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    Debsruti Saha
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    The Earth has two types of motions: rotation and revolution. Rotation is the Earth's movement on its axis once every 24 hours, creating days and nights. Revolution is the Earth's elliptical movement around the sun once every 365.25 days, creating the seasons and changes in sunlight intensity towards the poles. There are two solstices - summer and winter - when the sun's rays are most direct over the Tropic of Cancer or Capricorn, respectively, creating the longest and shortest days. There are also two equinoxes in spring and autumn when the sun's rays are equally distant from the north and south poles, creating equal day and night lengths worldwide.

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    The Earth has two types of motions: rotation and revolution. Rotation is the Earth's movement on its axis once every 24 hours, creating days and nights. Revolution is the Earth's elliptical movement around the sun once every 365.25 days, creating the seasons and changes in sunlight intensity towards the poles. There are two solstices - summer and winter - when the sun's rays are most direct over the Tropic of Cancer or Capricorn, respectively, creating the longest and shortest days. There are also two equinoxes in spring and autumn when the sun's rays are equally distant from the north and south poles, creating equal day and night lengths worldwide.

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    5 views2 pages

    Geography Lesson 3

    Uploaded by

    Debsruti Saha
    The Earth has two types of motions: rotation and revolution. Rotation is the Earth's movement on its axis once every 24 hours, creating days and nights. Revolution is the Earth's elliptical movement around the sun once every 365.25 days, creating the seasons and changes in sunlight intensity towards the poles. There are two solstices - summer and winter - when the sun's rays are most direct over the Tropic of Cancer or Capricorn, respectively, creating the longest and shortest days. There are also two equinoxes in spring and autumn when the sun's rays are equally distant from the north and south poles, creating equal day and night lengths worldwide.

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    Lesson 3 MOTIONS of the EARTH

     Two type of motions:


    - Rotation:
    a. Movement of the Earth on its axis
    b. 24 hours  one rotation  ‘Earth day’
    c. Days and night
    d. West to east (anti-clockwise)
    e. Inclination of Earth’s tilt  661/2 with orbital plane
    - Axial tilt (obliquity)  231/2 with vertical line to the orbital plane
    f. The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is called the Circle of
    Illumination.
    g. Unequal heating (vertical rays over the Equator and slant towards the poles)
    h. Tilted axis is always pointed towards the Pole Star
    - Revolution:
    a. Movement of the Earth around the sun
    b. In elliptical orbit
    c. 3651/4 days (365 days 6 hours)
    d. 365 days  one year
    e. ¼ day or 6 hours  added to February month every 4 years  29 Days i.e,
    Leap Year
    f. Change of seasons : Summer, Winter, Spring, Autumn
    g. Seasons in the northern hemisphere are reversed to that of southern
    hemisphere
    h. Because of changes in position of Earth while revolving around the sun
    i. Intensity and duration of sunshine goes on changing towards the poles
     Solstices
    - That time of the year when the sun’s vertical rays fall over one of the two tropics.
    - Sun appears to stand still  at its highest point in each hemispheres
    - Tropics of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn
    - Two solstices:
    a. Summer solstice (21st June)
    - Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun
    - Sun rays: directly on Tropic of Cancer (more heat)
    - Areas near the poles: less heat (slanting rays)
    - Summer in the northern hemisphere
    - Areas beyond Arctic Circle ( continuous daylight for about 6 months)
    - Longest day; shortest night (21st Jan)
    - Reverse in southern hemisphere :
    o Winter
    o Longer nights
    o Shorter days

    b. Winter solstice (22nd December)


    - Southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun
    - Sun rays: directly on Tropic of Capricorn (more heat, more light)
    - Summer: longer days; shorter nights
    - Reverse in Northern hemisphere
    - 22nd December : shortest days; longest night in Northern Hemisphere

     Equinoxes
    - The sun’s ray directly fall on the Equator
    - North Pole and South Pole  equal distance from the sun
    - None of them are inclined or away from the sun
    - Equal day and night throughout the world
    - 2 Equinoxes:
    a. Spring Equinox (21st March)
    - Northern hemisphere: Spring
    - Southern hemisphere: Autumn

    b. Autumn Equinox (23rd September)


    - Northern hemisphere: Autumn
    - Southern hemisphere: Spring

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