S&S UNIVERSITY OF emp, MGY AND NATURA! DEP Antigen HOOL OF SCPE A RESOURCES, OF BASIC AND APPLIED BIOLOGY LEVEL 300 END Ov wy RST SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2620202; Of Setence (Medica Laboratory ‘Setence) : UMLS 309: CHEMICAL, PATHOLOGY 1 SECTION A; TRUE or FALSE (100 MARKS) }UCTIONS: Wach vet of tive questions is [oN THE QUESTION PAPER whether its trac CT) or ane ren nae OY ome Mnnoment Lhowrs ‘There is rapid loss of kidney function 2. There is progressive loss of kidney function 3, There is a sudden increase in plasma urea or Creatinine or both 4, Urine output is less than 400ml or 500ml in adults and 0.5mV/kg//hour in children 5, Symptoms of worsening kidney function are not specific ‘auses of polyuria include 7. increase in fluid intake 8, hypoaldosteronism 9. psychogenic polydipsia 10. High doses of vitamins C and B, the running of a clinical laboratory, factors that need to be addressed to ensure quality in the boratory’s environment include the following 11, Provision of good, quality reagents 12, Provision of standard laboratory equipment 13, Accurate record keeping 14, Following all quality contro! procedures 15. Ensuring that staff are competent rnal quality control 16. Is the assessment of a laboratory’s performance by comparing methods used with other methods in other labs that measure the same analyte Page 1 of 6 D. A. Berkoh/E. T Donkoh 7accuracy and validity of the process of analysis in a comparing methods used with other labs that ibrating instruments used in the laboratory in analytical methods 17. Refers to measures put in place to ensure laboratory 18. Is the assessment of a laboratory performance by © use the same method. 19. Is the assessment of the acc 20. Refers to measures put in place to en employed in the laboratory In metabolic alkalosis 21. ECF volume overload is a frequent finding 22 Respiratory compensation results in a marked 23. Prolonged vomiting may be the cause 24. Intravenous saline may be benefici 25. Potassium concentration is often high Random errors that occur in a laboratory 26 Occur because individuals are unable to replicate a process 0° part of it accurately 27. Produce precise results but the mean of v different from the true mean 28. Cause test values to vary at either side of d hence produce scattered results 29. Arise from assays that have a constant bias 30. Are caused by methods that are not precise, the true mean y of methods used in cal nsure the accuracy o' f steps involved i ly raised PCO2 alues ‘the mean anc against the true value vet are able to produce results whose mean is close to “Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration rate are correct? 1. The GER is the volume of urine from which a given substance i$ completely cleared by glomerular filtration per unit time 32. The most accurate measurements of GFR are obtained using infused exo} inulin a 33. Testing for creatinine clearance typically overestimates GER 34, Creatinine is freely filtered at the glomerulus 35. The MDRD equation estimates GFR using serum creatinine corrected for gender, weight, ethnicity and age of patient : ‘Consequences of laboratory error include 36. Delay in correct diagnosis 37. Complications from treatment 38. Cost in time and personnel effort & 39. Failure to provide proper treatment 40. Additional unnecessary diagnostic testing Ata routine checkup, a 42-year-old male with diabetes is found to have an eGFR of 32 mi/min/1.73 ‘creatinine ratio (ACR) is 35 m?. When repeated 3 months later, it is 35 ml/ min/1.73 m*. His albumin: ‘mg'mmol (310 mg/g). Macroalbuminuria is defi ned as ACR >30 mg/mmol (>300 mg/g). What ste of CKD does he have? 41, Stage 2 42. Stage 5 43. Stage 3 44, Stage 1 45, Stage 4 Calculate the mean, standard deviation and CV for the data given below. This is a range of results obtained for the concentration of oestradiol in i i Cori Sur ipence pmol/L obtained using a new analytical method 46, The standard deviation of the assay is 0.00pmol/L (72. > A Berkoh/E. TDonKor genous molecules such as Site dlhe standard deviation of The CV of the assay is 7.2¢ 97 nmol/L 35-45 nmol/L. PCO: 2.7 kPa 45-56 kPa PO: 16.1 kPa 12-15 kPa a. Based on what you have learnt in class, how would you classify the acid-base disorder. Your answer must include the terms: metabolic, respiratory, primary, secondary, and compensation, (5 marks) Explain what the laboratory findings reveal about the cause of the acid-base disturbance in less than ten (10) lines. (3 marks) Indicate if there are any other analytes you would wish to measure to make a decision about the nature of the condition? (2 marks)