Bluebells School International

Summer Holiday Home Work

Skill based worksheets

Class X
2023-24

Week 1
Q1 Name the following-

1. The process responsible for the transfer of energy from outside source to the body
of an organism.
2. The cells that surround the stomata pore.
3. Cellular energy reserve in plants and animals.
4. Plant cell organelle that can absorb solar energy.
5. Medium required for activity of pancreatic juice.
6. Mode of nutrition in amoeba and fungi.
7. Gland that secretes digestive enzymes as well as hormones.
8. Nitrogen needed by plants is taken in the form of.
9. Five examples of parasites.
10. Three examples of saprophytes.
11. Organisms who derive nutrition without killing them.
12. The canal which extends from mouth to anus.
13. A biological catalyst that breaks down complex food into simple molecules.
14. The movement which allows the food to pass forward in gut because of rhythmic
contraction of muscles of alimentary canal.
15. Site for absorption of water in alimentary canal.
16. The muscles which regulate the exit of food from the stomach.
17. Largest part of alimentary canal.
 18. Site for complete digestion.
19. The finger like projections of small intestine.
20. Masses of bacterial cell and food particles stick to the teeth to
form_______________.

Q2. Photosynthesis takes place in 2 phases: Dark and Light reaction.

Find out 3 differences between the two.
Q3. Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
Of all the living things in our natural world, green plants are the only things that can
make their own food. This process is called photosynthesis. Synthesis means “putting
together or making something.” The prefix “photo” means light. Therefore, the word
photosynthesis means “to make something with light.”
In order for photosynthesis to happen, four elements must be present. They are
chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, water and solar energy. All plants contain chlorophyll. This
is a green pigment (color) found mainly in the leaves. Chlorophyll is what gives a plant
its color. Carbon dioxide is a gas in the air. It enters the leaves through very tiny
openings called stomata. The stomata are mainly found on the underside of the
leaves. Plants absorb water through their roots. The water is carried up to the leaves
and other parts of the plant through special tubes, called xylem. The xylem tubes can
be thought of as “up elevators” because they carry water and minerals up the plant.
The solar energy comes from the sun.
There are many steps that take place during photosynthesis. The first is for the
chlorophyll to trap the sun’s energy. Then, the carbon dioxide that enters the leaves is
combined with the water. This makes a simple sugar and the extra oxygen is released
from the plant. The simple sugar travels to all parts of the plant through special tubes
called phloem. You can think of the phloem tubes as “down elevators” because their
job is to carry food that is made in the leaves down to other parts of the plant,
including the stem and roots. The phloem tubes and the xylem tubes are bundled
together to form the veins in the plant.

The simple sugar actually helps to create some not-so-simple things. Some of the
simple sugar that is made in the leaves provides energy for the plant to grow. Some of
it is stored as starch. When an animal or a person eats these plant parts, they are also
consuming the extra energy from the starch. For example, when you eat a salad, your
body receives energy from the lettuce. The simple sugar can also be changed into fats.
Proteins form when minerals that contain nitrogen compounds combine with the
sugar. In this way, a green plant can make all of the chemical compounds that it needs
to grow and stay healthy. Plants use proteins and fats to create cells for growth and
support and to produce seeds and fruits.

The oxygen that plants give off is essential for us to have clean air to breathe. The
stomata release oxygen the plant does not need, as well as excess water. Plants
usually take in more water than they need. They return the extra water to the
environment in the form of water vapor. Plants in tropical rain forests release large
amounts of water vapor. This release is how a plant “sweats.” The process is called
transpiration. Specialized cells, called guard cells, surround the stomata. The guard
cells control the amount of water vapor that passes out of a plant’s leaves. The guard
cells keep the stomata wide open, which allows water to freely leave the plant. When
the plant does not have enough water, the guard cells close the stomata opening to
slow down the evaporation of water.
 We could not live without plants because they are the only natural organisms that can
undergo their complex energy change known as photosynthesis. Through the process
of photosynthesis, plants give us energy and food, replenish the earth’s freshwater
supply, and promote clean air. Also, researchers have found that by simply adding a
few plants to classrooms, offices and homes, people get sick less often.

1. What does the word photosynthesis mean? Name 2 organisms apart from
plants which can perform photosynthesis.
2. What are the “down elevators” and what do they do?
3. What will happen if the plants don’t have stomata? Explain.
4. Is photosynthesis important for all living things? Justify.
5. What would happen if people cut down all of the rain forests in the world?
How would that affect your life?

Week 2
Complete the following ray diagram
(I) A ray of light is incident on a spherical mirror parallel to its principal axis.

.1 (ii)

(iii)

(iv)

Anyone who has sat in the driver's or passenger's seat in a car has probably noticed the
2. tiny wording, "Objects in mirror are closer than they appear," that runs along the
bottom of the passenger-side rear view mirror. Some may question the logic of making
 objects seem like they are farther away than they actually are, but the reason is that
such mirrors give the driver the best range of vision. Curved outwards spherical mirrors
are commonly used as rear-view (wing) mirrors in vehicles because they give an erect,
virtual, full size diminished image of distant objects with a wider field of view. These
mirrors enable the driver to view a much larger area than would be possible with a

plane mirror .

Q1 Which type of mirror is used as a rear-view mirror in automobiles and why?

Q2. A bus of height 3m appears as a diminished image in the rear-view mirror of a car.
The driver estimated the approximate image size of the bus to be just 3 cm in the
mirror. What is the magnification produced by the mirror?

[Link] radius of curvature of the rear-view mirror is 400 cm. What is its focal length?

Q4. The rear-view mirror of Sonali’s car was broken. In a hurry, she replaced the
broken rear-view mirror with a concave mirror of the same size and focal length of 20
cm. What she would likely observe in her mirror while driving?

Q5. A dentist uses a small concave mirror of focal length 3 cm and holds it at a distance
of 2 cm from the tooth. What is the magnification of the image?
3. Draw and label the image by selecting the correct terms from the options
 Match the correct Columns. Draw the correct ray diagram for each position and write
the image details

Object Position Image Formation Image

Details
1. At C Real,
Inverted
and
diminishe
d
4.

2. Beyond C Always
Virtual ,
erect and
diminishe
d
 3. At any Finite Real,
Distance Inverted
and same
size

4. Between F and P Real,

Inverted
and
Enlarged

5. Between C and F Virtual ,

erect and
Enlarged

An inverted image is magnified by 2 when the object is placed 22 cm in front of a

Q5.
concave mirror. Determine the image distance and the focal length of the mirror.
An inverted image is magnified by 2 when the object is placed 22 cm in front of a
Q6.
concave mirror. Determine the image distance and the focal length of the mirror.
Determine the image distance and image height for a 5-cm tall object placed 10.0-cm
Q7.
from a concave mirror having a focal length of 15.0 cm.
A converging mirror forms a real image of height 4 cm, of an object of height 1 cm
Q8. placed 20 cm away from the mirror. Calculate the image distance. What is the focal
length of the mirror?
An arrow 2.5 cm high is placed at a distance of 25 cm from a diverging mirror of focal
Q9.
length 20 cm., Find the nature, position and size of the image formed.
The image formed by a convex mirror of focal length 20cm is a quarter of the object.
Q10.
What is the distance of the object from the mirror?
 Week 3
Corrosion is the phenomenon of deterioration of surface of metal in presence of air and
moisture. It is a natural process and in the presence of a moist atmosphere, chemically
active metals get corroded. This is an oxidation reaction. Rusting is the process where
iron corrodes due to exposure to the atmosphere. The main circumstance of corrosion
occurs with iron because it is a structural material in construction, bridges, buildings, rail
transport, ships, etc. Aluminium is also an important structural metal, but even
aluminium undergoes oxidation reactions. However, aluminium doesn’t corrode or
oxidize as rapidly as its reactivity suggests. Copper (Cu) corrodes and forms a basic green
carbonate.

Q1.

(i) What is rusting?

(ii) Which two metals do not corrode easily?
(iii) Write the chemical name of the compound formed on corrosion of silver.
(iv) Corrosion is
(a) a redox reaction
(b) a reduction reaction
(c) a displacement reaction
(d) an oxidation reaction

Oxidation is the process of gaining oxygen or losing hydrogen. Reduction is the process
of loss of oxygen or gaining of hydrogen. The substance which undergoes oxidation is
the reducing agent while the substance which undergoes reduction is known as the
Q2.
oxidizing agent. Oxidation and reduction always take place together and these types of
reactions are known as redox reactions. Some examples of redox reactions are given
below:
 (i) Give two examples of oxidation reactions from your everyday life.

(ii) Write the oxidizing agent in reaction III and VI.

(iii) Which of the following is an oxidising agent?

(a) LiAlH4
(b) Alkaline KMnO4
(c) Acidified K2Cr2O7
(d) Both (b) and (c)
(iv) Out of oxidation and reduction, which reaction takes place at anode? text only

Question 3:
A chemical reaction is a representation of chemical change in terms of symbols and
formulae of reactants and products. There are several types of chemical reactions like a
combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, oxidation, and
Q3.
reduction reactions. Reactions in which heat is released along with the formation of
products are called exothermic chemical reactions. All combustion reactions are
exothermic reactions.
 (i) Distinguish between thermal decomposition and electrolysis.
(ii) The massive force that pushes the rocket forward through space is generated due to
the---------------------------reaction
(iii) A white salt on heating decomposes to give brown fumes and yellow residue is left
behind. Identify the type of reaction. Write the equation involved.
(iv) Write two examples of combination reaction.
(v) Mention the type of reaction for X and Y.
1: The heating of lead nitrate is an example of ‘X’ reaction.
2: The burning of magnesium is an example of ‘Y’ reaction.

The reaction between MnO2 with HCl is depicted in the following diagram.

Q4. It was observed that a gas with bleaching abilities was released.
4.1 What kind of chemical reaction takes place between MnO 2?
4.2 Complete the equation:
Cl2 + Ca(OH)2-------->
4.3 Identify the correct statement from the following:
a) MnO2 is getting reduced whereas HCl is getting oxidized
b) MnO2 is getting oxidized whereas HCl is getting reduced.
c) MnO2 and HCl are both getting reduced.
 d) MnO2 and HCl both are getting oxidized.
4.4 In the above discussed reaction, what is the nature of MnO2 and why ?
4.5 What will happen if we take dry HCl gas instead of aqueous solution of HCl?

A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an insoluble
white substance is formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and mention the type
Q5
of the chemical reaction? Which colored substance do we get?

Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions

(a) 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O
Q6
(b) H2O + F2 → HF + HOF

Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions

(a) Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid in equal molar concentrations
gives sodium chloride and sodium
Q7 hydrogen carbonate.
(b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives sodium
chloride, water and liberates carbon dioxide.

Substance X, which is an oxide of a group 2 element, is used intensively in the cement

industry. This element is present in bones also. On treatment with water, it forms a
Q8. solution which turns red litmus blue. Identify X and write the chemical reactions
involved.

Week 4
Performance Task – Adventure in the digestive land
If your digestive tract is a fantasy land (create one or choose from an existing
fictional land), and you are a mutated version of yourself (with 2 superpowers
ONLY), create a podcast/story to explain your journey through this fantastical land.
Bio
Give a name to your mutated version and to the fantasy land. Accompany this with a
creative map of the land which explains the functions of the different parts of the
alimentary canal.

Performance Task-
Chem
 Make a flip grid video on the Periodic table song or a podcast(For atomic numbers 1-
20). You may use your creative ways to create a song or may use what is already
present on the internet but put your element of creativity in it.

Performance Task (MIRROR MAZE – FIND ME WHERE I AM)

Light travels in straight lines through empty space. If it hits an object some of it is
reflected back and the rest is absorbed by the object. It is this reflection of light that
allows us to see objects around us. The walls, tables and chairs in your room don’t
emit their own light, you can see them because they reflect light either from the sun
or artificial light.
Phy
Create your own mirror Maze – To light up the road. Use mirror strips and any Old
shoe box or cardboard box for the same
[Link] (use the given
link to work on the project)

The purpose of this project is to create treasure out of trash, to repurpose or up-cycle
our garbage. In this project, you will be making crafts by reusing or recycling items
that may have been sent to the garbage dump or landfill. This is how we will reduce
Trash the burden on the landfill sites.
To Here are some Ideas that you can use to UPCYCLE your trash. You can also use your
Treasu own creativity.
re
[Link]
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.