70 KEY-WORD TRANSFORMATIONS

Here is an example (0).

- It's true that the company might go into liquidation if it's not careful. DANGER
=> It's true that the company might be in danger if it's not careful.
1. The moment I shouted he ran away. SOONER
__________________________________________________
2. I'm sure that it was the sound of the rain that disturbed me. MUST
It __________________________________________________
3. I managed to finish all the homework before the deadline. SUCCEEDED
I __________________________________________________
4. I took the only course open to me and changed my job. DID
What __________________________________________________
5. They don't allow people who arrive late at the opera house in until the interval. ARE
People __________________________________________________
6. My application for the job was turned down because I didn't have the right qualifications. GROUNDS
My application for the job __________________________________________________
7. It's impossible that you saw John last night - he's in the USA! HAVE
John's in the USA, __________________________________________________
8. I am confident that he will be successful in his career. CHANCES
I am __________________________________________________
9. If you feel stressed, breathing slowly should calm you down. MAKE
Breathing __________________________________________________
10. I am really bad at remembering people's names when I meet them. MEMORY
I have __________________________________________________
11. He lost his job because he was inefficient. GROUNDS
He lost __________________________________________________
12. I'm sorry that I didn't help him. REGRET
I __________________________________________________
13. I couldn't go away for the weekend because I didn't have enough money. PREVENTED
I __________________________________________________.
14. Jane was advised to work harder by her Maths teacher RECOMMENDED
The Maths __________________________________________________.
15. This was Peter's biggest challenge to date. FACED
Peter __________________________________________________
16. I wish I had tried harder when I was at school. REGRET
I __________________________________________________
17. I wish people wouldn't talk during the performance – it makes me really uptight. NERVES
It really __________________________________________________
18. He is so ambitious - he's determined that he'll be successful in the company. MARK
He is __________________________________________________
19. Can you suggest a way of turning dreams into reality for ambitious people? TRUE
Can you __________________________________________________
20. I don't want to take part in the project. RATHER
I’d __________________________________________________
21. I don't have any free time, so I can't come to the theatre with you. WOULD
__________________________________________________
22. This milk is bad - it smells terrible! OFF
This milk __________________________________________________!
23. What the archaeologists discovered when they opened the tomb was amazing. MADE
__________________________________________________
24. People are more interested in history than you might expect. LESS
You __________________________________________________
25. For me, imagining what life must have been like then is just not possible. QUITE
I __________________________________________________
26. It's difficult for a poorly performing company to make a profit. TURN
If a company __________________________________________________
27. The failure of the company was incredibly disappointing. BITTERLY
I was __________________________________________________
28. The number of people travelling through the airport was highest in August. REACHED
The number of __________________________________________________
29. There has been a huge increase in tourism this year. GROWN
Tourism __________________________________________________
30. The number of visitors to the island has fallen dramatically. STEEP
There__________________________________________________
31. We have maintained the level of visitors to the museum this year. STABLE
The__________________________________________________
32 The shares index fell slightly before recovering to its previous level. BRIEF
There __________________________________________________
33 Although many travel companies had financial difficulties last year, they seem to have recovered now. TREND
Although many travel companies __________________________________________________
34. Some people have been saying what a good move emigrating would be. ARGUED
It __________________________________________________
35. The size of the population is unlikely to change much in the near future. STABLE
The size of __________________________________________________
36. “I think Joe should seriously reconsider his plans,” said the careers advisor. RECOMMENDED
The careers advisor __________________________________________________
37. It doesn't matter if you think you know the subject well, you must revise for the exam. HOWEVER
You must __________________________________________________
38. It was only after telling everyone that it was his birthday that John got lots of cards. HAVING
John __________________________________________________
39. However hard she tries, she still manages to offend people. MATTER
It __________________________________________________
40. Whatever film you want to see will be good for us. MIND
We __________________________________________________
41. Before he put forward the proposal, I'm sure he took the comments of local residents on board. WILL
Before he put forward the proposal, __________________________________________________
42. I expect I'll leave home before I'm twenty. TIME
I expect __________________________________________________
43. I know that I'll find the right job soon. MATTER
I know __________________________________________________
44. They confidently expect the broadcast to go ahead at 6 p.m. SURE
They are __________________________________________________
45. I'm sure he'll get a promotion very soon. LONG
I'm sure __________________________________________________.
46. I have decided to make a definite plan for my future career. AM
What __________________________________________________
47. Staying another night would have meant paying more. IF
I would have __________________________________________________
48. People will always want entertainment, providing that they have the time to enjoy it. LONG
There will always be __________________________________________________
49. Scientists have made an unexpected discovery in the treatment of cancer. BREAKTHROUGH
There has __________________________________________________
50. I thought very hard but couldn't remember the answer. RACKED
I __________________________________________________
51. I made the decision to go to university after all. DECIDED
What __________________________________________________
52. However hard I look, up to now I haven't been able to find a job. ALTHOUGH
I haven't __________________________________________________
53. I don't think my future job prospects are very good, which is very worrying. ABOUT
I am __________________________________________________
54. Originally, the course was to include music, but that changed. HAVE
Originally, the course was __________________________________________________
55. The only thing I didn't love about the concert was the price. FROM
I loved __________________________________________________
56. Even if you think you know the person well, you must work at the relationship. HOWEVER
You must work at __________________________________________________
57. It was only when he started to work hard that Peter got good results. AFTER
Peter __________________________________________________
58. I planned to visit her on Friday but I heard she'd gone on holiday. WOULD
I __________________________________________________
59. They were supposed to publish my book next month but it's been delayed. DUE
Although__________________________________________________
60. I'd planned a meeting with her at the weekend but she called it off. GOING
I was __________________________________________________
61. The irate customer refused to speak to anyone other than the store manager. ON
The irate customer __________________________________________________
62. I was just about to call you to tell you about the rearranged meeting. POINT
I was __________________________________________________.
63. My sister was totally shocked when she won the lottery. CAME
Winning the lottery __________________________________________________.
64 Joe originally intended to drive but the bad weather caused him to change his mind. WAS
Joe's original __________________________________________________
65. It was heavy snow on the line that delayed the train. HELD
The train __________________________________________________
66 She realized she'd lost her keys the moment she arrived home. SOONER
No __________________________________________________
67. He clearly felt very strongly about the situation, which took me by surprise. STRENGTH
It was the __________________________________________________
68 Brian was interested in North American history in his school days. INTEREST
Brian had __________________________________________________
69. When it comes to population, New York’s is much bigger than Moscow’s. POPULATED
New York __________________________________________________
70. The manager should think about experience when hiring new staff. CONSIDERATION
The manager __________________________________________________
1. They say he inherited his money from a ______ relative he had never met.
A. faraway B. remote C. distant D. far
2. I was thinking of going out, but on ______thoughts, it might be better to stay in.
A. strong B. second C. good D. deep
3. One of my classmates is always putting me ______in public. It’s so embarrassing!
A. up B. off C. through D. down
4. I know his name is ‘Jim’, but it was just a ______of the tongue when I called him ‘Tim’.
A. slide B. skid C. skim D. slip
5. If you leave your baggage ______at the airport, it will be taken away.
A. inattentive B. careless C. unattended D. neglectful
6. When you are in a western country, your host may open a wrapped gift in front of you. Opening a present in front of the
gift-giver is ______ polite.
A. acquired B. considered C. known D. called
7. ______the low rainfall this year, the crops did not produce a high yield.
A. Since B. Despite C. Due to D. Because
8. The color of your shirt does not __ ____ that of your trousers.
A. suit B. fit C. harmonize D. match
9. An employer may look with______ on a young college graduate.
A. suspect B. suspicion C. suspicious D. suspiciously
10. By tomorrow morning everything ______ set up in time for the performance.
A. will have been B. will be C. had already been D. have already
11. An accident in the power station may result in large ______ of radiation being released.
A. numbers B. number C. amount D. amounts
12. People believe there is a ______ between the two crimes.
A. joint B. chain C. link D. connector
13. You are not allowed to drive ______ the influence ______ alcohol.
A. under/of B. in/of C. under/by D. by/in
14. ______ exception ______ the little baby, everybody in my family has to jog every morning.
A. With/of B. With/to C. In/of D. By/on
15. The children often make ______ of Charles, which annoys his parents very much.
A. joke B. fun C. way D. consideration
16. The factory is said _______ in a fire two years ago.
A. being destroyed B. to have been destroyed C. to have destroyed D. to destroy
17. –“Would you mind giving me a hand with this bag?” - “ _____________________”
A. Yes, I’ll do it now. B. No, not at all. C. Well, I’d love to D. Yes, I am.
18. The building ______ the earthquake but then ______ by a fire.
A. survived - was destroyed B. was survived - destroyed
C. survived - destroyed D. was survived - was destroyed
19. Jan didn't check she had enough petrol before she left, ______ was careless of her.
A. what B. it C. that D. which
20. 'Which of these two men is Chinese?' ' ______ is.'
A. Both of them B. All of them C. Neither of them D. None of them
* OPEN CLOZE TEST
FUN AND GAMES

Do you think computer games is just for kids? Then you should think again. You might be (21) ___SURPRISED ___ to
learn that the game industry now (22) _MAKES_____ more money than Hollywood. (23) __AS SOON AS/ WHEN____ a
family buys a new PC, all they really want to do is to play games.

It is hardly surprising that video gaming has (24) __BECOME____ one of the most popular (25) __FORMS____ of
entertainment today. A good game is like a good film; it will hold your (26) ___EMOTIONS___, capture your imagination and
play with your emotions.

The big (27) ____DIFFERENCE__, however, is that watching a movie is a passive (28) ___PASTIME___. You have no
say in how the plot (29) ______ or which characters dominate the story. With computer games, you direct the (30)
__ACTION____ and that is what makes them so exciting. Finding the (31) __RIGHT____ game is likely to signal the
beginning of a lasting love (32) __AFFAIR____ with the interactive (33) ___WORLD___ of make-believe. It is (34)
__WRONG____ to think of gaming as something simply for children and teenagers. In fact, the (35) _BIGGEST_____
growth area of the market is the 25-35 age group.