TIRE PRDIPRUOH ISSO DCOON/ RS 1.0.0 LEO SIA OF OY (> ROM Aree aM Vato Meee ee oe Oe RR Standard Method of Test for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates AASHTO Designation: T 27-22! AASHIG ‘Technically Revised: 2022 Technical Subcommittee: 1c, Aggregates ASTM Designation: C136/C136M-06 1 ‘SCOPE EE This method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of fine and coarse ageregates by sieving, 12, ‘Some specifications for aggregates, whieh reference this method, contain grading requirements including both coarse and fine fractions. Instructions are included for sieve analysis of such agerepates. 13. ‘The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, The values in parentheses arc provided for information purposes only. 14, ‘This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does ‘nol purport t0 address all ofthe safety concerns associated with its use. It isthe responsibilty of the user of tis procedure to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory regulations prior o its use 15. The quality ofthe results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the ‘equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of R 18 are generally considered capeble of ‘competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/ete. Users ofthis standard are cauitoned that compliance with R 18 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend ‘on many factors: following the suggestions of R18 or some similar acceptable guideline provides ‘a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factor. 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS: 24. AASHTO Standards: M231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials FM 339M/M 339, Thermometers Used in the Testing of Construction Materials R18, Establishing and Implementing a Quality Management System for Construction ‘Materials Testing Laboratories mR 76, Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size R90, Sampling Aggregate Products ‘= TL, Materials Finer Then 75-um (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing 22. ASTM Standards: Te Tara ‘AASHTO (©2002 by the American Assacition of Site Hihay nd Transporation Officials Allright eseved Duplication i volatn of eplcat lawnde, sTeonsod to 170.01.07.04 LEG SA DE. CV (oo Avian Torres albama Se pl 23. C125, Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates © C670, Standard Prectice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials EI, Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers ‘ELL, Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Steves 'm£230/E230M, Standard Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for ‘Standardized Thermocouples £2877, Standard Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers Iniernational Elecirotechnical Commission Standard: IEC 60584-1: 2013 Thermocouples - Part 1: EMF Specifications and Tolerances 3. 34. TERMINOLOGY Definitions —For definitions of terms used inthis standard, refer to ASTM C125. ‘SUMMARY OF METHOD A sample of dry aggregate of known mass is separated through a series of sieves of progrest ‘smaller openings for determination of particle size distribution, ely 52. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE ‘This method is used primarily to determine the grading of materials proposed for use as aggregates or being used as aggregates. The results are used to determine compliance ofthe particle size 4 53 BS 25 SS Ths publ 772. 773. Coarse and Fine Aggregates Mictures—The mass ofthe test sample of coarse and fine aggregate cnibtures shall be the same as for coarse aggregate in Section 7.4. Samples of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate—The size of sample required for aggregate (@-in,) nominal maximum size or larger is such as to preclude convenient sample redliction and ‘esting as a unit except with large mechanical splitters and sieve shakers. As an option when such ‘equipment is not available, instead of combining and mixing sample increments and then reducing, the fleld sample to testing size, conduct the sieve analysis on a number of approximately equal ‘sample increments such that the total mass tested conforms tothe requirements of Section 7.4. In the event thatthe amount of material finer than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve is to be determined by T 11, use the procedure described in Sestion 7.7.1 or 7.72, whichever is applicable. For aggregates with a nominal maximum size of 12.5 mm (' in.) or less, use the same test sample for testing by T 11 and this method. Firs test the sample in accordance with T 11 through the final drying operation, then dry sieve the sample as stipulated in Seotions 8.2 through 8.6 of ‘this method. For aggregates with a nominal maximum size greater than 12.5 mm ('/ in), a single test sample may be used as described in Section 7.7.1 or separate test samples may be used for T 11 and this method, Where the specification requires determination ofthe total amount of material Finer than the ‘75-um (No, 200) sieve by washing and dry sieving, use the procedure described in Section 7.7.1. 8. 84, 82. 83. PROCEDURE [F the test sample has not been subjected to testing by T 11, dry it to constant mass at a temperature of 110 5°C (230 + 9°F). Determine and record the mess of material that will be placed on the sieves to the accuracy of the balance as defined in Section 6.1. Note 5—For control purposes, particularly where rapid results ae desired, it is generally not necessary to dry coarse aggregate for the sieve analysis test. The results ar litle affected by the ‘moisture content unless (1) the nominal maximum size is smaller than about 12.5 ma (' in), 2) the coarse aggregate contains appreciable material fner than 4.75 mm (NO. 4), or (3) the coarse aggregate is highly absorptive (a lightweight aggregate, for example). Also, samples may be died atthe higher temperature associated with the use of hot plates without affecting resuts, Provided steam escapes without generating pressures sufficient to fracture the particles, and ‘temperatures are not so great as to cause chemical breakdown ofthe aggregate. Select sieves with suitable openings to furnish the information required by the specifications ‘covering the material to be tested, Use additional sieves as desired or necessary to provide other information, such as fineness modulus. orto regulate the amount of material on a sreve to meet the oquirements of Annex Al. Nest the sieves in order of decreasing size of opening froma top to bottom and place the sample, or portion of the sample if is to be sieved in mote than one ‘increment, on the top sieve. Agitae the sieves by hand or by mechanical apparatus fora sufficient period, established by trial or checked by measurement on the actual test sample, to meet the criterion for adequacy of sieving described in Annex A2. Limit the quantity of material on a given sieve go thet all particles have opportunity to reach sicve ‘openings a number of times during the sieving operation. Tse Ta ‘AASHTO (© 2022by the American Assciation of State Highay ana Transporation Otic. ‘All ips resend, Duplication i veation of applicable lawamarialandaverde@gmaileony, “" S'S SS Sy Se ication is licensed to 179.51.61.94 LEG SA De: CV (c/o Adrian Torres 83.1.1. 83.1.2, 83.1.3, 93.1.4, 83.1.8. a4. as. Tse Prevent an overload of material on an individual sieve as described in Table AI hy one or a combination of the following methods: Insert an additional sieve with opening size intermediate between the sieve that may be overloaded and the sieve immediately above tat sieve in the original set of sieves. Split the sample into two or more portions sieving cach portion individually. Combine the masses of the several portions retained on a specific sieve before calculating the percentage ofthe sample onthe sieve, Use sieves having a larger frame size and providing greater sieving area In the case of coarse and fine ageregate mixtures, the portion of the sample finer than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve may be distributed among two or more sets of sieves to prevent overloading of Individual sieves, Alternatively, the portion finer than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve may be reduced in size using ‘mechanical splitter according to R 76. If this procedure is followed, compute the mass of each size increment ofthe original sample as follows: avties 0 4 mass of size increment on total sample basis; ‘mass of fraction finer than 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve in total sample; ‘mass of reduced portion of material finer than 4,75-mm (No. 4) sieve actually sieved; and ‘mass of size increment in reduced portion sieved, Unless a mechanical sieve shaker is used, hand sieve particles retained on the 75 miu (3 in) by ‘determining the smallest sieve opening through whieh each particle will pass by rotating the Particles, if necessary, in order to determine whether they will passthrough a particular opening; however, do not force particles to passthrough an opening. Determine the mass of each size increment on a seale or balance conforming tothe requirements specified in Section 6.1 to tne nearest 0.1 percent of the total original dry sample mass. The total ‘mass of the material after sieving should check closely with the total original dry mass ofthe ‘sample placed on the sieves. Ifthe two amounts differ by more than 0.3 percent, based on the total original dry sample mass placed on the sieves, the results should not be used for acceptance. purposes. CALCULATION Calculate percentages passing, total percentages retained, or percentages in various size factions to the nearest 0.1 percent on the basis ofthe total mass of the inital dry sample, Ifthe same test, sample was first tested by T 11, include the mass of material finer than 75-m (No. 200) sieve by washing in the sieve analysis calculation; and use the total dry sample mass prior to washing in T 11 as the basis for calculating all the percentages, ‘When sample increments are tested as provided in Section 7.6, total the masses of the portion of ‘the increments retained on each sieve, and use these masses to ealeulate the percentage as in Seetion 9. T2775 “AASHTO (© 2022 by the American Assocation of State Mighvay and Transporation Offical, All ips reserved, Duplication ia vibation of spplieable law.EUS OF LEG A OF OV (o> AUN Oreo oo ON TIS WI RAUF isticct seth Calcuate the fineness modulus, when required, by adding the total percentages of materiel in the sample tat are coarser than each of the following sieves (cumulative percentages retained), and dividing the sum by 100; 150 um (No. 100), 300 ma (No. 50), 600 pm (No. 30), 1.18 mm (No. 16), 2.36 mm (No. 8), 4.75 mm (No. 4), 9.5 mm (sin. 19.0 mm in), 37-$ mm (1 in), sd larger, ineveasing the ratio of 210 1. 10. REPORT 10.1 Depending on the form of the specifications for use of the material under text, the report shall Include one of the following: 10.4.1. Total percentage of material passing each sieve, or 10.1.2, ‘Total percentage of material retained on each sieve, or 10.1.3, Percentage of material retained between consecutive sieves. 10.2. ‘Report percentages to the nearest whole number, except if the percentage passing the 75m (No. 200) sieve is less than 10 percent, it shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 percent. 10.3. ‘Report the fineness modulus, when required, tothe nearest 0.01. 11. PRECISION AND BIAS 114. Precision—The estimates of precision for tis test method are listed in Table 1. The estimates are ‘based on the results from the AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory Proficieney Sample Program, with testing conducted by T 27 and ASTM C136. The data are based on the analyses of ‘test results from 65 to 233 laboratories that tested 18 paits of eoarse aggregate proficiency test sarnples, and test results from 74 fo 222 laboratories that tested 17 pairs of fine aggregate proficiency test samples (Samples No. 21 through 90). The values in the table are given for \ifferent ranges of total percentage of aggregate passing a sieve. TS16 oe TI76 ‘AASHTO (©2022 the American Association of State Highvsy end Transporation Ofici's ‘Allg reseved. Dupin sa vation of opie lameTable 1—Estimates of Precision agmaicon. ~~" "= ™ Taal Pacaage Sinai Doviion Acsopabe Rangeat of Material Passing (15,2%6 Two hess (5) "% Can Age? im 3 aa 7 ‘Shoop pia 2 2 oat 23 ss 0 i 3 <0 20 Ds oe = > in a = 3 035 Pa as zo 10 2 <0 3 ars 21 < 3 2 oss is z 2 ° oar oe autor erein 10 2 oss 10 oS 3s 137 39. : 3 in 34 2 0 2a x 55 2 isn se a <0 aa as 2 3 as e 2 <0 ie Be iS s 2 ot 30 = 2 0 4s 13 3 Fhe Acprom | Sete pion 10 ws o2s 07 5 ‘s xe oss te 8 Bs 2m ass a > =o Sis a3 13 Ss 20 3s 1» S 10 E7 037 u 2 0 aus oa rs Mallory pression 100 as 023 08 o 23 20 on 2 ki < So Mt o s <2 zis 110 34 = 20 ons at a 0 2 aus is z 2 ° oat 03 S Tha eee ah (had) a TO = * Mhepetion tne so kend onanism ane oan riay cS 144 ‘The precision vals for Fine Aggregate fn Table 2 are based on nomial 500+ test samples 3 Revision of ASTM C136 in 1994 permitted the fine aggregate test sample size to be 300 5 ‘minimum. Analysis of results of testing of 300-g and 500-g test samples from Aggregate 3 rw 8 Proficeney Test Sampies 99 and 100 (Samples 99 and 100 were essentially dente duced 2 ‘we precision values in Table 9, whieh indents only mince siaerenne ee 5 Note €—the values for Fine Aggregate in Table 1 wl be revised elect the 300 et sample s size when asufiient numberof AgarezaleProfcleney Tests have bom condacea ene a sample size to provide reliable data a Te THT RASHTO (© 2022 by the American Association of State Highvy and Teaspoon Otic, ‘Allis reserved. Duplin is avalon of appa lane‘Table 2-— Precision Data for 300-g and 500-g Fine Aggregate Test Samples oovtteeee Wits ‘Among Fine Aggregate Proficiency Sample angie Naber Laboratory Labortores ‘Test Result Size of Labs Ave Is ass dis = TASHTOT HASNT Cs 8 Total material pang the 475mm No.4) 300g 285 9990200270066 )=— oars seo = 30m 58999 00010060 otr = Tealmaninlomigde2sémmo.2) 500s ah tases, tag et aS see) = 300 2 a4 e432 039 109) 0.69 1s == ‘Total materi passing the 118mm (No. 16) 50022857011 ag 075210 és sive (4) = ™s om no om 1% a8 an = Tim psing becom e353 2 assay 2B = ‘ioe 00) 5 Ea gw) aad ae aa ae > Teal meatpasingthe 200m No 5) 50g 283m eee = We mS Bs ats 12s ans Se ‘Total materiel passing tie 1504um(No.100) S00 «287-235 gis, gah 037103 = see) a gatas a gages 5 Tealnablomsinehe7Sym(No.200) Ste Raat was OD a= see) = eee ieee ised eote aac ae = 112 Bias Because there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias inthis est aS tho, isis made method, no statement on bia is made. a 72, KEYWORDS : i tat Aeration = = ANNEX A = (@andatry ttormation) " AA. OVERLOAD DETERMINATION 7 3 ALA. Do not exceed a mass of 7 ke/m* (4 efit?) of sieving surface for sieves with openings smaller than 7: 1435 mm (No.4) atthe competion ofthe loving seers Sat Do not xed amass in ilograms ofthe produc of? 5x sev opening in mn) (feive ze sieving area) fr sieves with openings 4.75 mum (No. 4 and larger. This oes ooo ores Table A1.1 for five sieve-frame dimensions in ‘Common use, Do not cause permanent deformation of the sieve cloth due to overloading y Note At The 7 kyin? (4 gf.) amounts to 200g forth usual 205-mm (Bin) dameter seve > [with ‘effective or clear sieving surface diameter of 190.5 mm (7 '/ in.)] or 450 g for a 305. m (12-in.) diameter sieve [with effective or clear: ‘sieving surface diameter of 292.1 mm (11 Ys: in). ; ‘The amount of material rained ona sieve may be regulated ys (1) the mredactn Gta it rae openings immediatly above te given sew, @) teins the sample multe ) incrments, or (3 testing the sample over a nest of sieves with alter sleve-name dee son, ) ; TS1c TI78 AASHTO , (©2022 the American Associaton ef Ste Hihay and Timspertin fats ‘Alghs eseved Daan van eaeamanakndavetogunal.cer, ow =2 =i 61.94 LEG SA DE CV (0/0 Agr mised (0 179.61 nett ication Is Ie! TTSTpOBA ‘Table A1.1—Maximum Allowable Mass of Material Retained on a Sieve, ke ‘Nominal Dimensions of Seve" Siove 232mm, SA, —«BOAB mm, «3508350, 37D by 580, Opening Size i deb ais im an ‘Sieving Arca a ORAS 00457 0.0670 Dias 058 Samim) . © . . ra 100 man 4 in.) é ° : 306 39 20mm Gia) : . sa 26 aes 73mm Gian) . a6 6 230 405 eomm@'sin) ¢ 72 0 13 340 som @in) 36 57 a4 153 270 375mm(U'hin) 21 a 63 us 202 250mm( in) i 23 a " Bs 190mm Chia) 14 2 32 3B 102 125mm Chin) 0x0 in a 38 67 9.5mm (hin) o6r UW 16 29 51 475 mm (No.4) 033 ost om 13 26 + Seer tone cinencion a wh es SO Gams 10D m Saoy On mes 9B HE Gaby Foy TRO iia (60 tin sonia) “hese ss round sos isd ono fhe recto 127 em (In) et aa fam ame beac ASTACE ‘pr hr sar etree ese ch ate Samet ed a (note eve Sa Tae clnee sce tovag oa rede x) mee sn tam 10 mn). Se pred so mata it ng nee “Sevens vee a ell penis ns ae ed etn A2. TIME EVALUATION AA. ‘The minimum time requirement shall be evaluated for each shaker atleast annually by the following method: Aaa. ‘Shake the sample over nested sieves for approximately 10 min Note A2—If the sample material may be prone to degradation, reduce the initial shaling time in Section A2.1.1 to S min, and begin each recheck with a new sample, A212. Provide a smug-ftting pan and cover for each sieve and hold the items in a slightly inclined position in one hand. A2.1.3, Handshake each sieve continuously for 60 s by striking the side of the sieve sharply and with an ‘upward motion against the hee! ofthe other hand atthe rate of about 150 tmpes per min, turaing the sieve about one sixth ofa revolution at intervals of about 25 strokes, A22. {more than 0.5 perveat by mass of the total sample before sieving passes any sieve after one ‘minute of continuous hand sieving, adjust the shaker time and repeat Section A2.1. 23 In determining sieving time for seve sizes larger than 4.75 mm (No.4), limit the material on the sieve toa single layer of particles A24. Ifthe size of the mounted testing sieves makes the described sieving motion impractical, use 203-mm (8-in.) diameter sieves to verify the adequacy of sieving. A258. Ifthe mass retained on any sieve exceeds the maximum allowable mass per Table A1.1, select a different sample and repeat Section A2. TSte THs ‘ARSHTO ‘© 2072ty the American Associton of State Hishvay and Transporation Oficial All ih reserved Duplication veaton of applic ny." Similar but not identical © Tie THA a (©2002 by the American Asvocation of Sa ihay end Transportation Oaks All ight eed. Duplication is viltion espe aw a2 = = = = = = _