———e _ CHEMICAL BONDING (BASIC) 1 Introductory Questions 1. The combination of atoms take place so that : (a) They can gain two electrons in the outermost shell (b) They get eight electrons in the outermost shell(©) They acquire stability by lowering of energy (a) They get eighteen electrons in the outermost shell. Pee Xa Le cd 2. NO hasa linear, unsymmetrical structure that may be thought of as a hybrid of two resonance forms. If a resonance form must have a satisfactory Lewis structure, which two of the five structures shown below are the two resonance forms of NO ? * (a) ‘N=N. (b) (¢ N=N—6 (d) ‘(N= 3. Which of the following molecular species/compound is not hypovalent ? (a) CH3 (0) B 2H (©) NHB (@ AIF; 4. N.CO has three possible structures ; ONCN (nitrosyl cyanide), ONNC (nitrosyl isocyanide) NOCN (isonitrosy! cyanide). Which of the following structure has lowest potential energy ? (a) ONCN (b) ONNC (©) NOCN (d) All have same energy 5. Which of the following statement is correct for NO3 ion? (a) Sum of all formal charges = +1 (b) Formal charge on one of the oxygen atom = (©) Formal charge on nitrogen atom = +1 2 (d) Average formal charge on oxygen atom = 46. Which of the following Lewis dot structure of CO, is incorrect ? (b) (© +0. (d) None of these 7. According to Lewis dot structure the number of bond pairs around central atom is greater than four for which of the following anion (a) CO} (b) NO; (© Po} (d) None emda) 8. Solid NaCl is a bad conductor of electricity because : (a) in solid NaCl there are no ions (b) solid NaCl is covalent (©) in solid NaCl there is no mobility of ions (@ in solid NaCl there are no electrons An ionic compound A*B~ is most likely to be formed when : (a) the ionization energy of A high and electron affinity of B is low (b) the ionization energy of A is low and electron affinity of B is high (© both, the ionization energy of A and electron affinity of B are high (d) both, the ionization energy of A and electron affinity of B are low 10. A compound contains three elements A, B and G, if the oxidation of A=+2,B=+5 and C =~2, the possible formula of the compound is : 2 (a) As(B,C)2 (b) As(BC,)2 (©) A2(BC3) 2 (d) ABC, 11. Which pair of atoms form strongest ionic bond? (a) Aland As (b) Aland N (c) Aland Se (d) Aland O12. In which of the following species the bonds are non-directional ? (a) NCI; (b) RbCL (c) BeCl, (d) BCI, 13. A bond formed between two like atoms cannot be : (a) ionic (b) covalent (c) coordinate (d) metallic 14. An electrovalent compound does not exhibit space isomerism because of : (a) Presence of oppositively charged ions _(b) High melting points (©) Non-directional nature of the bond (a) Crystalline nature 15. Two elements A and B have following electronic configuration. A=1s?2s?2p°3s? B=1s72s72p°3s73p* If expected compound formed by A and B is A,B, then sum of x and y is: (2 (o) 3 4 @5 16. The lattice energies of KF, KCI, KBr and KI follow the order : (a) KF > KCI >KBr > KI (b) KI> KBr > KCI > KF (©) KF > KCI> KI> KBr (@) KI>KBr > KF > KCI 17. Which set of compounds in the following pair of ionic compounds has the higher lattice energy?18. 19. 20. 21. 23. (KCl or MgO (ii) LiF or LiBr (iii) Mg 5N 2 or NaCl (a) KCl, LiBr, Mg.N. (b) MgO, LiBr, Mg,N> (©) Mgo, Lik NaCl (d) MgO, LiF, Mg ,N. The incorrect order of lattice energy is : (a) AIF; > MgF, (b) Li,N>Li,0 (©) NaCl > LiF (a) TiC > Sen Which ionic compound has the largest amount of lattice energy? (a) NaF (b) AIF, (© AIN (a) MgF, The order of increasing lattice energy of the following salt is : (a) NaCl < CaO < NaBr < BaO (b) NaBr < NaCl < BaO < CaO (©) NaCl = NaBr < BaO < CaO (@) NaBr < NaCl < CaO < Bao Which combination will give strongest ionic bond ? (a) Na* and Cl~ (b) Mg’ and cl- (©) Na* ando* (d) Mg** and? Among the following isostructural compounds, identify the compound, which has the highest lattice energy : (a) LiF (b) Licl (©) NaCl (d) MgO In which of the following ionic compounds, AH , is negative only due to lattice energy ? (i) NaF (ii) MgO Gili) LigN (iv) NaS (a) Only (iv) () Only (ii), (iv) (©) Only (ii), (iii), (iv) (d) All of these24. Select the correct reason for given statement “Flouride of Al is ionic while chloride of Al is covalent”. (a) IE of Al in AIF, > AICL, (b) EA of Flourine > Chlorine (c) Lattice energy of AIF; > AICI, (@) EA of Flourine < Chlorine (eRe eas) 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Which pair of elements can form multiple bond with itself and oxygen? (a EN (b) N, Cl () N,P (d) N,C Which of the following is a covalent compound? (a) Al05 (b) AIF, (© AlCl, @) Al,($0,)5 Which of the following is an example of super octet molecule? (a) CIF, (b) PCI, (©) IF, (d) All the three Which of the following molecule is theoretically not possible? (a) SF, (b) OF, (©) OF, (d) O2F, ‘The phosphate of a metal has the formula MHPO ,. The formula of its chloride would be : (a) MCI (b) MCL, (© MC, @ M,C, The compound that has the highest ionic character associated with the X — Cl bond is : (a) PCl; (b) BCL, (© CCl, @) Sicl, The bond having the highest bond energy is : (a) C=C (b) C=Ss () C=O (d) P=N Which of the following species is neither hypervalent nor hypovalent ? (a) ClO; (b) BF, (©) so? (d) Co}33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. In which of the following species central atom is NOT surrounded by exactly 8 valence electrons? (a) BF; (b) NCI, (©) PC} (d) SF, Which atom can have more than eight valence electrons when it is forming covalent bonds? (a) H (b) N © F @ a Which bond is expected to be the least polar? (a) O-F (>) PF (©) Si-N (d) BF Which set contains only covalently bonded molecules? (a) BCl;, SiCl,, PCl, (b) NH,Br, NjH,, HBr (O1g,,H,S, Nal (d) Al, O,, As, Which molecule does not exist? (a) OF (b) OF, © SF, @ SF, Which of the following does not contain any coordinate bond ? (a) NH,Cl (b) Na* [BF] (QH,0* (a) coz A: tetracyanomethane B: carbondioxide C: benzene D: 1, 3-butadi-ene Ratio of o and x bonds is in order : (a) A=B Bond formation (B) 2p, +2p,—> o Bond formation (©) 3d, +3d,, —> x-Bond formation (D) 2s +2p, —> x-Bond formation (E) 3d,, +3d,, —> 5-Bond formation (F) 2p, +2p,—> o-Bond formation (a) A,B,C () GF © BE (d) B,C,D Which of the following overlapping is not present in Xe, molecule ? (a) sp? + Py (b) sp? +py © de +Px (d) sp? +s How many sigma bonds are in a molecule of diethyl ether, CH ,OC2H ;? (a) 14 (b) 12 © 8 (d) 16 Which’ combination of orbitals will form x-bond, if internuclear axis is x-axis ? (a) Py + Px (b)d, +d, Odatday. Wd, +d, If d,, orbital of atom A and p, orbital of atom B form x-bond along a particular molecular axis, then which bond will be formed along same molecular axis by combination of (d.,, +d.) orbitals of (A) and (B) atom : (a) o-bond (b) x-bond (© &-bond (d) Can't be predicted Which of the following is correct order of o-bond strength ? () 2s -2s (I) 2s-2p (il) 2p -2p (Vv) 3s-3s @>U>M>V (MS I>I>1IV (@IV>1> I>) MI> I> > IV Which of the following overlaps gives o-bond along x-axis as internuclear axis ? (a) p, and p, (b) sand p, (©)sandp, (@d.o j2andd,» \254. Which of the following orbital combination can not form x-bond ? (a) py +p, sideways overlapping (b) da 2 + py sideways overlapping (©) dy, +dy, sideways overlapping (d) d,, + py sideways overlapping 55. Which of the following overlaps gives o-bond along x-axis as internuclear axis ? (a) p, and p, (b) sand p, (©) sand p, (@) d,s ,2 and d, 56. Which of the following orbital combination can not form x-bond ? (a) p, + py sideways overlapping (b) d_2_,2 + py sideways overlapping (© dy, + dy sideways overlapping (d) d,, + py sideways overlapping AYES Sd Sate) 57. In which of the following species maximum atom can lie in same plane? (a) XeF,0, (b) PCls (© AsH4, (d) XeF, 58. Correct statement regarding molecules SF,, CF, and XeF, are: (a) 2, 0 and 1 lone pairs of central atom respectively (b) 1, 0 and 1 lone pairs of central atom respectively (©) 0, 0 and 2 lone pairs of central atom respectively (d) 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of central atom respectively 59. The geometrical arrangement of orbitals and shape of 1; are respectively (a) trigonal bipyramidal geometry, linear shape (b) hexagonal geometry, T-shape (©) triangular planar geometry, triangular shape (d) tetrahedral geometry, pyramidal shape60. 61. 62. g 65. Which of the following statements is incorrect for PCl;? (a) Its three P—CI bond lengths are equal _(b) It involves sp*d hybridization (©) It has an regular geometry (d) Its shape is trigonal bipyramidal Molecular shapes of SF,,CF, and XeF, are : (a) the same with 2,0 and 1 lone pair of electrons respectively (b) the same, with 1,1 and 1 lone pair of electrons, respectively (©) different, with 0,1 and 2 lone pair of electrons, respectively (qd) different with 1,0 and 2 lone pair of electrons, respectively ‘The structure of the noble gas compound XeF, is : (a), square planar (b) distorted tetrahedral (©) tetrahedral (d) octahedral . The molecule exhibiting maximum number of non-bonding electron pairs (.p.) around the central atom is : (a) XeOF, (b) XeO,F, (©) XeFS (@) XeO, Which is the following pairs of species have identical shapes? (a) NO} andNOz —(b) PCI; and Br; (c) XeF, andICl; —_(d) TeCl, and XeO, The shapes of XeF,,XeF; and SnCl, are : (a) octahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and bent (b) square pyramidal, pentagonal planar and linear (© square planar, pentagonal planar and angular (d) see-saw, T-shaped and linear66. 67. 68. 69. 70. Which is not correctly matched? (a) XeO,—Trigonal bipyramidal (b) CIE,—bent Tshape (c) XeOF,—Square pyramidal (d) XeF,—Linear shape Amongst NOs, AsO} ,CO} ,ClO3 and SO? , the non-planar species are : (a) Co} SOF (b) AsO} ClO; SOF" (©) NO;,CO>- (d) SOF ,NO; ‘The geometry of ammonia molecule can be best described as : (a) Nitrogen at one vertex of a regular tetrahedron, the other three vertices being occupied by three hydrogens (b) Nitrogen at the centre of the tetrahedron, three of the vertices being occupied by three hydrogens (©) Nitrogen at the centre of an equilateral triangle, three corners being occupied by three hydrogens (d) Nitrogen at the junction of aT, three open ends being occupied by three hydrogens Which molecular geometry is least likely to result from/a-trigonal. bipyramidal electron geometry? (a) Trigonal planar (b) See-saw (©) Linear (d) Bent T-shaped Give the correct order of initials T or F for following statements. Use T if statement is true and F if it is false : @® The order of repulsion between different pair of electrons is |, -l, >, -b, > b, —b,71. 72. 73. 74. (1) In general, as the number of lone pair of electrons on central atom increases, value of bond angle from normal bond angle also increases (1)The number of lone pair on O in H,0 is 2 while on N in NH; is 1 (IV) The structures of xenon fluorides and xenon oxyfluorides could not be explained on the basis of VSEPR theory (a) TTTF (b) TFTF (c) TFIT (d) TFFF Which species is planar? (a) Coy (b) so} (©) Clo; (d) BF; What is the geometry of the IBr; ion? (a) Linear (b) Bent shape with bond angle of about 90° (©) Bent shape with bond angle of about 109° (d) Bent shape with bond angle of about 120° What is the shape of the CIF, molecule? (a) Trigonal planar (b) Trigonal pyramidal (©) Fshaped (@) Tetrahedral Which species has the same shape as NH? (a) sof (b) co? (© NO5 (d) so,75. According to VSEPR theory, in which species do alll the atoms lie in the same plane? 1. CHS 2. CH; (a) 1only (b) 2only (©) both Land 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2 76. Which of the following species/molecules does not have same number of bond pairs and lone pairs? (a) OCN~ (b) H,0 (© C.H,Cl, (d) 0, 77. How many sp? and sp-hybridised carbon atoms are present respectively in the following compound ? “aN I H (a) 4, 2 (b) 6, 0 () 3,3 (d),5,1 78. Which one of the following is the correct set with respect to molecule, hybridization and shape? (a) BeCl,, sp”, linear (b) BeCl,, sp’, triangular planar (©) BCL,, sp”, triangular planar (d) BCl,,sp°, tetrahedral79. 80. 81. 82. £ 85. 86. The hybridization of the central atom in ICI? is (a) dsp? (b) sp © sp? (d) sp? The state of hybridization of the central atom is not the same as in the others : (a) B in BF, (b) 0 inH,0* (© NinNH, (d) Pin PCL, The number of sp? — s sigma bonds in benzene are (a) 3 (b) 6 (© 12 (d) none of these ‘The hybridization of the central atom will change when : (a) NH, combines with H* (b) HBO, combines with OH~ (©), NH, forms NH (d) H,0 combines with H* CH, —CH,=-CH=CH, has hybridisation: (a) sp, sp, sp*, sp? (b) sp, sp°, sp?,sp (©) sp*, sp’, sp?, sp? (d) sp*, sp?, sp?, sp What is the state of hybridisation of Xe in cationic part of solid XeF,? (a) sp*d* (b) sp°d? (© sp°d (d) sp® During the complete combustion of methane CH.,, what change in hybridisation does the carbon atom undergo? (a) sp® to sp (b) sp? to sp? (© sp? to sp (d) sp? to sp® The hybridisation of central iodine atom in IF;, 1; and I} are respectively : (a) sp°d?, sp°d, sp* (b) spd, sp°d, sp? (c) sp°d?, sp°d?, sp? (d)sp°d, sp*d?, sp*87. 89. 91. In which of the following combination hybridisation of central atom (*) does not change? (a) H,0+CO, (b) H;BO;+OH~ (©) BF; +NH (d) None of these Which of the following species used both axial set of d-orbitals in hybridisation of central atom? (a) PBry (b) Pcl; (c) IC, (d) None of these Which bonds are formed by a carbon atom with sp?-hybridisation? (a) 4z-bonds (b) 2z-bonds and 20-bonds (©) 1n-bonds and 30-bonds (d) 40-bonds What are the hybridisation of the carbon atoms labeled C, and C., respectively in glycine? CQ Cy (a) sp? sp? } ; t (b) sp? sp H—N—C—C—o—H 3 2 2 © sp sp t (d) sp® sp® ‘The H—O—H bond angles in H,0* are approximately 107°. The orbitals used by oxygen in these bonds are best described as : (a) porbitals (b) sp-hybrid orbitals (©) sp?-hybrid orbital (d) sp°-hybrid orbitalMolecular Geometry/Shape 92. Among given species identify the isostructural pairs : (a) [NF,and BF3]_—(b) [BF;and NH] (©) [BCl,andBrCl,] _ (d) [NH and NO3] 93. 0.01 mole of H,PO, is completely neutralised by 0.56 gram of KOH hence : (a) x=3 and given acid is dibasic (b) x =2 and given acid is monobasic (©) x=3 and given acid is monobasic @ and given acid forms three series of salt 94. Phosphorus pentachloride in the solid exists as : (a) PCl, (b) PClZcl> (c) PCLZPCly (d) PCl,-Cl, 95. The ratio of c-bond and x-bond in tetracyano ethylene is : (a) 2:1 (b) 1:1 (©) 1:2 (d) None of these 96. Bonds present in N ,O,, (nitrogen pentaoxide) are : (a) only ionic (b) only covalent (c) covalent and co-ordinate (@) covalent and ionic 97. The pair of species with similar shape is : (a) PCl,,NH3 (b) CF,,SF, (©) PbCl,,CO, (d) PFs, IPs 98. Which of the following statements is correct in the context of the allene molecule, CH ,? (a) The central carbon is sp hybridized (b) The terminal carbon atoms are sp? hybridized(c) The planes containing the CH, groups are mutually perpendicular to permit the formations two separate x-bonds (d) All are correct 99. Number of S—$ bond is H,$,0. : (a)n (b) (2-1) (©) (n-2) @) m+) 100. How many $ — $ bonds, $ — 0 — Sbonds, o-bonds, a-bonds are present in trimer of sulphur trioxide? {a) 0, 3, 16, 2 (b) 0, 3, 12,6 (© 0, 6, 12, 16 (@) 0, 4, 12,6 101. Number of identical C@r—O bonds in dichromate ion Cr,07 is : @4 (b) 6 7 @s8 102. The nodal plane in the x-bond of ethene is located in : (a) the molecular plane (b) a plane parallel to the molecular plane (©) a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which bisects the carbon-carbon ¢ bond at right angle (@) a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which contains the carbon-carbon bond 103. Which of the following are isoelectronic and isostructural? NO3, CO}, ClO;, SO; (a) NO3,co> (b) SO,,NO3 (© Clo;,co> (@) CO}, Clo; 104. In the electronic structure of HSO 4, the total number of unshared electrons is : (a) 20 (b) 16 © 12 @s8105. Which of the following xenon compound has the same number of lone pairs as in 15? (a) XeO, (b) XeF, (© XeF, (d) Xe0, 106. The shape of XeF} is : (a) Trigonal planar (b) Pyramidal (c) Bent T-shape (d) See-saw 107. Which of the following shape are not possible for possible value of 'n' in XeF,, molecule ? (a) Linear (b) Square planar (©) Trigonal planar (d) Capped octahedral 108. BeCl, is not isostructural with : (a) ICl5 (b) CHa (©) Xe, (d) Gecl, 109. Which statement is true about the most stable Lewis structure for CS,? (a) There are no lone pairs in molecule (b) All bonds are double bonds (c) The central atom does not have an octet of electrons (d) A sulfur atom must be the central atom for the structure to be stable 110. SbF, reacts with XeF, and XeF, to form ionic compounds [XeF} ][SbF; ] and [XeF? ][SbF¢ ] then molecular shape of [XeF}] ion and [XeF ] ion respectively : (a) Square pyramidal, T-shaped (b) Bent-Fshape, square pyramidal (©) See-saw, square pyramidal (d) Square pyramidal, see-saw111. BF, and NF; both are covalent compounds but NF, is polar whereas BF, is non-polar. This is because : (a) Nitrogen atom is smaller than boron atom (b) N—F bond is more polar than B —F bond (©) NF, is pyramidal whereas BF, is planar triangular (d) BF, is electron deficient whereas NF, is not 112. Dipole moment of NF, is smaller than : (a) NH, (b) CO, (©) BF, (d@) ccl, 113. Which of the following molecules will have polar bonds but zero dipole moment? (a) 02 (b) CHC, (©) CF, (d) none of these 114, Which has maximum dipole moment? cl a a cal cl a «a cl @) ) © Lo @ a a a 115. Which of the following compound is planar and non-polar ? (a) XeO, (b) SF, (c) XeF, (d) CF,116. H,0 has a net dipole moment while BeF, has zero dipole moment because : (a) F is more electronegativity than oxygen (b) Be is more electronegativity than oxygen (©) HO molecule is linear and BeF, is bent (d) BeF, molecule is linear and H,0 is bent 117. Correct set of species with zero dipole moment is : (i) CO, (i) COC, (ii) CHCl, (iv) BCL (a) (i) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (iv) (©) (iii) and (iv) (d) G@), Gi) and (iv) 118. Which pair of molecules are polar species? (a) CO, and H,O (b) BF, and PCI, (©) SO, and SCl, (d) CS and SO, 119. In which molecule does the chlorine atom has positive partial charge? (a) HCl (b) BrCl (©) oc, (@) scl, Ee ia) 120. Least stable hydride is : (a) stannane (b) silane (©) plumbane (a) germane 121. The lowest O — O bond length in the following molecule is : @ 0O,F, (b) O, (©) H,0, (d) Og122. Which one of the following compounds has the smallest bond angle? (a) OH, (b) SH, (c) NH, (d) sO, 123. Maximum bond angle is present in : (a) BBr, (b) BCI, (©) BE; (a) none of these 124, The correct order of H —M — H bonds angle is : (a) NH, < PH, < SbH, < BiH, (b) AsH, < SbH, < PH, < NH, (©) NH, < PH, < BiH, < SbH, (d) BiH, < SbH, < AsH, < PH, 125. The correct increasing order of adjacent bond angle among BF, PF; and CIF : (a) BF, NH, >NH} (b) NH} >NH, >NH> (©) NH, >NH; >NHj (d) NHj>NHj >NH3 128. The H—C—H bond angle in CH , is 109.5°, due to lone pair repulsion, the H—O—H angle in H,0 will : (a) remain the same (b) increase (©) decrease (d) become 180° 129. The molecule having the largest bond angle is : (a) H,0 (b) H,S (©) H,Se (d) H,Te130. The compound MX, is tetrahedral. The number of 2 XMX angles in the compound is : (a) three (b) four (c) five (d) six 131. The "0 —N — 0" bond angle is maximum in : (a) N,O (b) NO} (© NO; (a) NO3 132. Which of the following is the correct order for increasing bond angle ? (a) NH, @ @s# CAD 134, Which is distilled first? (a) Liquid Hy (b) Liquid Co, (©) Liquid 0, (@) Liquid N, 135, The molecular size of IC and Br, is approximately same, but b.p. if ICI is about 40°C higher than that of Br. It is because : (a) ICI bond is stronger than Br—Br bond —_(b) IE of iodine < IE of bromine (0) ICL is polar while Br, is nonpolar (d) Thas larger size than Br136. Which of the following order of molecular force of attraction among given species is incorrect? (a) HI>HBr > Cl, (b) CH,Cl> CCl, > CH, (c) n-pentane > isopentane > neo-pentane (d) OH, > O(CHs), > OBr, 137. Which gas should not be collected over water because of its high solubility in water? (a) Hy (b) Nz (©) CH, @ HCl 138. Low melting point is expected for a solid : (a) Ionic solid (b) Metallic solid (©) Molecular solid (a) Covalent solid 139. Which substance has the strongest London dispersion forces? (a) SiH, (b) CH, (©) SnH, (d) Gel, 140. Which of the following compounds has the lowest boiling point? (a) HF (b) HCl (©) HBr (d) HL 141. When the substances Si, KCI, CH ,OH and C,H, are arranged in order of increasing melting point, what is the correct order? (a) Si, KCl, CH,OH, C,H, (b) CH,OH, C,H, Si, KC] (©) KCl, Si, C;H,, CH;OH (4) C3H@) CH3OH, KCl, Si 142. Which substance has the highest melting point? (a) CO (b) CO, (©) SiO, (d) P,OjZe [xeY= a sa 143. The correct order of boiling point is : OH OH OH cr Cc oO oO ay (aq) (@1>i> ml (b) > >I (@uU>1>m @ W>1>0 144, Which of the following is not true about H,0 molecule? (a) The molecule has 1 =0 (b) The molecule can act as a base (©) Shows abnormally high boiling point in comparison to the hydrides of other elements of oxygen group (d) The molecule has a bent shape 145. The boiling points at atmospheric pressure of HF, HS, NH, can be arranged in the following order : (a) HF > NH, >H,S (b) HF > H,S>NH3 (©) HF H,0, >HF >H,S (b) HF >H,O, >H,O>H,S (Q) HF >H,0 >H,S>H,0, (d) HF>H,0>H,0, >H,S147. Which compound does not have electrovalent, covalent, co-ordinate as well as hydrogen bond? (a) [Cu(H,0) ,]80, -H,0 (b) [Zn(H,0),]SO, -H,0 (©) [Fe(H,0),]SO, -H,0 (@) [Fe(H,0) ,]Cl, 148. Which statement is correct? (a) mp. of H,0,NH, are maximum in their respective group due to intermolecular H-bonding (b) b.p. of CH, out of CH, , SiH, ,GeH , and SnH., is least due to weak intermolecular force of attraction (©) formic acid forms dimer by H-bonding (@) all are correct 149. Which of the following molectiles are expected to exhibit intermolecular H-bonding? () Acetic acid (1) o-nitrophenol (III) m-nitrophenol _ (IV) o-boric acid Select correct alternate : (@) 1, 1, (b) 1, 1, IV (© 1, ILIV @) 1, 11, 1V 150. Which of the following compounds can form H-bonding with each other ? (a) CH,COOH and H,0 (b) Phenol and CH, (©) CHF, and acetone (d) PH, and HFETITH2 1. The ionic bonds X*Y~ are formed when : (D electron affinity of Y is high (U) ionization energy of X is low (UD lattice energy of XY is high (IV) lattice energy of XY is low Choose the correct code : (a) Land 1 (b) Land (© 1, Wand It @ All 2. In the Born-Haber cycle for the formation of solid common salt (NaCl), the largest contribution comes from: (a) the low ionization potential of Na (b) the high electron affinity of Cl (©) the low AH,,, of Na(s) (a) the lattice energy 3. Incorrect statement is : vap (a) MgO>AIF,;>MgF, _ : Lattice energy (b) Li>Na> Al>Mg : Electron affinity (© SF, > PFs > SiF, : Lewis acidic character (@ SiCl, >SiBr, >Sil, : Decreasing order of electronegativity of SiValence Bond Theo! 4. » ” If two different non-axial d-orbitals having ‘xz’ nodal plane form a-bond by overlapping each other, then internuclear axis will be : (a)x wy ©z (d) They don’t form x-bond Assuming pure 2s and 2p orbitals of carbon are used in forming CH, molecule, which of the following statement is false? (a) Three C—H bonds will be at right angle (b) One C—H bond will be weaker than other three C—H bonds (©) The shape of molecule will be tetrahedral (d) The angle of C—H bond formed by s-s overlapping will be uncertain with respect to other three bonds. ‘The strength of bonds formed by 2s-2s,2p-2p and 2p ~2s overlap has the order : (a) s-s> p-p> p-s (b) s-s> p-s> p-p (c) p-p> p-s>s-s (d) p-p>s-s> p-s Which of the following statements is incorrect for sigma and r-bonds formed between two carbon atoms? (a) Sigma-bond is stronger than a x-bond (b) Bond energies of sigma and x-bonds are of the order of 264 kJ/mol and 347 kJ/mol © Free rotation of surrounding atoms about a sigma-bond is allowed but not in case of a x-bon (d) Sigma-bond determines the direction between carbon atoms but a x-bond has no primary effect in this regard8. Assuming the bond direction to the z-axis, which of the overlapping of atomic orbitals of two atom (A) and (B) will result in bonding? (D s-orbital of A and p,-orbital of B (I) s-orbital of A and p, orbital of B (IN) p,-orbital of A and p, orbital of B (IV) s-orbital of both (A) and (B) (a) Land IV (b) Land I (© Mand Iv (d) Mand IV 9. Which of the following orbital can not form x as well as 6-Bond ? (a) dy, (b) d, © da. @ dy, 10. Which of the following statement is correct about 1} and 1; molecular ions ? (a) Number of lone pairs at central atoms are same in both molecular ions (b) Hybridization of central atoms in both ions are same (©) Both are polar species (d) Both are planar species 11, In which of the following molecular shape d_-orbital must not be involved in bonding ? (a) Pentagonal planar (b) Trigonal planar —(c) Linear (@) Square planar12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. The correct statement regarding SO, molecule is: (a) two pr- dx bonds (b) molecule has 2 lone pair, 20 bonds and 2x bonds (© two pr - px bonds (A) one pr - px and one px- dn bond A molecule XY, contains two o, two x-bonds and one lone pair of electron in the valence shell of X. The arrangement of lone pair as well as bond pairs is : (a) square pyramidal (b) linear (©) trigonal planar (d)_unpredictable In which of the following pairs, both the species have the same hybridisation ? (D SE, ,XeF, (IU) 15 ,XeF, (UD) ICI} ,SiCl, (iv) clo; Po} (a 1,0 (b) UI, WI (c) , IV @ 1, u, Which of the following possess two lone pair of electrons on the central atom and square planar in shape ? () SE, (Il) XeOy (I) XeF, ay) Icy (a) 1, I (b) HL, IV (© u,v (@) All Select pair of compounds in which both have different hybridization but have same molecular shape : (a) BF, BrF, (b) ICI? ,Becl, (©) BCly,PCl, (d) PCls,NCls The species having no px —px bond but has bond order equal to that of 02 : (a) Clo5 (b) PO} (©) soe (d) XeO,18. Choose the correct code of characteristics for the given order of hybrid orbitals of same atom, sp CH,OH (b) CH NH, (©) H;PO, >Me PO, (d) CH3N3>HN3Molecular Forces 29. 30. 31. The incorrect order of boiling point is : (a) H,0 > CH,OH (b) CH NH, MePO, (d) CH5N,>HN, Iodine molecules are held in the solid lattice by . (a) London forces (b) dipole-dipole interactions (©) covalent bonds (@) coulombic force Carbon dioxide is gas, while SiO, is solid because : (a) CO, is a linear molecule, while SiO, is angular (b) van der Waals' forces are very strong in SiO, (©) CO, is covalent, while SiO, is ionic (d) Si cannot form stable bonds with O, hence Si has to form a 3D lattice3 PASSAGE 1) | ™ 7 According to VSEPR model, molecules adopt geometries in which their valence electron pairs position themselves as far from each other as possible. The VSEPR model considers double and triple bonds to have slightly greater repulsive effects than single bonds because of the repulsive effect of x-electrons. However the lone pair creates the maximum repulsive effect. Which of the following statement is false ? (a) SbF; and SF, are isostructural (b) In IOF, the hybridization of central atom is sp*d? (©) Double bond(s) in SOF, and XeO,F,, is/are occupying equatorial position(s) of their respective geometry (d) None of these Which of the following does not represent the isostructural pair? (a) SF; and IFs (b) ClO,F, and SOF, (c) SeF} and XeO, — (d) None8. Sélect the incorrect statement with respect to SO ,Cl, molecule : (a) It gives H SO, and HCI on hydrolysis at room temperature (b) It has two dx-px bonds between $ and O bonded atoms (0) It isa polar molecule (a) None PASSE = 2 J According to VBT any covalent bond will be formed by overlapping of atomic orbitals of bonded atoms provided atomic orbitals must be half-filled and electrons be in opposite spin. According to type of overlapping covalent bonds can be classified as (a) o-bond (b) x-bond (©) 8 -bond: 1. Which of the following set of orbitals does not produce nodal plane in xz-plane ? (@) d,, +dy. (b) dy Pd, © py +dy (@) None of these 2. The combination of orbital that ean not produce non-bonding molecular orbital is (inter- nuclear axis is z-axis): (@) py +d,2,2 (b) p, +4, ©@std, (@ dy +d 3. If F,C, =C, part of F,C, =C, =C, =C,F, lies in ye-plane, then incorrect statement is : (a) Nodal plane of x-bond between C, and C, lies in yeplane, formed by sideways overlapping of p, -orbitals (b) Nodal plane of x-bond between C, and C; lies in xz-plane, formed by sideways overlapping of p, -orbitals(c) Nodal plane of x-bond between C, and C, lies in yz-plane, formed by sideways overlapping of p, -orbitals (d) Nodal plane of x-bond between C, and C, lies in xy-plane, formed by sideways orbitals overlapping of ol If the central atom is of third row or below this in the periodic table, then lone pair will occupy a stereochemically inactive s-orbital and bonding will be through almost pure p-orbitals and bond angles are nearly 90°, if the substituent's electronegativity value is < 2.5. . In which of the following option, covalent bond is having maximum s% character? (a) S—H bond in HS (b) P —H bond in PH, (©) N—H bond in NH, (qd) Alll have equal s% character . Select incorrect statement regarding P, molecule. (a) Each P atom is joined with three P-atoms (b) P, molecule contains total 12 bond angles (c) Lone pair of each P atom is present in almost pure s-orbital (d) Lone pair of each P atom present in hybrid orbital The hybridisation of atomic orbitals of central atom “Xe” in XeO,, XeO,F, and XeOF, respectively. (a) sp®,sp°d?,sp*d? (b) sp°d, sp°d, sp*d* (©) sp®,sp°d?,sp°d (d) sp®,sp°d, spd?PasscE = 4) According to VB.T., atoms of element form bond only to pair up their unpaired electrons present in ground state or excited state. This pairing of unpaired electron will take place by overlapping of orbitals each one having one unpaired electron with opposite spin. 1. Which of the following orbital combination does not form n-bond? (a) p, +P, sideways overlapping () d,s ja +P, sideways overlapping (©) dy +d, sideways overlapping (d) d,, +p, sideways overlapping 2. Which of the following orbital cannot form é-bond? (a) d_» 2 orbital (b) d,, orbital (© ds orbital (d) d., orbital Which of the following combination of orbitals does not from any type of covalent bond (if z- axis is molecular axis)? (a) p. +P: (b) Py +Py (© s+py @s¥s i”Passage = 55 The space model which is obtained by joining the points representing various bonded atoms gives the shape of the molecule. The geometry of the molecule is definite relative arrangement of the bonded atoms in a molecule. The shape and geometry of a molecule is explained by valence shell electron pair repulsion theory given by Gillespie and Nyholm. Select the correct code for the following repulsion orders, according to VSEPR theory : () lone pair-lone pair > lone pair-bond pair () Ione pair-bond pair > bond pair-bond pair (11) Ione pair-lone pair > bond pair-bond pair (AV) lone pair-bond pair > lone pair-lone pair (@) U8 (b) W&IV OLNaV (@ All Which molecule has both shape and geometry identical? (@) SnCl, (dD NH; (ID Pcl; (IV) SF, (a) 1, I & IV (b) 1, M1 & IV (@ ma (@ All . Which is not the electron geometry of covalent molecules? (a) Pentagonal bipyramidal (b) Octahedral (©) Hexagonal (d) TetrahedralPASSAGE 6 2. When hybridisation involving dorbitals are considered then all the five c-orbitals are not degenerate, rather d,2_,2,d,2 and dy, d,., dex form two different sets of orbitals and orbitals of appropriate set is involved in the hybridisation. In sp*d? hybridisation, which sets of d-orbitals is involved ? (@) ds jade (b) dad, © dy .dy. @ do jade In sp*d° hybridisation, which orbitals are involved? (D) dy dye dex Cd) di2,dy. dix Molecule having trigonal bipyramidal geometry and spd hybridisation, d-orbitals involved is: (a) dy (b) dy. Od. 2 @ ds Which of the following orbitals can not undergo hybridisation amongst themselves. (@ 3d,4s aD 34,4 (III) 34, 4s& 4p (IV) 35,3p& 4s (a) only (b) 1 & (©) L1&IV (d) W&IV3. _ Ionic bond is defined as the electrostatic force of attraction holding the oppositely charged ions. Ionic compounds are mostly crystalline solid having high melting and boiling points, electrical conductivity in molten state, solubility in water etc. Covalent bond is defined as the force which binds atoms of same or different elements by mutual sharing of electrons in a covalent bond. Covalent compounds are solids, liquids or gases. They have low melting and boiling points compounds. They are more soluble in non-polar solvents. « The valence electrons are involved in formation of covalent bonds is/are called : (a)-non-bonding electrons (b) lone pairs (©) unshared pairs (d) none of these . The amount of energy released when one mole of ionic solid is formed by packing of gaseous ion is called : (a) Ionisation energy (b) Solvation energy (©) Lattice energy (d) Hydration energy Which of the following is arranged order of increasing boiling point ? (a) H,0p-p>p-s (b) s-s>p-s>p-p (c) p-p>p-s>s-s (d) p-p>s-s>p-s PASSAGE 10) | According to VBT the extent of overlapping depends upon types of orbitals involved in overlapping and nature of overlapping. More will be the overlapping and the bond energy will also be high. 1. The incorrect order of bond dissociation energy will be : (a) H—H>Cl—Cl>Br—Br (b) si—si>P—P>cl—Ccl (Q C—C>N—N>0—0 (d) H—CI>H—Br>H—I 2. Which of the following combination of orbitals does not form covalent bond (x-axis is inter nuclear axis) : () py +Py @) dy +dy3. Which of the following compound does not form px — px bond ? (a) SO, (b) NOS (©) SOF (d) CO PASSAGE 11)” Consider the following elements with their period number and valence electrons. Elements Period number Total valence e~ P 2 4 Q 2 6 R 3 7 s 3 3 T 3 6 u 3 4 According to the given informations, answer the following questions : 1. Choose incorrect statement : (a) R exhibits maximum covalency among all elements given (b) Q does not exhibit variable covalency (© Rexhibits minimum covalency among all elements given (d) Rand S combine each other and form SR; type of compound2. Choose the correct statement : (a) Q has maximum value of electron affinity (b) R has maximum value of electronegativity (©) Shas maximum atomic size (d) T and U are same group elements 3. Choose the incorrect statement : (a) SR, is a hypovalent compound (b) UR, can act as a Lewis acid (©) PQ, can not acts as Lewis acid (d) UR, > SR, : Lewis acidic character ASSAGE 12) | Hybridisation involves the mixing of orbitals having comparable energies of same atom. Hybridised orbitals perform efficient overlapping than overlapping by pure s, p or dorbitals. 1. Which of the following is not correctly match between given species and type of overlapping ? (a) XeO,: Three (dr — px) bonds (b) H_,SO,: Two (dx ~ pz) bonds (©) SO: Three (dx ~ px) bonds (d) HCIO,: Three (dx ~ px) bonds 2. Consider the following compounds and select the incorrect statement from the following :NH,, PH, H,S, SO,, SO,, BF, PCly, IF,, Py, Hy (a) Six molecules out of given compounds involves hybridisation (b) Three molecules are hypervalent compounds (©) Six molecules out of above compounds are non-planar in structure (@ Two molecules out of given compounds involves (dx ~ px) bonding as well as also involves (px — pr) bonding ASSAGE 13) | Lattice energy is the amount of energy release when one mole of ionic solid is formed from its constitutent gaseous cations and anions. Hydration energy is the amount of energy release when one mole of gaseous cation or one mole of gaseous anion is completely hydrated. 1. Consider the following conversion and calculate the net energy change for the following conversion : NaCl(s) +0 —> Na’ (aq) + Cl-(aq) Given: LE of NaCl=xkJ/mol HE of Na‘ = yki/mol HE of Cl- =2kJ/mol (a) (x= y +2) kJ/mol (b) (ex + y +2) ky/mol (©) (x- y-2)kJ/mol (d) (x + y +z) kJ/mol2. Select the correct order (a) NaN > Mg,N, > AIN (Lattice energy) (b) Na‘ (g) Na* (aq) > K* (aq) (Hydrated ion radius) (d) F (aq) > Cl (aq) > (aq) (lonic mobility) ssace 14) 7) It is cleared from the Kossel and Lewis approach that the formation of an ionic compound would primarily depends upon the ease of formation of the positive and negative ions from the respective neutral atoms. Conditions for the formation of ionic compounds are : (i) Electronegativity difference between two combining elements must be larger. Gi) Ionization enthalpy [(M(g) > M* (g) + e~)] of electropositive element must be low. (iii) Negative value of electron gain enthalpy [(X(g) +e” > X~(g))] of electronegative element should be high. (iv) Lattice enthalpy [(M* (g) + X~(g)—> MX(s))] of an ionic solid must be high. 1, Select the correct reason for given statement “Flouride of Al is ionic while chloride of Al is covalent”. (a) IE of Al in AIF, > AICI, (b) EA of Flourine > Chlorine (c) Lattice energy of AIF, > AICI, (@) EA of Flourine < Chlorine2. Which of the following is ionic compound ? (a) (NH4),S0, (b) HCN (©) All, (d) HBr PASSAGE 15) ACI, is trigonal pyramidal and DCI, is trigonal planar compound, when these two compounds ACI, and DCI, are mixed together then a compound ADC, is formed. Structural analysis showed that ADCl, is an ionic compound, now answer the following with respect to given conditions. 1. If anion has see-saw shape then shape of cation formed is : (a) linear (b) bent (©) pentagonal bipyramidal (d) trigonal planar 2. If shape of anion is tetrahedral then shape of cation formed is : (a) tetrahedral (b) bent (© linear (d) trigonal planar__ ONE OR MORE ANSWERS IS/ARE CORRECT 3. > 1. In which of the following there is intermolecular hydrogen bonding? (a) Water (b) Ethanol (c) Acetic acid (d) H—F 2. Correct order of decreasing boiling points is : (a) HF > HI> HBr > HCL (b) HO >H,Te > HSe > HS (©) Br2 >Cl, > Fy (d) CH, >GeH, > SiH, In which species the hybrid state of central atom is/are sp°d ? (a) 15> (b) SF, (©) PFS (@) IFS Select correct statement(s) is/are : (a) In AsH, molecule lone pair at central atom is present in almost pure s-orbital (b) Number of px ~ dx bond in SO, and SO, are same (c) NF; is better Lewis base than NCI, (d) Stable oxidation state of Lead is +2 - Which of the following species does/do not exist? 5. (@) OF, (b) NH3 () NCI, (@ 1cl>-Which of the following species is/are superoctet molecule? (a) AIF (b) SiC, (©) XeF, @ Ic, » Which of the following statements is incorrect ? (a) Ao-bond is weaker than a x-bond (b) There are four co-ordinate bonds in the NH} ions (©) The covalent bond is directional in nature (d) HF is less polar than HCl Which of the following species is/are capable of forming a coordinate bond with BF;? (a) PH; (b) NH3 (© OH” (d) Mg* Ionic compounds in general do not possess : (a) high melting points and non-directional bonds (b) high melting points and low-boiling points (©) directional bonds and low-boiling points (d) high solubilities in polar and non-polar solvents Correct stability order of metal cation is/are : (a) Pb® NO; >NO; is the correct order of bond angle as well as N—O bond order (©) NF, HCl > HBr > Hl is the correct order of dipole moment as well as boiling point p,-orbital can not form -bond by lateral overlap with : (a) d,_-orbital (b) d,2_j2-orbital (©) d,,-orbital (@) p.-orbital Which of the following orbital(s) cannot form 3 -bond ? (a) d,»_,2-orbital () dy -orbital (©) d.,-orbital (@) p,-orbital Select correct statement(s) regarding o and n-bonds: (a) o-bond lies on the line joining the nuclei of bonded atoms (b) -electron cloud lies on either side to the line joining the nuclei of bonded atoms (©) (2p, —3d,) a-bond is stronger than (2p, —3p,) x-bond. (d) o-bond has primary effect to decide direction of covalent bond, while x -bond has no primary effect in direction of bond21. 22. 23. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (a) All carbon to carbon bonds contain a sigma bond and one or more x-bonds (b) All. carbon to carbon bonds are sigma bonds (©) All oxygen to hydrogen bonds are hydrogen bonds (d) All carbon to hydrogen bonds are sigma bonds Consider the following three orbitals : my - z, a x fo =e (i) Gi) (iii) Correct statement(s) regarding given information is/are : (a) Orbitals (i) and (ii) can never form any type of covalent bond (b) If internuclear axis is'x’, then combination of (ii) and (iii) orbitals can form x-bond (©) Orbital (iii) can form 8-bond with other orbital having same orientation of lobes (@) If internuclear axis is'x’, then combination of (i) and (iii) orbitals can form x-bond Which of the following combination of orbitals do/does not form bond (if x-axis is internuclear axis) ? (a) s+p, (b) s+s © pz +Px @) dy + Py24. 25. 26. 27. Consider the following atomic orbitals : Zz Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding given orbital ? (a) Itis a gerade atomic orbital (b) Ithas zero nodal plane (©) Gircular electron density is present in'XY' plane (a) Opposite lobes of orbital have same sign of wave function (y) Select correct order for A(g) and B(g) where salt AB(s) = A* B~ is most ionic : (a) Ionization energy of A (S) Square planarColumn (A) Ich; (8B) BrF} (C) CIFZ @) alcl; Solum (A) Re,Cl}- (B) NO; (© soy (>) so, (A) 1.0 to 1.30 (B) 1.31 to 1.55 (©) 1.56 to 1.70 (@) 1.71 t0 2.0 (P) Linear (Q) Pyramidal (R) Tetrahedral (S) Square planar (P) px —pr bonding (Q) px—dz bonding (R) dx —dr bonding (S) 6-bonding (P) NO; (Q) clo; (R) PO} (S) Clos (1) soy(B) cl; (©) SOF, (D) Xeor, (P) All three p-orbitals_ used in hybridisation (Q) Tetrahedral shape (R) Axial d-orbital with two nodal cones used in hybridisation (S) All bond lengths are identical (T) px—dz bond(s) present (P) Linear (Q Angular (R) Polar (S) Non-polar (T) Planar5 o-bond (C) 6-bond (D)_Non-bonding ©) 4, +p,,() @ s+px,) (R) d,, +d. (S) s+s, (2) ) st+dy,(y) 2 Columns Column (A) XeFs (B) PBr; (©) 10F, (©) NH; (P) dorbital with zero nodal plane is used in hybridisation (Q) Non-axial d-orbital is used in insticitioass (R) Planar species (S) Non-planar species (1) Bond angle 109°28' or less than 109°28'J ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS 5. These questions consist of two statements each, printed as assertion and reason, while answering these questions you are required to choose any one of the following responses. (A) If assertion is true but the reason is false (B) If assertion is false but reason is true (C) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion (D) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion Assertion : Reason : Assertion Reason Assertion Reason Assertion Reason. Assertion Reason Multiple bond between two bonded atoms can have more than three bonds. Multiple bond between two bonded atoms can not have more than two x-bonds. : 2" period elements do not involve in excitation of electron. : 2" period elements do not have vacant 2d-orbitals. : In SO, molecule bond dissociation energy of all SO bonds are not equivalent. : SO, molecule is having two types of (2px ~3pz) and (2px -3dz) pi-bonds. : PH ion is having tetrahedron geometry. : P-atom is unhybridised in PH} ion. : All diatomic molecules with polar bond have dipole moment. Dipole moment is a vector quantity.10. 11. 12. Assertion + Water is a good solvent for ionic compounds but poor for covalent compounds. Reason: Hydration energy of ions releases sufficient energy to overcome lattice energy and break hydrogen bonds in water while covalent compounds interact so weakly that even van der Waals’ forces between molecules of covalent compounds cannot be broken. Assertion : Xe-atom in XeF, assumes sp-hybrid state. Reason: XeF, molecule does not follow octet rule. Assertion : The atoms in a covalent molecule are said to share electrons, yet some covalent molecules are polar. Reason in polar covalent molecule, the shared electrons spend more time on the average near one of the atoms. Assertion : CCl, is a non-polar molecule. Reason —: CCl, has polar bonds. Assertion : Geometry of ICI, is tetrahedral. Reason __: Its shape is T-shape, due to the presence of two lone pairs. Assertion : The covalency of carbon is four in excited state. Reason — : The four half-filled pure orbitals of carbon form same kind of bonds with an atom as those are with hybridised orbitals. Assertion : The shape of XeF, is square-planar, Reason — : In an octahedral geometry, a single lone pair can occupy any position but a second lone pair will occupy the opposite position to the first lone pair.__ SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS 1. Consider following compounds A to E : (A) XeF,, (B) XeFf 41) (©) XeFG, .1) (D) XeF i.) (E) XeFGr. 4)» If value of n is 4, then calculate value of “p +q” here, ‘p’ is total number of bond pair and ‘q’is total number of lone pair on central atoms of compounds (A) to (E). Consider the following species and find out total number of species which are polar and can act as Lewis acid CCl, CO, $02, AICI;, HCHO, $05, SiCl,, BCl,, CF, 3. Consider the following table regarding interhalogen compounds, XY, (where Y is more electronegative than X) 2. Value of n for respective | Total number of d-orbitals used | Polarity | Planarity interhalogen compound | in hybridization of central atom P, 1 Polar Planar P, Q Polar _ | Non-Planar Ps Q Non-Polar | Non-Planar10. 11. 12. 13. P, —P, ‘Then\@bcofding to given information calculate value of expression P, x 73-1), (@ +a.) What is covalency of chlorine atom in second excited state? Sum of o and z-bonds in NHj cation is . Calculate the value of X —-Y, for XeOF,. (X= Number of o bond pair and Y= Number of lone pair on central atom) The molecule ML , is planar with 6 electron pairs around M in the valence shell. The value of x is: Calculate value of wane here X is O—N—O bond angle in NO3 ¥ isO—N—O bond angle in NO} and Z is F—Xe—F adjacent bond angle in XeF, Calculate x + y +2 for HPO, acid, where x is no. of lone pairs, y is no. of « bonds and z is no. of x bonds. How many right angle, bond angles are present in'TeF; molecular ion? How may possible 2 FSeF bond angles are present in SeF, molecule? In IF and TeF; , sum of axial d-orbitals which are used in hybridisation in both species. Among the following, total no. of planar species is: @ SF, (ii) BrF, (iii) XeF, (iv) IF;(v) SbF; (vi) SF5 (vii) SeF} (viii) CH 3, (ix) PCL; 14. Calculate the value of “x + y-2" here x,y and z are total number of non-bonded electron pair(s), pie(n) bond(s) and sigma(a) bonds in hydrogen phosphite ion respectively. 15. Consider the following table Total number of electron pairs Total number of Shape (Lp. +0-bond) lone pairs z B. linear 1 see-saw 4 Bent shape 2 Square planar 5 - Bent ‘T’ shape Then calculate value of “p+q+r-s-t”. 16. In phosphorus acid, if X is number of non bonding electron pairs. Y is number of «-bonds and Z is number of x-bonds. Then, calculate value of “Y xZ-X”. 17. Calculate the number of p, —d, bond(s) present in SOF : 18. Sum of o & x-bonds in NH} cation is19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Consider the following orbitals : @ 3p, (ii) 4d_y ii) 3d. (iv) 3d, Then calculate value of 'x + y~2' here x is total number of gerade orbital and y is total number of ungerade orbitals and z is total number of axial orbital in given above orbitals. Calculate value of| x ~ y\, here, x and y are the total number of bonds in benzene and benzyne respectively which are formed by overlapping of hybridized orbitals. Consider the following compounds : @ IF; Gi) Cl, (iii) XeO ,F (iv) NH (v) BCl, (vi) BeCl. (vii) ASCL} (viii) B(OH), (ix) NOz () ClO Then calculate value of "x + y—", here, x, y and z are total number of compounds in given compounds in which central atom used their all three p-orbitals, only two p-orbitals and only one p-orbital in hybridisation respectively. Total number of species which used all three p-orbitals in hybridisation of central atoms and should be non-polar also. XeO,F,, SnCl,, IF;, 1}, XeO,, SO, XeF7, SeF, Consider the following species NO;, SO}, CIO;, SO,, PO} , XeO3, CO}, SOF Then calculate value of |x ~ y{, where24, 25. 26. 27. x: Total number of species which have bond order 1.5 or greater than 1.5 y : Total number of species which have bond order less than 1.5 Consider the following orbitals 3s, 2p, 4dyy, 4d,2, 3d,2 2, 3Py, 45, 4p. and find total number of orbital(s) having even number of nodal plane: For the following molecules : PCI,, BrFy, ICl3, XeF;, NO3, XeO,F,, PCL}, CH} Calculate the value of 2*2 ¢ a= Number of species having sp*¢-hybridisation b=Numiber of species which are planar c = Number of species which are non-planar Find out number of transformation among following which involves the change of hybridisation of underlined atom. (a) H,O+H*—>H,0° (b) NH, +BF,—> NH, -BF, (©) XeF, —> XeF] +F (@) 2PCl,—> PCI; +PCl, (e) CH, —CH,—> CH; +CH} Find total number of orbital which can overlap colaterally, (if inter nuclear axis is =) Six Py P2ray Aye dye 64,2 5d,2 2at 21. 31. a. 51, 61. m1. at. 91. 101. 11. 121. 131. 141. 113, SSSssessyse 115. 1 116. 126. 136. 146. SSSSRESESBRS © 29. 39. 49. 59. 69. 79. 89. 99. 109. 119. 129. 139. 149.© @ 20) & @) © © © @ Co) @ (b) (@) (c) (c) (©) (b) (d) (b) (a) (c) ) ) ® ® @ © © ® ® @ @) ® @ @ ® ® © © ® @) ©) © © @ © © @ ® @ O) ® © (b) © @S SSSssese One or More Answers is/are correct 1. (abcd) 2 (abc) 3 (abc) 4. (ad) 5. (acd) 7. (abd) 8 (ac) 9% (bod) 10. (bd) 14. (abc) 13, (ac) 14 (acd) 15. fac) 16. (ac) 17. (ac) 19. (cd) 20. (abed) 24. (A) 22 (acd) 23. (ac) 25. (abd) 26 (acd) 27. (ad) 28. (abc) 28. (a,b,c) 6. 12. 18. 24. ) ©) ) ©) *) © *) ) ) (cd) (ab.c) (a,0) (ab.c.¢)Match the Column 1. A>P,S, T; B+P,R, T; D+Q,8,T 2 ASPs: BOP.R: D5R 3. BoP D5R 4 BQ, S: D5QRS 5. Bo R; D>P 6. Bo T; DoR 7 BoP; D>+P,Q 8. BoP, T: D~Q 9 BoP, S; D> P,R,T 10. BoP, S, T; D+Q,R,T 11. Bos; D+Q,T 12. Bo S,T D>R,T 13. B>Q,5S, T; DoT Assertion-Reason Type Questions 14(02) 2) 3% 8 4A 5 (©) 6 (C) 7) &(€) 9% © 10 @ 11. (A) 12. (C) Subjective Problems 1.4 2.2 3.4 4.5 5.4 6.4 7.4 8. 39 9.13 10.0 11.6 12.4 13.3 14.3 15. 2 16.0 17.2 18. 4 19.1 20.1 21.8 22. 2 23.0 24.5 25. 3 26. 3 27.6Hints and Solutions Level 1 4. (a) ONCN (Nitrosyl cyanide) :O=N—C=nN: Least formal charge more stable.11. 19. 20. 21. 30. 31. (d) Among given non-metals, O-atom has high electron affinity and strong ionic bond is formed between Al and O-atom. (LE xe rer (a) AIF, > MgP, [Charge on cation) (b) LigN > Li,O [Charge on anion] (c) NaCl > LiF [Size of cation and anion] (d) TiC > ScN [Charge on cation and anion} Charge of cation xcharge of anion Inter ionic distance (©) Lattice energy « (b) Order of lattice energy NaBr < NaCl < BaO < CaO 1Q'\1Q"| r+ +» Lattice energy (d) Lattice energy released in case of MgO is maximum giving highest contribution to ionic nature or ionic bond. (d) InSiCl, difference between electronegativity of Si (1.8) and chlorine (3.0) is higher than in other given ‘compounds. (© More effective axial and sideways overlapping between atomic orbitals of carbon and those of oxygen atom is higher due to smaller size of oxygen atom. Oxygen is more electronegative than oxygen atom, due to these factors CO has highest bond energy.32. (d) i K BOF @ AG i 9 46> hypervalend), » (6e>, bypovalent) ° s : a" © of o> 2¢°, hypervalent) (d) 0 0 F ly F 33, (d) In Rg molecule central S-atom is surrounded by 10 valence electrons and it is hypervalent TNF compound. 34, (d) Due to presence of vacant orbital excitation occurs in Cl-atom and it can have more than eight valence electrons when it is forming hypervalent compound like HCIO,. 35. (a) Bond polarity is directly related to difference of electronegativity of bonded atoms. 36, (a) The set of compounds BCI, SiCl,, PCI, are predominatly covalent compounds. NH ,Br and Nal ionic compounds and Al contains metallic lattice. 37. (b) Maximum coval ency of oxygen atom is three, hence OF, does not exist. 38. (€)co} O= ae S44. (b) Dueto inter electronic repulation between lone pairs on both oxygen atoms bond energy of O—O bond is less, 47. (d) Incorrect overlaps (if internulcear axis = Z) : (B) 2p, +2pp> m-bond; (C) 3d, +3d, = &-bond; (D) 2s +2p, = No bond formation. 49. ‘Number of o-bonds = 14 51. Molecular axis is z-axis. dy +dy —** > form 8-bond 52. (b) Correct order 2, 53. (d)d.2_j2+d.2 2+ > a-bond54. 55. 56. 57. 69. 70. (b) d.»_,2 + py (side wise overlap) —> Non-bonding, dis j2 tds j2 => 6-dond ds 247, | i] go @ Oxe' As. | So HO] H F H Maximum atoms that —> 3 4 3 5 can li@ in a plane (b) In fH, central atom is nitrogen which is sp? hybridized hence, it will be at the centre of tetrahedron with H-atoms at three vertices, (a) In trigonal by pyramidal geometry lone pair electrons cannot occupy axial positions. (b) (ii) (F) In general as the number of lone pair of electrons on central atom increases, value of bond angle from normal bond angle decreases due to lp — Ip > Ip - bp (iv) F) Structures of xenon fluorides and xenon oxy fluoride are explained on the basis of VSEPR theory. In SOBr,, S—O bond has maximum bond length in comparison to S—O bond lengths in SOF, and SOCI,, because in SOBr3, S—O bond has been formed by hybrid orbital containing less s-character.71. (a) ° Qa ||sP° sp* 3 (@) C (Trigonal planar) ) GX Ctrigonal planar) ~N. -o || o o oO Oo F Q »? sp°| Oy No (Trigonal pyramidal) (4)} ,, aiNe (Tetrahedral) o Il L te 1 72. (2)| FR) wr: x =2+ 5172 +1] =Co-bonds + 3 lone pairs) sp”-hybriisation Shape -> Linear Br F 73. () CIF, |F— af X=3 “ [7-3] =(30-bonds +2 lone pairs) (sp*d-hybridisation) F Shape — Bent - T-shape 74. (a) NH, — Trigonal pyramidal (a) SO?" — Trigonal pyramidal (b) CO} —> Trigonal planar (©) NO; — Trigonal planar (@) SO, —+ Trigonal planar" Q 75. (a) ck HO SH H~ ™H iH (sp?-hybrid) (sp°-hybridised) (trigonal planar) (Trigonal pyramidal) Bond pai Lone pairs = 4 Bond pairs = 2, Lone pairs = 2 Bond pairs = 6 Lone pairs = 6 Bond pairs = 3 Lone pairs = 82. (b) NH, +H* —> NH} sp sp 2NH, == NH} +NH} sp spp H,BO,+OH™ —> [B(OH),]-Zing SE NM, + INN, sp sp sp H,BO,+OH~> —+ [B(OH),}~ sp? sp HO +H" = H,0° - p 89. (c) By sp*-hybridisation. Hybridisation orbital =3 [30-bonds] Unhydrised orbital =1 [1x-bond] 91. (d) sp*-Hybridisation TQ H 9 re 4 N FY | ‘B—F 92. FTISF RO | p-PNe H7)SH Pyramidal ‘Trigonal planar F H ‘Tetrahedron ‘Tetrahedral@ 9 N . dy, oO On —cl B—Cl H~|SH SN= © go oF @ut ooN=0 ‘rigonal planar a Pyramidal ‘Trigonal planar Bent-TShape Ne c=N a 95. (b) Se5 Nec cen @-bonds = 9 ; n-bonds = 9 Shape : Bent TF 107. (c) In XeF,,, possible value ofn is 2, 4, 6, 8, then compound should be XeF, (linear), XeF, (square planar), XeF, (capped octahedral). So in this case trigonal planar molecule does not possible. 1108. (d) Ge @(sl—car HH — OF sxe MYON, JS Linear JID a cl Linear Linear Bent shaps 109.(b) Cs, 1S:—=2C 18 Total lone pairs = 4 Total double bond = 2 All the atoms have complete octet Sulphur isthe central atom. F Q! 110. (b) [XeF}]: > Xe—F Bent-T-shape (sp°d-hybridisation) Ji 9 F F [xXeF]: a ‘Square pyramidal (sp°d?-hybridisation) F° F f voke (a) ce. (b) JN, I No Non-polar Polar Non-planar Non-planar 116. (4) ~~ Ny Bo Nop] is 0. o*a~ “ae Clu=0 [EN > EN) @* Cl cl Non-polar Planar | | @) F 7 Non-polar Non-planar is trigonal planar hence net polarity of both ©) Br—a He CEN¢cy > ENewo) [EN(s) < EN)@ Ha LEN cy > EN ay] (b) Br—cl LEN cy > EN] om set CPE Cl [EN o> ENa) ECLA CI EN) < ENo) 120. (c) Stability order of carbon family hydride Silane > German > Stannane > Plumbane 131. (b) (a) N = N20 (There is noO —N —O bond angle) Q ° o=NFO oA @ ph, OS ° oo” Aa 132. (c) Correct order of bond angle: (a) NH, < PH, < AsH < SbHg (As E.N. value of C.A. 7 bond angle!) (b) OF, < OH, < OCl, (OHyTe* < H,Se* dipole-dipole > ion-induced dipole>dipole-induced dipole > London forces. 136. (d) Correct order of molecular force : HO >O Br, > O(C Ha). Tends “Dipl iol 137. (d) HCI is highly soluble in water because it ionise in water and form ion- No scope of hydrogen bonding Level 2 3. (c) Correct order of Lewis acidic character : PF, > SiF, > SF,. Although, $ has vacant 3d-orbitals but it ‘cannot accept co-ordinate bond from Lewis base due to steric crowding factor as S-atom is already bonded to six F-atoms.4, (d) Two different non-axial d-orbitals will lie in planes perpendicular to each other hence, such d-orbital will not form z-bond. 5. () C: 252 2p? 2s? 2p? C Cn ground state) [MW] [t]t 2p € (In excited state) [7] [Tt]? 2 2p In the unhybridized state of carbon, 2p orbitals are 90° to one another and each one will overlap with 1s orbital of three hydrogen atoms, thus three C—H bonds are formed which are 90° to one another. For the fourth hydrogen atom, its1s orbital may overlap with non-directional 2s orbital. of the carbon and this o-bond will be stronger than eC—H bonds formed by 2p—1s overlap. In such situation CH, molecule can never has tetrahedral geometry. 9. (b) d.2 can not form x as well 6-bond but it can form a-bond. 1 9 al 10. @-|2 GO 1 1 Hyb. :sp® Hyb. :sp°d Hp 0 Hp =O Planar Planar11. (b) (a) Pentagonal planar — sp°d°[s +p, + py +Ps+d2j2+d.2+dy) (b) Trigonal planar > sp{s + Any two p] (©) Linear — sp{s + any one p] + sp?{s +any two p) — sp°s +P, +P, + Pel — sp'dls +p, +Py +P, +42] (@)_ Square planar sp°d"{s+p,+py+P.+d.2_,2 +42] 16. (b) BF, Br idly Becl, BCl, Pal, NCl 17. (d) Q @ of sp? spd sp'd 2 sp? sp sp ‘Trigonal planar Bent‘ T’ shape Linear Linear ‘Trigonal planar Pyramidal Pyramidal ° P. = rm = NBO. ofl-0 = 167 (b) 5” | Nor BO: of Po = 1.25t Q O__7 S\_B.0. of S—0 = 15 @ 7% l Nig B.0. of Xe—0 = 2.0 0 I oO Bond order of O—O in, 21. () (a) clo; B.O. () clo, B.O. © clo, B.O. @ clo; BO. Number of atoms in ‘X-Y" plane =6 Number of atoms in (X-¥) plane = 5F <2 XN (IF, t K Number of atoms in (X-Y) plane = 5 F “ol H 24.) < ¢ “(P44 N hence, w= 0 25. (d) As size of sulphur is higher than that of oxygen atom, hence bond length of SH bond is higher than that of O—H bond. 26. (c) (a) CH, =CH—C=CH (b) HC =C—C = CH rome) >» (OH, C— CH=CH, @ HE= CH—CH =cH, we w ca28. (d) Order of decreasing bond angle. On the basis of electronegativity of halogens On the basis of electronegativity of halogens P. > Q > g ON a PN I I 1 1 1 I I I Involvement of s-orbital in hybridisation decreases downward in a group 29. (d) Correct order of B.P. CH.N, Hyb : sp°d? = T.BP. geometry = both have distorted square pyramidal structure= TBP. structure = Triangular pyramid Hyb : sp? (No. of px-dx bonds =2)Passage-2 1 @ Type of orbital For x-bond For c-bond eee Ca | eer teeereen fecal erecta Tene axis Nodal plane axis a yz + dye y-axis x” x-axis xy and xz axis = b dy +dy xeaxis x a-axis xz and yz y-axis yz c Py +dy, x-axis xs No. é-bond formation 2. (d) (a) py +d, ) = p. +4, O=s+d, @ = dy+ inter-nuclear axis is z-axis. 3. (©) Nodal plane of x-bond between C, and C, lies in yz-plane formed by sideways overlapping of py-orbitals. can produce non-bonding if inter-nuclear axis is either x, y or z-axis, can produce non-bonding if inter-nuclear axis is either x, y or 2-axis : will always form non-bonding irrespective of inter-nuclear axis dy: either form x-bond if inter-nuclear axis is x/ y axis or can also form S-bond ifPassage-10 1. (b) Bond dissociation energy : C1—Cl > P—P > Si—Si YY Y 2. (@) —-. nf — Bs Ss P, 3. ©) (@) so, No. of p= pr =1, (b) No; No. of px=px=1, pr-dx=0 (© soz No. of px—p=0, pr—dx=2 (d) coy No. of px—px =1, pr-dx=0 Passage-11 1. (@)_ Code element Actual element P c Q ° exhibits only covalency = 2; R a minimum covalencys T u Rand $ will combine as SR, not as SRs. 2. (©) Maximum electron affinity is of R. T and U belong to different groups. 3. (©) SR, : AICL, UR, : SiCl, Passage-12 1. © (a) _gX@x Three (dx ~ pr) bonds oo i No ll as, d bond 7? Soto I~ px) bonds ” 10 \o maximum covalency = 7 s Si Maximum electronegativity is of Q PQs: CO, can act as Lewis acid. Lewis acidic character of SiCl, > AICI,oO {I (© QZ>No One (px—pa)and two (dx ~px) bond 9 I fel ® Ho Se ‘Three (dx — px) bonds 2. () (a) Involvement of hybridisation (NH, SO,, SO;, BF;, PCl,, IF,) (b) Hypervalent compounds (S03, SO, IF,) (© Non-planar molecules (NH, PH3,)PCly, IF;, P,) (@) SO, [one (px pr) bond and one (dz=pz) bond], SO, [one (px~px) bond and two (dx -pr) bonds} Passage-13 1. (©) The net energy change during the dissolution or ionisation of ionic compound in water Lattice Energy or Ionisation Energy of Compound - Hydration Energy of Cation and Anion. x-y-s)ki/mol 2. (©) The radius of hydrated ion is directly related to charge of metallic ion and inversely related to size in puire state. Hence the correct order of Li*(aq) > Na“ (aq) > K*(aq) (Hydrated ion radius)Passage-14 1. (©) According to Born Haber cycle, EA and lattice energy should be high for ionic compound formation. In case of AIF, and AICI, (FA), < (EA But LE. of AIF, > AICI, due to small size of F- makes overall process exothermic. 2. (a) 2NHj +0} —> (NH,),S0, (ionic compound) 1 Sal H—C=N; SAI-I; H—Br (covalent compound) 7 J ONE OR MORE ANSWERS IS/ARE CORRECT 4. (a,d) Correct statement is : (b) Number of px ~dr bond(s) in SO, is two and in SO, is one (0) Lewis basic order : NCI, >NF, 10. (b, a) Due to phenomenon of inert pair effect Pb* is more stable than Pb**. 12. (a,b, ,c) AX3:SO, g — Hyp. of S : sp®; shape : Bent 2 ASN, » posse AY»: SCly ~ Hyp. of S : sp®; shape : BentAX:80, AYa: SCly 16. (a,0) No. w@ Gi) (ii) (iv) Ss o~o — Hyb. of S : sp*; shape : Bent Total no. of bp. + Lp. 341 242 241 240 — Both are planar Hybridisation x 7p —+ Hyb. of S : sp? shape : Bent Geometry Shape Pyramidal vV-shape/bent V-shape/bent LinearWw) 3+2 spd Bent T-shape (wi) 2+3 sp'd Linear 17. (a, @ Aongraris, iP IPN (x-bond) b) ONO ‘ie N, (>) O= N= 7 18 o% “o Amo B.O. =2 B.O. = 4/3 =133 B.O.=3/2=15 (© NF, < NCI, HCl > HBr > HI (Dipole moment order)22. (a,¢,d) (a) p, “py, => Non-bonding if internuclear axis is x-axis (b) p, +4,, = Form non-bonding if internuclear axis is x-axis (© d,, +d, = Can form 8-bond if internuclear axis is y-axis @) p, +d, = Gan form x-bond, if internuclear axis is x-axis. 23. (a,0) 5p, :Non-bonding; \ s+s:o-bond; —p, +p, :Non-bonding; d,, + py tx-bond 24, (a,b, c,d) Ithas two angular nodes modified in shape of nodal cones. One lobe is dumb-bell shape while the othe: a in the shape of circular ring (in X¥ plane) 25. (a,b, d) AYB™ is ionic when ionisation energy of cation (A* is low and electron affinity of anion (B-)is high. 26. (a, ¢,d) Mg”’,N® from Mg .N., X3¥, type compound.27. (a,d) Tonic compound have high melting point and high boiling points. These have high solubilities in polar solvents and have non-directional nature of bonds. ___ MATCH THE COLUMN ~> Planar as both B and N are sp? -hybridized > ftp =0 (non-polar) + has 2p, -2p, back bonding between B—N bond. —+ has no co-ordinate bond Planar structure Sup=0— has no back bond Cl a y a —B > cr Sel © — Planar structureas both B-atoms are sp”-hybridised ity =0 — has 2p,-3p, back bonding in B—Cl bond — has no co-ordinate bond (D)2p, 3d, back bonding — Non-planar ity =0 — has no co-ordinate bond 1 | 4. (A) Hypophosphorie Acid (H,#,0,)HO—P —f— OH SIBBeiyad, OH OH ° ° [sp SP (@) Pyrophosphoric Acid (HPs) HO—P—O—P—OH —; Basicity=2 H u(©) Boric Acid (HBO) HBO, + OH” =*[B(OH),] (LA) (LB) ~ borate ion fas (D) Hypophosphorus acid (HPO) HO— Pou Basicity =1 H - | a B.O. of N—O=133 = OF || $Opo. ofa—o=175 3 1 Q cl P ~o- PN, y = 07 | ~O Boofp—o =125 =O || “0 Bo. ofci—o-=167 o ° ° ll 07 8 No = O07 || ~O poofs—o -150A. A V ” i ot Hybridisation of As : sp® Shape : Tetrahedron All As—O bonds are of equal length due to resonance Number of px —dx bond = 1 Hydridisation : sp* Shape : V-shape All Cl bonds are of equal length. Hybridisation of S : spd (sp,p, +P.d.2) Shape : T.BP, Number of px —dx bond = 1 Hybridisation of Xe : sp°d” (= sp.pyPidja-ja4.2) Shape : Square pyramidal Number of px —dr bond = 1Hybridisation : sp®; Shape : Angular; Polar; Planar Hybridisation : sp*d; Shape : Linear; Non-polar; Planar Hybridisation : sp°d*; Shape : Square planar; Non-polar; Planar Hybridisation : sp*Shape : Angular; Polar; Planar 11. Combining orbitals (internuclear axis) Type of bond formed P d,.+Pys @) mbond Q S+P xs (Y) Non-bonding R dy, +d, (3) &bond s sts, (2) o-bonds+s, (z) o-bond s+dy,(y) Non-bonding sp°d°-hybridisation(s +p, +py +P, +4,2_,2 +d.2 +d), d-orbital with zero nodal Plane (d_) and non-axial d-orbital (d,, ) used in hybridisation, Planar. Bond angle, 72° ry |, PNB Hybridisation sp°d (+p. +p, +P.+d,) jr br Br Non-planar species Bond angle 109°28 F as © et QK Hybridisation sp°d (s +p, +P, +P. +42) F o dorbital with zero nodal plane (d,») used Non-planar Bond angle < 90°HH “(XZ F ox! 13. (a) 107; : SID A | F (©) SeOF, ao (@ xeor, : O = Xe 0 1 Hybridisation sp® Planar Bond angle < 109°28" See-saw, Non-planar Square pyramidal, non-planar Trigonal pyramidal, non-planar Bent-T-shape, PlanarASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS / F SO ei: Hybridisation of Xe : sp°d?, shape: square planar SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS bp. Lp. (A) 4 2 @) 5 1 © 5 a 1) 6 1 ©) 8 1 28 7 = P=7B 042. SO,,HCHO 3. A =3, Pr=5, Q=2, P)=7, Q=3 57 342 6. X=Sand¥=1 so,X-Y=5-1=4 8. X =120 (sp*-hybridization) Y= 180 ( sp-hybridization) Z=90 ( sp*d*-hybridization) 120 +180+90)_ 390 10 1018. p-3, q=5, r=2 s=6, f=2 34+5+2-6-2>2 19, x=3, ysl, 2=3;x+y-2=3+1-3=1H H H H x= 12 21. () IF(sp°d) (ii) CII, (spd?) (v) BCI, (sp) (vi) BeCl,(sp) (ix) NOx(sp*) (x) ClO}(sp*) Xx = (sp?)2.+sp°d) +sp°d(2) =5 y=4, = 5+4-1-8 22, XeO,, XeF} ie 0 ug ¥, oO — FE cl cl — spd — sp? — polar — polar I Ix-yl=1 (iii) XeOF(sp*d) i) AsCl (sp*) (iv) NH3(sp*) Q ia — spd? —sp* —+polar —- polar (viii) B(OH),(sp?)Sn, of No — sp? polar 23. Species NO, soj clo; Po XeO, coy soz x=4 y=4 BS 'v WIN a ot —+non-polar Bond order 1.33 1.50 1.66 2.00 1.25 2.00 1.33 1.33 4-4-024, 3s : 0 Nodal plane 4d_2 : 0 Nodal plane 2p, : 1 Nodal plane 3d_2_,2i 2 Nodal plane 4d,, : 2. Nodal plane 3p, : 1 Nodal plane 35, Ady, 4d.2, 3d,2_j2, 45 (Five) 25. PCl,—> spd, non-planar 1Cl;—> sp°4, linear, planar NO3—> sp”, planar PCL; —> sp’, tetrahedral, non-planar a=4, b=5, c=3 4s : 0 Nodal plane 4p, : 1 Nodal plane BrF, —> sp°d, bent, T-shape, planar XeF; —> sp*d°, pentagonal planar XeO.F,—> spd, see-saw, non-planar CH} —> sp’, Trigonal planar 26. Transformations (b), (c) and (d) involve change in hybridisation.