Stat Reviewer

Statistics; Mathematical body of science that pertains to

 Collection
 Analysis
 Interpretation
 Explanation
; presentation of data
Probability; A chances of an event, that is likely to happen
Random Variables (X); function that associates a real number to each sample space
Sample Space; set of all possible outcome (ex. Flip a coin twice: there are 2 possible outcome
the head & tail, but 4 sample space)

;
Outcome; Possible Results of the given Experiment (ex. Roll a die: the outcome can be 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6)
Experiment; any moment of activity, which can be repeatedly

Lesson Condition/ steps Sign Formula

Probability P=outcome
P(x) Sample space
Discrete ✦ probability Mass function
Probability ✦ If the sum of P(x) is 1, it’s Discrete
✦ If less than 0/ greater than 1, it’s not Discrete
Continuous ✦ If the random variable (X) can take any values,
Probability It’s Continuous
✦if the prediction of data is within a specified
range of values, it’s continuous
Ex. Pressure, weight/mass, temperature, volume,
density & distance
Random Variables
(x)
✦list the sample space
✦count the Number of assigned values in
each sample space & assign this number to
this outcome (ex. Flip a coin twice: & the
assigned value is the head)
 ✦make a conclusion
The Mean of a M=Σ(x)(p(x))
Σ
✦Summation
Discrete ✦Find (X) (P(x)) then Sum all each value
Probability M=Σ x •p(x)
Variance & ✦find the mean Variance Variance
Standard Deviation σ²= ∑(X-M) ²• P(x)
of a discrete
✦subtract the mean to Each value (x)
✦square the result (σ²) Standard Deviation
✦multiply the result to its corresponding P(x) Standard
σ= √∑(X-M) ²• P(x)
✦get the sum of the result Deviation

(σ) where:
✦(x) Values of the
Random Variable
✦P(x) probability of the
Random Variable
✦(M) Mean of the
Probability Distribution

Probability Distribution
(x) P(x) X•P(x) M-X (M-X)2 (M-X)2•P(x)

M
σ2
σ

Normal Distribution; “Normal Curve”; bell shape distribution; important role in inferential
statistics
; graphical representation to describe the characteristics of population
; refers to a continuous probability distribution

Properties of Normal Probability Distribution

 The Curve is a bell shape
 The Curve is Symmetrical about its center
 Mean, median & mode coincide at the center
 The Tails of the Curve flatten out indefinitely along the horizontal axis (X axis) but never
touch it
 The Area under the Curve is equal to 1/100%
Lesson Properties Condition Sign Formula
Z Score Z=X-M
(Z) σ
Finding X:
X=M+Z• σ
Probability ✦Denotes the P(Z>a) = Z score P(a<Z<b)
using Standard probability that is greater than a
Normal Curve (Z) Z score is
P(Z>a) = Z score
between a & b
is less a