Đề 44

PART B. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

I. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. All the judges gave her ten out of ten for her __________ performance. (FLAW)
2. His collection of plants contains many _________. (RARE)
3. He was in such a haste to return home that he left ____________ by the first bus. (DAY)
4. For many people, social networking offers them a feeling of ___________ from the real world. (ESCAPE)
5. If you can afford it, and still have lots of money left, buy it _____________ .(RIGHT)
6. Her son is always mischievous and ___________, which annoys her very much. (OBEY)
7. Sugar is the____________ of healthy teeth. (DESTRUCTION)
8. What percentage of the city’s _______ live in poverty? (HOUSE)
9. When confronted with a mass of red tape, many people feel a sense of __________(POWER)
10. Mr. Pike has_________ his wife by three years. (LIVE)
II. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the phrasal verbs below. Write your answers on the
answer sheet ( 10pts)
drop out keep in look up run into look forward to
run through look outcall out come out with run out of

1. The pilot ……………difficulties, and had to return to the air-port for an emergency landing.
2. If you are not sure how to use a phrasal verb, ………it……in the dictionary.
3. Let's ................... the arrangements for tomorrow's visit so that we all know what we are supposed to do.
4. I’ve been very tired at work, so I’m really ....................going away on holiday next week.
5. ……………...!The suitcase is going to fall.
6. They ………..the picnic ………. because of the rain.
7. Microsoft is …………… a new video game system next month.
8.Yuri isn't on the team any more. He …………..
9. When I am not using it, I …………. my passport ……. this drawer.
10.We ………….. milk this morning, so we need to go to the store.
III.The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Underline the mistakes and correct them in the space provided in
the column on the right. (0) has been done as an example. (10pts)

Risk-Taking and the Monkey Economy

Humans is uniquely smart among all the other species on the planet.  We are
capable of outstanding feats of technology and engineering.  Then why are we so 0. is are
prone to making mistakes?  And why do we tend to making the same ones time
and time again?  When Primate Psychologist Laurie Santos from the Comparative
1………..….
Cognition Lab at Yale University posed this question to her team, they were
thinking of particular of the errors of judgement which led to the recently collapse
of the financial markets.   Santos came to two possible answers to this question.  2…………….
Either humans have designed environments which is too complex for us to fully
understand, or we are biologically prone to making bad decisions. 3…………….
In order to be tested these theories, the team selected a group of Brown Capuchin
monkeys. Monkeys were selected for the test because, as distant relatives of 4……….……
humans, they are intelligent and have the capacity to learn.  However, they are
not influenced on any of the technological or cultural environments which affect
human decision-making.  The team wanted to test whether the capuchin monkeys, 5……………..
when put into similar situations as humans, would make the same mistakes.
Of particularly interest to the scientists was whether monkeys would make the 6…………….
same mistakes when making finance decisions.   In order to find out, they had to
introduce the monkeys to money.  The monkeys soon cottoned on, and as well as 7……………...
learn simple exchange techniques, were soon able to distinguish 'bargains' – If
one team-member offered two grapes in exchange for a metal disc and other
8……………..
team-member offered one grape, the monkeys chose the two-grape
option. Interestingly, when the data about the monkey's purchasing strategies was
compared with economist's data on human behaviour, there was a perfect match. 9……………..

10…………..

PART C. READING COMPREHENSION

I. Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable word. Write your answer in the space provided. (5 pts)
 Smart Energy

The next few decades will see great changes in the way energy is supplied and used.   In some major oil producing
nations, 'peak oil' has already been reached, and there are increasing fears of…… ( 1) …. warming.  Consequently,
many countries are focusing on the switch to a low carbon economy. This transition will lead to major changes in the
supply and use of electricity.   Firstly, there will be an increase in overall demand, as consumers switch…(2)… oil
and gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles.   Secondly, there will be an increase in power generation,
not only in terms of how much is generated, ..(3)…. how it is generated, as there is growing electricity generation
from renewable sources.  To meet these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid technology.  This system
aims to provide the electricity industry …(4)… a better understanding of power generation and demand, and to use
this information to create a more efficient power network.
Smart Grid technology basically involves the application of a computer system to the electricity network.   The
computer system can be used to collect information about supply and demand and improve engineer's ability to..( 5)
… the system.  With better information about electricity demand, the network will be able to increase the amount of
electricity delivered per unit generated, leading to potential reductions in fuel needs and carbon ..(6)…….  Moreover,
the computer system will assist in reducing operational and maintenance costs.
Smart Grid technology offers benefits to the consumer too.  They will be able to collect real-time information on
their energy…( 7) …..for each appliance.  Varying tariffs throughout the day will give customers the incentive to use
appliances…(8)…… times when supply greatly exceeds demand, leading to great reductions in bills.  For example,
they may use their washing machines at night.  Smart meters can also be connected to the ..(9)….. or telephone
system, allowing customers to switch appliances on or off remotely.  Furthermore, if houses are fitted with the
apparatus to generate their own power, appliances can be set to.. (10)… … directly from the on-site power source,
and any excess can be sold to the grid.
PART D : WRITING
I. Finish the second sentence so that its meaning stays the same as the original one. (10 pts)
1. You pay $20 a month for a period of one year.
You pay in twelve successive.................................
2. What are the chances of her passing the exam?
How likely...............................................................?
3. Under no circumstances should you phone the police.
The last....................................................................
4. It is not certain that Jones wiii get the job.
It's open......................................................................
5. We only dispatch goods after receiving the money.
Only after the..............................................................
6 That's none of your business.
That's got....................................................................
7 The fisherman's life was one of great poverty.
Throughout.................................................................
8. He was suspended for two matches for swearing at the referee.
Swearing at the referee earned....................................
9. The girl's behavior was incomprehensible to the Head Teacher.
The Head Teacher ......................................................
10. The hurricane blew the roof off the house.
The house....................................................................

II. Rewrite these sentences in such a way that they mean the same as the first, using the word at the end of
each   sentence. Do not change this word in any way. (5 pts)
Example:
There was no conclusion at the end of the workshop. (conclude)
………………………...……………………
 They did not conclude anything at the end of the workshop.
1. I left without saying goodbye as I didn't want to disturb the meeting. (RATHER)
. .......................................................................................................
2. He very much surprised me when he said he loved me. (BREATH)
........................................................................................................
3. Don't you wish you could get out more in the evenings?
(FED)
.........................................................................................................
4. Jack loses his temper easily. (TAKE)
.......................................................................................................
5. Everyone was surprised to see Geoff leave the party early. (SURPRISE)
..........................................................................................................

III. Write a short paragraph of about 150- 200 words to talk about what you have done to protect our
environment. (10 pts )
PART E. PHONOLOGY
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.(2.5pts)
1. A. supposedly B. markedly C. allegedly D. determinedly
2. A. endure B. feature C. procedure D. measure
3. A. complete B. command C. common D. community
4. A. comb B. climb C. debt D. cable
5. A. neighbour B. height C. sleigh D. weight
II. Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others. (2.5pts)
1. A. possibility B. disappointed C. manufacture D. instrument
2. A. environment B. mystery C. contribute D. terrific
3. A. deficiency B. psychology C. ecological D. competitor
4. A. recommend B. difficulty C. admirable D. document
5. A. encouragement B. interviewer C. acknowledge D. miraculously
PART F. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY:Choose the best answer to complete each of the following
sentences. (5pts)
1. Please and see us some time - you’re always welcome.
A. come to B. come about C. come round D. come away
2. This is the most difficult job I’ve had to do.
A. by far B. by chance C. by all means D. by myself
3. You’d better stop spending money, you’ll end up in debts.
A. or so B. if not C. otherwise D. so that
4. One person……..seven in the world speaks perfect English.
A. from B. within C. for among D. out of.
5. The agency is ________ and not run for profit.
A. charitable B. donated C. voluntary D. free
6. He retired early ________ his ill health.
A. on behalf of B. in front of C. on account of D. in spite of
7. Job specialisation takes place…………of production is seperated into occupations.
A. whenever the work is B. when the work
C. is when the work D. whenever working
8. The judge decided to……….the thief to three months’imprisonment.
A. sentence. B. prison. C. put. D. imprison.
9. I met Jim at college. It was the start of a………….friendship.
A. longlife B. prolong C. lengthened D. lifelong
10. Bats avoid………..objects by emitting high-frequency sounds and listening for echoes.
A. to run into B. running onto C. running into D. to run onto
PART G: READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best option for each of the following blanks. (5pts)
Media and advertising
After more than fifty years of television, it might seem only obvious to conclude that it is here to (1) ______.
There have been many objections to it during this time, of course, and (2) ______ a variety of grounds. Did it cause
eye-strain? Was the (3) ______ bombarding us with radioactivity? Did the advertisements contain subliminal
messages, persuading us to buy more? Did children turn to violence through watching it, either because so (4)
______ programmes taught them how to shoot, rob, and kill, or because they had to do something to counteract the
hours they had spent glued to the tiny screen? Or did it simply create a vast passive (5) ______ drugged by
glamorous serials and inane situation (6) ______ ? On the other hand did it increase anxiety by sensationalizing the
news [or the news which was (7) ______ by suitable pictures] and filling our living rooms with war, famine and
political unrest? (8) ______ in all, television proved to be the all-purpose scapegoat for the second half of the
century, blamed for everything, but above all, eagerly watched. For no (9) ______ how much we despised it, feared
it, were bored by it, or felt that it took us away from the old paradise of family conversation and hobbies such as
collecting stamps, we never turned it off. We kept staring at the screen, aware that our own tiny (10) ______ was in
if we looked carefully.
1. A. stay B. be C. exist D. prolong
2. A. with B. over C. by D. on
3. A. screen B. danger C. machine D. reason
4. A. that B. far C. many D. what
5. A. programme B. personality C. audience D. tense
 6. A. comedies B. programmes C. perhaps D. consequently
7. A. taken B. presented C. capable D. accompanied
8. A. Taken B. All C. Somewhat D. Thus
9. A. matter B. one C. difference D. reason
10. A. fault B. reflection C. situation D. consciousness
II. Read the following passage and choose the option that indicates the correct answer to each of the following
questions.(5pts)
In the United States in the early 1800's, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did
the federal government. States chartered manufacturing, banking, mining, and transportation firms and participated
in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes, and railroads. The states encouraged
internal improvements in two distinct ways; first, by actually establishing state companies to build such
improvements; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a
profit.
In the early nineteenth century, state governments also engaged in a surprisinglylarge amount of direct
regulatory activity, including extensive licensing and inspectionprograms.Licensing targets reflected both similarities
and differences between the economy of the nineteenth century and that of today: in the nineteenth century, state
regulation through licensing fell especially on peddlers, innkeepers, and retail merchants of various kinds. The
perishable commodities of trade generally came understate inspection, and such important frontier staples as lumber
and gunpowder were also subject to state control. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and
business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours
of work and restrictions on price-fixing by businesses.
Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive.
Its goals were the facilitation of western settlement andthe development of native industries. Toward these ends, the
federal government pursued several courses of action. It established a national bank to stabilize banking activities in
the country and, in part, to provide a supply of relatively easy money to the frontier, where it was greatly needed for
settlement. It permitted access to public western lands on increasingly easy terms, culminating in the Homestead Act
of 1862, by which title to land could be claimed on the basis of residence alone. Finally, it set up a system of tariffs
that was basically protectionist in effect, although maneuvering for position by various regional interests produced
frequent changes in tariff rates throughout the nineteenth century.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. States's rights versus federal rights.
B. The participation of state governments in railroad, canal, and turnpike construction.
C. The roles of state and federal governments in the economy of the nineteenthcentury.
D. Regulatory activity by state governments.
2. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as areas that involved statevernments in the nineteenth century
EXCEPT _________.
A. mining B. banking C. manufacturing D. higher education
3. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that in the nineteenth century canals and railroads were _________.
A. built with money that came from the federal government
B. much more expensive to build than they had been previously
C. built predominantly in the western part of the country
D. sometimes built in part by state companies
4. The regulatory activities of state governments included all of the following EXCEPT_______.
A. licensing of retail merchants B.inspecting materials used in turnpike maintenance
C. imposing limits on price-fixing D. control of lumber
5. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Homestead Act of 1862?
A. It made it increasingly possible for settlers to obtain land in the West.
B. It was a law first passed by state governments in the West.
C. It increased the money supply in the West.
D. It established tariffs in a number of regions.
III. Read the extract taken from Darwin's book The Voyage of the Beagle then choose the best answer A, B, C
or D to complete each statement. (10pts)
  That large animals require a luxuriant vegetation, has been a general assumption which has passed from one work
to another; but I do not hesitate to say that it is completely false, and that it has vitiated the reasoning of geologists on
some points of great interest in the ancient history of the world. The
prejudice has probably been derived from India, and the Indian islands, where troops of elephants, noble forests, and
impenetrable jungles, are associated together in every one's mind. If, however, we refer to any work of travels
through the southern parts of Africa, we shall find allusions in almost every page either to the desert character of the
country, or to the numbers of large animals inhabiting it. The same thing is rendered evident by the many engravings
which have been published of various parts of the interior. Dr. Andrew Smith, who has lately succeeded in passing
the Tropic of Capricorn, informs me that, taking into consideration the whole of the southern part of Africa, there can
be no doubt of its being a sterile country. On the southern coasts there are some fine forests, but with these
exceptions, the traveller may pass for days together through open plains, covered by a poor and scanty vegetation.
Now, if we look to the animals inhabiting these wide plains, we shall find their numbers extraordinarily great, and
their bulk immense. We must enumerate the elephant, three species of rhinoceros, the hippopotamus, the giraffe, the
bos caffer, two zebras, two gnus, and several antelopes even larger than these latter animals. It may be supposed that
although the species are numerous, the individuals of each kind are few. By the kindness of Dr. Smith, I am enabled
to show that the case is very different. He informs me, that in lat. 24', in one day's march with the bullock-wagons, he
saw, without wandering to any great distance on either side, between one hundred and one hundred and fifty
rhinoceroses - the same day he saw several herds of giraffes, amounting together to nearly a hundred. At the distance
of a little more than one hour's march from their place of encampment on the previous night, his party actually killed
at one spot eight hippopotamuses, and saw many more. In this same river there were likewise crocodiles. Of course it
was a case quite extraordinary, to see so many great animals crowded together, but it evidently proves that they must
exist in great numbers. Dr.Smith describes the country passed through that day, as 'being thinly covered with grass,
and bushes about four feet high, and still more thinly with mimosa-trees.' Besides these large animals, every one the
least acquainted with the natural history of the Cape, has read of the herds of antelopes, which can be compared only
with the flocks of migratory birds. The numbers indeed of the lion, panther, and hyena, and the multitude of birds
of prey, plainly speak of the abundance of the smaller quadrupeds: one evening seven lions were counted at the same
time prowling round Dr. Smith's encampment. As this able naturalist remarked to me, the carnage each day in
Southern Africa must indeed be terrific! I confess it is truly surprising how such a number of animals can find
support in a country producing so little food. The larger quadrupeds no doubt roam over wide tracts in search of it;
and their food chiefly consists of underwood, which probably contains much nutriment in a small bulk. Dr.Smith
also informs me that the vegetation has a rapid growth; no sooner is a part consumed, than its place is supplied by a
fresh stock. There can be no doubt, however, that our ideas respecting the apparent amount of food necessary for the
support of large quadrupeds are much exaggerated. The belief that where large quadrupeds exist, the vegetation must
necessarily be luxuriant, is the more remarkable, because the converse is far from true. Mr.Burchell observed to me
that when entering Brazil, nothing struck him more forcibly than the splendour of the South American vegetation
contrasted with that of
South Africa, together with the absence of all large quadrupeds. In his Travels, he has suggested that the comparison
of the respective weights (if there were sufficient data) of an equal number of the largest herbivorous quadrupeds of
each country would be extremely curious. If we take on the one side, the elephants hippopotamus, giraffe, bos caffer,
elan, five species of rhinoceros; and on the American side, two tapirs, the guanaco, three deer, the vicuna, peccari,
capybara (after which we must choose from the monkeys to complete the number), and then place these two groups
alongside each other it is not easy to conceive ranks more disproportionate in size. After the above facts, we are
compelled to conclude, against anterior probability, that among the mammalia there exists no close relation
between the bulk of the  species, and the quantity of the vegetation, in the countries which they inhabit.
Adapted from: Voyage of the Beagle, Charles Darwin
1. The author is primarily concerned with __________.
A. discussing the relationship between the size of mammals and the nature of vegetation in their habitats
B. contrasting ecological conditions in India and Africa
C. proving the large animals do not require much food
D. describing the size of animals in various parts of the world
2. According to the author, the ‘prejudice’ has lead to __________
A. errors in the reasoning of biologists B. false ideas about animals in Africa
C. doubt in the mind of the author D. incorrect assumptions on the part of geologists
3. The author uses information provided by Dr. Smith to __________.
A. supply information on quality and quantity of plant life in South Africa
B. indicate the presence of large numbers of animals
C. give evidence of numbers of carnivorous animals
D. A, B and C are correct
4. The flocks of migratory birds are mentioned to __________.
A. describe an aspect of the fauna of South Africa B. indicate the abundance of wildlife
C. contrast with the habits of the antelope D. suggest the size of antelope herds
5. The ‘carnage’ refers to the __________.
A. number of animals killed by hunters B. number of prey animals killed by predators
C. number of people killed by lions D. amount of food eaten by all species
6. To account for the ‘surprising’ number of animals in a ‘country producing so little food’, Darwin suggests all of
the following as partial explanations except __________.
A. food requirements have been overestimated B. rapid regrowth of plant material
C. large area for animals to forage in D. mainly carnivorous animals
7. The author makes his point by reference to all of the following except ___________.
A. historical documents B. published illustrations
C. private communications D. recorded observations
8. Darwin quotes Burchell’s observations in order to ___________.
 A. describe a region of great splendor
C. account for a curious situation
9. Darwin apparently regards Dr. Smith as __________.
A. reliable and imaginative
C. intrepid and competent
10. Anterior probability refers to ___________.
A. what might have been expected
C. likelihood based on data from India
B. counter a popular misconception
D. illustrate a well-known phenomenon
B. observant and excitable
D. foolhardy and tiresome
B. ideas of earlier explorers
D. hypotheses of other scientists