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Activation report of
SRB over HSPA
CPC DTX/DRX
2
1 2 3 4
Introduction SRB over HSPA CPC DTX/DRX Next steps
2.1 Overview 3.1 Overview
2.2 Parameters settings 3.2 Parameters settings
2.3 Overall performance 3.3 Overall performance
2.4 SRB H2D switching 3.4 Conclusion
2.5 Conclusion
Report Outline
3
Introduction
Network information:
− Vendor: Huawei
− RNC: V900R015ENGC00SPC560
− NodeB: V200R015C00SPC270
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1 2 3 4
Introduction SRB over HSPA CPC DTX/DRX Next steps
2.1 Overview 3.1 Overview
2.2 Parameters settings 3.2 Parameters settings
2.3 Overall performance 3.3 Overall performance
2.4 SRB H2D switching 3.4 Conclusion
2.5 Conclusion
Report Outline
5
SRB over HSPA
Overview
Up to Release 5 (Rel.5), legacy Signaling Radio Bearers (SRB) were carried over
Dedicated Channels (DCH) consuming DL resources (codes, power, channel
elements) depending on the required data rate (13.6 or 3.4 kbps).
From Release 6 (Rel.6) SRBs can be mapped onto E-DCH/HS-DSCH. This
configuration can be done during RRC or RB setup.
SRB over HSPA enables a more efficient use of radio resources, particularly in
conjunction with Fractional DPCH (F-DPCH). It also increases the theoretical uplink
peak rate of a 2 ms TTI HSUPA UE from 2.88 Mbit/s to 5.74 Mbit/s*.
Rel.5 Rel.6
7
F-DPCH Slot compared to traditional DPCH Slot
SRB over HSPA
Overview
Rel.6 F-DPCH required strict timing
constraints:
− Fixed position of TPC bits within a slot
for a UE receiving F-DPCH (same time
offset for different cells in case of SHO);
− Different UEs addressed with different
time offsets for same F-DPCH (same
OSVF code). 10 UEs can share the same F-DPCH in a cell
8
SRB over HSPA
Overview
The introduction of Enhanced F-DPCH (eF-DPCH), in Release 7 (Rel.7), allows the
usage of different time offsets for TPC commands sent by different cells to a UE.
Therefore, during a soft handover, F-DPCH channelization codes can be fully
utilized and the necessity of new F-DPCH is reduced.
In this deployment SRB over HSPA was activated together with eF-DPCH for best
DL resource usage possible.
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1 2 3 4
Introduction SRB over HSPA CPC DTX/DRX Next steps
2.1 Overview 3.1 Overview
2.2 Parameters settings 3.2 Parameters settings
2.3 Overall performance 3.3 Overall performance
2.4 SRB H2D switching 3.4 Conclusion
2.5 Conclusion
Report Outline
10
SRB over HSPA
Parameters settings
The parameters settings is shown in the table bellow.
In this implementation the mapping of SRB over HSPA is taking effect during the
RB setup, not RRC.
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1 2 3 4
Introduction SRB over HSPA CPC DTX/DRX Next steps
2.1 Overview 3.1 Overview
2.2 Parameters settings 3.2 Parameters settings
2.3 Overall performance 3.3 Overall performance
2.4 SRB H2D switching 3.4 Conclusion
2.5 Conclusion
Report Outline
12
SRB over HSPA
Overall performance
This section will present the main KPIs
related resource usage and throughput Excelent result
improvement after the activation of SRB UL and DL CE usage
SF256 code usage
over HSPA. No special focus will be HSUPA user throughput
given to accessibility or retainability due
to the following reasons:
− No impact was verified on accessibility,
CS or PS; No impact
− No impact was verified on CS Accessibility - CS retainability
retainability; Non HS power usage - RTWP
After the activation, the usage of SRB over As expected, SRB traffic carried over DCH
HSDPA* was close to 30%. reduced.
• DL SRB traffic over DCH: -11%
*SRB over HSDPA UE/Total HSDPA UE
• UL SRB traffic over DCH: -20%
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SRB over HSPA
Overall performance
SF256 code usage reduced due to the usage of As expected, SRB traffic carried over DCH
eF-DPCH. reduced by the following factors:
• SF256 code usage: -33% • DL: 11%
• UL: 20%
15
SRB over HSPA
Overall performance
RTWP kept stable after the activation of SRB The same was verified for non HS TCP, it
over HSPA. presented no considerable change.
16
SRB over HSPA
Overall performance
SRB over HSUPA + TTI 2ms can provide a theoretical maximum UL throughput of 5.74Mbps, two
times higher than TTI 2ms alone.
During stationary tests was possible to reach peaks of 4.9Mbps in a commercial cell, delivering
considerably better performance to the end user.
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1 2 3 4
Introduction SRB over HSPA CPC DTX/DRX Next steps
2.1 Overview 3.1 Overview
2.2 Parameters settings 3.2 Parameters settings
2.3 Overall performance 3.3 Overall performance
2.4 SRB H2D switching 3.4 Conclusion
2.5 Conclusion
Report Outline
18
SRB over HSPA
SRB H2D switching
This function enables the SRBs switch from HS-DSCH to DCH when the UE is
located in weak-coverage areas and a low-load cell. This approach can reduce the
increase in the PS call drop ratio, but sacrifices the positive gains produced by SRB
over HS-DSCH. However, when a UE is located in good-coverage areas or a high-
load cell, it continues to use SRB over HS-DSCH, providing positive gains.
In this implementation the load based function was configured in a way that most
cells are considered as low loaded and the SRB switch is based only on coverage.
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Good coverage SRB HO from HS-DSCH to DCH Bad coverage
SRB over HSPA
SRB H2D switching - Channel selection
SRB channel selection is done in “Access Mode” and “Connected Mode”. In Access
Mode the process is trigged by 4 specific events and Connected Mode uses
periodic intra-frequency measurements.
Access Mode Connected Mode
IRAT HO from GSM to UMTS
Coverage is
Combined HHO + SRNS reloc bad AND
load is low.
Based on 1
State transition: F2D, P2D or U2D MRM.
Is coverage Coverage is
bad AND good OR
load low? load is high.
Based on 3
SRB over MRM.
no
HSPA 20
SRB over HSPA
SRB H2D switching - Cell load evaluation
A cell is considered in low load only when the following conditions are met,
otherwise load is considered high:
− The downlink non-HSPA power load state is smaller than or equal to that of the state
specified by bits 12 to 14 of RsvU32Para4 in UALGORSVPARA (see tables bellow);
− The spreading factor corresponding to remaining codes of a cell is greater than or equal
to the value of CellLdrSfResThd in UCELLLDR.
Bits 12 to 14 of RsvU32Para4 were configured to 5 considering cell high loaded only
when in overload state, making easier the usage of SRB over HSPA.
CellLdrSfResThd was kept on default configuration.
21
Tables from Huawei’s documentation
SRB over HSPA
SRB H2D switching - Coverage evaluation
In “Access Mode”, the RNC obtains the RSCP and Ec/No from the following events:
− RRC connection setup where the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message is reported;
− P2D or U2D state transition where the CELL UPDATE message is reported;
− F2D state transition where event 4A based on the uplink traffic volume is reported.
For a UE in “Connected Mode”, the RNC initiates periodic intra-frequency
measurement and requires the UE to periodically report the RSCP and Ec/N0 of
intra-frequency cells.
If the RSCP and/or Ec/No become invalid during the RRC connection setup or TRB
setup, the RNC determines whether a UE is located in weak coverage as follows:
− If the RSCP or Ec/No becomes invalid, the other is used;
− If both, RSCP and Ec/No become invalid, the Ec/No value of FakeEcNo on UFRC is used.
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SRB over HSPA
SRB H2D switching - Coverage evaluation
Having the values of RSCP and Ec/No for a UE the RNC checks the configuration of
RsvU32Para8 (table bellow) and classifies the coverage as following:
− Bad coverage: Any of lower thresholds in met;
− Good coverage: Both upper thresholds are met.
The configuration bellow is the final proposal for Lima’s network, after the trials. It
can be tuned for other areas.
Value in dB/dBm
Bit Definition Formula GUI Value Value in BIN
(QC final recommendation)
Lower RSCP threshold for enabling SRBs to be carried on
Bits 0 to 7 -100 GUI Value - 115 15 00001111
the HS-DSCH
Upper RSCP threshold for enabling SRBs to be carried on
Bits 8 to 15 -95 GUI Value - 115 20 00010100
the HS-DSCH
Lower Ec/N0 threshold for enabling SRBs to be carried on
Bits 20 to 25 -15 (GUI Value - 49) * 0.5 19 010011
the HS-DSCH
Upper Ec/N0 threshold for enabling SRBs to be carried on
Bits 26 to 31 -13 (GUI Value - 49) * 0.5 23 010111
the HS-DSCH
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SRB over HSPA
SRB H2D switching - Parameters settings
The parameters settings is shown in the table bellow.
In this parameterization makes difficult the classification of the cells as high loaded
and keeps the SRB H2D switching based on coverage.
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SRB over HSPA
SRB H2D switching - Overall performance
Cell
Without SRB H2D switching, HSDPA with SRB As expected, the amount of HSDPA UEs using
over HS retainability was worst than PS SRB over HS reduced from 30 to almost 24%,
retainability, after activation and thresholds this reduces the gains of this feature.
tuning it clearly improved close to 1 p.p. SRB H2D switching thresholds need to
NOTE: Impacts on PS retainability are small because the amount of UEs using SRB consider the compromise between resource
over HS is not representative, with the increase of UEs supporting SRB over HSPA it
can be bigger.
gains and retainability.
25
1 2 3 4
Introduction SRB over HSPA CPC DTX/DRX Next steps
2.1 Overview 3.1 Overview
2.2 Parameters settings 3.2 Parameters settings
2.3 Overall performance 3.3 Overall performance
2.4 SRB H2D switching 3.4 Conclusion
2.5 Conclusion
Report Outline
26
SRB over HSPA
Conclusion
SRB over HSPA is highly recommend for network wide rollout due to the following
major gains:
− Reduction of UL and DL channel elements usage;
− Reduction of SF256 code usage;
− Considerable improvement in HSUPA user throughput.
SRB over HSPA is important part of HSPA+ features and prerequisite to other
enhancements, like CPC.
Minor issue related to retainability is totally manageable using SRB H2D switching.
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1 2 3 4
Introduction SRB over HSPA CPC DTX/DRX Next steps
2.1 Overview 3.1 Overview
2.2 Parameters settings 3.2 Parameters settings
2.3 Overall performance 3.3 Overall performance
2.4 SRB H2D switching 3.4 Conclusion
2.5 Conclusion
Report Outline
28
CPC DTX/DRX
Overview
The Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC) work item began in 3GPP in September
2005 and was completed in March 2007. The main justification for the CPC work
item (RP-050870) is described as:
“ Packet-oriented features like HSDPA and E-DCH in WCDMA/UMTS systems will promote the
subscribers’ desire for continuous connectivity, where the user stays connected over a long time
span with only occasional active periods of data transmission, and avoiding frequent connection
termination and re-establishment with its inherent overhead and delay. This is the perceived
mode a subscriber is used to in fixed broadband networks (e.g., DSL) and a precondition to attract
users from fixed broadband networks.
It can be assumed that many users are not transmitting any user data for some time (e.g., for
reading during web browsing or in between packets for periodic packet transmission such as
VoIP). The corresponding overhead in the noise rise caused by maintained control channels will
significantly limit the number of users that can be efficiently supported.
As completely releasing dedicated channels during periods of temporary traffic inactivity would
cause considerable delays for re-establishing data transmission and a corresponding bad user
perception, the CPC WI is intended to reduce the impact of control channels on Uplink noise rise
while maintaining the DCH state connections and allowing a much faster reactivation for
temporarily inactive users. 29
CPC DTX/DRX
Overview
CPC is divided in 3 main features:
− UL DTX: UL discontinuous transmission that includes these features/mechanisms:
− UL DPCCH DTX, which enables use of the new UL DPCCH Slot Format 4, FDPCH gating (also
called Node B DTX or DL DTX) and UL CQI DTX.
− E-DCH DTX (also called NodeB DRX or UL DRX).
− DL DRX: DL discontinuous reception that can be used ONLY in conjunction with UL DTX.
− HS-SCCH Less: Part of 3GPP work but not considered here.
CPC
Key feature
ULDTX DL DRX HS-SCCH Less
(only in conjunction with UL DTX)
Feature Rel. 7
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CPC DTX/DRX
Overview - UL DTX basic concepts
The most important concepts of UL DTX are:
− Creation of transmission gaps on UL DPCCH (new slot format);
− Synchronize transmissions on E-DCH, HS-DPCCH and DPCCH.
Both characteristics can reduce UL Tx power and save UE’s battery.
Rel. 6
UL
Rel. 7
UL DTX
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CPC DTX/DRX
Overview - UL DTX basic concepts
In more detail we have:
− UL DPCCH DTX: The UL DPCCH is transmitted whenever E-DCH or HS-DPCCH is
transmitted. When the UE is not transmitting data on E-DCH or HS-DPCCH, the UE shall
not transmit DPCCH except for a short burst, periodically (based on configurable
parameters).
− New UL DPCCH Slot Format (UL): If configured by the RNC, the UE can use a new format
for the UL DPCCH burst, when not overlapping with other UL data. The new format
includes more TPC bits compared to Rel. 6.
− F-DPCH DTX/DRX (DL): The UE shall receive TPC commands on F-DPCH corresponding
to actually transmitted UL DPCCH slots; thus Node B can DTX F-DPCH.
− CQI reporting DTX (UL): If configured by the RNC, the CQI on HS-DPCCH can be
transmitted in the HS-DPCCH subframes when the CQI reporting period defined
transmission overlaps with the DPCCH DTX transmission.
− E-DCH Transmission restriction (UL): The RNC can configure the UE to restrict the start
of E-DCH transmissions to coincide with UL DTX intervals, if there has been no E-DCH
transmission for a configurable number of TTIs.
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CPC DTX/DRX
Overview - DL DRX basic concepts
If UL DTX is configured, the RNC can also configure DL DRX.
When DRX is configured the NodeB will send DL data (scheduled on HS-SCCH, sent
on HS-PDSCH) only at pre-defined periodic intervals and the UE can schedule
reception of HS-SCCH, HS-PDSCH, and E-AGCH/RGCH based on configurable
timers and patterns.
If no data is expected in DL, a Rel. 7 UE could switch of its receiver, saving battery.
The usage of DRX is not mandatory, depends on UE implementation.
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1 2 3 4
Introduction SRB over HSPA CPC DTX/DRX Next steps
2.1 Overview 3.1 Overview
2.2 Parameters settings 3.2 Parameters settings
2.3 Overall performance 3.3 Overall performance
2.4 SRB H2D switching 3.4 Conclusion
2.5 Conclusion
Report Outline
35
CPC DTX/DRX
Parameters settings
The parameters settings is shown in the table bellow.
This implementation is based on Huawei’s default parameterization.
MO Parameter Value for TTI 10ms Value for TTI 2ms Unit
UCELLALGOSWITCH HspaPlusSwitch HspaPlusSwitch=DTX_DRX-1 HspaPlusSwitch=DTX_DRX-1
UALGORSVPARA RESERVED_SWITCH_5_BIT14 ON ON
UCORRMALGOSWITCH CfgSwitch CFG_HSPA_DTX_DRX_SWITCH-1 CFG_HSPA_DTX_DRX_SWITCH-1
UDTXDRXPARA CQIFbCkinInDTXDRXmode 8 8 ms
UDTXDRXPARA DpcchBurst1 1 1 Subframe
UDTXDRXPARA DpcchBurst2 1 1 Subframe
UDTXDRXPARA DrxCycle 5 5 Subframe
UDTXDRXPARA Drxvalid ON ON
UDTXDRXPARA DtxCycle1 5 5 Subframe
UDTXDRXPARA DtxCycle2 20 20 Subframe
UDTXDRXPARA DtxLongPreamble 2 2 Slot
UDTXDRXPARA InactThsForCycle2 4 8 E-DCH TTI
UDTXDRXPARA InactThsForDrxCycle 4 4 Subframe
UDTXDRXPARA MacDtxCycle 5 5 Subframe
UDTXDRXPARA MacInactiveThreshold 4 8 E-DCH TTI
UDTXDRXPARA CqiDtxTimer 4 4 Subframe
UDTXDRXPARA InactThsForGrantMonitoring 4 8 E-DCH TTI
UDTXDRXPARA DrxGrantMonitoring TRUE TRUE
UDTXDRXPARA Dtxvalid ON ON
UFRC DtxDrxEnablingDelay 32 32 Frame
UFRC RetryCapability DTX_DRX-1 DTX_DRX-1
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CPC DTX/DRX
Parameters settings
An important restriction in Huawei equipment is the limitation of CQI feedback
period Cycle in DTX/DRX mode, when using WBBPb boards are used this value is
limited to 2ms for DTX/DRX users.
Claro uses 8ms as CQI feedback Cycle to reduce HS-DPCCH power, the change
from 8 to 2ms increases HS-DPCCH power and reduces the benefits of DTX. A
special comparison between 2 and 8ms is presented in section 3.3 “Overall
performance”.
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1 2 3 4
Introduction SRB over HSPA CPC DTX/DRX Next steps
2.1 Overview 3.1 Overview
2.2 Parameters settings 3.2 Parameters settings
2.3 Overall performance 3.3 Overall performance
2.4 SRB H2D switching 3.4 Conclusion
2.5 Conclusion
Report Outline
38
CPC DTX/DRX
Overall performance
This section will present the main KPIs
related channel power usage after the Excelent result
activation of CPC DTX/DRX. No special DPCCH power reduction
After the activation, the usage of was close to No change was identified on RTWP.
30% of SRB over HSDPA UEs. This is only 7% of
HSDPA UEs. Deep investigation showed that usage of 2ms
CQI feedback cycle for DTX/DRX UEs was the
Gains are limited due to low penetration. main limiting factor.
40
CPC DTX/DRX
Overall performance – RNC wide
As expected, HSUPA DPCCH power reduced After change the CQI feedback cycle for
by considerable 13%. DTX/DRX UEs from 2ms to 8ms, HS-DPCCH
power reduced 20%.
With 2ms CQI feedback cycle the HS-DPCCH Small power increment was noticed on R99
power increased 18%, this was the main cause channels, considered as headroom shift from
of no improvement on RTWP. HSUPA to R99.
41
CPC DTX/DRX
Overall performance – CQI feedback cycle comparison
CPC DTX/DRX + 2ms CQI feedback cycle 8ms CQI feedback cycle
Uu_RRC_UE_InternalMeasuredResul Uu_RRC_UE_InternalMeasuredResul
Statistic ts_fdd_ue_TransmittedPowerFDD Statistic ts_fdd_ue_TransmittedPowerFDD
Mean -14.24344569 Mean -15.54857997
Mode -15 Mode -17
Median -15 Median -16
Maximum 10 Maximum 2
Minimum -30 Minimum -30
Count 1602 Count 669
Standard Standard
Deviation 4.727602176 Deviation 4.224929776
Variance 22.35022233 Variance 17.85003162
To confirm the impact of CQI feedback cycle in UL Tx power, a UE monitoring was done during
data connection with long UL data transmission bursts and showed that with CPC DTX/DRX +
2ms CQI feedback cycle the UL Tx power was 1.3dB higher if compared to 8ms CQI feedback
cycle.
This information corroborates the usage of 8ms CQI feedback cycle with CPC DTX/DRX.
42
CPC DTX/DRX
Overall performance – Top cells
Using CPC DTX/DRX with CQI feedback cycle of 8ms was possible to maintain the HS-PDCCH
power levels and reduce the HSUPA DPCCH power, having lower RTWP with higher HSUPA
traffic in cells with 10+ CPC users.
43
1 2 3 4
Introduction SRB over HSPA CPC DTX/DRX Next steps
2.1 Overview 3.1 Overview
2.2 Parameters settings 3.2 Parameters settings
2.3 Overall performance 3.3 Overall performance
2.4 SRB H2D switching 3.4 Conclusion
2.5 Conclusion
Report Outline
44
CPC DTX/DRX
Conclusion
CPC DTX/DRX is recommended for network wide rollout due to the following gains:
− Reduction of HSUPA DPCCH power;
− Reduction of RTWP.
To enhance CPC performance in Huawei network the usage of WBBPd or f boards is
needed.
Considering top cells results, important network level gains can are expected with
CPC capable UE penetration growth.
45
1 2 3 4
Introduction SRB over HSPA CPC DTX/DRX Next steps
2.1 Overview 3.1 Overview
2.2 Parameters settings 3.2 Parameters settings
2.3 Overall performance 3.3 Overall performance
2.4 SRB H2D switching 3.4 Conclusion
2.5 Conclusion
Report Outline
46
Next steps
SRB over HSPA implementation mature and optimized. Network wide activation is
done.
eF-DPCH is under network rollout.
CPC DTX/DRX rollout is recommended and future parameters optimization trials
can be done to enhance gains.
Enhanced FACH is recommended to continue with HSPA+ trials.
Enhanced FACH
CPC DTX/DRX Reduced signaling and
Reduced interference interference, improved
and improved battery battery life.
SRB over HSPA life.
Better radio resource
usage and improved 47
HSUPA throughput.
Thank you
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