Tr AeA UDC LOD Sy ALLEN Result: Pre-Nurt “1SO 2019 | 6 out of 6 Students of the winning INDIAN TEAM who Won GOLD MEDALS in JSO 2019, Doha, Qatar are from ALLEN Classroom 75S Students Selected From ALE» International Mathematical Olympiad Conducted by HBCSE Pre-RMO 2314, RMO 2019 | | Mees standard Examination in Biology pce (Stage-1 of 1BO-2020) Stasoes ot Sates Sten Selected ALLEN of tam ae ran PMLA)Contents eae Percentage Profit, Loss and Discount Partnership, Mixtures and Alligations Simple and Compound Interest, Installments Ratio and Proportion Time, Speed and Distance Unitary Method, Time and Work, Pipes and Cisterns Problems on Ages Fis module highly interesting, ic, suggestions oF any < vgn modules. pnefallen.in forts for making th {your valuable feedbacl il them to us Wve put in best 2 We welcome this module. Kindly mal Dear students, we hat and free from errors y of improve the qualiMathematics eae Peete ho Ea. Percentage increased or decreased () _ Han object's price fs increased or decreased by x% and the other factor is by y% then, the net effect is given by oe Net effect = [x+9+ 300 semenver that the percentages (6 andy) ate tan with ostve negation Ac ans ‘as there Is increase or decrease in the factor. | 100x then the above formula become 9“ 7994 x (i) Ifthe net effect is nll, Le., there is no loss or no gain, Reels foey me) (cl . what is the change in his salary ? 1. Ifsalary of a person is increased by 10% and 203% successively then, Solution Here x=10, y=20 +. The net % change in the salary 10x 20) = 30% 100 -{10420+ 2, The price of a commodity first increased by 20% then decreased by 10% then what is the net change in price of commodity. Solution Here x=20, y=-10 then net percent change in price is -{20-10: 228 =8% 100 z 5 3 { Here sign is (+ve) hence the net is (+ve) increase in price. a3 i prc of conmody decrease by 20% and then by 30% hen a the net change Pe? Solution i Here x=20, y= 30 4 ’ net % change isClass IX 100.x | () _ IfA’s income is x% more than that of B, B's Income is less than that of A by (ae 100: a IF A's income is x less than that of B, B's Income s more than that ofA by | 792 1% NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 2 1. IfShailendra’s Salary is 20% more than that of Surendra, then how much percent is salary of Surendra less than that of Shailendra. Solution Here x=20 (ies = tired Answer Required ™ | T00ex ) x100 | 20 . = 799 * 100% = 16.66% FA's income is 30% less than that of B's income, then how much percent is B's income more than A’s income. Solution Here x= 30 ». Required Answer= (30 (70 @ Ais x% of C and Bis v% of C then A=2x100% of B y NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 3 HAs 206A Cxd Bs Be tC tent Solution £ a. an 25100 == +10=8h ye ° 2 @ If the price of a commodity increase by p%, then the reduction in consumption so as not to (few increase the expenditure is 100>p 2 * @ I the price of a commodity decrease by 9%, then the increase in comeumption so as not to decrease p te 1100 % the expenditane ie 55-51 TSMathematics a NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 4 1. If the price of sugar in " ee ae increase by 25%. Find how much percent its consumption be reduced so as not to increase Solution Pp ( 0p x00} 25 = 795% 100% = 20% 2. If price of commodity decrease by 25%. Find how much percent its consumption be increase so as not to decrease the expenditure. Solution fe. (him) 25 1 = x = 335% Too 75" 10% 3 ss () _ Iftwo numbers are, respectively, x% and y% more than a third number, then the first number. is (100+ ,.100}9% of the second and the second is (2009 10096 of the frst. (100+y \W00+x co) If two numbers are, respectively, x% and y% less than a third number, then the first number is (100=¥ 100 \100-x 100-x | x 100 | of the second and the second is of the first. 00-y iste eve ala hail 1. Twonumbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third number. What Solution Here x=20 and y= 50 100+) 199 of the second First number = { Tog-ry | * 100% of the seco 100 +20 = \100+50 ‘Two numbers are respectively, 32% and 20% less than Solution Here x= 32 and y = 20 y 100% of the second i.e., 80% of the second What percent is (100-x) First number = | Tog~y | * 10046 of the second x 100% of the second Le., 85% of the second es sus act \nrenve N2) PgOTyP ees —— ; (,)aftern ofa town isP, then the population ma 0 ihe orignal (present) population . Years ue r Co ancocen 4a) the tion n years ago at an annual increase of 14, \ w ifthe present population sP then popula inten byP, = —— > 1+ 55) 100 (i) sr uapiyntin iccenes passamegtoenrsiyers YYirGn OUCH ts diay | = ¥ V4 2 third year, the population after three years wll be oft sts)(t+ab0) +38 } PTT aster ec cascade | L Nee om reas Isom. fs present popuain 120000, what wilit bein 2 yeas tie | | | Here P= 120000, r=10, n=2. «Population after 2 years ry 10 - (is) =e | 2120000x 29 10 =120000x Too * 100715200 | 2. The population of a town increase at the rate of 20% annually due to excessive migration. If present: population is 144000, find population two year ago. | | | * im 2 0 by 10%, 20% and 30% successively in three years. Find change in his ‘income, if present income is 150000 Rs. per ‘Solution ae Here x=10, y=20, z= 30. A= 150000 ‘So, percent change in income “ae «000 (198) F(Z) 500000 , 119,,120,, 130 * 700" T00 “100 = Rs 257400 ed ASE SORAANCA IA nn ae RON Peng Tr AnesAvo he 2301 Porn Try Emp ——- ” Mathematics Sen EST ieererqtf The population of a village is 5500. If the number of males increases by 11% and the number of females increases by 20%, then the population becomes 6330. Find the population of females in the town. Solution Let x is population of male .: (6500 ~ x) is female population xx111_, (650-x)x120 1008 saeiggeaae et ALL! 4. On calculating we get x = 3000 ‘So female population = 2500 Depreciation formulae 0 Fee ee neee ee eee teen poeen aan armed eee tet realise) (i) If the present price of an article is P, then the price n years ago (at an annual decrease of r %) is given by ‘The population of a city increases at the rate of 10% annually. Its present population is 90.51 lacs. The population 3 years ago was nearly. Solution We have, P=90.51, r= 10 and n=3 .. The population 3 years ago P 90.51 N A building worth Rs. 1,33,100 is constructed on land worth Rs. 72,900. After how many years will the value of both be the same if land appreciates at 10% p.a. and building depreciates at 10% p.a.? Solution 10y_ 10 72900(1+ 75) = 138100%(1- 35) ay (ey 133100 _ 1331 10 (8J-GY =>n=3 oS= ea the remaining, and so on, B is the bala; first, then p,% from fe nce Moun, Ifafter spending p,% then the total (origi pal amount i ven by Bx100x100. Total amount = ([00-p;)(100- Pe TU ase ery ae hhouse rent, 30% of the rest he spends on his children’s edy 1. Ram Spends 30% of his salary on t : ; es ortho cet sna he spends on cloths. After his expenditure, he is left with Rs. 2500. What is Ram's Re vt Solution Let Total Salary is Rs.P Let 30% on house rent= x 30% of remaining on childrens education = y 24% of remaining on clothes = z Heal-al-al- 1-024] i Py 00 = 2500 {}) ve sign because of spending] [z 0} 707, 76) 00 || 700 || 700 | ~ 2500 P=Rs. 6713.21 = ‘An Army lost 10% ofits men in war, 10% of the remaining due to diseases and 10% of the rest were disabled. ‘Thus, the strength wes reduced to 729000 active men. Find the original strength. ‘Solution: Let A be the original srength it x \ \ 1-2 \1-2 1-2 Then, A (1-5 im)? To) = 729000 (Given) Here, x= 10,y = 10 anéz=10 a(t-22.V1-29 74-20 100 )\°~ 100) °~ 765, = 729000 729000 71004100106 A= 907907 = — = 1000000 men eees So AAEM Ada it 201 Pc hy Eng Mathematics Al ee the net change is If the value of a number is first increased by x% and later decreased by x%, 2 always a decrease which is equal to a" NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 9 ‘nd loosing 20% on the other. Find the total Michael sold two T.V. sets for Rs. 3600 each, gaining 20% on one sain or loss percent, Solution Here x = 20 1 rogt So, overall loss & %= (2) % = 4% xm ‘A candidate scoring x% in an examination fails by ‘a’ marks, while another candidate who scores y% marks gets’b’ marks more than the minimum required pass marks. Then the maximum marks 100(a+b) y-x RTs trey. oda) oY in an examination, 35 % candidates failed in one subject and 42% failed in another subject while 15% failed in both the subjects. If 2500 candidates appeared at the examination, how many passed in either subject but not in both? Solution for that examination are M = 35 Failed in 1¢ subject -( 22 «2500 ailed in 1* subject ( } 875. #32500) = 1050. Failed in 2” subject = ied in 2° subject =| 5 15 100 Failed in 1* subject only= (875 - 375}= 500. Failed in 2» subject only= (1050 ~ 375)= 675, Passed in 2% only+Passed in 1* only = (675+500)= 1175 PM If in an examination x% of the students failed in one subj in another subject ject, y% failed both the subjects, the percentage of student who : - 2 ae (a) Failed in either of the subjects = x+y-2 (b) Passed in both the subjects= L00-(x+y-2) Failed in both = ( x 2500) =375. rE 7 ieee eee eee eeeClass IX eee ee aaa aaa, AL Pitustcey\ eee INGE 11 1. In an examination, 30% and 35% students respective! feed in both the subjects. Ifthe number of students passing the examin: students who appeared in the examination. Solution Percentage of students passing the examination Wy ale in History and Geography while 27% students ation in 248, find the total number of = (100-(80+35-27))% [here, x=30, y=35 and 2=27] = (100-38)%= 62% Let the total number of students appearing in the examination x. Given: 62% of x= 248 “Therefore, 400 students appeared in the examination. 2 Iman examination, there were 2000 cantiates, out of which 900 candidates were boys and rest were gis. If pat at the boys and 38% ofthe gs passe, then find the total percentage of falled candidates Solution Boys= 900, Giris= 1100 Passed = (32% of 900) + (38% of 1100) = Failed = 2000 - 706 = 1294 288 + 418 = 706 (1294 199) ed % = | eex 100) = 4TH Failed % = | 2000 = OTH Cost of living index : An indexis 2 relative ember which ndicates changes in prices of commodities agricultural production, industria production, cox of Bing index 2. ver 2 period of fe a Taal ex wm base year Pt toro CHALLENGE 12 taking 2000 as the base year from the following information. | "Coiciote the cox of ire nidex ox he yeas 2008 __ ‘consumed | Rate in® per ka) 2000 | Commodity Quantity = 2008 _| | Rice Ot (Pues 16 Sol Taal opeccinae ye LI IB rib +5 +1 rB~ 5 Terai expencinae 1. yeas DOI“ALLER PERCENTAGE SOLVED EXAMPLES ~ 1, If 40% of the numbers exceeds the 25% of it by 54. Find the number, value Sol. Teraleteofmumber ~ number (e, base number) Here, 54 stands for the difference of (40% and 25% of nurnber eeUaee > (0 -25y% ~ number oe Te *100 = 300 2. P,% of number N, is equal to P,% of number N,. Find what percent of N, is N, ? Sol... Required percentage = Be..100% 1 Piyn = Pe (-® bisgien that 795%™1 = 799%N2 ("y, ‘) N, Putting the value of +5, we find the required j B N,, is equal to (F100) % of N, 3. The ratio of salary of a worker in July to thatin June was ah. at By what % was the salary of July more than Salary of June ? Also find by what %, Salary of June was less than of July. Sol. Let Salary of July 23x and Salary of June = 2x Here the basis of comparison is either the salary of June or the Salary of July Salary of July more than that of June by percent. Difference = +( Ze) \~ (100) ‘The daily wage is increased by 15%, and a person ow gets Rs. 23 per day. What was his daily wage before the increase > Increased: daily wage ene oo. wee «100 23 = Tyg *100= 20 Note : In case of decrease use (-} ve sign, before value A student X passes his examination with 515 marks, having scored Ye above the minimum. tt Y had obtained 710 marks, what 9 woud he have been, above the minimury >Class IX Neen eee EE EEEEEEEEL CET COT ET Pr weer Marks of Y _ 100+% above minimum of Y Marks of X ~ 100+% above minimum of X THO _100+¥ y= 442% 515 100+3 ‘Hence Y gets 42% above minimum Note:- Similarly, if the % marks is below Marks of ¥ _ 100-9 below minimum of Y Marks of X ~ 100-% above minimum of X Remember, Marks of Y _ 1002 % above/below minimum of Y Marks of X ” 1002% above/above minimum of X ‘The ratio of number of boys and girls in a school is 3 : 2, if 20% of boys and 25% of the girls are holding scholarship, find the % of school : Sol. } A reduction of RS 2 per kg onan ALL purchase 4 kg more sugar for Rs. 16 Man tg original price of Sugar. " Find the Here expenditure is fixed (=Rs.16), 4, reduces (by Rs. 2/k), $0, the quar, oS te avallable increases (by 4 ks.) Let ogg jot SIM Rs x/kg. At le be Expenditure + change i it SERENE + change in quantity availabe _ Expenditure Newrate 16,16 xt 2X 2x-8=0 => 4) K- 2) =O =x = 4 or-2 Considering the +ve value original price = Rs per students who sie : 9. If 10% of an electricity bill s deducted. Rs 45 isstil ae ae to be paid. How much was the bill ? schoiartip Sol. Here Rs 45 refers to (100-10) % of the bi al iS : Bere Rs 45 refers to ) 96 of the Bill Since ~ (Boys x % bass who are scholarship holders) « + Gee x % Ges win are schoierstip holder) = 100% of bill => x 100 = 50 , Hence the bill was 50. 10. The weight of a sand bag is 40 kg. In a hurry, i was weighed as 40.8 kg. Find the error percentage. Sol. % Error = Falseweight - Actual weight ,. 199 ‘Actual weight : 408-40 (Smee 100 - 20 = 80, 100-25 - 75) =p — «100 = 2% +: The error is 2% 0 | | | t altTe emer ei adnan Ty 8 Am ALLEN PERCENTAGE 1. The price of a commodity is increased by 40%. By what percent should a consumer reduce his con- sumption so that his expenditure on the commod- ity remains constant? 4 4 (1) 255% (2) 265% 4 (728 : % 2. If Ram's salary went up by 25%, then by what per- cent should it be brought down to bring it to its initial value? ‘ (1) 25% (91 20% (3) 33.33% (4) 37.5% 3. _ Anumber, when decreased by 20% becomes 136. What is the number? 4 (3) 2% (1)160 © (2)150— (3) 170 (4) 140 4. If 60% of K is 30 less than 75% of K, then what is the value of K? (1) 500 (2)300- (3) 400 (4) 200 5. __Inanexamination, Ramesh secured 574 marks and Rekha secured 76% of the total marks. If Ramesh secured 82% of total marks, the difference in their marks, is (j4o at a2 HB 6. By what percent will the area of a square change if its side is increased by 10%? (1) 10% increase (2) 20% increase (3) 10% decrease (4) 21% increase 7. The population of a city increases by 30% every year. Ifthe present population is 338000, then what ‘was the population of the city two years ago? (1) 300000 (2) 250000 (3) 200000 (4) 240000 8. — Tworffth of one-third of three-seventh of a number is 15. What is 40 percent of that number? (72 (284 (3)136 (4) 105 28 9. The sum of two numbers is = ofthe first number. ‘The second number is what percent of the first? (1) 12% (2) 14% (3) 16% (4) 18% In a certain school, 20% of students are below 8 years of age. The number of students above 8 years, 10. 2 of age is 3 of the number of students af 8 years age which is 48. What isthe total number of students in the school? Q)72 (3803129 (4) LO a eeaigeeeeeeecececesecngeseee cee eee ee 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19, Mathematics one ee EXERCISE ‘Aman spends 35% of his income on food, 25% on children's education and 80% of the remaining on house rent. What percent of his income he is left with? (1)8% (2) 10% += (3) 12% = (4) 14% The value of a machine depreciates at the rate of 10% every year. It was purchased 3 years ago. If its present value is Rs. 8748, its purchase price was (1) Rs. 10,000 (2)Rs. 11,372 (3) Rs. 12,000 (4) Rs. 12,500 “The present population of a country estimated to be 10 crores is expected to increase to 13.31 crores during the next three years. The uniform rate of growth is (18% — (2)10% += (3) 12.7% (4) 15% ‘Two numbers are less than a third number by 30% and 37% respectively. How much percent is the second number less than the first? (1)3% = (2)4% «= 37% _~— (4) 10% Two candidates contested for a post of an election 70 votes were declared as invalid. The victorious candidate secured 55% votes and won the election by 90 votes. Total numbers of votes polled is (1)475 (2) 565 (3)970 (4) 1070 In an examination, 450 candidates were boys and 550 were girls. If 32% of the boys and 38% of the girls passed the examination, the percentage of failed candidates is (1) 35.3% (2) 62% — (3) 64.79% (4) 68% In an examination, a candidate must secure 45% marks to pass. Ashok secures 325 marks but he fails by 35 marks, What were the maximum marks for the examination? (2) 1800 (2)900 (3) 800 (4) 750 The population of a village at the beginning of a year was 10000. During that, it increased by 5 percent and during next year decreased by 5 percent. At the end of the second year, the population of the village was (19975 (2) 10500 (8) 10525 (4) 10075, ‘The value of amachine depreciates from Rs. 32768 to Rs. 21952 in three years. What is the rate percentage of depreciation? (1) 11% (2) 12.5% (3) 33% —-(4) 12.25% v | | | |Class IX 20. Ifthe area of rectangle Is increased 1 ee its breadth is inereased by 5%, ts percentage increase in its length? (approx ‘yim «se (0) 18% olen ‘Aman donated 6% of his income toa charity ar epost 2%of he restina bank the eth Rs 14,100, then his income is (a) Rs 18000 (2) Rs 18250 {@) Rs 18500 (4) Rs 18750 “The price ofan atl increase by 10%, 15% and 207% in 3 consecutive woeks. What i the approx mate overall percentage inctease forthe 3 weeks: (ay 45% (262% ©) 35% (4) 52H ‘A reduction of 10% in the price of an article er ables @ dealer to purchase 25 articles more for Rs ‘45000, What is the original price of the article? (2) Bs. 100 (2)Rs. 150 {3) Rs. 200 (4) Rs, 250 ‘A solution of 165 litres contains 80% of acid and the rest water. How much water must be added to the above solution such that the resuting mixture contains 25% weter? (2) 11 res @sbre @)9 Eres 10 Bees The ratio of bas ad crsineces 55:3. 20% of the boys and 60% of the gris have passed in rst cess. What percent of the dass hes passed in frst cess? (35% 21. 24. Qi Swe 43% 2 There are three qacsties A Ban. Bi 165% me In an election there ere Sree commesects A Band C Asecuwres WU of he wes we B senred 6% of the remaining wes. FC scores 14000 ves, 31. 32. 33. 35. ih Terai ue Tay ons tat poate A rst decreased by 30%. I the leg’ °Y 30% 3 then what was the original salans SY Ry gfe } (1) Rs 2275 (2) Re 24 Kiran 273, (3) Rs 2600 (4) Rs 2595 In March Rohan’s mothly expends his monthly income. His monthiy i, Te we by 30% and his monthly expencine 20% when compared to the prevign "“ rea al the percentage increase in his hie nae (1) 130% 2) 127th Sige | (3) 110% (4) 125% In school X, the number of boys i of the girls by 40%. In school hee than tae is more than that of boys by 50%. 1f Se ists | school X is equal to 70% of girls in schonr school X hool Y is the ratio between number of student ot wet X and school Y? ons Of hog (1) 24: 25 (2) 16 17 | @)3:4 (4) 36 : 25, Ramu saves 14% of his salary while Rar 2496. I both get equal salaries and Ramat ae Rs 1440, then Ramu's expenditure ig (1) Rs 5000 (2) Rs 5160 (3) Rs 6000 (4) Rs 7440 ‘The side of square ABCD is 20% longer than the side of square PQRS. By what percentage is the area of ABCD more than the area of PQRS? (1) 20% (2) 24% — (4) 40% (4) 44% Only two candidates, A and B, contested inan elec tion. In the total of 20000 votes 10% were invalid A. won the election by 3600 votes. What percent age of valid votes are secured by B? (1) 45% — (2)40% — (3) 30% (4) 35% Jacob and Mohan save 20% and 40% of their re spective incomes. If their expenditures are eqteh then what isthe ratio of the incomes of Mohan and Jacob? (1:2 (23:4 (2:1 There are 3 numbers. The first and second number are 20% and 40% more than the third number (44:3 ee ee percentageisthe frst number ofthe sum ofthe ae oo : zed the third numbers? 1)5006 Bsus 70H 4 oH faye Hesicose chal aoe ANSWER KEY 7 i ? wa |Mathematics Profit, Loss Fate Discount > Formulae Profit = SP - CP (i) Loss = CP- SP SP-P Profit (ii) Profit % = —Gp- *100% = *100% Loss cP -SP (iw) Loss % = “Gp *100% = “Ep x100% $Px100 _ SPx100_ ©) P= 700+P%) ~ (100- €P(100 + P%) _CP(L00 - L%) 100 ~—«:100 (w) SP = NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 14 1. The cost price of a shirt is Rs.200 and selling price Rs.250. Calculate the % profit. ‘Solution Wehave C.P. = Rs 200, SP. = Rs. 250. Profit = S.P.- CP, = 250 ~ 200 = Rs.50. profigg = Protx 00 cP. ‘ = 50x 100 i = 30 7 25% 32. Anubought a necklace for Rs.750 and sold it for Rs.675. Find her percentage loss. 3 Solution | i Here CP. = Rs.750, SP. = Rs.675. | : Loss = CP. - SP. = 750 - 675 = Rs.75. bs sane | 3 CP. | 4 a 75 100 i - F697 10% 13Class IX ALLER 3%? 3. Mr Sharma buys a cooler for Rs.4500. For how much should he sell so that there isa gain of 8 Solution We have C.P. = Rs.4500, gain% = 5%. = Rs 4860. 4 By selng 2 irkige for Rs.7200, Pankaj loses 10%. Find the cost price ofthe fridge. ‘Sobstion We have, SP. = Rs. 7200, gant = 10% 1 5. By selinc 2 pen for Bs. 99, Mohan gains 125%. Find the cost price of the pen. Sobstion 1, We have, SP. = Bc 8, pet = Be (_ = > 8 CP | cen |S? eae nee NO ed me Tay1 ha ns nd Pamir 8 ns ” Mathematics Nos mm o w ii) w) 2. Marked price = CP + Markup Marked price = CP + (% markup on CP) Note : Generally goods are sold at marked price, if there is no longer discount, then in this case selling price equals to marked price. Discount : Discount means reduction of marked price is sell at a lower rate or literally discount means concession. It is calculated on the basis of marked price. Selling price = Marked price - Discount Selling price = Marked price (MP) ~ (% discount on MP) Since marked price = CP + % markup on CP Remember mark up is calculated on the basis of CP while discount is calculated on the basis of MP. Ingeneral, CP 759, MP = Rs. 360 Alternatively : MP = 300 x 1.2 = 360 I the marked price of an article is Rs. 450 and markup percentage is 12.5%, what isthe cost price? Solution MP = 112.5 of CP us 109 *P 450 = 450= 2 x cp = XC CP = Ry. 4003. ALLER f the ting price o! Ifthe marked price of an article is Rs. 660 and the discount percent is 10%, then whats the 5? artide? Solution ‘SP = MP ~ Discount 10 SP = 660 ~ 660 x 795 SP +594 ” Alternatively: SP = 90% of MP SP = 0.9 x660 a 1 is times greater than SP. Alternatively: We can see that when SPs 10% (Le., pes than MP, rears MPs 9 . 10 Therefore MP = “SP ‘An article sold at selling price (SP,) ata loss 2% is to be sold at selling price (SP,) tog: in y%, then $P,(100+¥) o, - Sees AL CHALLENGE 3 o yn 4G %. ee j | 1 5 { ; : Thus, Suresh has gain of 4-2 % by sling it or Rs. 2000 | 1 i Ht SP of x article = CP of y articles, then Gain % = ¥—* 100%, ff x¢y tts gain, a> x —sone act seen te 2.8 Pat on D2 ary & aps ALLEN Mathematics UMERICAL CHALLENGE 4 1. Ifthe S.P. of 12 article is equal to the cost price of 18 articles what is profit ? Solution Here m = 18,n = 12 Loss / Profit % = ("= ) x 100 18-12 6 = “Fy %100 = 75 %100 = 50%. 2. Ifthe S.P. of a dozen apple is equal to cost price of 9 apples, find gain or loss? Solution Here m = 9, n= 12 =n 7 vos tt s6= (2 ) 100-2 22 100 n 12 $%100=-25% (ve) sign ndcates os. ‘So, Loss = 25% If a man buys x items for Rs.y and sells z items for Rs.w, then the gain or loss percent made by him ws (22-1) x 100% NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 5 If 11 oranges are bought for Rs.10 and sold at 10 for Rs.11, what is the gain or loss%6? Solution Quantity Price WL 10 ah (23) 00% % profit = | 3 ~E xa dal —--1 (ioxi0 ) 100%Class IX D nes A 2. Ault seller buys apples atthe rate of Rs.12 per dozen and sells them at the rate of 15 for Rs.1, a percentage gain ot loss. hi Solution Quantity Price : >< 8 12 % = Fy MO = DO Since the sign is -we, there i a loss of 20% ———————— IE‘A’ sells an article to B’ at a gain/loss of m% and ‘B’ sells it to ‘C’ at a gain/loss of n%. If ‘C’ pays Rs.z for it to “B’ then the cost price for ‘A’ is [__aon*z | (100~m) (100+ =) where m or n is ~ve, if it indicates a loss, otherwise it is +ve. NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 6 1 Mohit sols 2 bicxie w Robi axe grin of 10% and Rohit again sells it to Jyoti at a profit of 5%. If Jyoti pays Bs 462 20 Rohit wher is the cost price of the bicyde for Mohit? Sokution Here m = 10.0 Weng the formate. loz [100 462 wee CF Sx Mite GODSoe OmRA SEACRSE WIR Aorame ithe INGE Prt, Lom end Drcmwnl\O2_Theery & Faw. en Mathematics CO —————— — a tp’ sells a DVD to ‘B' at a gain of 17% and ‘B’ again sells it to ‘C’ at a loss of 25%. If ‘C’ pay Rs. 1053 to ‘B’, 2. hat Is the cost price of the DVD to ‘A’? We have, m= 17, n = ~25, z= Rs.1053, -: Cost price of DVD to ‘A’ 100%z = | (100+ Mm) (100+ n) 100x100 1053 = 100+17)100-25) 100 100x 1053 - Ti7x75__ 7 Bs. 1200. If‘A’ sells an article to ‘B’ at a gain/loss of m% and ‘B’ sells it to ‘C’ at a gain/loss of n%, then the resultant profit/loss percent is given by mn (mons) waft) where m or n is -ve, if it indicates a loss, otherwise it is +ve. Note: The expression given by (1) represents resultant profit of loss accordingly NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 7 ‘Manoj sells a shirt to Yogesh at a profit of 15% and Yogesh sells it to Suresf{ at a loss of 10%. Find the resultant profit or oss Solution Here = m=15,n=-10 \ Resultant profit/loss% = (m+ an) - (15-10, 18x01) 100 - {15-10-150) 100 7 1 = 7% or 35% Za When two different articles are sold at the same selling price, getting gain/loss of x% on the first and gain/loes of y% on the second, then the overall % gain or % loss in the transaction la given by | 100(x + y) +2: In {100 + x) +(100 The above expression represent overall gain of loss accordingly as Its sign ts +ve or -ve. eecnaons aces Anse CEP, ood cnt hay . oe emneeiee SClass IX NY ——~AL Lay NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 8 10. If he makes 20% profit on the first and 15% loss on the secq nd, Mahesh sold two scooters, each for Rs.2400 what is his gain or loss percent in the transaction? Sohstion Here x = 20 and y = -15. [ 100(x + y) + Bay } = | 100+x)+(100+y), [oumaas tet |e = [400+ 20) + (100-15) -100 2 fis eel which represents loss, being a ve expression. sold at the same selling price getting a gain of x% on the first and When two different articles are Carnot 23 on the second, then the overall loss in the transaction Is given by Note that in such questions there is always a loss. Pater CHALLENGE 9 gaining 10% on the one and losing 10% on the other. Find his total gain Raiesh sold two horses for Rs. 990 eax: or loss perce. ‘Solution Here x = 10. Overall os (WY. _ as = 10) % = 1%. rae tn goad ms pine oh, Tne overall 6 GOLO® is Amerchent uses facility mezoure is given by 100+ _ ‘True measure 100+x ~ Fassity meaoure sells bis goods at cost price, then x= 0- Note: If the merchasstMathematics a NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 10 4, A dishonest shopkeeper professes to sell cloth at the cost price but he uses faulty metre rod. His metre rod measures 95 cm only. Find his gain percent. Solution Here True measure = 100 cm False measure = 95 cm. Since the shopkeeper sells the cloth at cost price, x=0. :. Overall gain% is given by 100+g True measure 100+x ~ Faulty measure 100+g _ 100 = 10" % 100x100 > 100+g= 10000 > g=—gg - 100 5 535%. 2. dishonest shopkeeper professes to sell goods at the cost price but he then uses a weight of 800g for the kg ‘weight. Find his gain percent. Solution True measure = 1000 g False measure = 800g Also, x=0 -+ Overall gain’ is given by 100+g _ True measure 100+x ~ Faulty measure 100+g 1000 100 ~ “800 > 100+g= 2000x100 1000 9= ~~ 100 = 25%. Amerchant uses y% less weight/length and sells his ee = goods at gain/loss of x%. The overall % gain/ oso anne te EP a nd De ay Es u (2355) Jt00 |. i —_—---«| EEClass IX sy site Pry ee ty ‘A shopkeeper sells the goods at 44% loss on cost but uses 30% less weight. What is his Perceniage : Toft ess? Solution Here x =~44 and y = 30. ytx i Overall gein/oss¥o= | 79g — |< 100% atest «0 = (i00-30 -14 ~ (Fo-100}--20, ‘which represents loss being a negative expression. mm A person buys two items for Rs.A and sells one at a loss of ¢ % and other at a gain of g %. If each item was sold at the same price, then (@) The cost price of the item sold at loss A(100 + %gain) * (100-%loss) +(100+% gain) (0) The cost price of the item sold at gain A(100 - %loss) * (100 -%loss) + (100 + % gain) NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 12 i i Ramesh buys two books fr Rs410 and sells one ata loss of 20% andthe other ata gain of 25%. If both the ‘books are sold the same, find the cost price of two books. ‘Solution: Cost price of the books sold at a loss of 20% 410(100+25) * (100-20) + (100 +25) ' } i 410125 | = Goris ~ Rs 250. Cost price ofthe book soldat profit of 25% 410100-25) 41080 = 100-29 +1100+25) * +105 = Rs. 160.ju e Mathematics a ALLEM If two successive discounts on an article are m% and n%, respectively, then a single discount ‘equivalent to the two successive discount will be (mon-i) UMERICAL CHALLENGE 13 Find a single discount equivalent to two successive discount of 10% and 20%. 1 Solution: ‘The equivalent single discount is given by (104 20-eP Nasie, 28%. 2, ‘Two shopkeepers sell machines at the same lst price. The first allows two successive discounts of 30% and 16% "and the second 20% and 26%. Which discount series is more advantageous to the purchaser? Solution: 16-3016 A single discount equivalent to the two successive discounts of 30% and 16% is | 30+ 16-99 }% 24° or, (46- 2 or aidy 20x26 Also, a single discount equivalent to the two successive discount of 20% and 26% is{ 20+ 26-—T5— }96 26 4 a (4-Buo! Clearly, the discount series being offered by the first shopkeeper is more advantageous to the purchaser. Mmm If three successive discount on an article are 1%, m% and n% respectively, then a single discount ‘equivalent to the three successive discounts will be (im +In+ mn) | aa i+ - [ = 100 1008 |" bite Vero ee clad Find a single discount equivalent to three successive discounts of 10%, 20% and 30%. Solution: The equivalent single discount is given by 10+. 204.39 - 10% 20+ 10% 30+ 20% 30) 1012030) ( * 100 or) ees ur encase Adan W208 Prt od eS Try 8p 23———— ‘ “ shopkeeper sls an em at Rs. after ghing a discount of d% on labelled price, decom. be woud have cama profit of p% on the cost price, aN The cost price of each item is given by {100% [(100-@qa00+ | NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 15 Two Spheepes si sre Re 26 ech afer rg SH sou on labeled pice. Hed he ny court he woud! have earned 2 prot of 12% on the cost price. What was the cost price of the ch saree) ‘We have, labelled price z = Rs 266. discourt ¢ = 5% and profit p = 12%. (sg the formate CPs | Ge0-a000- we get the cos price of eat seer Ss a * Det Soe Me usrs fen 2 tan are any tn (1 10% (2) 28% (3) 40% (4) 30% 10% 20 gol. (10-=-“To) = 28% Which is less than 30%. Find the single discount which is equal to three successive discount of 10%, 20% and 30%, Here frst of all we will determine single discount, which is equal to two successive discounts of 10% and 20%. {29228 10 + 20 100 = 20% Now we will find a single discount which is equal fo successive discounts of 28% and 28-30-2842) = 49.6% two aor = ( 100) By selling a watch for Rs, 495, a shopkeeper incures a loss of 10%. Find the cost price of the watch for the shopkeeper. (1) Rs. 545 (3) Rs. 555 Here SP = 495 Loss = 10% (2) Rs. 550 (4) None of these cp __ FP __ og = 100 Lows) “1 cp. 100 5 = Bp %100 = Rs, 550 By selling a cap for Rs, 34.40, 2 man gains 7 5% percent. What will be the CP af the cap? (2) Ro. 32 (A) Ro. 284.40 (1) Rs, 32.80 (3) Ry, 32.40 SP ot: (100 + Gaur 3 a p. ae : + a7 +t = Be Mathematics (7% 4) 6% (1) 6.25% (3) 6.20% SP = 2400, Profite = 25 «=Rs 175 How much percent more than the cost price shoul! a shopkeeper mark nis goods, 30 that after alowang a discount of 12.5% he shoukt hawe = gas of 5% on his outtay? (1) 9.375 (2) 16.66% (2) 20% (4) 2598 the cost price De x Rs and printed price De y Hence, price alter giving a discount of Let Rs. |Class IX In order to maintain the price line, a trader allows ‘a discount of 10% on the marked price of goods in his shop. However, be still makes a gross profit of 17% on the cost price. Find the profit percent he ‘would have made on the selling price had he sold at the marked price. (1) 23.07 (2) 30% 21.21% (4) 25% il Sol. Let the cost price be x Rs. and marked price bev Rs. oe ae Geen. 9-9 X7qp 7 Ft * 700 © uz uy =xx=y=Q See 00 ses 200) 70 9. Acurss house worth Rs 10.000. He sels £20 B 2 profi of 15%. Aer some te. B sobs F back Ag 15% loess Frc A's os o ger pevet 1) 225% oe Qe Sear | & 176% gee eT | Sei Base ree of the Hose 5 | 15 = 10000 + 10000 » Price et whach & buys mouse from B = 11500 - 11500» = S77 Bs Hence A's ger peer - SBE yn = 17 0. A returner. of 10h i te ree Si ge 2 sexmeatie ws tasy 62 eg mere tor Fs 27S Fee te reduce rk DE CE Res Desh Ges Gwe Let ceageat sere = Ha ne ie New rate = FAA 1 xs Sa 279 Altay , 20279 31 B62 eos 31 5 Tor oee 9x5 « Reduced Price = T= R545 per ig A man sells an articles at 5% above its had bought it at 5% less what he paid Plat : it for Rs. 2 he would have gain/loss 100%, a cost of the article. Bik) (1) Rs. 500 (2)Rs. 360 (Rs. 425 (4) Rs. 400 Let the cost price of the article = x Rs, Price when itis bought at 5% less than cost price ee ** Joo “100 ‘Selling price when is sold for Rs. 2 less. 5 ees ** 709 ~2 = 00% ~? Gen, Se 10 - Jqo* ~ 2 700% = 100** 00 10 95, ee oe 2x 1000 = Rs, 400 5 A briefcase was sold at a profit of 10%. If its cost price was 5% less and it wes sold for Rs. 7 more, the gpir. would have been 20%. Find the cost price of the brieicase } 11) Rs 175 (2) Rs. 200 j Gis 25 (4) Rs 160 Let the cost price = x Rs. | : % ; Pree tase than cost price = 16h)" i NO, 47 ; Seteang price whecs, wid hx Hs 70K = Vf) ne aw i ee IO - " 4 i VDP wg i7see ALLEN 13. Aman sells a plot of land at 6% profit. fhe had cold it at 10% profit, he would have received Rs. 200 more. What is the selling price of the land? (1) Rs. 5000 (2)Rs. 5300 (3) Rs. 4800 (4) Rs. 5500 Let the cost price of land = Rs. x 10 6 Given, x +x 79g =X + 7g + 200 4x K+ 799 7 200 100x200 => x F— 7 Rs. 5000 Selling price of land 6 5000 + 5000 x 755 = Rs. 5300 ‘A man buys two cycles for a total cost of Rs. 900. By selling one for 4/5 ofits cost and other for 5/4 ofits cost, he makes a profit of Rs. 90 on the whole transaction. Find the cost price of lower priced 14. cycle (1) Rs. 360 (2) Rs. 250 (3) Rs. 300 (4) Rs. 420 Mathematics ‘Sol. Let the cost of the two cyeles be Rs, x and y- Then, x+y=900 0) an Again, = ty ~ 900 = 90 4x 2 Btg-990 ti Solving (i) & (i), we get x= 300, y = 600. 15, A dishonest dealer professes to sell at cost price but uses a 900 gram weight instead of a 1 kilogram weight. Find the percent profit to the dealer (1) 10% (2)11.11% (3) 12.5% {4) None of these Sol, Let the cost price be x Rs. per kg. 9 ‘Then cost price of 900 gm = 75% Hence % profit we esis oe 10 100 4100 = 5% = 11.11%Class IX Au OW PROFIT, LOSS AND DISCOUNT EXER et is 8. Aman bought some fruits at the J. I gain 70 paise on Rs. 70. My gain ae a 24 and sold them at the rate o8iong, wien wom gm em is the profit percent? 1 2 sacha ose ace amn fns 125% (240% 50% He spent 10% of the cost on repairs and s 9. Byseling 12 toffees fora rupee, a man 1 60%, scooter fora profit of Bs. 1100. How much did he How many for a rupee should he se Oe 2, spend on repairs if he made a profit of 20%? of 20? Seta gan, (a)Rs. 400, (2)Rs. 440 as (28 B10. wy, {@)Rs.500 (@)Rs. 850 10c_ A fair price shopkeeper takes 10% profy i 3, Approperty dealer sells a house for Rs. 6,30,000 goods. He lost 20% goods during thet. pig ie ‘and in the bargain makes a profit of 5%. Had he percent is, sold it for Rs. 5,00,000, then what percentage of as (2)10 811 ar loss or gain he would have made? 11. Aouse worth Rs. 1,50,000 is sold by X toy 56 profit. Y sel the house back 1 X at 2% ee 10% bss ‘Then, in the entire transaction M2 4%oan ()Xloses Rs. 1350 (2)X gains Rs, a150 {@)Xloses Rs. 4350 (4) X gains Rs. 4359 1 2 125 Sloss gd 12, Rahul purchased a scooter at 2 ofits seling price 4. The ratio ofthe cost price and the seling price is and sold it at 12% more than its selling price, His 4:5. The profit percent is gainis (10% = (2)20% © B)25% 14} 30% : 5. seling price is doubled, the proft trips. Find (1) 20% (2)29575% the proft percent 1 2 (3) 30% (4) 3875% 1) 665% 100% 13. If 5% more is gained by selling an article for 1 Rs. 350, than by selling it for Rs. 340, the cost of B 1053 % (4) 120% the article is qi (1) Rs. 50 (2)Rs. 160 i 6. The profit eamed by selling an article for Rs. 900 (3) Rs. 200 (4) Rs. 225 i is double the loss incurred when the same ate is | 44, There tetera ema | sold for Rs. 450. At what price shoud the atcle of an artide is Rs 240, I he profits 20% Mg be sold to make 25% profit? seling price is i (1) Rs. 600 (Rs. 750 (1) Rs. 1240 (2)Rs. 1400 i (3) Rs. 800 (4) Data inadequate (3)Rs. 1600 (4)None of these 7. I the cost price of 12 pens is equal to the selling ed Price of 8 pens, the gain percent is 15. ‘A businessman sold 7 is st : (1) 25% 334% 20% and the rest at a gain of 14%. The i : percentage of gain to the businessman Is 2 (1) 12% (217% | (8)50% 2. (1665% (3) 18% (4) 20% ee Fm. #er esos 4c Anon 0 and Benny np ALLEM 116. Find the seling price ofan article if a shopkeeper allows two successive discounts of 5% each on the marked price of Rs. 80. (1) Rs, 70.10 (2)Rs. 70.20 (@)Rs. 72 (4) Rs. 72.20 17. A tradesman marks his goods 30% above the CP. If he allows a discount of ois, then his gain percent is aang (2) 22% (3)232% (4) None of these ‘At what price should a shopkeeper mark a radio that costs him Rs. 1200 in order that he may offer a discount of 20% on the marked price and still make a profit of 25%2 (1) Rs. 1675 (2)Rs. 1875 (@)Rs. 1900 (4) Rs, 2025 ‘A shopkeeper eams a profit of 1296 on selling a book at 10% discount on the printed price. The ratio of the cost price to the printed price of the book is (1) 45:56 (2)50: 61 (3)55:69 (4) 99: 125 A tradesman gives 4% discount on the marked price and gives 1 article free for buying every 15 articles and thus gains 35%, The marked price is above the cost price by (1) 20% —(2)39% + (3)40% © (4) 50% I¥acommission of 10% is given on the written price of an article, the gain is 20%. Ifthe commission: is increased to 20%, the gain is 18. 19. 20. 21. 2. 1 (1) 65% (74% L 1 (3) 125% (4) 135% 22. A dealer purchases 22 pencils for Rs. 20 and sells them at the rate of 10 pencils for Rs. 11. His profit, percent is, (1) 10% = (2)20% = (3) 21% (4) 22% 27. Mathematics "A cycle is sold at 20% gain. If it had been sold at 20% loss, the selling price would have been Rs. 120 less. The cost price of the cycle is (1) Rs. 500 (2)Rs. 300 (3) Rs. 250 (4) Rs. 200 Ram sold a watch to Shyam at a gain of 59% and Shyam sold it to Hari at a gain of 4%. f Hari paid Rs. 1092 for it, the price pald by Ram is (1) Rs. 993.72 (2) Rs. 996 (3) Rs. 1000 (4) Rs. 995.90 The cost of 10 copies of a book equals the selling price of 8 copies. What is the percentage of gain cor loss incurred? (1) 30% gain (2) 25%6 loss (3) 25% gain (4) 30% loss Ifa concession of 10% is given on the marked price, the gain is 50%. If the concession is increased to 25% the gain will be (1)25% (2) 35% = (3)40% = (4) 25% ‘A man sold a watch for Rs. 600 at a loss. Had he sold it for Rs. 750, his gain would have been double of the former loss. The cost price of the watch is (1) Rs. 800 (2)Rs.700 (3) Rs. 670 (4) Rs 650 ‘The marked price of a watch was Rs. 720. A man ought the same for Rs. 550.80 after getting two successive discounts the first being 10%. What was the second discount rate? (112% = (2)14% =~ (3)15% (4) 18% A retailer buys 30 articles from a wholesaler at the price of 27. If he sells them at their marked price, the gain percent in the transaction is i Mos (2) 10% i @uz% @ 163% By selling an umbrella for Rs, 300, a shopkeeper gains 20%. During a clearance sale, the shopkeeper allows a discount of 10% on the marked price. His gain percent during the sale is (y7 (375 38 (49 — 2932. A trader marked the seling price of an article at 11096 above the cost price. At the ime of selling, he ‘allows certain discount and suffers 2 loss of 1%. He allowed a discount of (10% = (310.5% 411% Me en 6416 of the marked "A shopkeeper fixes the marked price ALLRy gs%baboveit cost price. The percentage of unt The cost price ofan ate 8 price, Clit he gan parent af alarrnd >| slowed to gain BY is discount of 12 (1) 20% (2)27% 137.5% sets (3/31 (4) 43% (50.5% | sos cate | 87, Thelbeled rie of caponrds Rs, 6509 ts ed ee EBD #48 fi onthe daunted pice Ihe cst aE ible price and eared!» Droft of 15%, Uy ae a wg the 6 approximately i the cost pice of the cupboary Are tithe masked prc ofthe ten? (1)Rs. 5000 (2)Rs. 5370 (a) Rs, 630 (2)Rs. 700 (3)Rs. 5600 (4) Rs. 5800 ea iaNonect thse | 38: Kunalboughta sutcase wih 15% dicount nh ee labeled price. He sold the suitcase of Rs, 2969 ark his goods so that he gains 20% with 20% profit on the labelled price. At what price aerate nga deonnt of 10% on be asked did he buy the suitcase, a (1) Rs. 2040 (2)Rs. 2400 (1) 25% (2)30% (3) Rs. 2604 (4) Rs. 2640 39. A shopkeeper sold sarees at Rs. 266 each after a w5% @ sr5% giving 5% discount on labelled price. Had he not given the discount, he would have earned a profit 2 ; cof 12% on the cost price. What was the cost price |. By seling an arte at F of the marked price, ih oe? ee (1) Rs. 240 (2) Rs. 260 wee aes (3) Rs. 280 (4) None of these ae ee 40. A shopkeeper sold an article offering a discount of 5% and eamed a profit of 23.5%. What would have been the percentage of profit eared ifno discount was offered? (1) 24.5 (3)30 (2)28.5 (4) None of these eee ce wet ae ~ 202. el ee Try A‘203 Pemenkp, isu ond Aligetow\O3 Thay & aps Mathematics Partnership, Mixtures -and Alligations PS ABSEN Mixtures Definition Mixtures are generally of two types. When two different ingredients are mixed together, itis known as simple mixture, e.g. a mixture of water and mill; water and pure spirit. When two or more simple mixtures (made of same ingredients of same or different proportions) are mixed together to form another mixture, it is known as a compound mixture. E> Alligation Rule Alligation literally means “linking”. The alligation rule states that, “What different quantities of same or diferent ingredients, of different cost (value) are mixed together to produce a mixture of a mean cost (value), the ratio of thelr quatities are inversely proportional to the differences in their cost from the mean cost (value)’ ALLEN Quantity of lower cost ingredient _ Higher cost - Mean cost ‘Quantity of higher cost ingredient “ Mean cost - Lower cost Let _C, = cost price of 1* ingredient C, = cost price of 2* ingredient Now, these two ingredient are mixed to produce a mixture such that C,, = cost price of the mixture (mean price) then, the ratio of the quantity of two ingredients to produce this mixture s given by: Cou CaO quantity of 1 ingredient _ quantity of 2™ ingredient Diagram Representation GQ NN wx “( Os )=~ ond the Quanty of Ingrelens in the Mitre on sre foul, we have obtained erat of naelens (3) Now, ifthe amount of the mixture = Q, ‘then, -—4_xQ quantity of 1* ingredient in the mixture ate ad quantity of gett inthe mie ‘This formula is known as Ratio-Quantity Rule PT onc besa @ Rs 1.02/kgand Rs 1.44/kg 0 as to make a mixture work he a: Taha propotion must a grocer mix teas sod xQ 1.26/? ‘Solution | As pr ligation Rule, | cpontiy of cheaper tea _ a _ (1.447126) 102, 144 panty of dear tea” de” (1.26-1.02) % 1.26 & 38 . (14471.26) —(1.26- 1.02) 3 “4 _ proportion of tio Kd fe be mina fo gta mitre worth Rs 1.26/kg) #3: 4 te must mith 5 go salt worth 24 P per kgso that he may, on seg 2. Howsmuch stn ig worth 42 P per the micure at 40 P per kg, ain 25% on the outlay? ‘Solution Here, selling price of the macure has been given, but aligation rue is applied onthe cost price of mitre wel as on cost price of ingredients : i ase » Cost price ofthe mire = 755% 100 = 32 P per ig | | By applying re of Aligation now, a | query of dearer st qaxty of cheaper sat -2 “( N a } | { (32-24) (42 - 32) | (42 The propor et vey hcl hepa a A tbe nied Ha eae P) to produce the mean micure (32 P), = 25 kg of cheaper salt (giver! sto be mixed vith 20 hg of dearer salt (42 P) Hence te reqired amount f dearer sl (42 Ps 20 Es a SS"Ve *F Mathematics “AS hes 20 Ret, Mtr digo Ty at A Ee lue (Or Cos Price) of he mixture Case! When two Ingredients A and B are mixed 4, and q, -> Quantities of A and B respectively C, and C, + Cost price of A and B respectively Mean value (cost price) is given by | C1 x a1 + Ce X a2 : (i) a, and q, may also be in ratio form (in proportion) in the above formula. (ii) Above formula can also be derived from the Alligation Rule Case When more than two ingredients are mixed (Cy xy + Cz XQ + Cy Xn) (41 +42 +--+) NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 2 ‘A man mixes 6 kgs of tea worth Rs 6 per kg and 4 kgs of tea worth Rs 7 per kg and the mixture is sold at 105% profit, Find the selling price per kg of the mixture. C= Solution 6x644%7 Mean value (cost price) of the mixture = —~ =~ = Rs 6.4 per kg Sale price per kg of the mixture a11x64 = Rs 7.04 per kg. NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 3 ‘Two vessels contain spirit and water mixed respectively in the ratios 3 : 1 and 5 : 3. Find the ratio in which these are to be mixed to get a new mixture in which the ratio of spirit to water is 2 : 1 Solution Let us consider the parts of spirit in both the given mixtures and also in the new mixture, ji 3123 The parts of spirit in the first mixture = 37 =] The parts of the second 328 w parts of spirit in the second mixture = ¢—3 = 3 Que The parts of spit in the new mixture = 57" 5 ‘Note : The difference in the application of Rule-4 and Rule-5. As the Rule-4 is used to find the quantity of each ingredient in the final mixture, but the Rule-S is to find the quantity of each micture in the final mixture By applying Alligation Rule, Quantity of Mixture Lin the new mixture Quantity of Mitre Win the new mixture wei nsloe! en Im Bley Required ratio of two mixture is 1 2 Si 33 ere aceireeeerreeaiciaiiiceiiceaiii aaClass IX Removal of an amount from a mixture Let the mixture contain A and B ‘Amount of mixture = M ‘Now, ‘x’ unit of mixture s So, amount of mixture taken This process (of taking out and ‘amount of A left out {val [amount of A originally present UM, at the start of operation) ‘Amount of B left out = M amount of A left out. at is done by equal amount of B, $0, first. NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 4 | i { A seven lire ves! coréin 2 mire of ik and water, ik being 49% of total volume. few tres ofthe as xe ant eace’ by eal amount of water. This process is repeated twice and now the mi Teves of mixare is taken out each time? taken out and replaced by an equal amount of any ingredient, aes » Say B, replacing) is repeated ‘n’ times the formula finds ‘amount of A left ou" raixture is taken is 9% only. How many ‘Solution Let the amour of mare taken out each time = x lires. Here, mixture is replaced by water} Therelone, 4 leres of micture are tahen out each time. Case = Removal of an amount from an ingredient Unlike ar a nee oy nals cain noe oy eee rice bn sp sit of nthe agrees Then ai, eee taken ‘second operation and replaced by the same ingredient. vessel contain only ingredient A. 7 - a taken out aoutMathematics’ RL | ‘Amount of A initially present = a, say In first operation, amount of A taken out = x and replaced by another ingredient, say B In second operation, amount of mixture taken out = x and replaced by B 4 {after first operation, amount of A removed is replaced by equal amount of second ingredient B, $0, before second operation, A gets mixed with the second ingredient, B. Hence, in second operation, we cannot take only A, but we take out a mixture of A and B). If this operation of taking out and replacing with equal amount of B is repeated ‘n’ times,then Amount of A remaining _[ ‘Amount of A initially present ~ , Amount of A remaining = aft -3| al and, Amount of A remaining Amount of Bremaining 7 1-| [! =. T Because replacement is done by equal amount of B, so, the formula finds ‘amount of A remaining’ first ' NUMERICAL CHALLENGE 5 Nine litres are drawn from a flask fll of juice and it is then filed with water. Nine litres of the mixture are withdraw and the flask is again filed with water. The ratio of quantity of juice now remaining in the flask to that of the water in it is 16 : 9. What is the capacity of flask? Solution Let the capacity of flask = a litres (which is equal to amount of juice initially present) Using the formula, Amount of A remaining _ _\ i) Ma ‘Amount of B remaining u(y i a J The process is repeated twice, ie. n= 2 {Amount withdraun each time = x = 9 i 2 i 9 } (- 1. i j (1-2) a) i ee ; 9 { , & > 2. i i 2 ( * 2 a=45 \ Therefore, the capacity of flask = 45 litres. Ls 35 eee ee eeeCo >», Partnership ‘Altay invests in the same business jointly, the “profit or loss ig ae Wh ro pater. Th prone hones mone) recalled Pang : 5 Investment and Share + 0 Tatra proftin the business uno Aan B He Amount tof AxNo.of months invested by A. Profit of A: A te nvenaentx No, of months invested by B Profit of B Re Monthly Bulaent of investment OE = Profitof A - B’¢ Monthly Equivalent of Investment (ME) Profit ofB @ sore tan wo persons investmoneynabsness then, MELof A: MEL Of: MET Of C= Phy, ‘A: Profit for B : Profit for C (a I thereis loss in business, (&)H the umber of 1 MEL ofA : MEI of B: MEI of C= Loss of A : loss of B : loss of C. | months invested or period of investment is the same for each partner, then, 4, 4 investment : C’s investment = A’s profit : B’s profit : C’s profit o investment Mian aaa "Aand Btogethermvested Rs 12,000 ina business. At the end ofthe year, out of a total profit of Rs 1,800, As share was Re 750, What was the investment of A ? ‘Solution Since profits are shared in the ratio oftheir investments profit $e A A’sinesmmet ech dred B ~ Bsfveamer (0%) vested by A and B forthe same period) 5 Iewesmnert of A= gg * 12000 = Rs 5,000. Asad a business with a capital of Rs 10,000 and 4 months later, B joined him with a capital of Rs 6000 ‘What isthe share of A in the total profit of Rs 2,000 at the end of the year ? ‘Solution Proft ofA MAGA Amant No.of months Proft fB ~ MGB ~ Anout No of monte 10.0012 3 ae “1 + Profit share of A= = 7 2000 = Rs 1,500Mathematits ue ' aban ; ' Ina business, A, B, and C invested Rs 380, Rs 400 and Rs 420 respectively. Divide a net profit of Rs. 18 0 3 3. among the partners. Solution A's profit : B's profit : C’s profit = A’s investment : B's investment : C’s investment = 380 : 400 : 420 = 19: 20:21 Profit share of A = 2 x 180 = Rs 57 Profit share of B= 2 x 180 = Rs 60 21 Profit share of C = > x 180 = Rs 63 AU rE nee ee NMI ATE == TS = ee Nei, Mate Agu ayClass IX PARTNERSHIP, MIXTURES AND ALLIGATIONS L : = which are water Avvesselisfilled wth Bquid, 3 parts of and 5 parts syrup. How much ofthe mbure must be dreun of and replaced with water so that the mixture may be half water and half syrup? 8 1 1 3 = a3 @ BF Ws italy conta oli ‘Suppose the vessel inital contains 8 tres Let x Bires of this quid be replaced with water. x.) (Quentty of water in new mire = (s-$+] nes => Sx+ 242 40-x = Ik=16 > xq. So, pert of the mamure replaced = ‘Tee wort Rs. 126 perez and Rs. 135 per iz are mined with 2 third variety m the ratio 1-1-2 mare is worth Rs. 153 per is, he price of the third veriery per ig wil be: (1) Rs 169.50 Rs 170 | Rs 17550 @ Re 180 Snce first and second verieties are mixed i exp Proportions So, their average price = Rs 16-15 | Z— |= Ps 13050 | | So, Se mame is formed by moore tw verities, | ne aR 1H hg ene the other 2 say. Ps x per | igntentc? 216.11 Wetaew tec By | the nde of we hese: Card lig | tee eee | 4 SOLVED Pxanntty x=158 * 250 => x- 153 = 22.50 => x= 175.50 Acan contains a mixture of two quid the ratio 7: 5. When 9 litres of pane and Bin off and the can is filled with B, the ratio of bosomes 7 9. How many tes of he contained by the can initially? a10 (2)20 (3) 21 (4)25 Suppose the can intially contains 7, mixtures A and B respectively 1 and A vag x and x of Quantity of Ain mixture left = (% 3) oes a - (»-3) ra Quantity of B in mixture left = (5-52) (6-3 ae u 252x - 189 = 140x +147 112k = 336 x23, the cer: contained 21 litres of A A eilh vertex bas 2 cans of milk. The first contains 2%, wees anc the rest milk, The second contains Ht water. Ho seach ilk sac shad he nb om ath A the adainers w as to get 12 hires of milk Such heat the ratin A water to milk is 3 5? (1) 4 inves, 6 tes (2)6 tues, 6 titres (35 ves, 7 inves | euug (4) 7 inves, 5 inres | eereece st et Ramen, te nko, Thny 8 ts aut Sol. Het the cost of I ltr mil be Rs. 1 Mile in 1 ire mix, in 1* can = 3 te, ; 3 cP. ‘of 1 litre mix. in ‘1*can Rs. a 1 Mik in 1 lire mix. in 2 can = 5 litre, CP. of 1 litre mix. in 2can Rs. 3 By the rule of alligation, we have: CP. of 1 litre mixture in 1 can: CP. of 1 litre mixture in 2° can CP of 1 litre CP of 1 litre ‘of 2nd kind of Ast kind 3/4 v2 See a Vs Vs 1 Ratio of two mixtures = gg = 1:1 io 8 So, quantity of mixture taken from each can = 1 (5-2) = 6 litres. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of pulses costing Rs. 15 and Rs. 20 per kg respectively so.as to get a mixture worth Rs. 16.50 ka? (13:7 (2)5:7 (3)7:3 (45:5 CP of 1 kg CP of L kg of Ist kind of 2nd kind Rs. 15 Rs, 20 ee a Rs. 16.50 N Rs 3.50. Rs, 1.50 Required rate = 3.50 1.50 = 7:3. Sol. Mathematics TT ct 6. ‘A dishonest mikman professes to sel his mill at cost price but he mixes it with water and thereby gains 25%, The percentage of water in the mixture is: (14% (2) ohm (3)20% = (4) 25% I. Let C.P. of 1 litre milk be Re. 1 ‘Then, S.P. of 1 litre of mixture = Re. 1, Gain = (2x) 4 2586, CP. of Litre mixture = Re. | 390") = 5 CP of 1 titre ‘of 2nd kind CP of 1 hire of Ist kind 7 ty) Smee a 4/5 wv 4 . 1 Ratio of milk to water = 3: 3 = 4:1 Hence the percentage of water in mixture 1.100 }%6 = 20% 5 J How many kilogram of sugar costing Rs. 9 pet kg must be mixed with 27 kg of sugar costing Rs. 7 per kg such that there may be a gain of 10% by selling the mixture at Rs. 9.24 per kg? (36g (2)42kg B)S4q 4) OS kg SP of 1 kg of mixture = Rs. 9.24, Gain 10%. 100 \ j mixture = Ra, (199.28) CP of Fig of mae = Rs. | 775° 934 = 8.40 CP of Lg, CP of Lig of Lst kind cof Ind kind Rs. 9 Rs. 7 Nene oa Rs 140 Rs 060 39Class IX . i _/ ey Tate mixed with 27 kg of 2nd Sol, Let CP. of 1 litre milk be Rey" Atte, . 10. Let xkg of sug kind, <. Ratio of =14:6=7:3 then, 7:3=: 27 quantities of 1* and 2" kind 1 axe ()- 63g. ‘A container contains 40 lites of milk, From ths a ether 4 Hires of mikes tken outand repiced to water. Tis process wes repeated further wo nee, How much milk is now contained by the (1) 26.34 litres (2) 27.36 tires (3) 28 kires (4) 29.16 litres ‘Amount of milk left after 3 operations ay = (0-5) | litres 99,9 - (od Fa) 29.16 litres. ‘A jar full of liquid contains 40% alcohol. A part of ‘this liquid is replaced by another containing 19% ‘alcohol and now the percentage of alcohol wes found to be 26%. The quantity of liquid replaced is = 1 2 2 3 Ms 95 95 4&5 Strength of Strength of Ist jer 2nd jar 40% 19% ee ia 26% — Th 14% So, ratio of I and 2° quantities = 7:14 = 1:2 2 In what ratio must weter be mioced with milk to gain 16265 on seling the mice at cont price? (1:6 (6:1 2:3 44:3 SP. of 1 litre of mixture = Re.1, g, & vy Gain = Th «CP. of 1 litre of mixture = (100. 3 Foe 7 CP of 1y of milk a a . 1 6 v. Ratio of water and milk = 5: 5 = 1:6, CP of 1 litre of water 0 ean Price. va 6/7 V7 11. Find the ratio in which rice at Rs. 7.20 per kg be mixed with rice at Rs. 5.70 per kg to produce mixture worth Rs. 6.30 per kg. . (1:3 22:3 3)3:4 4:5 CP of 1kg CP of 1kg ‘st kind 2nd kind 720 570 DP. - 7 a 630 ~, :. Required ratio = 60 : 90 = 2:3. I what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties off wa Re 60 per kg and Rs. 65 per kg 30 thal ty selling the mixture at Rs. 68.20 per kglhe may 2? 10%? : (3:20 (23:4 a4 S.P of 1 kg of the mixture = 12. (33:5 Rs. 68.20, Gain = 100 6620) CP. of 1kg of the mixture = Rs. (710 = Rs. 62. CP of kg Sol. . PE 3k i 5 i st. |BM el rice is Rs. 15 per kg and Type 2 rice is Rs. 20 per kg. If both Type 1 and Type 2 are mixed in the ratlo of 2 : 3, then the price per kg of the mixed varlety of rce Is: (Rs. 18 (2)Rs. 18.50 @Rs.19 (4)Rs, 19.50 Ggole_Latthe price ofthe mined vrety be Rs. x perk, CP of 1kg CP of Tkg, Ist kind 2nd kind Rs. 15 Rs. 20 4 4 Rs. x | (20-%) &-15) > 14. Amerchant has 1000 kg of sugar, part of which he sels at 8% profit and the rest at] 8% profit. He gains 14% on the whole. The quantity soldat 18% proftis: (1) 400 kg (2) 560 kg (3) 600 kg (4) 640 kg Sol. profit on profit on Ist part 2nd part 8% 18% Ratio of 1* and 2 parts = Quantity of 2 kind = (31000) = 600, : : ! 3 | 15. A, B and C enter into a partnership . ‘A’ contributes Rs 320 for 4 months, ‘B' contributes Rs | 510 for 3 months, and 'C’ contributes Rs 270 for 5 months. If the total proftis Rs 208, find the profit 2 share of the partners. } | A’ profit : B's profit : C's profit « MEI of A: MEI of B: MEL of C = 320 «4-510 x3: 270x5 = 1280 : 1830. 1350 = 128: 153; 135 16. 17. 18. Mathematics 128 . Profit of A= Gag iss+ ta) *2°8 128 = 208 ~ R64 153 Profit of B = 22 x 208 = Rs 76.50 135 Profit of C= Gig x 208 = Rs 67.50 AB and C enter into partnership with a total of Rs 8,200. A's capital is Rs 1,000 more than B's and Rs 2,000 less than C’s. What is B's share of the year’s profit of Rs 2,460? Given A = B+ 1,000 = C- 2,000 = C=B+3,000 A+B+C=(B + 1,000) +B+ {B + 3,000) = Rs 8,200 (aiven) 3B + 4,000 = 8,200 B= Rs 1,400 1,400 Share of profit of B= g 999 * 2,460 = Rs 420 ‘Three bikers A, B and C start on a trip with Rs 50 each and agree to share the expenses equally. If at the end of the trip, A has Rs 20 left with him, B has. Rs 30 and C has Rs 40, how must they settle their accounts? They start with total of Rs (50 x 3) = Rs 150 and they return after the trip with (20 + 30 + 40) = Rs 90. So, to settle their accounts, each person musthave Bs = Rs 30 with them, Hence C must pay Rs 10to A. Rs 1,290 is divided between A, B and C so that A’s 1 share is 15 times B's and B's share is pe times of C's. Whats C’s share? A:B:C=3x7:2%7 =21:14:8 ax4> Class IX 3,000 and Rs 4,000 ina business. Similarly, monthly equivalent of mene AM, * ester gM 19. AandBinvest Rs: 21. ‘A receives Rs 10 per month out of the profit as a remuneration for running the business and the rest of profit is divided in proportion to the investments, ifina year totally recelves Rs 390, what does B receives? ‘Total profit - Remuneration = Balance profit “This balance proftis divided in proportion to their investments. Balance profit of A __ Investment of A Balance profit of B ~ Investment of B 390-10x12__ 3000-3 => Balance profit of B= 4000 4 {Since remuneraiion of A is Rs 10 per month) = Balance profit of B = 4 x ™ = Rs 360. Since B does not get any remuneration, hence B receives Rs 360 at the end of the year. What amount of money is divided between A, Band Cif Band C together get Rs 100 and A gets twice ‘as much as B while C with A gets Rs 150? Given, B+ C= 100 andA+C = 150 ~ A=2B, -. 2B+C=150 = B+B+Q~ 150 (Since B + C = 100) ~ B= 150-100 =50 2 A+B+C=(A+Q+B=150+50 = Rs 200. A and B entered into partnership with capitals in theratiool4:5. Ate 3 month, A withdrew + of tis copa and B withdrew 2 of his cptal. The spin 2t the end of 10 months was Rs 760. Find their shares of proft. Ratio of capitals of A and Bare 4-5 Let, the capitals of A and B be Rs 4x and 5x : = [3x 4x4 [ixtexe ' 3 (ince A invested Fx 4x for 7 months) 22. ey? $$ 4 = (3 « 5x} + [7+5e4] 4 (ce B invested 5% 5x for 7 month Profit share of A Ey Profit share of A cf Profit share of B ~ wate ~ 3& , Bx ” 33 Prof ofA = TBS * 760 = Re ap 43 Profit of B= ayagy ¥ 760 = Rs gag ‘The share of A in a partnership is Rs 1 000 than that of B, but capital of A is invested months while capita of B for 12 months. then” of A of the yearly profits is the same as oo then what is the capital of A? x MElof A _ Profit of A MEI of B ~ Profit of B = Capital of Ax8 (Capital of A -1000)x12 2. Capital of A = Rs. 3,000 A, Band C invest Rs 4,000, 5000 and 6000 respectively in a business and A gets 25% of prot for managing the business, the rest of profits divided by A, B and C in proportion to their invest ment. Ifin a year, A gets Rs 200 less than B and C together, what was the total profit forthat year? After giving 25% of the total profit amount to Afor j managing the business, the rest 75% of total profit 3 is divided amoung A, B and C in proportion to their | investments. In 7506 of total profit, A's share : B's share : C* i share = 4,000 : 5,000 : 6,000 = 4:5:6 | 7 1 2. 75% of total profit = 4x + 5x + 6x “Total profit = = = 20x . Share of A = 4x + 25% of 20x = 9* Share of B = 5x Share of C = 6x Given, (5x + 6x) - 9x = 200 = x =100 + Total profit = 20x = 20 x 100 = Rs 2:000 aeMathematics meeccons an\cast\Pa shen ee Pom, Mara nd Algom Fhany & ne ALL 24. Since 60% of the profit is distributed equally 0, one «i HE ores ivested Rs 1,250 and Rs 850 rapes tively in a business. Both the partner distribute 60% of the profit equally and distribute the rest 40% as the interest on their capitals. fone partners received Rs 30 more than the other, find the total profit. partner recives Rs 30 more than the other only due to distribution of rest 40% of the basis of their in- vested capitals A’sdQM%proft 1250 25, 1: Bis 4@%profit ~ “850 "17 25417 B-17 a 00 => Profit = 8 x 30x 40 = Rs 393.75, ~. Total profit is Rs 393.75. . Capital of C = i : 1 25. Inaparinership, A invests ¢ of the capital for & 1 of the time, B invests, 4 ofthe capital for 3 of the time and C, the rest of the capital for whole time. Find A’s share of the total annual profit of Rs 2,300. Let the total time be 12 months A's profit : B's profit : C’s profit = MEI of : MEI of B : MEI of C 1a 1. 1 z (}x12):4(3x22) gz 6 " ole 2 wl 118 1 v- Share of A = 7 q7qg * 2300 = Rs. 100.Class GATIONS 'S AND ALLIGATIONS LE PARTNERSHIP, MIXTURE Bratt es by imesing Rs | 7+ Svan started software 2a 1. A,Band C started a bus 1,50,000 50,000. After six months, Nang. he, Rs, 1,35,000 and Rs a capital of Rs. 80,000, ned "8B, 1,20,000 tre ofeach cucfan ari a prottof Rs 24.500. mee Years, nn, 700. the profit? 28 Sima Ma wend 1) Rs, 9423 ‘ey (a) Rs, 16800, 18900, 21000 (Re C2)Rs, 10,96, (2) Rs. 18900, 21000, 16900 8) 12500 (4)Rs. 1059 8. Aand B started a business jy a aa Rs. 20,000 and Rs. 15000 oth ng ¢ : months, C joined them with Alter, 2 Aerating Rs. 45608 be Bs share in the ill prottet eo Wty 3 moth, Ptr inhi witha cnn! oF atthe end of 2 years from the start 60,000. After another 6 months. ae “ (1) Rs. 7500 (2)Rs gone es them with a capital of Rs. 90,000. a ers 9800 ae a the year they mae a prot cf RS 16.509: F8 |g run, Kamal and Vinay invested py tbe share of each Rs, 4000 and Rs, 8000 repeciveiyins tt (a) Rs. 6600, 6600, 3300 Anum lft after six months. If after eight (Rs. 3300, 6600, 6000 ee Rs. 4005, then what will be ig aan (1) Rs. 890 (2) Rs. 1335 a pee ina bene. After few —_ (4) Rs. 1780 * : 7 10. A,B and C enter into a partnership. months, B joined hrs with Rs 57.000. At the end Rs, 40,000, Rs. 80,000 ie 12000 pena of the year, the tol prof wes chided between Atthe end of the first year, B withdraws Rs. 40,000 them in the ratio 2: | After how meny months did while at the end of the second year, C withdraws Bion? Rs. 80,000. In what ratio will the profit be shared ()4 month Dé mock at the end of 3 years? Gi8 meth 43 moch ()2:3:5 @)9:4:7 4. P and Q sented 2 buses mnesing Bs. 85,000 (3)4:5:9 Oe i respecte 7 IL. Ina business A invested Rs. 2000 for 6 month, B ae be eer ag invested Rs. 4000 for 3 months, Cine 90 respectively? for 4 months. They divides a profit of Rs. 3300in. = the ratio of their investment, then share of Ais J o1a:4 (1) 3600 (2) 800 i 315-23 (3) 1000 (4) 1100 ot 5. A.B, C enter into 2 parmerstir imestig Rs. | 12. A and Binvest in a business in the ratio3 :2 ; | 00, Bs. 45,000 and Bs. 55.000 respectively of the total profit goes to charity and A’s shares + The respective shares cf A.B. Cin an arena pects | Rs. 855, the total profit is i ARs. 40500 are ()Rs. 1425, (2)Rs. 1500 i (1) Re 10500, Re. 13.500, Bs 16.506 | Rs. 1537.50 (a) Rs. 1676 { | 13. Mr. Nilesh Agarwal opened a workshop ot | (2) Rs. 11.500, Rs. 13,000, Rs. 16,000 3) Rs 11,000, Rs 14,000. Rs. 15,500 (4) Rs. 11.500, Ps. 12.500, Rs. 16,500 6. Reena an Shaler me partrersm a bsines, Heenan invests Ks. 35,000 or 8 ants ond Stace ness Rs. 42,000 for 10 montts. Ot of 2 profit of Rs. 31,570, Reena's share i (1) Rs. 9471 Oks 260% (3)Rs. 18,040 Gis 14,942 Ps, 40,000. He invested additional amour ay § 16,000 every year. Alter two years his e500 Saxe pone tien with an arpount of RS e ‘Therefore Suresh did not invest any from ed amensct. On connpletion of four 9ears To | openion A workshop they earned 20 2 gf Hs 1,95,000, Whaat will be Nilesh's hate | 1,10,000 (2) Ks. tas 95,00 (4) Hs. 9 are. seas 48.5 aoe te 2 ei, Mi nd Aen Thay an Mathematics all ee Mi, Aiwats Rs, 3000 fr one yar ina business. How 20. Nikita bought 30 kg of wheat at the rate of Rs rruch B should invest in order that the profit after 4.75 per ka, 40 kg of wheat at the rate of Rs. per kg, 40 kg 1 year may be divided into ratio of 2 : 3? 4.25 per kg and mixed them, She sold the mixture (1) Rs. 2000 (2) Rs. 1800 at the rate of Rs. 4.45 per kg. Her total profit ST patents et ae 4600 or loss in the transaction was 15. Mr. Shivkumar started a business investing Rs. 25,000 in 1996. In 1997 he invested an adkitional Oe eee amount of Rs, 10,000 and Mr, Rakesh joined him (@) Rs. 3.50 loss ans ore an amount of Rs, 35,000. In 1998 Mr. | 21. A mixture contains spin and water in the ratio Shivkumar invested another additional amount of 3. 2. If it contains 3 litres more spirit than water, Rs. 10,000 and Mr. Suresh joined him with an the quantity of spirit in the mixture i amount of Rs. 35,000. What will be Rakeshis share H1) 10 12 titres in the profit of Rs. 1,50,000 eamed at the end of ee . three years from the start of business in 1996? ) 8 litres 14) 9 teres (1) Rs. 70,000 (2) Rs. 60,000 22. A container contains 240 litres of wine, 80 litres (3) Rs. 45,000 (4) Rs. 50,000 js taken out of the container everyday and an equal 16. A and B started business with Rs. 3000 and Rs quantity of water is put into it. Find the quantity of ‘4000 respectively. After 8 months A withdraws Rs. the wine that remains in the container at the end 1000 and B advances Rs. 1000 more, At the end of the fourth day. ete rae amounted to Rs. 630. Then (1) 39.2 litres (2) 32 litres e share of is 42.5 lite 41 litres (1) Rs. 180 (2) Rs. 360 oe te. (3) Re, 200 (@) Rs. 240 23. A vessel contains 50 litres mill. The milkman 17. Prabodh bought 30 kg of rice atthe rate of Rs, 8.50 delivers 10 litres to the first house and adds an per kg and 20 kg of rice at the rate of Rs. 9.00 ‘equal quantity of water. He does exactly the same Fer kg. He mixed the two. At what price (approx, at the second and third house. What is the ratio pat bg shoud he sel he mitre incr et 20%6 ‘of milk and water when he has finished delivering fi Re. 950 (2) Rs. 850 cpaatainat! 5. 9. saa (@) Rs, 10.44 (a) Rs, 12.00 (1) 64: 61 (2).27 37 18. Prabhu purchased 30 kg of rice at the rate of Rs. (3) 16: 19 (4) 19 : 27 17.50 per kg and anther 30 hare a2 core 24, Amixture of acertain quantity of milk with 32 litres rate. He mixed the two and sold the entire quantity of water is worth Rs. 1.50 per litre. If pure milk at the rate of Rs. 18.60 per kg and made ae much milks there 20 percent overall profit. At what price per kg did = - ——— he purchase the lot of another 30 kg rice? ee (1) Rs. 14.50 (2) Rs. 12.50 (1) 18 litres (2) 14 ites 1 Os 15.50 (4) Rs. 13.50 (3) 16 litres (4) 20 litres A and Bate partners ina business. A contributes | 95 The De ei ce {of the capital for 15 months and B received should be added to 126 quintals of wheat costing Rs. ; | 285 per quintal so that 20% may be gained by selling 3 ~ profit. Find for how long B's money was the mixture at Rs. 480 per quintal wall be at (2) 38 quintals (1) 1 year (2)9 months on ae eens (3) 6 months (4) 10 months | (3) 69 quintals (4) SO quintaisI ee ee - mportant Notew iMathematics Simple and Compound Interest, Installments If P stands for principal, R the rate percent per annum, T the number of years, A the amount and 1 the simple interest, then $1x100 S1x100 R= - i), PxT (i) T= rR PRT SI 00 100.A P= Fo0+RT Solution PRT — 1000x12x5 Cle ropes et oe Final amount = P + SI = 1000 + 600 = Rs. 1600 Find the total simple interest on Rs, 800 at 7% per annum and on Rs. 700 at 16% p.a. and on Rs. 500 at 4% p.a. for 2 years. Solution PLR: T, PeRo Th Ps Rs Sl- “joo *~ 100 *~ 100 _ 800% 7x2_700%16x2 | 500% 4x2 = ep100 2 e100 100 = 112 + 224+ 40 = Rs, 376 3. IRs, 650 amounts to Rs.790 in 4 years, then what sum of money will it amount to in 7 years at the same rate of interest? Solution SI = Rs. (790 - 650) = Rs 140. Also, S.l. = er _ S50x(R)x(4) _ p _ 140x100 70 100s eae GOOn = 140 “a Amount = oe] = sso aoxt | 100 + 13x 100. , 40 1300 = Rs. 895.