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investigation in 1820.
Diagram 1 shows the position of eight compass needles around a wire with no
current in the wire.
The compass needles line up with and show the direction of the Earth’s magnetic
field lines.
Earth's
magnetic
field
compass
needle
wire
Diagram 1
Diagram 2 shows the position of the same compass needles when a current is in
the wire.
wire
Diagram 2
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6.1
(a) (i) Explain why the compass needles turn when the current is switched on.
(2)
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what is
6-2 (ii) Using evidence from the compass needles in diagram 2, draw on diagram 2
the shape and direction of a magnetic field line produced by the current in
the wire.
(2)
6.3 (iii) Suggest what happens to the magnetic field when the current in the wire
is reversed.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .............. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
*P71897A02732* Turn over
(b) The current in the wire is turned off.
Diagram 3 shows the wire placed in a uniform magnetic field.
wire
N
S
power supply
magnet
Diagram 3
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(c) The power supply in diagram 3 is replaced by an ammeter.
3.5 (i) When the wire is moved, a current is detected.
Explain which direction the wire is moved in the magnetic field to produce a
current in the wire.
(2)
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6.6 (ii) Explain why a current is produced in the wire when the wire is moved in the
magnetic field.
(2)
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6.1
(Total for Question 11 = 11 marks)
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.6
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6 The table describes the nuclei of four atoms.
7.2
(b) (i) Which two nuclei have the same number of protons?
(1)
7.3 (ii) Which two nuclei have the same number of nucleons?
(1)
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(c) All of the nuclei are unstable and have a different half-life.
(i) Explain what is meant by the term unstable.
7.5 (1)
(d) When plutonium decays, it emits an alpha particle and a gamma ray.
(i) Complete the decay equation for plutonium-238.
(4)
238 4
Pu + X +
94 0
element X = ..........................................................................................
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(e) The nucleus of americium-238 can absorb an electron.
When this happens, one of the protons in the nucleus becomes a neutron.
This equation describes the process.
1 0 1
p + e n
1 –1 0
7.7 (i) Describe how this process affects the proton number and the nucleon number
of the nucleus that absorbs the electron.
(2)
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
1.5
7.6
1.7
7.8
20
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10 The table shows some data about planets in our Solar System.
Time of orbit
Diameter Distance from Mass of planet
Planet in Earth days
in km Sun in 106 km in 1024 kg
or Earth years
8.1(a) Which planet has about the same diameter as the Earth?
(1)
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(c) (i) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.
(1)
4π r 3
volume =
3 (3)
v
(d) Calculate the orbital speed of Earth in km/s.
8.1
-
(3)
8.2
8.3 -
orbital speed = km/s ...............................................
25
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reference