Nem (221-300 Fb) 5 | se7s6-s2 Bolt 3/4-10 x 7.0 Hex Hess 6 | Neozt1s-s2 | Bolt 7 |Naosase-100 | Nut and Washer M12-1.75 Hex 53-72 Nin (39-53 FtLb) 8 | sas ‘Spacer, Front Spring Plate 9 | Ne2oses-s2 | Nut87-103Nm (64-76F Lb) ‘(Continued Part tom | _Number__| Description 10 _[Na01527-S2 [Washer a Ball Joints, Upper and Lower, F-150-250-350 4x2, E-150-250-350 ‘SPECIAL SERVICE TOOL(8) REQUIRED Description Joint Too, TeolNumber T74P-4695-¢ Removal 1. Remove the front wheel spindle end balljoint assembly from the axle 28 described inthis section under Front Wheel Spindle, F-150-250-350 4x2, E-160-260-360 with Ball ints, NOTE: Lower balljoint must be removed first. 2. _ Install the front wheel spindle in a vise and remove the snap ring from the lower ball joint 3. Remove the lower ball joint from the front wheel spindle using U-Joint Tool 74P-4635-C and Receiver Cup D81T-3010-A5 or equivalent. 4, Turn the forcing screw clockwise unti the ball joint is removed from the front wheel spindle. LOWER BALL JOWNT REMOVAL, pecerven cur 1904 Econoline F180, F'280, F350/Bronco/F Super Duly Body /Chassia Aug 100304-014-25 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-014-25 CAUTION: Do not heat the bail joint or the front wheel spindle to aid in removal. 5. Assemble U-Joint Tool and cup on the upper ball joint, and turn forcing ecrew clockwise until balt [bint is removed from the front wheel spindle. cue uo 1000 perraoroas Tranease reno Installation NOTE: Upper bal joint must be installed into the front wheel spindle first. ‘NOTE: Individual ball joint tools are included in Ball Joint Adapter Set 08 1T:3010-A. CAUTION: Do not heat the ball joint or axle to aid in installation. 1. Toinstall the upper ball joint, assemble C-Frame ‘Assembly, Ball Joint Receiver Cup D8 17-3010-A6 and Installation Cup 817-30 10-A1 end DB1T-3010-A3 or ‘equivalents inside cup D81T-3010-A4 or ‘equivalent in position on the front wheel spindle. 2. Turn forcing screw clockwise until ball joint is seated. venation f uso AND ADAPTORS. DeNTSOIOAT AND AY ‘foou TPaBise rasa 3. Toinstail the lower balljoint, assemble the C-Frame in position on the front wheel spindle and repeat Step 1 ‘4. Install the snap ring onto the ball joint. istaLdarion cu errata receiver cu Dertaotoas ‘vsoINt TOOL ‘rapusase 8. Install the spindle and ball joint assembly ag describedin this section 1884 Econoline 150, P80, F.450/ Bronco F Super Duty BoayGhasele Aug 196804-014-26 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-018-26 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Bushing, Spindle SPECIAL SERVICE TOOL(S) REQUIRED Description ‘Tootwumber Busting Replacer Tear310-aH Kieg Pin Replacer Teer 3110-84 DriverHandle Te0T-4000-W Removal and installation NOTE: On the F-Super Duty, the bronze spindle bushings have an inside diameter of 33mm (1.8017 1.302 inch). 1. Remove the front wheel spindle as described in {this section. Install the front wheel spindle in a vise. Spindle Bushing, Cutaway Viow ‘TOP BRONZE SPINDLE ‘BUSHING'31100 [BOTTOM BRONZE SPINDLE RUSHING 21700 rane =a) + Srawhwe se ton Tor rae ery susting MSTALATION mean BusHina RerLAceR yar strat esureRouT) 4, gaBESTIOAN owen ano B sraKon es USE FOR BOTTOM (FORF-SUPER DUTY) gulgmG MS TALLATION 2. Remove and discard the seal from the bottom of ‘the upper bushing bore of the upper spindle yoke. 3. Remove and install the top spindle bushing. NOTE: Each side of the Bushing Replacor Driver is ‘marked with a "T" ora "B". Use the side with tho I the top spindle bushing. Use the " stamping to install the bottom NOTE: The bushing must be installed on the tool go the ‘open end grooves willface outward whan installed. 4. Install the driver handle through the bottom bore. Position a new bushing on the "T" side stamping ‘of the bushing replacer. 5. Position the new bushing and driver over the old. bushing, insert the handle Into the driver and drive the old bushing out while the row bushing is driven in. Drive until the tools seated. 6. Bushing wil then be seated at the proper depth (@.eanm {0.080 ine minimum om boron o ‘upper spindle boss). orwven HAN oo sane W we suren com BUSHING susting RerACeR. cesurenoury) Taaranoan 1884 Econoine F150, F250, F-950/Bronco/F-Supar Duly Body/Ghaesia Avg 109304-014-27 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-01A-27 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) NOTE: The bushing must be installed on the tool so the ‘open-end grooves will face outward when installed. 7. Remove and instal! the bottom spindle bushing. Install the Driver Handle through the top bushing ote. Position a new bushing on the: stamping of the bushing replacer. ‘8 Position the new bushing and driver over the okd ‘bushing n the bottom spindle bore. Ingert the handle into the driver and drive the old bushing Cut while the new bushing is driven in, Drive unti the toolis seated. 9. The bottom bushing will then be seated at the ‘proper depth (3.0mm [0. 120 inch] minimum from the top of the lower spindle boss). 10. Ream the new bushings to 0.025-0.076mm (©.001-0.003 inch) larger than the diameter of a ‘new spindle pin. Ream the top bushing frst with the reamer tool 11, Install the smaller diameter ofthe tool through the top bore and into the bottom bore until the reaming threads are in position in the top bushing, NOTE: The larger clemeter portion ofthe tool wil act 28a pict in the top bushing to properly ream the bottom bushing. 12, Tur the too! uni the threads exit the top bushing, Fieam the bottom bushing cava py REAMER seerave aH wesurerou™ | Wes 19, Clean all the metal shavings from the bronze. bushings after reaming. Coat the bushings and spindle pin with Premium Long-Lite Grease XG-1-C or K (ESAM1C75-B) or equivalent. 114. Install a new seal on bushing replacer on the side with the "7" stamping. Install the handle into the ‘Grivor and push the seal into position in the. bottom of the top bushing bore. 18, Remove the front wheel spindle from the vise and, install as described in this section. Camber Adjuster, F- 150-250-350 4x2, E-150-250-350 with Ball Joints Removal 1. Raise the vehicle and remove the wheel and tire. Refer to Section 04-04. 2. Remove the upper ball joint camber adjuster ‘clamp bott and nut, Remove the clamp from axle, 9. Remove the camber adiuster from the axle. Using Ball Joint Removing Tool D8 1T-3010-B or equivalent, wedge the adjuster out of the axle. Instatlation 1. Install the correct camber adjuster into the axle, aligning the slot in the adluster. 2. _Installthe adjuster on the upper ball joint stud and ‘ap the adjuster into the axle. 2. Insta the clamp bolt and nut in the axle. Tighten the nut to 85-8 Nem (48-65 ftlb) for F-160-250-360 vehicles, and to 87-119 Nm (64-88 fib) for E-160-260-350 vehicles. ‘1904 Econoline 1160, F250, F-950/Bronao/F Soper uty Body /Chaseie Aug 190804-01-28 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 04-014-28 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Radius Arm Removal NOTE: The axle must be supported on the jack throughout removal and installation ofthe front col spring, and must not hang by the front brake hose. K the length ofthe front brake hose is not sufficient to provide adequate clearance for removal and installation ofthe front coll spring, the front cise brake caliper must be removed trom the front wheel spindle ‘according to the procedures in Section 06-03. After removal, the front disc brake caliper must be placed ‘on the frame or otherwise supported to prevent ‘suspending the front disc brake caliper from the front brake hose. These precautions are absolutely necessary to prevent serious damage to the tube portion of the caliper hose assembly. Radius Arm Assembly, F+150-250-350 4x2 Raise the front ofthe vehicle, and place safety Stands under the frame, Place jack under the Remove tront ti Disconnect front stabizer bar (5482) atthe front stabilizer bar ink (6K483), if 90 equipped. {8b Econokng/f. 160, F260, F-3ED/Bronca/F Super Duty Body /Chassie Aug 108304-01A-29 ‘Suspension, Front, 4x2 ed REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) Part Par item | Number _ | Description ttm | Number _| Description 1 [aoo49 Gok 8:24Nm (1278 PLB)

You might also like

• The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  

  From Everand

  The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  Mark Manson

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (5814)
• The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  

  From Everand

  The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  Brene Brown

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1092)
• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  

  From Everand

  Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  Chris Voss

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (844)
• • Magazines
  • Podcasts
  • Sheet music
• Principles: Life and Work

  

  From Everand

  Principles: Life and Work

  Ray Dalio

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (609)
• The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  Jeannette Walls

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1716)
• Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  

  From Everand

  Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  Angela Duckworth

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (590)
• Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  Jesmyn Ward

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1104)
• Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  

  From Everand

  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  Margot Lee Shetterly

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (897)
• Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  

  From Everand

  Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  Phil Knight

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (540)
• The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  

  From Everand

  The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  Stephen Chbosky

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2104)
• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  

  From Everand

  The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  Ben Horowitz

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (348)
• Bad Feminist: Essays

  

  From Everand

  Bad Feminist: Essays

  Roxane Gay

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1018)
• Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  

  From Everand

  Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  Ashlee Vance

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (474)
• Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  

  From Everand

  Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  Carmen Maria Machado

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (822)
• The Outsider: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Outsider: A Novel

  Stephen King

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1850)
• The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  

  From Everand

  The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  Siddhartha Mukherjee

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (271)
• The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  

  From Everand

  The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  Viet Thanh Nguyen

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (122)
• Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  Frank McCourt

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (441)
• Brooklyn: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Brooklyn: A Novel

  Colm Toibin

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (1947)
• The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  

  From Everand

  The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  Meik Wiking

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (401)
• A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  Fredrik Backman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (4770)
• The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  Garth Stein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (4203)
• The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  

  From Everand

  The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  Thomas L. Friedman

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2259)
• Steve Jobs

  

  From Everand

  Steve Jobs

  Walter Isaacson

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (807)
• A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  

  From Everand

  A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  Betty Smith

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1929)
• The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  

  From Everand

  The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  Sarah M. Broom

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (98)
• Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  

  From Everand

  Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  Gilbert King

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (266)
• Yes Please

  

  From Everand

  Yes Please

  Amy Poehler

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1898)
• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  

  From Everand

  Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  Doris Kearns Goodwin

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (234)
• A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  

  From Everand

  A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  Dave Eggers

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (231)
• The Woman in Cabin 10

  

  From Everand

  The Woman in Cabin 10

  Ruth Ware

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2522)
• Fear: Trump in the White House

  

  From Everand

  Fear: Trump in the White House

  Bob Woodward

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (738)
• Wolf Hall: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Wolf Hall: A Novel

  Hilary Mantel

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (3811)
• John Adams

  

  From Everand

  John Adams

  David McCullough

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2409)
• On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  

  From Everand

  On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  Naomi Klein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (74)
• The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  M.L. Stedman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (789)
• Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  Jennifer Egan

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (792)
• The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  John le Carré

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (104)
• The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  

  From Everand

  The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  George Packer

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (45)
• Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  

  From Everand

  Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  Jay Sekulow

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (137)
• Little Women

  

  From Everand

  Little Women

  Louisa May Alcott

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (104)