2122123, 4:28. Literary Devices [Alteration rony, Similes, Symbolism, Metaphor & more
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Literary Devices
May 26, 2022
In this post
Alliteration
Assonance
Colloquial Language
Connotation
Consonance
Denotation
Euphemism
Figure of Speech
Hyperbole
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Innuendo
Irony
Metaphor
Onomatopoeia
Oxymoron
Paradox
Personification
Rhetorical Question
Rhyme
Sarcasm
Satire
Sibilance
Simile
symbolism
Learning the list below will allow you to effectively answer questions 3, 6
and 7 in Section A and all of the questions in Section B and C of the exam.
You must not only be able to recognise literary devices in a variety of texts,
but also learn how to create your own in order to achieve certain effects in
the writing assessments of the exam. In Sections B and C you will be asked
to write passages based on the specific information provided in the
question instructions. To do this, you must use a variety of sentence
lengths and types in the writing assessments of the exam and also know
how to create your own literary devices, such as alliteration, metaphors
and similes, and be able to understand what effects they can create for
your writing. Different literary devices are used for a number of reasons; a
lot of them to further entice the reader into the piece of writing, to
persuade the reader, to create an atmosphere or to add emphasis to a
particular point.
Al
eration
Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds to convey a particular
mood, atmosphere or emotion, or to emphasise a point. The repetition of
the consonants normally appears at the beginning of words.
hitpsfontine-learing-college.convknowledge-hubigcses/gcse-english-helplterary-devices! ana2122123, 4:28. Literary Devices [Alteration rony, Similes, Symbolism, Metaphor & more
The cat clawed the carpet creating chaos for Cathy.’
Here, you could say that the alliteration of the ‘c’ sound is similar to (and
also reinforces) the idea of a scratching sound that a cat may make when
clawing something. Like with any literary device, when pointing out the
alliteration of a text you must always explain why it has been used and
what effect it has created.
Assonance
Assonance is similar to alliteration in that it refers to the repetition of the
same sounds. However, assonance refers to vowel sounds to convey a
particular mood, atmosphere or emotion, or to emphasise a point. For
example:
In William Wordsworth's poem Daffodils, he uses assonance to
create internal rhymes and to create atmosphere “Beside the lake,
beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze”. The delicate
assonance of the repetition of the ‘ee’ sound appears as if the words
are also swaying in the breeze.
Similarly, when pointing out the alliteration of a text you must always
explain why assonance has been used and what effect it has had.
Colloquial Language
As we have already discussed, colloquial language is language that is
characteristically informal. It is found a lot in speech (particularly everyday
conversation) but it does also appear in writing. For example:
Referring to ‘New York City’ as ‘The Big Apple’.
The phrase ‘want to’ appearing as ‘wanna’.
hitpsfontine-learing-college.convknowledge-hubigcses/gcse-english-helplterary-devices! ana2122123, 4:23 Mt Literary Devices [Alteration rony, Siiles, Symbolism, Metaphor & more
If you say someone is ‘looking blue’ to describe them feeling
upset.
People use colloquial language all the time without even realising it. It is
very common in spoken conversations but you may find it in some written
texts as well, even the ones that you are asked to analyse in the exam.
Connotation
Connotation refers to words that have underlying meanings or emotional
overtones — these can be referred to as connotative words. Connotative
words can have negative or positive connotations depending on the
context surrounding them. Colours are one example of connotative words
but there are others. For example:
The colour ‘red’ has connotations of anger, hate and fire;
alternatively, you could also say it has connotations of love.
A ‘dove’ connotes peacefulness, the Holy Spirit (religion) and
purity.
If someone is described as ‘pushy’ then it connotes that they are
perhaps opinionated, loud mouthed and irritating.
Consonance
Consonance is very similar to alliteration in that it is the repetition of the
same consonant sounds. However, consonance refers to the repetition of
consonant sounds in the middle or at the ends of words to convey a
particular mood, atmosphere or emotion, or to emphasise a point.
‘The pitter-patter of tiny feet.’
Denotation
hitpsfontine-learing-college.convknowledge-hubigcses/gcse-english-helplterary-devices! ana2122123, 4:23 Mt Literary Devices |Aliteration, Irony, Siiles, Symbolism, Metaphor & more
Denotation is similar to connotation but instead of referring to the
underlying meanings and emotional overtones of words, denotation
refers to the literal meaning of a word; in other words, the dictionary
definition of a word. For example
The word ‘home’ has a literal meaning of the place where
someone lives; however, it often has connotations of family and
belonging.
A ‘dove’ is literally a species of bird that is white in colour;
however, it often has connotations of peacefulness, purity etc.
Euphemism
A euphemism is a mild expression that is used to replace a blunt or
embarrassing statement that may sound too harsh. For example:
“She has passed away’ might be used instead of ‘she has died’.
Figure of Speech
A statement which is decorative and colourful in language; words are used
not in their usual or literal sense. There are different types of figures of
speech; for example, metaphor, personification and similes. They are often
used for emphasis and in descriptive works of literature as they conjure up
detailed pictures in the reader’s/listener's mind. For example:
‘Lam boiling’ (metaphor).
‘He eats like a pig’ (simile).
Hyperbole
An over exaggerated statement used to add extra effect/emphasis to a
point.
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This can often create a dramatic or comedic effect. For example:
‘It's raining cats and dogs.
‘You've been told a million times.’
‘He runs faster than the speed of light.’
‘LT have a million things to do this weekend.’
Innuendo
You may have heard of this term previously. An innuendo is an indirect
way of saying something. A person may insinuate or imply rather than
directly saying something that may be critical. You normally have to be
able to read between the lines in order to understand the meanings of
innuendos. Although similar to euphemisms, innuendos are far more
critical and are not normally as clear in meaning. For example:
‘There is one too many people in this room’ — may be said by
someone who is in the same room as someone they dislike.
Irony
A statement that signifies the opposite of something or an event that has
happened that was unlikely to. Irony is used to create tension, drama and
sometimes even humour and sarcasm. For example:
Aman may have just lost his job and in the same month his
annual car insurance is due — this is not particularly funny, especially
for the man in question, but it is still classed as irony as it is such an
unlikely and unlucky situation to occur.
‘Dramatic irony’ can appear in texts, plays and on the television.
It is where something is highlighted to the audience or reader but
not to the characters concerned. For example, a character may have
hitpsfontine-learing-college.convknowledge-hubigcses/gcse-english-helplterary-devices! ana2122123, 4:23 Mt Literary Devices [Alteration rony, Siiles, Symbolism, Metaphor & more
been murdered on stage, the audience was witness to who
committed the murder but the other characters are oblivious.
Metaphor
A figure of speech, often a person or object, that contains an implied
comparison to something else to add emphasis and effect. For example:
‘She is fishing for trouble’ — she will not actually be fishing for
trouble but we get the idea that she is creating trouble.
‘It broke my heart’ — their heart will not physically be broken but
the use of this metaphor implies great sadness.
Onomatopoeia
Aword or phrase that mimics the sound it is describing. For example:
‘Boom.’
‘The clip-clopping of her shoes.”
Oxymoron
When contradictory words appear close together to create a desired
effect. It is often used to add emphasis, indicate sarcasm or to
demonstrate a contradictory truth. For example:
‘Bitter sweet.’
‘You must be cruel to be kind.’
Paradox
A statement which may seem to contradict itself but actually holds some
truth. Writer's may use this technique to make a controversial comment.
For example:
hitpsfontine-learing-college.convknowledge-hubigcses/gcse-english-helplterary-devices! m42122123, 4:23 Mt Literary Devices |Aliteration, Irony, Siiles, Symbolism, Metaphor & more
He is a wise fool.’ - How can someone realistically be both wise
and a fool?
‘I'm a compulsive liar.’ — This statement is contradictory. If the
person is in fact a compulsive liar then what they are saying here
could not be true. Therefore, the statement does not make any literal
sense.
Personification
This is a type of metaphor that involves giving human qualities to a non-
human object. For example:
‘The moonlight danced on the shore’ — moonlight does not
dance but this statement gives a vivid visual image of how the
moonlight moves on the shore.
His life passed him by so quickly’ — life does not physically pass
by but we still understand what is meant by this statement.
Rhetorical Question
This is a question which is not meant to be answered; this can be both
written and spoken and may be used to get the reader thinking about a
particular point or to signify irony. For example:
What is the point?
Are you kidding me?
Can birds fly? (this is also an ironic statement).
Rhyme
Rhyme is the repetition of words that sound the same. This appears a lot
in poetry and songs but you can also find it in other texts to help convey a
hitpsfontine-learing-college.convknowledge-hubigcses/gcse-english-helplterary-devices! ana2122123, 4:23 Mt Literary Devices [Alteration rony, Siiles, Symbolism, Metaphor & more
particular mood, atmosphere or emotion, or to emphasise a point.
Examples of rhyme are:
‘The 1st of May felt like the first summer day’ — this is also
known as an internal rhyme as the rhyme appears on the same line
and not at the end of two separate lines.
Sarcasm
Sarcasm is used frequently in spoken language and is often a form of
irony. It can be used for a humorous effect but can also ridicule and be
hurtful. For example:
Nice perfume. Must you marinate in it?
Satire
Satire is the use of humour, irony, exaggeration or ridicule towards
someone or something which can criticise their flaws or ideas. If a
particular text or play includes a lot of satire, we would call it ‘satirical’, or
say it has ‘satirical elements’.
Sibilance
Sibilance is similar to alliteration in that it involves the repetition of
consonant sounds. However, sibilance relates specifically to the repetition
of consonants that produce hissing and breathy sounds. For example:
‘The snake slithered slowly across the bank.’
‘And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain.’
The use of the ‘s’, soft ‘c’ and ‘ch’ sounds in the same line (taken
from Edgar Allan Poe's The Raven).
hitpsfontine-learing-college.convknowledge-hubigcses/gcse-english-helplterary-devices! ona2122123, 4:23 Mt Literary Devices [Alteration rony, Siiles, Symbolism, Metaphor & more
Simile
Similes are similar to metaphors in that they are figures of speech that use
comparisons. They most commonly consist of ‘like’ or ‘as’ in their
comparisons and so are easily recognisable. For example:
‘The 1st of May felt like the first summer day’ — this is a simile
that also has an internal rhyme.
‘As white as snow’ — this is also a simile; however, it is also a
cliché so try not to write this in your own writing.
Symbolism
Symbolism is a literary device where a person, object, situation or event
has a deeper meaning than what is laid out on the page. For example:
A red rose can be a symbol of love and romance.
A dove can be a symbol of peace.
A mountain can symbolise a difficult problem that has to be
overcome by a character.
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