Test name Test Measures Units Reference Ranges Optimal Ranges

Male: 4.1-5.6 Male: 4.2-4.9

RBC Total number of RBC
x106 /μL
(Red Blood Cell) in the blood
Female: 3.8-5.1 Female: 3.9-4.5

The amount of Male: 13.5-17.5 Male: 14-15

Hemoglobin hemoglobin in the g/dl
blood Female: 12.0-15.5 Female: 13.5-14.5

The proportion of red Male: 38.8-50.0 Male: 40-48

Hematocrit blood cells in the %
blood Female: 34.9-44.5 Female: 37-44

MCV (Mean
The average size
Corpuscular
(volume) of RBC fl 87 ± 7 82-89.9
Volume)

MCH (Mean The average amount

Corpuscular of hemoglobin per pg 29 ± 2 28-31.9
Hemoglobin) RBC

MCHC (Mean The amount of

Corpuscular hemoglobin per unit
g/dl 34 ± 2 32-35
Hemoglobin volume of the red
Concentration) blood cell

RDW (Red Cell The variability of the

Distribution Width) RBC volume % 13 ± 1.5 <13

Male: 0-15 Male: <5

Erythrocyte
ESR mm/hr
sedimentation rate
Female: 0-20 Female: <10

Total number of WBC

WBC
in the blood
x103/μL 3.5-10.5 5.0-7.5

Total number of 2.0-7.0

Neutrophils neutrophils in the
x109/L
40-60
blood % 40-74

Total number of 1.0–3.0

Lymphocyte lymphocytes in the x109/L
24-44
blood % 14-46

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Total number of
CD3+ T
CD3+ subset cells/µL 690-2540 1410
Lymphocyte
of lymphocytes

CD4+ T Total number of

cells/µL 410-1590 880
Lymphocyte helper T-cells

CD8+ T Total number of

cells/µL 190-1140 490
Lymphocyte suppressor T-cells

CD19+ B Total number of

Lymphocyte B lymphocytes
cells/µL 208-590

Total number of x103/μL 0.2-0.8

Monocytes monocytes in the 0-7
blood % 2-8

The amount of urea

BUN (Blood
nitrogen in the mg/dL 5-20 10-16
Urea Nitrogen)
blood

The level of creatinine

Creatinine in the blood mg/dL 0.76-1.27 0.8-1.1

Male: 3.5-7 Male: 3.5-5.9

The amount of uric
Uric Acid
acid in the blood mg/dL
Female: 2.6-5.7 Female: 3.0-5.5

The amount of Male: 33-236 Male: 33-236

Serum Ferritin iron stored in the ng/mL
body Female: 10-122 Female: 10-122

The amount of Male: 65–175

Serum Iron
iron in serum
µg/dL 50-100
Female: 50–170

TIBC (Total Total amount of µg/dL 250–450 250-450

iron-binding iron carried in the
capacity) blood µmol/L 44.8–76.1 44.8-76.1

UIBC (Unsaturated Levels of transferrin µg/dL 120-470 150-37

iron-binding that has not bound
capacity) iron µmol/L 21-84 26.85-67.125

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The percentage of Male: 10–50

Transferrin (iron)
saturation
transferrin that is % 25-35
bound to iron Female: 15–50

The amount of Male: 2.2-4.5

sTfR soluble transferrin mg/L
receptors in serum Female: 1.8-4.6

mmol/L 3.6-6.38 4.44-5.55

Fasting glucose
Glucose
level in the blood 65-100 70-85
mg/dL

mmol/l 0 - 0.8
The amount of
Glucose, urine
glucose in the urine
mg/dL 0 - 15

Hemoglobin bound
HbA1c
to glucose % 4.2-5.9 <4.5

2 Hours Post Meal

(Sustacal): 7.6 – 26
Insulin level in the
Insulin IU/mL 2.0-10.0
blood 2 Hours Post Glucose
(75 gm): 15 – 53

Level of antibodies Adults: < 5.0

Insulin Antibodies against insulin in IU/mL
the blood Type I Diabetes: 5 – 420

The amount of
Potassium
potassium in serum mmol/L 3.5-5.5 4.0-4.5

μmol/L 10-22 Male: <5

The total amount
Total Blood Copper
of copper in the blood
μg/dL 65-155 Female: <10

The amount of
Free Blood Copper copper unbound μmol/L 1.6-2.4
by ceruloplasmin

The amount of
Copper, RBC copper in red μg/dL 46-79 46-79
blood cells

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The amount of
IGF-1 insulin-like growth ng/mL Age: Female: Male: 250-350
factor 1 in the blood
1-2 yrs 56-144 30-122
3 yrs 26-162 20-141
4 yrs 32-179 25-157
5 yrs 39-18 30-174
6 yrs 55-238 37-192
7 yrs 55-268 55-268

Age 8-18 Refer to

Tanner Stages

19-20 217-475 281-510

21-30 87-368 155-432
31-40 106-368 132-333
41-50 118-298 121-237
51-60 53-287 68-245
61-70 75-263 60-220
71-80 54-205 36-215

Female Tanner Stages:

I (8-12yrs) 64-358
II (8-14yrs) 89-566
III (9-15yrs) 192-568
IV&V (11-18yrs) 147-646

Male Tanner Stages:

I (8-15yrs) 52-391
II&III (8-16yrs) 39-648
IV&V (11-18 yrs) 144-673

The amount of μmol/L 2.83-5.50

Blood Ceruloplasmin ceruloplasmin in
the blood mg/dL 20-40

Copper levels μg/24 h

Copper urine 20–50
in the urine

The total amount mg/dL 8.6-10.3

Total Calcium of calcium in the 8.6-10.3
blood mmol/L 2.13 to 2.55

mg/dL 4.6-5.3
The amount of free
Ionized Calcium
calcium in the blood 1.1-1.35
mmol/L

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The total amount mg/dL 1.8-2.6 >2.0

Magnesium of magnesium in
the blood mmol/L 0.74-1.07 >0.82

The amount of
Zinc µmol/L 10.7-23.0 16-18
zinc in serum

The amount of
Zinc urine mg/24 h 0.3-0.6
zinc in the urine

The amount of
FT3 (free T3) free triiodothyronine pg/mL 2.5-4.3 3.0-4.5
in the blood

The amount of free

FT4 (free T4) thyroxine in the ng/dL 0.9-1.7 1.0-1.5
blood

The amount to
reverse T3, inactive
rT3
form of T3, in the
pg/mL 90-350 92-241
blood

The amount of total

(free and bound to TBG)
Total T3 ng/dL 75-200 100-280
triiodothyronine in the
blood

The amount of total

Total T4 (free and bound to TBG) µg/dL 6-12 5.4-11.5
thyroxine in the blood

The amount of thyroxine

TBG binding globulin in the µg/dL 13.0-39.0 18-27
blood

The amount of
antibodies that bind
TGAb
thyroglobulin in the IU/mL <4 0-0.9
blood

The amount of
antibodies that bind
TPOAb IU/mL <35 <15
thyroid peroxidase in
the blood

The amount of
TRH thyrotropin releasing IU/mL 5-25
hormone in the blood

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The amount of thyroid

TSH stimulating hormone IU/mL 0.27-4.2 1.4-2.0
in the blood

Male: 25-35 Male: 32-38

The unbound TBG
T3 uptake % Female: 25-35
in the blood
Pregnancy: 15-25 Female: 28-35

FTI (T7) Free thyroxine index mg/dL 4.6-10.9 1.2-4.9

The amount of alkaline

ALP phosphatase enzyme U/L 20-140 70-100
in the blood

The amount of total,

TBIL direct and indirect, mg/dL 0.2-1.2 0.2-1.2
bilirubin

The amount of direct

DBIL or unconjugated mg/dL 0.1-0.4 0.1-0.4
bilirubin

The amount of
IBIL indirect or conjugated mg/dL 0.1-1.0 0.1-1.0
bilirubin

mg/24 hrs
The amount of 0.05-2.5
Urobilinogen urobilinogen in the
urine Ehrlichunits 0.3-1.0
/2hr

The amount of Male: 57-200

Urobilinogen, feces urobilinogen in mg/24 hrs
feces Female: 8-150

The total amount of

fatty substance
mg/dL <250 <100
Triglycerides
triglyceride (fasting) in
serum mmol/L <2.83 1.1

The level of C-reactive 0.0-10.0 <0.8

CRP mg/L
protein in the blood

The level of high

hs-CRP sensitivity C-reactive mg/L 0.0-3.0 <0.5
protein

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The amount of growth Children: 6.8-19.0

GHRH hormone-releasing pg/mL
hormone in the blood Adults: ≤ 49

The amount of growth

GH
hormone in the blood ng/mL 0-6 2-6

ToThe amount of ng/g

GH, urine growth hormone 0.2-13
creatinine
in the urine

The amount of growth

GHBP hormone binding pmol/L 686 – 2019
protein

The amount of growth

GHAb Negative
hormone antibodies

The amount of Male: 4.0-8.0

GnRH gonadotropin-releasing pg/mL
hormone in the blood Females: 2.0-10.0

The amount of Male: <5

hCG human chorionic mIU/mL
gonadotropin Female:
Non-pregnant: <5

Postmenopausal: <10

Pregnant:
< 1 wk 5-50
1-2 wk 50-500
2-3 wk 100-5000
3-4 wk 500-10000
4-5 wk 1000-50000
5-6 wk 10000-100000
6-8 wk 15000-20000
8-12 wk 10000-10000

The amount of Male:

LH luteinizing hormone mIU/mL 1.5 – 9.0 Within range
in the blood
Female:
Follicular: 2.0–9.0
Mid–cycle: 18.0–49.0
Luteal: 2.0–11.0
Postmenopausal: 20.0–70.0

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The amount of follicle Male: 2.0-9.2 Male: Within range

FSH stimulating hormone mIU/mL
in the blood Female: Female:

Follicular & Luteal: 1.8-11.2 Women <50:

within range
Mid–cycle: 6-35
Women >50: 25-100
Postmenopausal: 30-120

The total amount

Calcium
of calcium in serum
mg/dL 8.6-10.0 9.2-10.0

The amount of free

Calcium, ionized
calcium in serum mg/dL 4.64-5.28

The amount of
Calcium, urine
calcium in the urine mg/24 h 100-300

pg/mL <30
Dopamine level
Dopamine
in the blood
pmol/L <163

0-3 yrs: Not Established

Dopamine, urine
Dopamine level in μg/day
the urine 4-6 yrs: 95-221
7-12 yrs: 76-371
13-17 yrs: 137-393
18-69 yrs: 77-324
>70 yrs: 56-272

Lying down:
Norepinephrine Norepinephrine
pg/mL 70-750
(Noradrenaline) level in the blood
pmol/L 381-4,083

pg/mL Standing up:

pmol/L 200-1,700
1,088-9,256

Serotonin level
Serotonin
in the blood
ng/mL 101-283

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Norepinephrine, Norepinephrine 0-3 yrs:

urine level in the urine μg/day Not Established

4-12 yrs: 6-45

13-17 yrs: 15-57

18-69 yrs: 16-71

>70 yrs: 11-60

The amount of
Pregnenolone pregnenolone in ng/dL <20-150 40-60
the blood

The amount of Pubertal children

DHEA dehydroepiandro- ng/dL and adults:
sterone in the blood
11-12 yrs: <202
13-14 yrs: <319
15-16 yrs: 39-481
17-19 yrs: 40-491
20-49 yrs: 31-701
≥50 yrs: 21-402

The amount of Age: Female: Male:

dehydroepiandro- Top half of normal
DHEA-S µg/dL
sterone sulfate in range
19-29 44-332 89-457
the blood 30-39 31-228 65-334
40-49 18-244 48-244
50-59 <15-200 35-179
>60 <15-157 25-131

Female Tanner Stages:

I (8-12yrs) <15-120
II (8-14yrs) <15-333
III (9-15yrs) <15-312
IV (11-18yrs) 29-412
V (18yrs) 89-457
Male Tanner Stages: 200-450
I (8-15yrs) 16-96
II 22-184
III (9-16yrs) <15-296
IV 17-343
V (11-18yrs) 44-332

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The amount of
dehydroepiand- 2.5-25 Under 30: 6.4-18.6
DHEA-S, saliva
rosterone sulfate in ng/mL (age dependant)
saliva 31-45: 3.9-11.4

46-60: 2.7-8

61-75: 2-6

The amount of 17 Male: 10-50 15-25

Estradiol (E2) beta-estradiol in pg/mL
the blood Female: varies with Day 3: <80
menstrual cycle Day 14: 150-350

Follicular phase: 10-180

Mid-cycle peak: 100-350

Luteal phase: 40-200

Postmenopausal: <10

Male: 0-6
The amount of µg/24
Estradiol, urine
estradiol in the urine hours Female:

Follicular phase: 0-3

Ovulatory peak: 4-14

Luteal phase: 4-10

Postmenopausal: 0-4

The amount of Male: 0.12-0.3 Male: <0.15

Progesterone progesterone in the ng/mL
blood Female:

Menstrual cycle Women <50:

Follicular phase: within range
0.02–0.9

Luteal phase 2–30 ng/mL

Postmenopausal: <1 Women over 50:

1.5-4.5

The amount of Male: up to 0.5

Progesterone,
progesterone in µg/24
urine
the urine hours Female: up to 2.8

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Total, free and bound Male: 350-1100 >600

Total Testosterone to sex hormone- ng/dL
binding globulin, Female:
amount of 40-70
testosterone in Premenopausal: 10-70
theblood
Postmenopausal: 7-40 61-75: 2-6

The amount of free Male: 6.6-26.5 Male: 15-26.5

Free Testosterone testosterone in the pg/mL
blood Female: 0-2.2 Female: 1.4-2.2

Male: 1.5-3.2
%
Female: 0.8-1.4

Male:
Testosterone, The amount of
ng/dL
bioavailable testosterone not 20-39 yrs: 128-430
bound to proteins, 40-49 yrs: 95-350
and can be used by 50-69 yrs: 95-285
the body 70-79 yrs: 60-240

Female: 1.1-14.3

The amount of Children: 3.2-20

Prolactin prolactin in the µg/L
blood Male: 3-15 Male: <10

Female:
Nonpregnant: 4-23 Female: 2.1–5
Pregnant: 34-386

The amount of Male: ≤34

CRH corticotropin pg/ml
releasing hormone Female:
in the blood Non-pregnant: ≤34
Pregnant:
1st trimester ≤40
2nd trimester ≤153
3rd trimester ≤847

The amount of
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic pg/ml 6-48 10-40
hormone in the
blood

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The amount of 8:00 a.m.: 8.0-19 8:00 a.m.: 10-15

Cortisol µg/dL
cortisol in serum
4:00 p.m.: 4.0-11 4:00 p.m.: 6.0-10

The amount of 8:00 a.m.: 0.025-0.600 Same

Cortisol, saliva
cortisol in saliva µg/dL
Noon: <0.010-0.330

4:00 p.m.: 0.010-0.200

Midnight <0.010-0.090

The amount of Children: 3-9

Cortisol, urine free cortisol in the µg/ 24h Same
urine Male: 11-84

Female: 10-34

Pregnancy: 16-60

The amount of Supine: 3-16 14-16

Aldosterone aldosterone in the ng/dL
blood Standing: 7-30

Aldosterone,
The amount of
aldosterone in the µg/24 h 3-19
urine
urine

The level of intact

IPTH parathyroid hormone pg/mL 10 – 65
in the blood

The amount
of glucagon-like pmol/l 5-10
GLP-1
peptide 1 in the blood
in the fasting state

Adults (BMI 18-25) 3.7-7.4

The amount of leptin ng/mL Male: 1.2-9.5
Leptin
in the blood
Female: 4.1-25.0

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Adult:
The amount of
Oxytocin ng/L 1.25-5
cortisol in serum

pmol/L 1-4

Women,ovulatory surge
ng/L 5-10

pmol/ 4-8

The level of oxytocin pmol/24hr 250-700

Oxytocin urine
in the urine

The amount of
C4a complement ng/mL <2830 <2830
component C4a
in serum

The amount of matrix

MMP-9 metalloproteinase ng/mL 0-983 <330
9 in the blood

The amount of
VIP vasoactive intestinal pg/ml <75 23 - 63
polypeptide in plasma

Alpha: Up to 5.0
The amount of
MSH melanocyte stimulating pg/ml
Beta: Up to 150 13 - 15
hormone
Gamma: Up to 150

The amount of
transforming pg/ml <2380
TGF-beta 1
growth factor beta
1 in the blood

The amount of
VEGF
vascular endothelial pg/mL 31-86 31-86
growth factor in
the blood

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Daytime: 2.0-80
The amount of
Melatonin
melatonin in serum pg/mL
Night time: 18.5-180

The amount of
ADH (Vasopressin) vasopressin in the pg/mL 0.7-3.8 <2
blood

The amount of
EPO erythropoietin in mIU/mL 2.6-18.5
serum

µg/dL 30-80
Vitamin A
The amount of
74-107
vitamin A in serum
µmol/LL 1.05-2.8

70-180
Vitamin B1 The amount of
nmol/L
(Thiamine) vitamin B1 in the blood

Vitamin B2
The amount of nmol/L 6.2-39.0
(Riboflavin)
vitamin B2 in the blood

Vitamin B3 The amount of

µg/mL 0.50-8.45
(Niacin) vitamin B3 in the blood

Vitamin B5 The amount of

(Pantothenic Acid)
µg/L 37-147
vitamin B5 in the blood

ng/mL 5-24
The amount of
Vitamin B6
vitamin B6 in the blood
nmol/L 30-144

Vitamin B7 The amount of

(Biotin)
pg/mL 30-144
vitamin B7 in the blood

Adults: 2-20 ≥13

Vitamin B9
The amount of ng/mL
(Folate)
folic acid in serum Children: 5-21

The amount of
Vitamin B9,
folic acid in red blood ng/mL 200-600
red blood cell
cells

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pg/mL 110-800 600-1000

The amount of
Vitamin B12
vitamin B12 in serum
pmol/L 81-590 442.8-738

mg/dL 0.2-2.0 1.7-2.4

The amount of
Vitamin C
vitamin C in serum
µmol/L 11-114 85-170

Children: 15-90
Vitamin D, 1, The amount of pg/mL 30-60
25-Dihydroxy calcitriol in serum Adults: 21-65

Vitamin D, The amount of ng/mL Children and adults:

24-Hydroxy calcidiol in serum 20-100 75-100

The amount of
Vitamin K
vitamin K in serum pg/mL 80-1160

The amount of
Histamine histamine in the ng/mL <1
<1
blood

The amount of
Homocysteine total homocysteine µmol/L ≤13 < 7.2
in the blood

The amount of µmol/g

Homocysteine,
homocysteine in 0-9
urine creatinine
the urine

The amount of
carbon dioxide in
Urea breath test Negative
exhaled breath to
diagnose H. pylori

H. pylori Ab (IgG)
The amount of
Serology test for Negative
H. pylori antibodies
H. pylori H. pylori Ab (IgA)
in the blood
Negative

The amount of foreign

Stool,fecal proteins (antigens)
Negative
antigen test associated with H. pylori
infection in the stool

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