Probertics of hag = eibgle property of Mater x ange Without can nok Cx! guantization of charge” hayge on a body can ony ex! yi (n= mnkged e © chayge is.addibive I” nave Bnet = Ut ra change. cn cxisp | + phere as 7 ist 17 phe fornr of @ * < conservation of be eveated nov, dig trayed Total charge Noe Noe*e -@ Or 1°? ot = minimum possi bl te ave ante) : sible chage © = 6X28 & Ga — Exception of restr 4) su rtd = 4 a 2s uy “Ss = y fiiags + ng) = FE 4 water] quay e Zp 2d = anim €4) (IG) +262 © zevo < quate partie dont extist indepent-ly »S° quantisation 'S gpl corre Fey ene pop essen SE een qaaneete” Is Stig be valid sed be Ce3)" a ig distributed adouber supa only pihile 1 pgidé. thE surface: quem cher is distr! bubed | dé Th a conductor ghorge. haryge non- conductor © op oF cHaBensnl? = ny Wook # METH! Tila Friction) @ve? class Roda Dy ait, car ske” Ove? sides combs ebonite ? teague JAE . jy aiLiKO orl IP expose” mg? charging f° hh Lou] exo cloud chovg! of vadis tii cgrided tie, change tr x Qve charge irl move [Lon HiegAd ; enorecrken conductor “poral charge oF a voc-distribused 1704 esrb Making porennal same; ‘ ‘ we After conduchor porenwal become same sypile charg be le offex lie gnduckion anes rere in gocing en or diandacig (ER J (oy cr dee ic cont of body) Brnduced = ye por metal (Ex 22)? Gindicee! = inducing papal (Ex #2) Ginduced Z Ginducing * FOr Non ~ Pt shy. gest method opchoraing-REET ¥ Inducton affed the di puee Mill be attraction bist neutral chege bedy. ye Will be attraction bIW bedy h cha! ‘same nature provi og | Phat magnitude. of cheges hile diferent, ie oF game nadine ek € test of charging if, pepulsian not attraction ‘am insulekd Rod 1% kept b/6 vi bution of chayge not ne. MAINIMAE Of Charge EX How Will the for ange i ‘avian tebe Brey on 22 Hill change if GE aloe ‘ eed bs? ge commas an EEE gtECl ton ee ; = 9x10(mks) a ‘ 3 a AAMStogee oer k=2 leas) Ams» Fovee Hill f fany other charge th the, dimension # Zf the distance in discussion igvery large A compared With the, or of charge. , it is freated 08 point chonge < = » fea Ae a Rote = 5x? 4K ee ediurn > permittvig = 66r 4h 4 rrediunn Hill + g Snore ye If the chayges ave &y = Relative permit'vity 0% MT Bore f2 | ate . [fel = (Gree) : ¥ Coulomb's lav follow principle of Super posi tom AB > oF a ae YO Raise “ts wy ary 6 = INITY[E < ; pERMITLVITY[E} ie : = pevmitivity of vaccume (Eo) => fo = 8-2SX40 = permit i ‘ Pee AYO tea enol avi af median Ce) init €2 /rexm™ kept in Some other ™ dieledvic const 0 2 fuxre && =& » | da - + Ud 5 —— * = Fracwne = pnts Pas Pedi = FR Gab x = aeume. v esd ey 2 FeediinmI11- cose Tf faiv = frredium 2.4 2 2 . 4 Gre EY aah We Ial-> case ay Bier Furia medion = aba ® Yor FOL wh $2 Thew-should be third bag 43 placed a ee i that mel “fovce on all th e. chawg zevos so fir value OF Qs: A weet 7 : in equid shown (7 #9: as identical chayge simple fendubten are 1" equilibrium o4 st ‘9. cniven & esa pce Sipe cateutate Rebulsion byw boll ng = KE Lrg at done = EE ren are Megas» Se et sete ii > xf che 2 of ball start 70 art $ ball See moving owerds each oFhe pith velol AY) 2 then Belikion by BV 2 grax, nf eek he oe aan ae erg [itil ZF 42 642. 2 61202 (due to action peachon peu * livi-> Tf mz> Mazo 4S (ens Hsheany so ip well dspace Aes coargle les [F0r66 5] *—+ of this system is cnoiedinshace ov, ariierek seteite l= =o] fano=o [e=50) en ee A lewank poyive.chay: ie seprasion bjn ball = se L=ad ft | eee String bewme: hprrzantet! O7/25° % Angle bil string = gorge =180 | the the v ae clewbric fovee bibl both = fe = ke = os Gy Cote wet] X Tension in €ach String = Fe = Aa 6) = Z J Vi rf this Syston 3 dippeel intorrhe Li E gq pongle onset With verwicle remain ed find dielectric cost ordi: Genie s eee, freee onze) sa “fe A aecone) “FE TU0 idem say } ntical halle ach with densiyy S'ave suspended With acommon pers RAE BY Yea inguleding giving of equal Jergt he poththe ball have Cnet non 8 havge 1% equilbsriem phenSEYI magesan angle @? birth vocal, OW the, Whole, system isemeyged 1” Reged aie density 77 Tf angle'a? loes mot: charge. . What Is dielectyre const of Lequid- —~ * Ke L 4 uspended oF EE race idenwealemall halls,ench with mo 0 be ae Point by ghvceds of dength J, Whas- changes should i he vertical: the ball for each thread to g mana Boy Wit #* oe Be ren lating Ri 00" ~ i my A ae small charge ug? Is distributed tniformadty a ad os Redlus'g! ryan addivionad charge +3" (4 Kept increament in pension of 17 Rig HE continuous Chayge.distrr bution —* [1 Linear chayge density (1)? change bev unr length: X Ff digtribution iS uniforrr, 4 % af distvibution i8 non uniform 3 ot. a [iil surface charge density (6) + chars X Ff distribution 1s uniform > x Tf P's uniform + Vv X Off’ i$ non-uniform > p= =] # ELE CTRL: FEELD ENTENSETY CA > Lt REEF Strength of effect of chage at aver we Eledic field du to point charge: — pone ———— (9) we"? [Ry = (2) CG 2/2] % yeNOTED % When Electric HUG t 2 Me mee ix, measured duttoa dept Chayge. Jazen vezy Small: sess SH SB ca een o8 the test [é] = im (EL 9579 qo XK Ddirection of Electric field *— e ta_?-»i @ve change = away ho" phe charge CE = £3) 2 Ove chaye = Towards the charge (€= £4) og a 9 of chasges inthe Sy! jem ther, ret edecdrie field 4 vector sum of all Elect eld due to charges: CP? inciple 27 superfsivion) ak al Ehetrie field By then ner 47 ore * Hf a chage'L is Kept ingete long 2, 2f i s [esa | opp 2» HE? OM force acing on 4! EON * If there ave several n pure pisTREBY i ak the. centre is A of Rade R case r > Due te uniformaly charge £19 ts 5 ay = ld > gt (A Beo Sha, Dark ibs ‘ i Big athe cere im Ht ELECTRIC FIELD DVE TO CONTENU OUS cHal cose > Due to Semi civewlar Ring foun jformaly charged eivewlar Ring along Lis ox r= % Abcentre (oc =0) Ero % Nearby point (mL ka eR Faraway point (x >>R) ppt X PY Em = dé- Ga kas x ape Gea D> w= + ANEee ria” eecic. field along aaci8 oe 0d Lie Zl . deny (+ cater » puete infinite Line. charge having uniform charge ens de d on 2 having uniform demsey a mA go semi-infinite. Line Hay cose? Due Ef A ran 1 = faewsa 3 ek va d Eo= [deGine = aemally charge bhith (6) — casewT> & due to civewlar Disc unifo Bentre= ° tale frees p+ dé a Nore 1 pie £5 [4 =" : a sz] Th Ro z pov infinitely diate’ bud Bare fect: vie field Will F % After folding the pings net ehetrie f & | ed hemi —spherraall shell Case sim m= Pat centre due fo uniformally hog Ex Find & E dueto por age ws sthnewe EoSin wp. = r= =egos(el2) x Eledric field due to uniformally chonge ule — fi A wend % Beene for uniformly charged ave. lilo “ (8 pl se em z P= = & G(s)ii Hil A e Cge = acela for wet 9 had excepy tention) $F ° a yh pre ¥9 HE polenticil diffevence (Pp): #48 independent of ference $0 i+'8 Gbeahule. poramete PD = le, de (tf EB tiniforrt fron week pp = — Brdv (af E Ms bmifor™) eledric field is dueto portal ah ge eof potential gradient en find Eflechrie frld+ + pelation bJW ESV TH ig equal te Ov! pers xf por ts function ofr? +h Tt v=f@) D6? Them» af v2 flay2)? €* e= =-Bv We pel opexetor (oradient) ave ye ie pie is + Veanth =o Ceontider zen) ‘Teen Lf V-7 Graph Is given at E= 2 e odyType mw If & Ce) = P. WpEMe® Fy, Fe LONI A EE OO bitte FS PRS edt => [Ci +6F Be) Gait aZE, ~[Excde. (64) -[Edze Dper> ff or covaph isgiven po= |- Edy] = Aveay under the curve 4H Elechric dine of forced ov, Eleutyie field Lines: ~ ee thé We Know that electrié fidd inwreihle fogerty biclure of Electro field > We draws Ededrie propertes of ELF oe : lie Tangent drawn at & point on the ine of ae gives the. direction of field at that point P lil Tio electric field Lines can never intersect 28 there will be two divecion of elearic fed oF thet hoint* re BP Nor PossreLe lil conservative Electric field tines on ne ver form close Sop liv ++ The density of Ekttrie field Lines Ina cerpou eHon gives us cr quaditadve, idea ‘ohoud the stvegth of freld in that Region (23 oom IVI They ave aluays perbendieway +o cquiporential surface: [vil the positive, charge at Rest is free to move. then tt nay oy, may not follaw the Line of forces: lvii|-> Elechne Lines ave differentiable atall point they cart have Sharp turnings: Viti Le alecwie red! ‘Lines con be dis continuous: Isolated OVE Trolated @ve charge owginetes at charge oxginates at che 2, Sod ee fio $Erd ad Ove charge:oa Infinite plane Sheet of cha Feherge Eual@ve 4 Ove chaye- * Yeprescent unifor™ Petrie field” Em Ex Ifa field Line oviginate. A128 atangle 3. Find the angle at Wich 1+ entex — 3 hage 28 on 30° = sin(2) Se ex = ins) | Ese ! 1 1 1 ! ! ! 1 x Equidstance dine I ( ) conductor there ia no Line.of fore whele. in nen -conductor fixie 4 few Line ave there» 43 “a 49-849. -@ cn -g = TT] | Fa rreral Slab - =| Capped > Pght Dielectric slab Errauced + Seft Eat bed ~oRpht Ea eyoeu induced —> Left Enet =o Eind & Eaph fret BOCK aph)QO) Eleovic at Err are always to apd) surface THIS Gn MaAFE ary angle mith non— Pony era cee 7 TEL Tal L fl - won if Ley. weial X concept - An Electric field 1S eguitched ke Lag onatte =o of shown" HM [osreeth Jaj-ravahlifude. of FeeMabion y Koc = 46 [bl Time. persed of oscillation te ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERO” (u)i- Defined for conserva V6 Feld ony: Te ee +a fet tL fos HE (FRA) oe iyi , aw point Change —* pl = ZeK0" | xIf He consider displacement dy ot, ot powton vedor ¥ dWeong = Fide a D NOTE |i) 5 gq ave bept alog bith en O8FF 4,4 both ave. of Same Sgn Heyy =@VE » U= Ove Cunseahle. KAS Hf G) Le OF OPP 89M Wert =, Ove v= © Gstable)point charges then the. total ener, liip th! no: } > If there ave 'n! nv-of potenvicel eneyptediec fo cull theje Of the system 18 the sum of, aie. Ex ie ‘ rds 42% 4a . , . . lili Ff theve ave!n' no- oF ahage3 (point) (n the system then no-of pair =| liv > External novn done in agembling Of asystem of chages = Usyster? Novi done. in disassembling a Syston of charges = ~ Usystem= = Binding Evexyy of Syston nan unit @ve hee wy . Ve BLeerate BoEM rae Oe pre teeisg th from A to 8° js a K 8 vag = Vg-vas Het = Venue 4 % = (pot of B = for of A) Note *74 ig sealar quantity (Bve. » zew, Ove) * ure} douse ov, volt % hile. caleulading potentiel diference. Charges are used along. With Sign- \ _ 4 Absoluk porenwal cober point 4 xf We bring charge fa fom infinity to a point P- then Work done, per unit Charge become potential ak P: 5 Vp = Vp — Veo H dlecric pokenpal duc to a Sysiem of chavgeh— \ / lil Due to boint charge. (@)— ————) Sie, de (8hith en) +8Jiil— Due tro syste of severat point A" a B25, 92 pth ds — MM \pr rae tee [E* ee -/ Gs wee Lith 30 / dW) 42,132 Due to continucus cheage- digtvibution — [1 |—> Due fo civcular Aig (+4) a ap. i uniform a [aj At aia ([vineafter tha, dist, oY jnon-uni for? ) [bho At afoint on vee ka ~~ [ili > wniformally eG © JAl-> Abeentre = ze | ae+f pot-enery of 2 point cha “YU OO KU4e ~ 20 eg @ve) t ve UG Bee Uz ev pet ersthen % Lhen wo point Chargecre. brought lose 70 each or pe of sysiem M3y t+ ove We eal a Potential energy of SIO” hal, iple. poly Equalts cthtebyrie sum 0 ee 4 mo of hair = AGP ongervertive fteld $0 a perform + los done. by cluctric field: ¢ Hore then 1's PEt: Gherige must used 57h) Work for Cased pendenp. of ecHuctl pecth $ yy te parfrder's proeed Horie iin electric. field i8 inde Poel woop is ze~o- = ; a Hhen a Hork enegy felationl ste Mer wads a nuclt ean Wrotal = Ake peachup fo a Closest di'stance, Hexlemeal thors + Hnon-cons = SKE Wext ++ Weons = ARE Higher the ke Of Incident o<- bovicle. closev fo (Hs tonucle keecconse Sakezo | TERE Fons sucee 1a) upeond Hext =o Tersscereliet gou 40 succes» AKEFAV=0 | op KU =const ! Sy pnc-parfde 15 thoum from with velocity 'y) powards nuclus Ch ofomie no-’2! coleul ate. clasest distance. of approch ? veo gL dpawitle i Cr2e)# Polenta at a disjance‘oe? from asus = + peloton bf PR VE ft; vB cedisplaced YOO slowdy bY exp ogon” dVaB =~ Bde 6 l NolE> lil Te find potential gigferene BI point A $B a4? fave = — LE dv =~ 2B: d¥ dv = - Edroso ii |. Te find dvetion g manited é "a Lo + # * ee field 3 abays edie froma leh Potenwart fo the ot etjear pet ofe HAs, along the bine Wher yede oft opporntal ob ae) qe ap calculating sal fom & a4 cure ~ eaunder Ex cusve AV = Oe doe AY Vag = Ve-vA = 7 4* Yie.= oe foe. = Ne. VQ = tAHH Equipokntial surface +> Tt isthe suv} esr face bh “ i% const» Tt can be sphesical ee eye sec diene x Eledrie fil | iB alu ws Ly to the oguubojenfead surge. (eL4™) & Genge (Qve (Ore) BIW two point % Horn done 18 movey | al surface (3 UMS 2€¥0* W He Electric Flux (j) > reogure af no of Lines powrg through a surface vface (S consider a8 face (8 considev i Flux going into the. su v4 Ove. g coming our of the-sv @ve 2 we 6 & Be cherie field inkowrty- fa ere plus icoming al ven vedo BIT 4 dS = (ast OS Fe a unie veer Lx to the A small avea dS % There. can be. tuo directions od. Wf theoriteally ble can cheoge any one of them bud whe calculating flux through a surface wt 7g Faken owards the. obsexve™ EX & NEw, ce \ ()) pLlovs ne OD ite Peurved ~ Poowl = £ 2 Nore 7x TO find eheinic flux either we can frrd area ly to @ — ox, we can find component OF E LX fo the gfven Area Pemembey AVX tn cose should be plone Surface] x Tpaclosed Suface ig wept ina unifor™” cleric fitll 0% rp tt bs does nopconten any charges thE fotel flux posing through THI alvey§ 2670° e CD Gropal= 0# The stedemenp of Craress Laws © net flux posting through an clased Surface 'S equal 4o change. inclosed hy /¢ divided Breet 9 Zs” i st infegyel’= Eng vate ge: ds = al urface Infegy nig raion of Ae Surface: ES ye Net flux is always caleuladed due fo changes inside. PCs Srrface tikiletndegeating 2.ds phe Zobthe SUYPACe. 18 due pall the charges inthaF S$sker?" os feld bee © With the help of rau Laut, We can find ELA) Hd a dueto the Some. charged System bud they OVE vey fr # angle yi & 3 do ot vey point on cna Surface uld be Some: *. prog of 1 Je same Prout aut phe, surface: % ther doesnt: debehend on 26° 6F bo: Abblicodion of pause (aves A a Electric field due te some symmatre chage displ bute” gf eas = be €o § Eds cos@ = Gn & Magnitude. let every point om surface, must peseme: x vrgle. bibl Z 4.dF Should sore 5 be _ ie Jal> po aR? § 2 Ed = §eds = $45 ‘~ whiny @) == ee ee -eGA) aa are +47) ae a [tin = £A/ KE LG — — 4 ZKA te & Infinite [Long Wwive +—- 6 22k : X& won conduct wre? br jane % conductirg ode? Enawie =» eee onducting Sphere Halt conducting [Solid [Hellou] g Hollow wone a+ distance, of obsewbew point from Fhe compre of sphere: position pon y>R yeh VER Nore? exe 6 aa gz olare) az 78 42 BRR surfaces = ie = ite’ © RE ee ¥ Neusface KF = 1, 7 R —_ — 4 fovan conductor of ery shape. 4 Eoutside/meevsby EiEXPKE Stuface, =_K Ee 7 esd CF g =corst) *E Surface — 6 * Exurtace EK Rk Cf oeconst) oo (2 v= const) =v te Solid Ne glitnl aavethees Position E wR —_ yoR v Axial / Longituedrel Jranaler on” Gounl = 2hOr = AP (1098 p diveston) CP ¥ Zz ee -4/ +4, app bal ea ‘ag yerse. [Broad Sd Jranp — aERe (chp divertor) Hh [Zl-> Dipole moment (7) = Che cose jbl Equitosial [Tre * k Sait P - equifevial Oppcage-Il> Cnemevel boin+ (40) + Ent kt 6 Eis a Hapa pryle. bf E&P Ot fer Z4er0) +t From same distence ‘s’ In coke of dipole Fez, =? 2kPly3 = 222 approx kepfy? = nat a. approx NoTE nek dipole i held dvethon!: dixettion rca a diel fe do pecan aed Hm equiporicl dipale eleore freld di , ye * Caipele. <2 » Goimehoyge. Xe 2 Slory wire KL Echoes IL potenticl due to a'pale ~ vel y= Kpeosa = KP cose B z Xi Ee pamrerers 1) ye Res O Y L 7 Ft [al 0=° ,y- ke [ble O=90 rae Veg = © HEI—> Behaviour of dipale in Ext uniform field: ec * Fret co (wofranstedione motion) LE PE COSa, ~ PECosa1 coge —lal+ If O=0° GORE TIRE Waass iad [verelrin) “tg T20 Se cage-lbl> fF @= 180° f=0 <= =0 & ETE. U = EpEbes! In a Sterble equikihyi pole. % give 4 ium dipole B given eral onggular asp: © nore D : 14 fexform angular SHM bith Time pamor * XE gion we Ws be DROP ——=* 1 SMALL DROPS [lila es 098 veel Ih yy = wi I Bey = 1d small [Ivo start “py = nis Comal Paull * litog. 4) big = 8 cermast [Wil Vay = Agprat 208 BEE path of Chaage: paxzicle in uniform be electri freld (= repiivie) Devietion Di >, sali h ee He conductor of Leraguler Shape: > pe Ce + padius of curvedure ) ae x VX eg Cenageraat anfece] HOKR xoKt. PFE HE x 18, Hip medal Body: oe *RD Re>Re > RA As RGD de > kg> Ra>b=0 i A> Br>E c ee ae Cn >ER> €e> & =O VA = Vg = Ve =D Fi Pieter) , Applicaton of seid AOL T plone Angle. (0), Radon ee aaole= be, meotived in 2-2 “Speeds © salid angie(N) meosuvedin 3-D* & | er) Sf Bae either aN ete # Relation bros ple Aargle sg sodid wpe

Eledr'e field near phe sucface oF conductor: ann ¢ e+ | dA 4 ft? © © pydion be uniform * x Charge dist hudion MY not nt . x ice Sage denSity 2, igen’ bointS ewilt be diferent’ ph GEd8Coke TE Conductor deft in an exfernal Chearrle $7 Ela —_»>__ 7. ——_—_ Se >> a Cext % Gy = > oe #Eyet =O ase eudval conduc” ~ Cosel Conductor Having cavity £—* Jal Excees charge give? But no charge incavig 4 3 under electrostet = ME condition SL Veonductoy = Const” (=) Ejngide =° p28 = din - 44 zs ~ he cavity 7 [blr A point chenge 4 kept inside + lil Tf no chovege given docondudor ~ fZ-d8=° se 2 2 [B24] je. cavity at ev distane old incid elearic fi y from 2 fe addiponal charge ea itl FF also given fo the conductor -#X, Cage Iv: é ew Electrostane Shielding => suppose a conductor nan cerfemal Chivric field hater 8 kg Now), Suppose a pointcharge +2 [4 Kebt ad the centre Of rf i pile +2 ecberience eny force 2 vit Ans-> Tf charge. +4. 18 [ibid inside. conductors pwsit net oF SoS Known ok electro pote. shiclary- only ‘duevo cry Kind offoree» is net efet inside conduday Nill be f point chage Shell eld penis?” cose =» solid conducting sbhexé % Hollows sphexical deaged) gledric fe 7 (untformatly lier pox innde point (

FOY outeide. point [v=Ge)$/ Fos on Surface G=ERDW= erie pornt-(x Icl~ Foy Invide, v Y Wek# Self posentialeneyys of conducting Shell = £3 = a ( a Wleoc# ae ve py & Qe Ba = Be is \f “@) Usystem= oe = Uself = 3 + greek anal) on Oe Um teraction ont (8 ) conduA cold spheres FEuni formally charged WON HS! Electric field CEC) 2 628 “Tar afin duct, dette point point vivre ver Nensde = ft 2 Tngide = VttVe ‘GEC? 4Kbo v +(e E4 Ke YR ua Ventre. 5 (2) &) arto [Ee ER : * FEIC|-> Self pokntal energy > |Userp = 34h h " zone h te Connecty tuo conduct Shells & A 8 6 very fax gt conduct . us d 4 = OX pada ofe0r iad 64Rt = 6-R2.ig clear phot at Sharp edge’ Surface. che, ge ye It YF eneity become RAIA 4 a = OF open = i Wh sexe. - . du ltor becom , upside the cor egy cadre Xy Tf chectric fld ust g av maecule nécry iMS than 3x20°v/m rea dou? Of Ay then sx 20 Wr) 1g comrrd Known “corona ‘yn Of OY mralecuses) Discheyge’ (Tonisahi?” (1 + 8r 443 So ae (set) Rs ig otgumed fo be zero 2. conned by * 8 convention posen tial of 20) * TWo points yichare eavthed CaP be Conduding wire (v= const =o) X The point ov body conneted, +024 Serd dewved charge accordingly charge Jaus pill no¢ Halds é _ . : MA = By eae ag SB FER, can VELIVe oY. conservation) pawgeo” sphewe-=! Vsbhere = Ventre = kB - Kut =o vk Es prduced C +8of Photon 2<70- “then nig conge ker (overly 0xf@ vel) 78 valome (ose) abes ei ae ‘hevok pie, Sal chenge, ofsystern veri const* * Total no- of ions ina universe & const —? Wr , x = AsV pz] esbahocicle hen diblectrié media place, bles charge. phen elecrete, force divedion % bthen medal ts placed Huichange. phen electrics foree become zex0 oe @ Fe x Thanequal foresaveochit fr ma ee Py o 2F angle. 0 =(36) phen Wao] sonal york Hace REO go Nira polygon then foree-on a7 clorge Maced Bo FE at cence of palygor Hen fore y . placed atcentre of polygon 8 2 yest nan unifornd atky tme'p & When jemp- of di BS reall So ila Fete Cah ae ey a Seop 13 Gna b ° » ‘ ym) eRekeose f [ae J x Achange partie. (4 00) hee er 4 Hollow sphere # cere tosusface por come bar €) fur centre foswtace, por caleulale are? 2g vadivs V7 Bonde rer Ar ZHU f HK Displaent current 18 So ee is not a condutton current bus-caused by sfime. Bibeend. VOvI PG electri fieldAIMS, EE SFE Natural, pipale 2+ — " a-cyuitorral axtS° e distance “Y ‘on di'pale ovlge> aed Greg = 7 cosets E alnga. point at oolagen 2 Seng | cosemt > Elevtric Pot: atagen Eno Pp € oe & YS fe Ecos “98 q tL boint bx py. point P ab very lange distance-—> Ws J -L +L we Treo es * At a point 07 dipale oxcr$:— He APA poin+ 0” equitovial ous O =90_»N . ore Dibole ag I'n form of components p0s0 Y —18_» Pino Pe Coke rs + ee 4 ad & bind Electric field due to lal pcoso & =A ere xk — ¥3 Nore > En case ee co-oxdinake system» relation b/n é BV ee casex> Net force $ fer dies ig ae bebe in uniform external ee af paliay eee eel a2) 2 (estina) x aotcase oscillation of Dipole in uniform E> mF oh (stable ere) 2. nd ae Lineay oscillation Angular oscillation T = —PEHNO + OB VED small eno ~% * a * Time pestod = T= ?7 = ¥ * uniform externa field i+ a case > PE of a dipole in x, Electic aibol é ee 2B SL (EMAL = a(t) (H) ae ~CASE Force of interaction byus fodipue > AO ee @ Y= very Sage: w@ Methed@ electric. field of port 4 we, “ — Ca)ee a. 2Pe Se ire yr Fo BCG) = pre NOTE => # — Ove — sign indicate thee Method@- pe of dipole @ kept in elecrie field ot epee Oris given by — 2, Uz -h (fia) force j4, abfrative tm - -du. 2 6PpthR “Pore =F = Ty xe yr cosex > Torque pornpialeneygy (PE) of-Inferaction bil fuso dipales-> Jas = Be Re ~ Tovqueatting on Bh dueto € ekdric jut of Pi BR anes Fh ad distance ¥ 3 & =e eee ot Be Od peo EXE pee SER Ce) Z, at distance 'y’ > & va +B C-D cg eat) me = ft Cpae Bxe eet fh 7p)+ For Cneneral sysiem of. Dipoles inkrackon eneyy lu) 7> a [- == 2 Pr P- Pz pe a Dy ete 3 oF > — ip. pee es a Electric. field ducto Pe ot bint A _ Ep, =-2_- 2P200s6t 7 - 2 And a ten oa 4G es B= i 7 2 Si cas b+h on OT 1g peleased from the + eRe = rf the Shell 1S . pe, ae iid postion show” then pind - krEe MoM Loe “alo tinal A ngulow peda — Shell $ toy pal Pore oe PE ape =r Ib|> Angular speed 0) when ree ae i+ Rotated throtg h = O=30. K= BPE = = 3E8K - ae rig