JEE (MAIN+ADVANCED)

Organic Chemistry
ENTHUSIAST COURSE

STUDY MATERIAL

Hydrocarbons

English Medium
All rights including trademark and copyrights and rights of translation etc. reserved and vested
exclusively with ALLEN Career Institute Private Limited. (ALLEN)

No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, adapted, abridged or translated, transcribed,
transmitted, stored or distributed in any form retrieval system, computer system, photographic or
other system or transmitted in any form or by any means whether electronic, magnetic, chemical or
manual, mechanical, digital, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or stood in any retrieval
system of any nature without the written permission of the Allen Career Institute Private Limited.
Any breach will entail legal action and prosecution without further notice.

This work is sold/distributed by Allen Career Institute Private Limited subject to the condition and
undertaking given by the student that all proprietary rights (under the Trademark Act, 1999 and
Copyright Act, 1957) of the work shall be exclusively belong to ALLEN Career Institute Private
Limited. Neither the Study Materials and/or Test Series and/or the contents nor any part thereof i.e.
work shall be reproduced, modify, re-publish, sub-license, upload on website, broadcast, post,
transmit, disseminate, distribute, sell in market, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any
form or by any means for reproducing or making multiple copies of it.

Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this work may be liable to criminal
prosecution and civil claims for damages. Any violation or infringement of the propriety rights of
Allen shall be punishable under Section- 29 & 52 of the Trademark Act, 1999 and under Section- 51,
58 & 63 of the Copyright Act, 1957 and any other Act applicable in India. All disputes are subjected to
the exclusive jurisdiction of courts, tribunals and forums at Kota, Rajasthan only.

Note:- This publication is meant for educational and learning purposes. All
reasonable care and diligence have been taken while editing and printing this
publication. ALLEN Career Institute Private Limited shall not hold any
responsibility for any error that may have inadvertently crept in.
ALLEN Career Institute Private Limited is not responsible for the consequences
of any action taken on the basis of this publication.
 ≅ΚΚ∆Μ
® Hydrocarbon

HYDROCARBON

REACTION CHART FOR ALKANES

GMP GR
H , Ni
(1) R–C ≠ CH 2 ↑ X , hµ or UV light or 400 ↓C
200,300↓C (1) 2         
↑ RX
or Sabatier
R–CH=CH2 senderens rxn O
(2) Nitration
↑ R–N

®
Zn ,Cu ∗ HCl or O
(2) R–X  ↑
Red P / HI or LiAlH 4

(3) Sulphonation H S O
(3) R–Mg–X 
HOH or ROH
↑ 2
       2
7 ↑ Alkyl Sulphonic acid
or NH 3 or RNH 2

(4) RX 
Na/ dry ether
↑ (4) 
SO2Cl2 Reed reaction
↑ RSO2Cl
Wurtz reaction hµ
R–H   ↑
(5) RX  Zn  ↑ or
Frankland's reaction AlCl / HCl
↑ R–R (5) 3 ↑ Branched alkanes
Isomerisation
R , C , Cl or ROH
(6) || Red P / HI
↑ or
O CnH 2n+2
Pyrolysis
(6) ↑ Alkenes + CH or C H
500, 700 ↓C 4 2 6
or
R ,C,R or RCHO
|| (7) 
(Cr) or (Mo) or Al 2O3
↑ Aromatic compound
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Enthuse\Chem\Module\Mod.#Halo-Alc & Et.-Hydr.-Carb.-Oxi.-Red.-Ald & Rxn-(OC)\Eng\03_Hydrocarbon\01_Theory+Ex.p65"

500↓ C
O
Zn ,Hg / Conc. HCl
(7) R ,C,R  ↑
|| Clemension reduction (8) 
CH 2 N 2
step up rx n
↑ Higher alkane
O

(8) R ,C < O
H 2 N , NH 2
 ↑ (9) 
O2
Χ
↑ CO + H O
Wolf Kishner reduction 2 2
| Combustion
R
or
(RCH2CH2)3B 
H 2O
↑
NaOH ∗ CaO
(9) RCOONa  ↑
Χ

(10) RCOONa Kolbe

's electrolytic synthesis
 ↑
(11) Al4C3 
H 2O
↑

E 97
JEE-Chemistry ≅ΚΚ∆Μ
®

REACTION CHART FOR ALKENES

GMP GR
H Ni
(1) R–CH2–CH2–OH  
conc. H 2SO 4
↑ (1) 
2,
↑ R–CH2–CH3
Χ / ,H 2 O 200,300 ↓C

X
(2) R–CH2–CH2–X alc
. KOH
↑ (2) ↑
2
R–CHX–CH2X
, HX
HX
Zn dust / Χ (3) ↑
 R–CHX–CH3
 ↑
(3) R–CH2–CH for higher alkene
, X2 (4) HBr
 , Peroxide
↑ R–CH2–CH2Br
R , CH , CH 2  ↑
Zn dust (5) HOCl
↑ R–CH(OH)–CH2Cl
(4) | | Χ
dil. H SO
X X (6)  
2
4 ↑ R–CH2(OH)–CH3
∗ H2O

®
(5) R–C ≠ CH 
H 2 / Pd
↑ (7) ∗
CH 2 N 2
↑
BaSO4 / CaCO3

(8) BH 3
(6)
RCH , COOK
|  
Kolbe's electrolytic synthesis
↑  ↑ (RCH2CH2)3B
RCH , COOK
CO ∗ H 2
R , CH , CH 3 R , CH , CH
2 2
  
(9) HCo (CO ) ↑ | + |
Χ 4 CHO CHO
(7) (C2H5)4N+OH ↑ O2
Pyrolysis (10)  ↑ CO2 + H2O
(8) R–CO–CH2–CH2–R ↑ Χ
R , CH , CH 2
(11)  ↑
(i )OsO 4
O (ii) NaHSO3 / H 2 O | |
(9) R–H Pyrolysis
↑ OH OH

(10) CH2=CHCl 

(i )Mg
↑ Baeyer ' s reagent R , CH , CH 2
(12)  ↑
(ii) Me, I
1%alkalineKMnO4 | |
CH 2 < PPh3
(11) R–CH=O  ↑
wittig reaction
OH OH

R , C , OH + CO + H O

node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Enthuse\Chem\Module\Mod.#Halo-Alc & Et.-Hydr.-Carb.-Oxi.-Red.-Ald & Rxn-(OC)\Eng\03_Hydrocarbon\01_Theory+Ex.p65"

(13) strong
 oxidant
↑ || 2 2

(14) Per
acid

↑
Pr iles ,chalev 's reaction

1/ 2 O
(15) Ag 2 ↑
300↓C

(16) 
O 3 / Zn,H 2O
ozonolysis
↑ +
O
↑
(17) 200
2
Polyalkene
↓C high P
Cl
(18) ↑
2 Substitution product
500 ↓C

Al (SO )
(19) 200
2   ↑ Isomerisation
4 3
,300 ↓C
(20) 
acetic anhydride
↑ R–CH=CH–COCH3
Χ
Methyl alkenyl ketone
98 E
 ≅ΚΚ∆Μ
® Hydrocarbon

REACTION CHART FOR ALKYNES

GMP GR
H
(1) CH2Br–CH2Br alc. KOH , NaNH
    2 ↑ (1) ↑
2
C2H4, C2H6
Ni
(2) CH3–CHBr2 alc. KOH , NaNH 2 X2
    ↑ (2) ↑ C2H2X4
(3) CHCl3 Ag
powder
 ↑ (3) HBr
↑ CH BrCH Br
2
Peroxide 2
Χ
↑ C2 H2 ↑
(4) CHBr2–CHBr2 Zn
dust

↑ (4) HBr
No peroxide
↑ CH3–CHBr2
Χ HOCl
(5) ↑ Cl2CH–COOH
CHBr HCN , Ba ( CN )
(5) || Zn (6)    
2 ↑ CH2=CHCN
↑ CH COOH, Hg ∗2
CHBr (7) 3   ↑ CH3CH(OCOCH3)2

®
(6) CH2=CH–Cl alc. KOH , NaNH
    2 ↑ Hg ∗2 , 80↓C , dil. H SO
(8)     2
4 ↑ CH3CHO
HC , COONa Kolbe's electrolytic synthesis ( Kucherov 's reaction )
(7) || ↑
Dil.H SO / HgSO
HC , COONa (9) 
2 4 4
Kucherov ' s reaction
↑ CH3CHO
H O
(8) CaC2 
2
↑ CO ∗ HOH
(10)   ↑ CH2=CH–COOH
↓C Ni( CO ) 4
(9) 2C + H2 electric
 arc ,1200
  ↑
Berthelot 's process
CO ∗ EtOH
(11)    ↑ CH2=CH–COOEt
i ) Na (ii) R,X
(10) CH3–C≠CH( Ni ,160↓C
 ↑ CH3–C≠CR
NaNH 2
i ) CH 3MgI (ii ) R ,X (12)  
↑ NaC≠CNa
(11) CH3–C≠CH (    ↑ CH3 –C≠CR
AgNO ∗ NH OH
(13)  3 4 ↑ AgC≠CAg white ppt.
( Tollen 's Re agent )
H2O
(12) Mg2C3  ↑ CH3 – C ≠ CH Cu 2Cl 2 ∗ NH 4OH
(14)     ↑ CuC≠CCu red ppt.
Combustion O2
(15) ↑ CO2 + H2O
node06\B0BC-BD\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Enthuse\Chem\Module\Mod.#Halo-Alc & Et.-Hydr.-Carb.-Oxi.-Red.-Ald & Rxn-(OC)\Eng\03_Hydrocarbon\01_Theory+Ex.p65"

Δ
CHO
(16) 
Baeyer 's Reagent
↑ HCOOH
CHO

O3 ∗H O
(17) 
Ozonolysis
↑ 
2
↑ 2 HCOOH

(18) 
(Red hot 
Tri m erisation
iron ↑
tube ) benzene

(19) 
Tetramerisation
↑ C8H8or 1,3,5,7-cyclo octa tetraene
[ Ni (CN)2 ]

(20)  ↑ butenyne

Dimerisation
[Cu( NH 3 )2 ]∗ or Cu 2 Cl 2 .NH 4Cl

s
(21) 
↑
Χ

CH OH CH(OCH3)2
(22) 3
↑ methylal
( BF3 , HgO ) CH3

E 99