SOLUTION

1. Which of the following is an example of a solid solution?

(a)sea water (b)sugar solution (c)smoke (d)22 carat gold
2. Solubility of gases in liquids decreases with rise in temperature because dissolution is an:
(a)endothermic and reversible process (b)exothermic and reversible process
(c)endothermic and irreversible process (d) exothermic and irreversible process
3. How much ethyl alcohol must be added to 1 litre of water so that the solution will freeze at– 14°C ? (Kf for
water = 1.86°C/mol)
(a) 7.5 mol (b)8.5 mol
(c)9.5 mol (d)10.5 mol
4. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
(I) Assertion(A): Molarity of a solution changes with temperature.
Reason (R): Molarity is a colligative property. Select the most appropriate answer from the options given
(ii) Assertion: Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold waters rather than in warm waters.
Reason: Different gases have different KH values at the same temperature
(iii) Assertion: Nitric acid and water form maximum boiling azeotrope.
Reason: Azeotropes are binary mixtures having the same composition in liquid and vapour phase
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c)A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
5. When 1 mole of benzene is mixed with 1 mole of toluene The vapour will contain: (Given : vapour of
benzene = 12.8kPa and vapour pressure of toluene = 3.85 kPa).
a) equal amount of benzene and toluene as it forms an ideal solution
b) unequal amount of benzene and toluene as it forms a non ideal solution
c) higher percentage of benzene
d) higher percentage of toluene
6. If two liquids A and B form minimum boiling azeotrope at some specific composition then _______________.
(i) A–B interactions are stronger than those between A–A or B–B.
(ii) vapour pressure of solution increases because more number of molecules of liquids A and B can escape
from the solution.
(iii) vapour pressure of solution decreases because less number of molecules of only one of the liquids
escape from the solution.
(iv) A–B interactions are weaker than those between A–A or B–B
7. The values of Van’t Hoff factors for KCl, NaCl and K2SO4, respectively, are
(i) 2, 2 and 2 (ii) 2, 2 and 3
(iii) 1, 1 and 2 (iv) 1, 1 and 1
8. The number of ions formed on dissolving one molecule of FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O in water is:
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
9. Identify the law which is stated as: “For any solution, the partial vapour pressure of each volatile component
in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.”
(a)Henry’s law (b) Raoult’s law
(c)Dalton’s law (d) Gay-Lussac's Law
10. At a given temperature, osmotic pressure of a concentrated solution of a substance _____________.
(i) is higher than that at a dilute solution.
(ii) is lower than that of a dilute solution.
(iii) is same as that of a dilute solution.
(iv) cannot be compared with osmotic pressure of dilute solution.
11. Read the given passage and answer the question numbers 1 to 5 that follow : 1Χ 5 = 5
There are many phenomena which we observe in nature or at home. For example, raw mangoes shrink when
pickled in brine, wilted flowers revive in fresh water, etc. The substances are bound by membranes. Small
molecules like water can pass
through these membranes. This process of flow of solvents is called osmosis. The pressure that just stops the
flow of solvents is called osmotic pressure of solution. Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to molarity of
the solution at a given temperature.
(i) Out of 1 M urea and 1 M NaCl, which one has higher osmotic pressure of the solution ?
(ii) Name one natural and one synthetic membrane that can be used in osmosis. 1
(iii) A doctor advised a person suffering from high blood pressure to take less quantity of salt. Why ?
(iv) How can we convert sea water into potable water ?
(v) The Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC) in animal cells are isotonic with 0·9% NaCl solution. What will happen
when RBCs are placed in 1% NaCl solution ?
12. A glucose solution which boils at 101.04oC at 1 atm. What will be relative lowering of vapour pressure of an
aqueous solution of urea which is equimolal to given glucose solution?
(Given: Kb for water is 0.52 K kg mol-1 )
13. State Henry’s law and mention its two applications.

14. What will be the mole fraction of water in C2H5OH solution Containing equal number of moles of water and
C2H5OH
15. 10 g of glucose is dissolved in 400 g of solution. Calculate % concentration of the solution.
16. Define azeotropes with one example of each type.
17. When 50 ml of ethanol and 50 ml of water are mixed predict whether the volume of the solution is equal to
greater then or less 100ml justify.
18. When 1 mole of NaCl is added to1 litre water, the B.P. increases. When 1mole of CH3OH is added to 1litre of
water the boiling point decreases. Suggest reasons.
19. Define cryoscopic constant with its unit.
20. What is reverse osmosis? Give one large scale use of it
21. What is the value of van’t Hoff factor (i) Na2SO4 (ii) any solute molecule undergo dimerization
22. N 2 and O 2 gases have KH values 76.48 Kbar and 34.86 Kbar respectively at 293 K temperature. Which one
of these will have more solubility in water?
23. How is the concentration of a solute present in trace amount In a solution expressed?
24. What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law ? Give an example. What is the sign of ΔmixH for
positive deviation ?
25. (a) A solution containing 30 g of non-volatile solute exactly in 90 g of water has a vapour pressure of 2.8 kPa
at 298 K. Further 18 g of water is then added to this solution, the new vapour pressure becomes 2.9 kPa at
298 K. Calculate (i) The molar mass of solute (ii) Vapour pressure of water at 298 K.
26. A mixture of chlorobenzene and bromobenzene forms nearly ideal solution but a mixture of chloroform and
acetone does not. Why ?
27. State conditions which must be satisfied if an ideal solution is to be formed.
28. 5% aqueous solution of a non-volatile solute was made and its vapour pressure at 373 K was found to be 745
mm. Vapour pressure of pure water at this temperature was 760 mm. Calculate the molar mass of solute.
29. Give two differences between ideal and non-ideal solutions.
30. Calculate the amount of NaCl (M = 58·5 g mol –1) that must be added to 100 g of water so that freezing point
is depressed by 2 K. Kf for water is 1·86 K/m.
31. Calculate the boiling point of a 1M aqueous solution (density 1.04 g mL -1 ) of Potassium chloride (Kb for
water = 0.52 K kg mol-1 , Atomic masses: K=39u, Cl=39.9u) Assume, Potassium chloride is completely
dissociated in solution
32. A 5% solution of Na2SO4.10H 2O (MW = 3 22) is isotonic with 2% solution of non- electrolytic, non volatile
substance X. Find out the molecular weight of X.
33. (a) What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of glucose in water?
(b) Ibrahim collected a 10mL each of fresh water and ocean water. He observed that one sample labeled “P”
froze at 0 oC while the other “Q” at -1.3oC. Ibrahim forgot which of the two, “P” or “Q” was ocean water.
Help him identify which container contains ocean water, giving rationalization for your answer.
(c) Calculate Van't Hoff factor for an aqueous solution of K3 [Fe(CN)6] if the degree of dissociation (α) is
0.852. What will be boiling point of this solution if its concentration is 1 molal? (Kb=0.52 K kg/mol)
34. (a) What type of deviation from Roult’s Law is expected when phenol and aniline are mixed with each other?
What change in the net volume of the mixture is expected? Graphically represent the deviation.
(b) The vapour pressure of pure water at a certain temperature is 23.80 mm Hg. If 1 mole of a nonvolatile
non- electrolytic solute is dissolved in 100g water, Calculate the resultant vapour pressure of the solution.
35. Answer the following questions: a. State Henry’s law and explain why are the tanks used by scuba divers
filled with air diluted with helium (11.7% helium, 56.2% nitrogen and 32.1% oxygen)?
b. Assume that argon exerts a partial pressure of 6 bar. Calculate the solubility of argon gas in water. (Given
Henry’s law constant for argon dissolved in water, KH = 40kbar)
36. At 300 K, 36 g of glucose, C6H12O6 present per litre in its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If the
osmotic pressure of another glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, calculate the
concentration of the other solution.
37. A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271K.Calculate the freezing point of 5%
glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
38. Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass40 g/mol) which should be dissolved in 114 g octane
to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.
39. Why a mixture of Carbon disulphide and acetone shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law ? What type of
azeotrope is formed by this mixture ?
40. An aqueous solution of 2% non-volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the normal boiling point of
the solvent. What is the molar mass of the solute?
41. Calculate the amount of CaCl2 (molar mass = 111 g mol–1) which must be added to 500 g of water to lower
its freezing point by 2 K, assuming CaCl2 is completely dissociated. (Kf for water = 1·86 K kg mol–1)
42. 15.0 g of an unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting solution was fund
to freeze at -0.340C What is the molar mass of this substance (Kf for water = 1.86K kg mol-1)
43. Give reason for the following
(a)aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water then in nwarm water
(b) cold drinks bottles are sealed under high pressure of CO2
(c) RBC swell up and finally burst when placed in 0.1% NaCl solution
(d) A person suffering from High Blood pressure is advised to take less amount of table salt.
(e) Measurement of osmotic pressure method is preferred for the determination of molar masses of
macromolecules such as proteins and polymers.
(f) When fruits and vegetables that have dried up are placed in water, they swell and return to original form.
Why ? Would temperature increase accelerate the process ?
(g) Osmotic pressure is considered to be a colligative property.
(h) Molality is a better option to express concentra tion in comparison to molarity.

44. Elevation of boiling point of 1 M KCl solution is nearly double than that of 1 M sugar solution.
45. (i) What happens when blood cells are placed in distilled water ?
(ii) Why is increase in temperature observed on mixing chloroform with acetone ?