ASMTower 2018 User - S Manual V1.0

Copyright 2018 by ASM technologies, all rights reserved.
No portion of the contents of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any means
without the express written permission of ASM technologies.
The software can be installed on any number of computers. However the number of users of the
software at the same time must not exceed the number of licenses purchased. No re-sale, lease
or assignment of the Software to another party without the written permission from ASM
Technologies and May only used by someone/company who has purchased.
2 ASMTower 2018 User’s manual

Contents
1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 RESPONSIBILITY ............................................................................................................................... 5
2 INSTALLING GUIDE .................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 INSTALLING REQUIREMENT ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Hardware Lock ............................................................................................................................ 6
2.2 INSTALLING ASMTOWER ....................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 UN-INSTALLING ASMTOWER ............................................................................................................... 10
3 GETTING STARTED ................................................................................................................................ 11
3.1 TOP TAB .......................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1.1 Home ........................................................................................................................................ 12
3.1.2 Setting ...................................................................................................................................... 12
3.1.3 Database .................................................................................................................................. 18
3.1.4 Help .......................................................................................................................................... 19
3.2 BASIC INPUT GRID .............................................................................................................................. 19
3.3 PRESENTATION TAB ............................................................................................................................ 20
3.3.1 3D view ..................................................................................................................................... 20
3.3.2 Design drawing ......................................................................................................................... 20
3.3.3 Design result ............................................................................................................................. 21
3.3.4 Deformation ............................................................................................................................. 22
3.4 ERRORS PANEL .................................................................................................................................. 22
4 GEOMETRY............................................................................................................................................ 23
4.1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 23
4.2 LATTICED PANELS ............................................................................................................................... 23
4.2.1 Panel Geometry ........................................................................................................................ 23
4.2.2 Mast Section ............................................................................................................................. 27
4.2.3 Plan Bracing .............................................................................................................................. 29
4.2.4 Hip Bracing ............................................................................................................................... 31
4.2.5 Member Option......................................................................................................................... 34
4.2.6 Connection ................................................................................................................................ 37
4.2.7 Pole Parts.................................................................................................................................. 38
4.2.8 Tapered Pole ............................................................................................................................. 40
4.3 SELECTED SECTIONS ............................................................................................................................ 40
4.4 GUY GEOMETRY ................................................................................................................................ 41
4.5 STRUT GEOMETRY .............................................................................................................................. 46
4.5.1 Geometry .................................................................................................................................. 46
4.5.2 Option....................................................................................................................................... 47
4.5.3 Connection ................................................................................................................................ 48
4.6 LADDER GEOMETRY ............................................................................................................................ 48
4.7 BASE CONNECTION............................................................................................................................. 50
4.7.1 Connection Detail ...................................................................................................................... 51
4.7.2 Bolt Detail ................................................................................................................................. 52
4.7.3 Assembly Detail......................................................................................................................... 54

5 APPURTENANCE .................................................................................................................................... 57
5.1 TRANSMISSION LINES .......................................................................................................................... 57
5.2 PANEL ANTENNA ................................................................................................................................ 59
5.3 MICROWAVE ANTENNA ....................................................................................................................... 62
5.4 GENERIC APPURTENANCE..................................................................................................................... 62
5.5 CONCENTRATED FORCE ........................................................................................................................ 63
5.6 CONCENTRATED AREA ......................................................................................................................... 65
6 WIND LOADING..................................................................................................................................... 67
6.1 DESIGN CODE DATA ............................................................................................................................ 67
6.2 ANSI/TIA-222-G ............................................................................................................................. 67
6.3 ANSI/TIA-222-H ............................................................................................................................. 70
6.4 ADJUSTMENT FACTORS ........................................................................................................................ 74

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
ASMTower is general-purpose modeling, analysis and design software created specifically for
communications towers using the TIA-222-G or TIA-222-H Standards,
ASMTower can analyze and design the following types of structures
• Self-supporting tower.
• Guyed-tower.
• Tower with struts.
• Self-supporting monopole (tapered/stepped).
• Guyed pole.
• Pole with struts.
n
ASMTower calculates automatically wind load, ice load and dead load on steel members, panel
antenna, MW antenna, mounts, transmission line, ladders, safety system, generic effective
projected.
ASMTower includes the following types of analysis methods and the appropriate method is
chosen directly
• Linear analysis.
• P-Delta analysis.
• Cable analysis.
ASMTower generate Comprehensive report in rich text format (*.rtf). This format can be
opened by much software like Microsoft office.
1.2 RESPONSIBILITY
ASMTower will assist the user in designing the towers, monopoles, guyed mast and others, but
the user should be familiar with the codes used in the design, and has the sufficient experience
and knowledge. Much effort has been made to reach the best results, but errors may exist in this
publication or in the software. The interpretation and use of the software results is the
responsibility of the user alone and ASM Technologies makes no guarantees concerning
accuracy of the information found here or in the use to ASMTower.

2 INSTALLING GUIDE
2.1 INSTALLING REQUIREMENT

ASMTower requires the following:
1. Supported operating system Windows Vista SP2, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8,

Windows 8.1Windows 10.
2. Microsoft Net framework 4.5.2, ASMTower setup will check that it’s already
installed. If not installed, ASMTower will download it from Microsoft website and
will install it.
3. Hardware lock.
2.1.1 HARDWARE LOCK

ASMTower is usually supplied with a hardware lock that must be attached to the computer
into USB port before you can start the program. Three color of the lock may differ than below
based on type of the license.
Figure 1 Hardware lock (USB)
2.2 INSTALLING ASMTOWER

The deliver CD contains a setup program that runs automatically when you insert the CD. If the
setup program does not start automatically, open CD drive and double click on the setup
program to install ASMTower on the computer.

Figure 2 First setup screen shows welcome message
Click by the mouse on next button in the first screen. Now second screen is showing the
license agreement. User need to fully agree with all licensee agreement points. To agree, press
on the radio button name ‘I agree’ then press next button to get the third screen.
Figure 3 Second setup screen shows the need of license agreement
In the third screen, enter the user name and the organization name then press next button
to get the fourth screen.

Figure 4 Third screen shows the customer information
In the fourth screen choose the folder where you desire to put setup files for ASMTower. The
default is ‘Program files’ of the windows. Press the next button to get the fifth screen.
Figure 5 Fourth screen shows the setup location

In the sixth screen press the next button to confirm start of setup process.

Figure 6 Fifth screen shows the confirm message
In some cases, the user may be asked to give the required permissions for setup program.
Now the sixth screen appeared and shows the status of the setup progress.
Figure 7 Sixth screen shows status of the setup progress

Congratulations. You finished the installation and press close button to close the last screen. You
have shortcut for the program at the desktop and in the start menu.

Figure 8 Seventh screen shows the complete of installation
2.3 UN-INSTALLING ASMTOWER

Follow the below steps to un-install ASMTower:
1. Choose Add/remove programs from control panel

2. Select ASMTower
3. Press un-install and follow the instructions.
Un-installing process will remove all files and registry data that were installed by setup
program. However any files that were created after installing ASMTower needs to be removed
manually.

3 GETTING STARTED
The layout of the main screen in ASMTower consists mainly from four components. The
below figure shows the following four components:
1. Top tab
2. Basic input grid
3. Presentation tab
4. Errors panel
These four components will be explained through this chapter.
Figure 9 Layout of ASMTower
3.1 TOP TAB

The top tab offers the following groups:
1. Home
2. Setting
3. Database
4. Help
Each group will be explained in detail showing components inside them.

3.1.1 HOME
In this group, user can start new project, save a project, save as a project, update the 3D
view with last changes in the input, running the analysis, generate an output report, export
analysis model Staad Pro or Sap2000, save the design drawing in DXF format, export tower to
TEKLA to perform the shop drawing and define the project information which will be presented
in the output report.
Figure 10 Home group in the top tab
3.1.2 SETTING
In this group, user can customize the units, output report, and coloring of the tower/monopole
members, specify analysis option, export the data base, import the data base and animation
options.
Figure 11 Setting group in the top tab
3.1.2.1 UNITS
User can adjust the units for any input/output from this dialog. For each unit, user can specify
the number of decimal in the number. User can save/load this setting and also can share the
settings with others.

Figure 12 Available units and precession in the units dialog
3.1.2.2 REPORT
User can sort, remove and add any paragraph/table from the output report. Also report
setting can be exported or imported to allow sharing the setting with other users. To remove or
add any table from the output report, user needs to check/uncheck the box behind the
paragraph name. Select any paragraph name and press up or down button to sort the report.
When desire editing is completed, press Apply or Ok button to make these setting active for the
next report generation.

Figure 13 customize the output report through report option
3.1.2.3 COLOR
ASMTower allows the user to change any color in the 3D model. Just press on the color
button for an entity to change its color. Uncheck the box behind the entity will remove it from
the 3D model. User can specify an elevation domain that only entities or elements located inside
this domain which will be shown in the 3D view. User can edit the color of the design
presentation with its concurrent utilizations ratios through this dialog.

Figure 14 Color dialog to adjust the appearance of the software
3.1.2.4 ANALYSIS OPTION
Figure 15 Analysis and modeling options
Ignore redundant : If checked, ASMTower will not consider any members of the
bracing in FEA secondary bracing during generation the analytical model used

in the finite element analysis. However dead and wind load due
to these members will be considered in the finite element
analysis either this option is checked or not.
Ignore hip bracing : If checked, ASMTower will not consider any members for the hip
in FEA bracing during generation the analytical model used in the finite
element analysis. However dead load due to these members will
be considered in the finite element analysis either this option is
checked or not.
Ignore plan bracing : If checked, ASMTower will not consider any members for the
in FEA plan bracing during generation the analytical model used in the
finite element analysis. However dead load due to these
members will be considered in the finite element analysis either
this option is checked or not.
Distributes : This option is very critical for lattice panels and describes how
appurtenance loads ASMTower deals with the weight or wind load from all
on appurtenances or ladders. It may affect tower deformation and
force distributions in tower members based on the condition of
structure and loads.
• Auto detect when is chosen, the wind/weight calculated

from the appurtenance will be distributed on by a smart
algorithm that will make nearest leg from the
appurtenance will carry load more than other legs.
However, addition loads will be applied by ASMTower to
consider the eccentricity of the appurtenance from the
nearest leg.
• All tower leg when is chosen, the wind/weight
calculated from the appurtenance will be distributed on
all tower legs. However, addition loads will be applied by
ASMTower to consider the eccentricity of the
appurtenance from center of the tower.
Modeling overlap : This option is very critical for pole parts when overlapped and
region describes how ASMTower deals with the region of overlaps. Five
options are available for both analysis model and design of
sections at overlap region.
• Bottom part, when is chosen the thickness of the bottom

part at each overlap region will be considered.
• Top part, when is chosen the thickness of the top part at
each overlap region will be considered.
• Maximum of both, when is chosen the maximum
thickness of either the bottom part or top part at each
overlap region will be considered.
• Minimum of both, when is chosen the minimum
thickness of either the bottom part or top part at each

• Sum of both, when is chosen the summation of the two
thickness of the bottom part and the top part at each
Analysis criteria : User can define type of analysis that ASMTower will consider
during the analysis.
• Linear analysis is the fastest method and can be used
when the structure is not sensitive for second order
effects. Also may be used in the preliminary design.
Structures with cables cannot be analyzed by this type.
• P-Delta analysis is required by the design codes for
many types of structures. It considers the secondary
effect from loads due to geometry deformations. Also
structure with cable shall be analyzed using this type;
therefore guyed towers are analyzed using p-delta even
linear analysis is chosen.
• Automatic choose according to design code will
determine the type of analysis that is required by the
design code for the modeled structure.
Because P-Delta analysis is done using iterative procedures, the

maximum number of iterations is needed to stop the analysis in
case that no solution was found. At every iterations of the
analysis, the relative change in the structure deformation and in
the unbalanced forces is calculated and compared to
convergence tolerance factor. A solution is found the relative
change is less than the convergence tolerance factor.
3.1.2.5 EXPORT DB
Press export DB button to save the database to a specified location to backup it or share it with
others.
3.1.2.6 IMPORT DB
Press import DB button to import the database from a specified location.
3.1.2.7 ANIMATION

Figure 16 Option of animation after running the analysis
3.1.3 DATABASE
In this group, user can add, update and delete any items to the database. ASMTower is supplied
with a database for the following:
1. Panel antenna
2. Microwave dishes
3. Mount
4. Feed lines
5. Feeder cluster
6. Materials
7. Bolt Materials
8. Sections that include :
a. Equal angle.
b. Unequal angle.
c. Schifflerized (60° angle).
d. Channel.
e. Pipe.
f. HSS.
g. Solid rounds.
9. Guy wires.

Figure 17 Database of the software
3.1.4 HELP
In this group, user can press about button to get information about the current installed
version and to view license. Help button is used to open the user’s manual.
Figure 18 Help and software version
3.2 BASIC INPUT GRID

In this tab, user defines all data of the tower/monopole. The tab consists mainly from four
groups that will be explained clearly in the following chapters. The four groups are:
1. Geometry
2. Appurtenance
3. Wind loading
4. Foundation’
Figure 19 Basic input panel

3.3 PRESENTATION TAB
3.3.1 3D VIEW
In the 3D view tab, ASMTower builds a full 3D view for structure members, ladder, panel
antenna, and microwave antenna and transmission lines. User can rotate, move and zoom
in/out the view by mouse or by click the left buttons. Following is the mouse actions:
• Right click and move the mouse continuously to rotate the view.
• Left click and move the mouse continuously to move the view.
• Rotate the mouse scroll to zoom in/out the view.
User can also click button named ‘Screen Shot’ to take a screen shoot for the current view and
store the resulting picture in the same path where the model file is saved and the last file
location if the model is not saved yet.
Figure 20 the 3D view in ASMTower
3.3.2 DESIGN DRAWING

In the design drawing tab, ASMTower generates a design drawing for the structure showing
tower geometry, member profiles, elevations and tower face width. To get the drawing in DXF
format, click Export DXF in top Tab/Home

Figure 21 Design drawing viewer in ASMTower
3.3.3 DESIGN RESULT

In design result tab, the design result for each segments of the tower is drawn with colors based
on usage ration of each member and the chosen color criteria. User can choose to colors present
usage ratio for compression design, tension design, bolt design or maximum of the three. To
change the colors or usage ratios concurrent with colors, go to top tab/setting/colors.
The tower is divided into many segments based on levels used in ‘Lattice Panels/Panel section’
and pole part definitions.
Figure 22 Graphical presentations for design results

3.3.4 DEFORMATION
In deformation tab, three charts are drawn to present the structure deflection, tilt and twist. The
three charts can be drawn based on maximum results from all service combination or based on
any other chosen combination.
Figure 23Graphical presentations for structure deformations

3.4 ERRORS PANEL
This panel shows the list of input errors if existed. user can change its height by position mouse
at its top till the curse of the mouse is changed, then press on the mouse and move up/down to
increase/decrease panel height.
By double click on any error from the list of the errors; the window that contains the wrong
input will be opened.
For each error in the list, following information are presented:
1. “# of 2” indicates the number of each error of total number of errors.
2. Location describes the name of the dialog which the wrong input is entered.
3. Row shows the number of the row where is the wrong input is entered.
4. Column shows the number of the column where is the wrong input is entered.
5. Description shows addition information about the wrong input.
Figure 24 Errors panel

4 GEOMETRY
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The geometry group is shown Figure 25. It consists of the
following:
• Lattice Panels is used to define geometry, profiles,
member options and connections for latticed panels.
• Pole Parts is used to define geometry, profiles, member
options and connections for pole parts.
• Selected Sections is used to choose profiles with its
associated materials that will be used in either latticed
panels or ladder.
• Guy Geometry is used to define guy wires for guyed
structures.
• Strut is used to define geometry, profiles, design options
and connections for struts.
• Ladder Geometry is used to define ladders, safety
climbing systems or step bolts.
• Base Connection is used to define a connection with
foundation under any of tower/pole legs, guywire base or
strut base.
4.2 LATTICED PANELS
4.2.1 PANEL GEOMETRY

The latticed panels of tower geometry are defined in mast
geometry dialog. Each row in the dialog defines group of panels
that has a similar panel type, subdivide and panel height. Figure 25 Geometry group panel

Figure 26 User interface for panel geometry input
Base width : The width at bottom of latticed panels.

Base elevation : The level at bottom of latticed panels.
No of leg : Is number of leg per tower.
Top elevation : The level at top of current group of panels. If the value is left
blank, software will calculate assuming single panel at each
group.
Panel type : Type of bracing for current group of panels. Type may be A , X , V
, S and Z.
Subdivide : Number of sub-horizontals in each panel in the current group.
For panel type A or type V, can be zero by any positive number.
For X panel type, can be any odd numbers like as 0, 1, 3 , 5 or L/U
where L is number of sub- horizontals in lower panel-part and U
is for upper part.
For S and Z panel types, the number is ignored.
Top width : The width at top of current group of panels. If the value is left
blank, software will calculate assuming same slope.
Panel height : The height of panel in current group of panels. If the value is left
blank, software will calculate assuming same slope.

Figure 27 Elevation of latticed panels
Figure 28 Type of tower based on number of leg

Figure 29 Subdivide examples for panel type equals A
Figure 30 Subdivide examples for panel type equals V

Figure 31 Subdivide examples for panel type equals X
Figure 32 Panel type Z and type S
4.2.2 MAST SECTION

The profiles of members used in latticed panels’ face are defined in mast section dialog. Each
row in the dialog defines a group of panels that has similar profiles.

Figure 33 User interface for panel section
Top elevation : The level at top of current group of panels.

Main leg : Define a profile for the main leg using single-section number*.
Can’t be empty or zero.
Main diagonal : Define a profile for the main diagonal using single-section
number*. Can’t be empty or zero.
Main horizontal : Define a profile for the main horizontal using single section-
number*. Equals zero if no horizontal in current section,
Sub diagonal : Define a profile for sub-diagonals using single-section number*
or multi-section number**. In a multi-section number the
definition starts from bottom sub-diagonal to top one. Can be left
empty in case of no sub-diagonal in current section.
Sub horizontal : Define a profile for sub-horizontals using single-section number*

or multi-section number**. In a multi-section number the
definition starts from bottom sub-horizontal to top one. Can be
left empty in case of no sub-diagonal in current section.
Hip bracing : Choose the name of hip bracing from list of bracing that are
defined through hip bracing dialog.
Comments : Comments for the user and is not required by software.
* Single-section number:
The number of a profile in the selected section list, if single number is used, then all members is
assigned to have same profile
** Multi-section number:

Multi-section number can be used if all members don’t have same profile. Sample of multi-
section numbering: 1, 1,2,1,1 (or 2*1, 2, 2*1). This means first two members will be assigned to
profile number 1 while the third will be assigned to “2”, the 4th will be assigned to 1 and the 5th
(and any other reaming sub-diagonals) will be assigned to 1
Figure 34 Definition of members in panels with & A and V and numbering sequence
Figure 35 Definition of members in panels with type X & Z and numbering sequence
4.2.3 PLAN BRACING

The plan bracing systems are usually used to provide support to main horizontal out of the
tower face and may be used also to provide twist stability the structure. Plan bracing system can
be defined to top of a panel with any type. Moreover panel with type X can has addition plan
bracing at a level of the intersection point of the main diagonals.

Figure 36 User interface for plan bracing
Elevation : The level where the plan bracing is installed. The plan bracing
can be added at top of any latticed panel. Addition it can be
installed at main diagonal intersection of a panel with type X.
Bracing Type : The type of bracing. For the shapes of the available types, see
below figures.
Element size : Define profiles for the plan bracing using either single-section
number or multi-section number as described in mast section
dialog. In a multi-section number the definition starts as
sequence shown in below figures.

PLX PL1A PL2A PL3S
PL3V PP4 PD1
PT2 PTT
Figure 37 Types of plan bracing and numbering sequence for multi-section
4.2.4 HIP BRACING

The hip bracing systems are usually used to provide support to main diagonal out of the tower
face and may be used also to provide a vertical support to the plan bracing. Hip bracing system
can be defined to any panel with type A, V or X.

Figure 38 User interface for hip bracing
Name : The names that will be appear in hip bracing list at mast section.
Any name shall not be used more than once.
Bracing type : The type of hip bracing. Default type HK can be used in either A ,
V or X panel.
Elements size : Define profiles for the hip bracing using single-section number
or multi-section number as described in mast section dialog. In a
multi-section number the definition starts from bottom sub-
diagonal to top one (use sequence shown in below figure). Can
be left empty in case of no sub-diagonal in current section.
Number of diagonal : Define number of segments with diagonals bracing. See below
bracing figure for more clarifications.
Number of : Define number of segments with triangular bracing. See below

triangular bracing figure for more clarifications.

PLAN BRACING
ING
AC
BR
HIP
Figure 39 Hip bracing for panel with type A
PLAN BRACING
ING
AC
BR
HIP
Figure 40 Hip bracing for panel with type V

Figure 41 Hip bracing for panel with type X
4.2.5 MEMBER OPTION

4.2.5.1 MAIN LEG
Some options can be assigned to the main leg at a specified region. If no option is assigned to the
panel, the default value will be assumed.
Figure 42 User interface for main leg options

Bottom elevation : The bottom level of a group of panels that some options will be
assigned to.
Top elevation : The top level of a group of panels that some options will be
assigned to.
Stitch type : Used for built-up members. Three type of stitch is available.
Using ANSI/TIA-222-G
Type 1: End connection is welded or multi-bolt with
intermediate bolt connector. (Clause 4.5.3.a.i in TIA)
Type 2: End connection is welded or multi-bolt with
intermediate welded connector. (Clause 4.5.3.a.ii in TIA)
Type 3: End connection is single bolt. (Clause 4.5.3.b in TIA)
Using ANSI/TIA-222-H
Type 1: Either end or intermediate connector are snug tight
with a minimum of a two connector over out-of-plane buckling
length.(Clause 4.5.3.1 in TIA)
Type 2: When both end and intermediate connector are welded
or pretension bolt connection. (Clause 4.5.3.2 in TIA)
Type 3: all other cases. (Clause 4.5.3.3 in TIA)
Stitch bolt spacing : The spacing between intermediate connecters in the built-up
sections.
Stitch bolt dividing : A multiplier factor of the in plane buckling length to get the
spacing between intermediate connecters in the built-up section.
The spacing used in the design = maximum of
Stitch bolt spacing.
Stitch bolt dividing x maximum in-plane buckling length
Lin : If equals zero, the in-plane bucking length will be calculated
automatic. Otherwise, the input value will be used.
Lout : If equals zero, the out-of-plane bucking length will be calculated
automatic. Otherwise, the input value will be used.
Kin : If equals zero, the effective length factor for the in-plane bucking
will be calculated automatic. Otherwise, the input value will be
used.
Kout : If equals zero, the effective length factor for the out-of-plane
bucking will be calculated automatic. Otherwise, the input value
will be used.
U net area : A reduction factor to calculate the effective net area that is used
reduction factor in the member tension check.
Net area deduct : If equals zero, the total width of bolt holes that is used in the net
width width calculation will be estimated automatic. The net area
subject to tension equals gross area – deduct width x member

thickness.
The automatic deduct width equals 2x(bolt diameter + 2mm) for
main leg and equals 1x(bolt diameter + 2mm) for other
members.
4.2.5.2 DIAGONAL AND HORIZONTAL
Some options are allowed to be assigned to the main diagonal/horizontal at any specified
region. If no option is assigned to the panel, the default value will be assumed. The available
options are typical to main leg options except following addition options.
Figure 43 User interface for main diagonal/horizontal options
Twist angle : The profile rotation around its longitudinal axis with a specified
angle.
Connected through : Shall equals Yes if the main diagonal/horizontal is not connected
guest plate to the main leg directly, otherwise value shall equals No. when
the value equals yes, the main diagonal/horizontal is assumed to
be unrestrained in the out-of-plane even multi bolt or weld
connection is assigned at end.
Round bracing : Effective when the panel has round bracing members like pipes
connection type or solid round profiles.
1. CUTEND when the panel type is Z or S and the bracing is
cut at ends.
2. BENTCONT when the panel type is Z or S and the bracing
is bent and continuous at ends.
3. XCUTEND when the panel type is X , the bracing is cut at
ends and concentric at center point
4. XLAYERED when the panel type is X, the bracing is
continuous layered and connected at center point.

4.2.6 CONNECTION
4.2.6.1 MAIN LEG
Figure 44 User interface for main leg connections
Elevation : The absolute elevation where the splice is located.
Connection type : Three types of connection is available:

• Flange: All bolts are checked to carry a tension force
equals to a tension force in the member.
• SLEEVE DS: All bolts are checked to carry a shear force
equals to a maximum of compression or tension force in
the member. Bolt capacity is calculated based on double
plane of shear.
• SLEEVE SS: similar to SLEEVE DS except that bolt
capacity is calculated based on single plane of shear.
Number of bolts : The number of bolts that are used in the calculation of
connection capacity. If number equals zero, connection assumed
to be welded and is not checked. If number equals one, member
is assumed to be unrestrained at the end, otherwise is assumed
to be restrained.
i.e. For splice of main leg with angle profile , number is equals
number of bolts at each side from splice center (one-half of total
number of bolts)
Bolt diameter : Diameter of bolt.
End distance : Distance from center of bolt to end of member in the direction of
member’s longitudinal axis. In the calculation of bearing capacity
of bolts, two bolts are assumed to have end distance for case of

main leg and one bolt for all other cases.
Spacing : Distance from center of bolt to center of the nearest bolt in the
direction of member’s longitudinal axis. In the calculation of
bearing capacity of bolts, all bolts are assumed to have spacing
distance except bolts that were used with end distance.
Bolt grade : Name of a bolt grade from defined list in the database.
Threads in shear : Value can be YES/NO. If yes, the bolt shear capacity is reduced
plane due to reduction of area at threads. YES can be used as a
conservative choice suitable for all cases.
4.2.6.2 DIAGONAL
Define a connection for the main diagonal with parameters as described above in 4.2.6.1
except that the connection can be assigned to group of panels by specifying bottom level and top
level instead of single level.
4.2.6.3 HORIZONTAL
Define a connection for the main horizontals with parameters as described above in 4.2.6.2 .
4.2.6.4 SECONDARY DIAGONAL
Define a connection for the secondary diagonals with parameters as described above
in 4.2.6.2 .
4.2.6.5 SECONDARY HORIZONTAL
Define a connection for the secondary horizontals with parameters as described above
in 4.2.6.2 .
4.2.7 POLE PARTS

4.2.7.1 STRAIGHT POLE
The geometry of straight pole parts is defined in straight pole dialog. Each row in the dialog
defines a part of the pole.

Figure 45 User interface for straight pole
Base elevation : The level at bottom of pole parts.

Top elevation : The level at top of current part. If the value is empty, software
will calculate it based on length of parts.
Length : Length of the part.
No. of sides : Number of sides of part. Values can be Round, 8,12,16,18 or 20.
Diameter : Diameter of the part.
Wall thickness : Thickness of the part.
Bend radius : Minimum bend radius used for polygonal shafts. A value of four
times the thickness can be assumed.
Material grade : Name of a material grade from defined list in the database.

4.2.8 TAPERED POLE
Figure 46 User interface for tapered pole
Base elevation : The level at bottom of pole parts.

Top elevation : The level at top of current part. If the value is left blank, software
will calculate it based on length of parts.
Length : The Length of the part includes overlap length if existed.
Bottom overlap : The overlap length with the previous part. The value shall equal
length zero for first part. For other parts, a flange connection is
assumed if value equals zero.
No. of sides : Number of sides of part. Values can be Round, 8,12,16,18 or 20.
Top diameter : The diameter at the top of the part. If the value is left blank,
software will calculate it based on length of parts.
Bottom diameter : The diameter at the bottom of the part. If the value is left blank,
software will calculate.
Wall thickness : The thickness of the part.
Bend radius : The minimum bend radius used for polygonal shafts. A value of
four times the thickness can be assumed.
Material grade : Name of a material grade from defined list in the database.
4.3 SELECTED SECTIONS

The list of profiles associated with material and built-up configuration is chosen from the
data base to be used at latticed panel sections and ladder/strut geometry. This list can be
imported/exported at any time.
Figure 47 User interface for selected sections
4.4 GUY GEOMETRY
Figure 48 User interface for guy geometry
Elevation of attach : Installation level of the guy wire on the tower measured from
zero level.

Elevation of base : Base level of the guy wire measured from the zero level.
Radius of base : Horizontal distance between tower center and base of the wire.
Profile : Name of a wire profile from defined list in the database.
Offset type : A parameter used to define arrangement of the wire and can has
one of the following values:
Single leg: defining a single wire that is oriented in the direction
from tower center toward tower leg.
Single face: defining a single wire that is oriented in the
direction from tower center toward center of tower face.
Double face: defining two wires that are oriented in the
Note: Only single leg is allowed for pole. An imaginary 3-leg
tower with legs located at pole diameter is used to define
parameters.
Leg of face ID : The leg/face ID of the tower, in which the rope will be installed
and turned towards.
Horizontal offset : The horizontal offset from tower leg/face to attachment point in
the direction from tower center toward Leg (or center of tower
face).Used only for pole parts.
Lateral offset : Can be used in three situations as following:

• Tower with offset type ‘Single face’: defining a horizontal
offset of wire attachment point in direction of tower face
measured from center point of the face.
• Tower with offset type ‘Double face’: defining a
horizontal offset of wire attachment point in direction of
tower face measured from tower legs.
• Pole parts: defining the horizontal offset from an
imaginary leg/face to attachment point in a direction
perpendicular to horizontal offset.
Azimuth : Rotate the base of the guy wires around the center of the tower
adjustment clockwise.
Initial tension : Percentage ratio of the initial tension force in each guy wire to
its breaking force, default value is 10%.
Efficiency : The end fitting efficiency percentage factor is used to reduce the
manufacturer’s rated breaking strength of the guy wire, default
75% is conservative assumed.

Horizontal profile : Defining a horizontal member in the tower using single section
and positioned to the level of wire attachment. If a horizontal
member is already existed, then overwrite its profile ID. Using a
horizontal profile is a must for offset type single face and double
face. Case of pole it will be disregarded.
Base connection : Defining a base connection for current guy wire and any other
name wire that is connected to same wire base. Need to define base
connection before to be used here.
Figure 49 Elevation of tower with guy wire

Figure 50 Guy wire arrangement with type: Single Leg
Figure 51 Guy wire arrangement with type: Single Face

Figure 52 Guy wire arrangement with type: Double Face
Figure 53 Definitions of Leg and faces ID for both lattice panels and tubular pole

4.5 STRUT GEOMETRY
4.5.1 GEOMETRY
Figure 54 User interface for strut geometry
Elevation of attach : Installation level of the strut on the tower measured from zero
level.
Elevation of base : Base level of the strut measured from the zero level.
Radius of base : Horizontal distance between tower center and base of the strut.
Profile : Name of a wire profile from defined list in the database.
Offset type : A parameter used to define arrangement of the struts and can
has one of the following values:
Single leg: defining a single strut that is oriented in the direction
from tower center toward tower leg, see figures in guy
geometry.
Single face: defining a single strut that is oriented in the
Double face: defining two struts that are oriented in the
Note: Only single leg is accepted in case of a pole and can be
considered as pole is an imaginary 3-leg tower with legs located
at pole diameter.
Leg of face ID : The leg/face ID of the tower, in which the strut will be installed
and turned towards.
Horizontal offset : The horizontal offset from tower leg/face to attachment point in
the direction from tower center toward Leg (or center of tower
face).Used only for pole parts.
Lateral offset : Can be used in three situations as following:
1. Tower with offset type ‘Single face’: defining an offset of
strut attachment point in direction of tower face measured
from center point of the face.
2. Tower with offset type ‘Double face’: defining an offset of

strut attachment point in direction of tower face measured
from tower legs.
3. Pole parts: defining an offset from an imaginary leg/face to
attachment point in a direction perpendicular to horizontal
offset.
Azimuth : Rotate the base of the strut around the center of the tower
adjustment clockwise.
Horizontal profile : Defining a horizontal member in the tower using single section
located at level of wire attachment. If a horizontal member is
already existed, then overwrite its profile ID. Using a horizontal
profile is a must for offset type single face and double face. Case
of pole it will be disregarded. Can be zero value if it isn’t
required to define a horizontal.
Option name : Assign an option for current strut from list of strut options that
will be defined later in strut option to be used here. If no option
is assigned to the strut, the default values will be assumed. Can
be left blank if it isn’t required to design the connection.
Connection name : Assign a connection for current strut from list of strut
connections that will be defined later in strut connection. Can
be left blank if it isn’t required to design the connection.
Base connection : Defining a base connection for current strut and any other strut
name that is connected to same strut base. Need to define base
connection in base connection first to be used here.
4.5.2 OPTION
Define options for the strut with parameters as described above in 4.5.1.with a name to be used
in 4.5.1.
Figure 55 User interface for strut option

4.5.3 CONNECTION
Define a connection for the strut with parameters as described above in 4.2.6.2 with a name to
be used in 4.5.1.
Figure 56 User interface for strut connection

4.6 LADDER GEOMETRY
Figure 57 User interface for ladder geometry
Bottom elevation : Bottom level where the ladder is started.
Top elevation : Top level where the ladder is ended.
Bottom radius : Horizontal distance between tower center and center of the
ladder measured at bottom elevation.

Bottom azimuth The angle is measured clockwise between the global x-axis and
the imaginary line outside the center of the tower to the center
of the ladder measured at bottom elevation.
Top radius : Similar to bottom radius but measure at top elevation instead of
bottom.
Top azimuth Similar to bottom azimuth but measure at top elevation instead
of bottom.
Orientation : The angle is measured clockwise between the global x-axis and
the imaginary line outside the middle of the ladder and
perpendicular to ladder face.
Clear width : Clear distance between ladder rails.
Step spacing : Distance between centers of the rungs.
Section rail : Define a profile for the rail using single-section number. Can be
empty or zero to avoid defining a rail.
Single-section number is defined in 4.2.2.
Section rung : Define a profile for the rungs using a single-section number. Can
be empty or zero to avoid defining rungs.
Section safety : Define a profile for the safety system using a single-section
number. Can be empty or zero to avoid defining a safety system.
Figure 58 Definition of azimuth and radius for ladder

Figure 59 Example on ladder configuration at different structures.
4.7 BASE CONNECTION

In the base connection, user can define any arrangement of anchor bolts to be defined under
tower legs, monopole base, struts or guy wires.
Delete : Delete the base connection which is selected in the left list of
names.
Add : Add a new base connection with the current defined values to
the left list.
Update : Update the base connection which is selected in the left list of
names with the current defined values.
Reset Clear all input values.

4.7.1 CONNECTION DETAIL
Figure 60 User interface for connection detail in base connection
Connection name : Choose a suitable name that will be used to define the
connection and will be shown in the output report. Name cannot
be used for more than one base connection.
Use this connection : If it is checked, current connection will be used as a master

at tower support connection used under the tower/pole. Only one connection can
be checked on.
Centre of tower : Define the direction of the connection by defining the imaginary
direction line between the connection and the center of the tower. If
connection located under pole, then it is defining the direction of
global X-axis above the connection.
Base plate shape The shape of base plate can be rectangular or circular.
Width : Width of the base plate.

Height Height of the base plate.
Leg C.G X-Coord : The local x-coordinate where the reaction force will be applied
on the connection. i.e. if a connection under the main leg with an
angle profile, then it’s the location of the center of gravity of for
the angle.
Leg C.G Z-Coord : The local z-coordinate where the reaction force will be applied
on the connection.

Bolt C.G X-Coord : It is the local x-coordinate of the center of gravity for all bolts
and is calculated by the software based on the entered bolt
arrangement.
Bolt C.G Z-Coord : It is the local z-coordinate of the center of gravity for all bolts
and is calculated by the software
Type of bolt : Calculating force distribution in group of anchor bolts can be
analysis based on elastic or plastic analysis. Plastic analysis requires that
any anchor bolt can reach yielding without any failure due to
anchor development in the concrete. Usually elastic analysis can
be chosen as conservative choice.
Use of grout under : Choosing if a grout is used under the base plate.
base plate In TIA-222-G if grout is used, then compression force applied on
connection will be carried through the gout and detail type B or
C is used based on length form concrete to bottom of leveling
nut. If no grout is used, classify connection as detail D, see figure
4.4 in TIA-222-G.
In TIA-222-H, grout will carry compression only if there is no
leveling nut under the base plate.
Use of leveling nut : Choose if a leveling nut is used under the base plate or not.
under base plate
Length from top of : This is the clear distance between is used in calculating the
concrete to bottom bending due to transfer the shear from the base plate the
of leveling nut concrete. In TIA-222-H, it is used in calculation buckling
capacity of the anchor and choosing the appreciate interaction
formula.
4.7.2 BOLT DETAIL

To define an arrangement of anchor bolt, it’s required to define for each bolt the diameter,
coordinates and the material. Each anchor can has its different parameters.to facilitate the
calculation of coordinates for each bolt, two predefined arrangement is added. First
arrangement is the circular arrangement by defining the pitch circular diameter and each
anchor diameter/ material. Second arrangement is the rectangular by defining the width/height
of the arrangement addition to each anchor diameter/material. Moreover, after entering all
inputs of the predefined arrangement, the arrangement is drawn at the top right part. Press add
button to fill the list of anchors with anchors in the predefined arrangement. Predefined
arrangement can be used more than once with different inputs at each once.

Figure 61 User interface for bolt detail in base connection
Bolt arrangement : Can be either of circular or rectangular arrangement.
Bolt diameter : Diameter of the current anchor based on the unthreaded

portion.
Bolt grade : The grade of the anchor material from list of bolt materials that
is predefined in the database.
No. in width Number of anchor in the direction of width. Minimum value

equals two.
No. in height : Number of anchor in the direction of height. Minimum value
equals two.
Width The width of the arrangement in the direction of local X-axis

when rectangular arrangement is chosen. If circular
arrangement is chosen, it represents the pitch circular diameter
for the arrangement.
Height : The height of the arrangement in the direction of local Z-axis

when rectangular arrangement is chosen.

Bolt List : 1. Diameter: diameter of the current anchor based on the
unthreaded portion.
2. X-Coord: the local x-coordinate of the current anchor.
3. Z-Coord: the local z-coordinate of the current anchor.
4. Bolt grade: the grade of the current anchor material from
list of bolt materials that is predefined in the database.
Bolt C.G X-Coord : It is the local x-coordinate of the center of gravity for all bolts
and is calculated by the software based on the entered bolt
arrangement.
Bolt C.G Z-Coord : It is the local z-coordinate of the center of gravity for all bolts
and is calculated by the software
Type of bolt : Calculating force distribution in group of anchor bolts can be
analysis based on elastic or plastic analysis. Plastic analysis requires that
any anchor bolt can reach yielding without any failure due to
anchor development in the concrete. Usually elastic analysis can
be chosen as conservative choice.
Use of grout under : Choosing if a grout is used under the base plate.
base plate In TIA-222-G if grout is used, then compression force applied on
connection will be carried through the gout and detail type B or
C is used based on length form concrete to bottom of leveling
nut. If no grout is used, classify connection as detail D, see figure
4.4 in TIA-222-G.
In TIA-222-H, grout will carry compression only if there is no
leveling nut under the base plate.
Use of leveling nut : Choose if a leveling nut is used under the base plate or not.
under base plate
Length from top of : This is the clear distance between is used in calculating the
concrete to bottom bending due to transfer the shear from the base plate the
of leveling nut concrete. In TIA-222-H, it is used in calculation buckling
capacity of the anchor and in choosing the appreciate interaction
formula.
4.7.3 ASSEMBLY DETAIL

The assembly detail used to define the required design parameter used in checking
development length of the anchor. If choosing to ignore development length check, there is no
requirement to fill any other data because that development length check will be ignored.

Figure 62 User interface for anchor assembly in base connection
Type of anchor : Four types are allowed as follows: deformed bar, headed anchor
development bolt, J-hook anchor and L-hook anchor.
Anchor bolt with a welded plate/nut casted into the concrete can
be classified as headed anchor.
Total anchor length : Total length of the anchor bolt including portion above concrete.
Length above top of : The length of portion above the concrete surface, the embedded
concrete length of the anchor bolt equals the total length minus length
above to of concrete.
Spacing between : Equals the maximum horizontal distance between the anchors
anchor and and the reinforcement bars used to transfer the vertical force
reinforcement from the anchors to the foundation.
a Presents the width of the hook for anchor type L-hook or J-hook
however presents the distance from bottom of the anchor to top
of the head casted into the concrete for headed anchor type.
b Presents the height of the hook for type J-hook and is not
required in all other types.
Reinforcement : Diameter of the vertical reinforcement that is used to transfer
diameter loads from anchor bolts.
Reinforcement Spacing based on center-to-center of the vertical reinforcements

spacing used for calculations of the development overlap required with
the anchor bolts.

Reinforcement side : Clear horizontal cover between vertical reinforcement and
cover concrete sides.
Reinforcement top : Clear vertical cover above vertical reinforcement and concrete
cover surface.
Reinforcement end : When it’s required to minimize the required anchor bolt length,
hook a hook for the vertical may be used to decrease required overlap
between anchors and the vertical reinforcements.
Reinforcement : The yielding strength of the vertical reinforcement into the

yield strength concrete.
Concrete : Equals the specified compressive strength of concrete after 28

compressive days based on the standard cylindrical test.
strength

5 APPURTENANCE
Tower or monopole can carry different types of appurtenances. ASMTower allowing the
following appurtenance types:
1. Transmission lines
2. Panel antenna
3. Microwave antenna
4. Generic appurtenance
5. Concentrated force
6. Concentrated area
Structure can carry many appurtenances with same/different types and ASMTower will
calculate the loading due to each one according to the chosen design code.
5.1 TRANSMISSION LINES
Figure 63 User interface for transmission lines
Bottom elevation : Bottom level where the transmission line is started.

Top elevation : Top level where the transmission line is ended.
Bottom radius : Horizontal distance between tower center and center of the
transmission line measured at bottom elevation.
Bottom azimuth The angle is measured clockwise between the global x-axis and
the imaginary line outside the center of the tower to the center
of the transmission line measured at bottom elevation.
Top radius : Similar to bottom radius but measure at top elevation instead of
bottom.
Top azimuth Similar to bottom azimuth but measure at top elevation instead
of bottom.

Orientation : The angle is measured clockwise between the global x-axis and
the imaginary line outside the middle of the transmission line
and perpendicular to transmission line face.
Cluster name : Define a profile for the transmission line from the predefined list
in the database.
Figure 64 Definition of azimuth and radius for transmission lines

Figure 65 Example on transmission lines configuration at different structures.
5.2 PANEL ANTENNA
Figure 66 User interface for panel antenna
Elevation : Installation level of the panel antenna based on center of the

mounting system measured from zero level.
Type of antenna : Name the antenna from the predefined list in the database. Can
be left blank to consider installed mount without antenna.
Type of mount : Name the mount from the predefined list in the database. Can be
left blank to consider installed antenna directly without mounts.
Quantity : Quantity of the antenna and mounts. Weight and wind load on
the antenna/mount are multiplied by this number.

Offset type : A parameter used to define arrangement of the antenna and can
has one of the following values:
From leg: defining an antenna that is oriented in the direction
from tower center toward tower leg and horizontal/lateral
offsets are measured from tower leg.
From face: defining an antenna that is oriented in the direction
from tower center toward center of tower face and
horizontal/lateral offsets are measured from center of tower
face, see xxx.
From centroid-leg: similar to above defined from leg except
that offset dimensions are measured relative to tower center.
From centroid-face: similar to above defined from face except
that offset dimensions are measured relative to tower center.
Stand-off left: defining an antenna that is oriented in the
direction of tower face from right leg toward left leg and
horizontal/lateral offsets are measured from left leg.
Stand-off right: defining an antenna that is oriented in the
direction of tower face from left leg toward right leg and
horizontal/lateral offsets are measured from right leg.
Note: left/right leg is determined at a point outside the tower

and looking at the direction of tower center.
Leg of face ID : The leg/face ID of the tower, in which the antenna will be
installed. Has the values ‘A’ , ‘B’ and ‘C’ for 3-leg towers or
monopoles and has a 4th value equals ‘D’ for 4-leg towers.
Horizontal offset : The horizontal offset from tower leg/face to attachment point of
the antenna (center of the back face of the antenna) in the
direction that the antenna is oriented toward.
Lateral offset : The offset from tower leg/face to attachment point of the
antenna (center of the back face of the antenna) in the
perpendicular direction to antenna orientation.
Vertical offset The vertical offset from center level of the mount to center level
of the antenna. Use positive value to give antenna height above
the mount.
Azimuth : Rotate the antenna/mount around the reference point (tower leg
adjustment or tower center) where offset dimensions were measured.
Tilt adjustment : Defining the angle between an imaginary array perpendicular to

font face of the antenna and a horizontal plane.

Clear spacing : Distance from the back of the antenna to center of main pipe in
the used mount.
Shielding factor Ka : The effective projected areas of the antenna and the mount are
multiplied by this factor. When value is entered as a zero, then
ASMTower will calculate its value based the chosen design code.
Figure 67 Offset measurements for offset type ‘from leg’

Figure 68 Offset measurements for offset type ‘from face’
5.3 MICROWAVE ANTENNA

The dish is defined in a manner similar to that of the panel antenna in 5.3 except that the name
of the dish is chosen from the list of dishes that is predefined in the database. Tilt is used to
define satellite microwave dishes that are usually are directed towards the satellites in the sky.
Figure 69 User interface for microwave antenna
5.4 GENERIC APPURTENANCE

In some cases, it’s required to define an appurtenance like a panel antenna or others through
defining its front/side effective projected area addition to its weight. The location and direction
of the appurtenance are defined in a manner similar to that was described for the panel antenna

in 5.3. This direction of the appurtenance is defined by the user and fixed regardless the wind
direction.
Figure 70 User interface for generic appurtenance
Elevation : Level of the appurtenance based on its center of the area.

(EPA)n : Effective projected area normal to the azimuth of the
appurtenance and equals summation of each front projected
area multiplied by its coefficient.
(EPA)t : Effective projected area parallel to the azimuth of the
appurtenance and equals summation of each side projected area
multiplied by its coefficient.
Down force : Un-factored weight of the appurtenance to be used in the dead

load case. +ve for gravity direction/
5.5 CONCENTRATED FORCE

Concentrated force is used to add an external load directly through the user. All forces are based
on un-factored values. All horizontal forces have non-fixed directions that are rotated with wind
direction. Definition of the position is in a manner similar to that was described for the panel
antenna in 5.3.

Figure 71 User interface for concentrated force
Elevation : Level of the applied force.
Force wind Dir. : Un-factored horizontal forces in the same direction of the wind
(Basic) will be added to all wind directions in the basic wind load case.
i.e. if wind direction is 180°,then direction of force will be –Fx
and will be +Fz for wind direction equals 270°.
Force : Un-factored horizontal forces in the perpendicular direction of
perpendicular to the wind will be added to all wind directions in the basic wind
wind (Basic) load case.
i.e. if wind direction is 180°,then direction of force will be +Fz
and will be -Fx for wind direction equals 270°.
Force wind Dir. : Similar to “Force wind Dir. (Basic)” except that the horizontal
(service) force will be added to the service wind load case.
Force : Similar to “Force perpendicular to wind (Basic)” except that the

perpendicular to horizontal force will be added to the service wind load case.
wind (service)
(Survival) force will be added to the survival wind load case.

perpendicular to horizontal force will be added to the survival wind load case.
wind (Survival)
(Iced) force will be added to the concurrent wind load case with ice.

perpendicular to horizontal force will be added to the concurrent wind load case
wind (Iced) with ice.
Down force : Un-factored force to be used in the dead load case. +ve for
gravity direction

5.6 CONCENTRATED AREA
Concentrated area is another option to define external loading through defining the effective
projected area directly. The main difference between generic appurtenance and concentrated
area can be summarized as following:
• Generic appurtenance has front and side effective projected areas that are aligned
to fixed direction regardless direction of the wind. ASMTower will calculate the final
effective projected area that will be different from wind direction to another based
on angle between wind the front direction.
• Concentrated area has two effective two effective projected areas. One in direction
of the wind however the second is perpendicular to wind direction. Whatever is the
wind direction; the first area is concurrent with wind direction and second is in
perpendicular direction.
Figure 72 User interface for concentrated EPA
Elevation : Level where the effective projected area will be applied.
EPA (Basic) : Effective projected area in the same direction of the wind will be
added to all wind directions in the basic wind load case.
i.e. if wind direction is 180°,then direction of EPA will be –Fx and
will be +Fz for wind direction equals 270°.
EPA perpendicular : Effective projected area in the perpendicular direction of the

to wind (Basic) wind will be added to all wind directions in the basic wind load
case.
i.e. if wind direction is 180°,then direction of EPA will be +Fz and
will be -Fx for wind direction equals 270°.
EPA (service) : Similar to “EPA (Basic)” except that the EPA will be added to the
service wind load case.
Force : Similar to “EPA perpendicular to wind (Basic)” except that the
perpendicular to EPA will be added to the service wind load case.
wind (service)

EPA (Survival) : Similar to “EPA (Basic)” except that the EPA will be added to the
survival wind load case.

perpendicular to EPA will be added to the survival wind load case.
wind (Survival)
Force wind Dir. : Similar to “EPA (Basic)” except that the EPA will be added to the
(Iced) concurrent wind load case with ice.

perpendicular to EPA will be added to the concurrent wind load case with ice.
wind (Iced)
Down force : Un-factored force to be used in the dead load case. +ve for
gravity direction.

6 WIND LOADING
6.1 DESIGN CODE DATA

In this dialog, user chooses the design code to calculate loads, analysis model and design of
members accordingly. Each design code has different inputs that will be described in the
following.
6.2 ANSI/TIA-222-G
User can enter four wind loading criteria. One of them will be used in checking structure
serviceably is called “Service wind” while check of stress in elements will be based on maximum
stress resulted from other three wind criteria’s. Each wind criteria will be applied in all
directions specified in “Wind Direction” list.
Figure 73 User interface for wind data with design code ANSI/TIA-222-G
Basic design wind : 3-second gust wind speed at 33 ft [10 m] above the ground in
speed (50 year) exposure category C for a 50-year mean recurrence interval. This
wind will be used in design of members.
Service wind speed : Will be used to check structure serviceability and calculation of
tilt/twist based on the definition of 3-second gust wind speed at
33 ft [10 m] above the ground in exposure category C. see clause
2.8 in ANSI/TIA-222-G.

Survival wind speed : To specify supplementary loading requirements for “withstand”
or “survival” conditions according to ANSI/TIA-222-G clause
A.2.3.2. This wind will be used in design of members.
Basic design wind : 3-second gust wind speed concurrent with the design ice
speed with ice thickness at 33 ft [10 m] above the ground in exposure category
C for a 50-year mean recurrence interval. This wind will be used
in design of members.
Temperature drop : For guyed towers that are designed to resist wind condition
concurrent with ice loads, a reduction in temperature is required
to consider its effects.
Predefined Gh : If checked, user has to enter guest effect factor manually.

Otherwise check the option to let guest factor is calculated
according to the design code.
Auto generate wind : If checked, the required wind directions according to code will
direction be applied. In some cases, user may need to enter a specified
wind direction according to his experience. In this case, uncheck
this option to enable editing the wind directions that will be
applied.
Clear span for wind : If checked, the overlap length between members will be
calculation deducted from member length in calculation of wind area.
i.e. overlap length between main leg and main diagonal will be
deduced from main diagonal length for wind calculation.
If uncheck, lengths based on center lines without any deductions
will be used.
Consider azimuth of : If checked, wind load calculation on the microwave will consider
MW dishes actual angle between wind direction and the microwave. In
unchecked, maximum wind load from any angle will be applied
for all wind directions regardless the actual angle between wind
direction and the microwave.
Consider azimuth of : If checked, wind load calculation on the panel antenna will
Panel antenna consider actual angle between wind direction and the panel
antenna. In unchecked, maximum wind load from any angle will
be applied for all wind directions regardless the actual angle
between wind direction and the panel antenna.
Base elevation : Default is zero. If value greater than zero is used, then all
elevation of structure and appurtenances in calculation of wind
pressure will be increased by this value.
i.e. for structure above other building, enter the building height
as a base elevation.

Exposure category : An exposure category that adequately reflects the characteristics
of ground surface irregularities at the site shall be determined
according to ANSI/TIA-222-G clause 2.6.5.1.
Structural class : Classification of structure based on its importance shall be made

according to ANSI/TIA-222-G table 2-1.
Topography : Classification of surrounding topography shall be made

category according to ANSI/TIA-222-G clause 2.6.6.
Crest height : Height of crest above surrounding terrain is needed for

structures with topography category other than one.
Ice density : Density of the ice that will be used in calculation of ice weight.
Design ice thickness The uniform radial thickness of glaze ice at 33 ft [10 m] above
the ground in exposure category C for a 50-year mean
recurrence interval.
Enforce sub-critical : If unchecked, ASMTower will use the drag coefficient of round
flow members/appurtenance based on condition of the flow
according the design code. When it is checked, ASMTower will
ignore design code classification for the flow and will use the
drag coefficient based on sub-critical flow only.
Figure 74 Default wind directions for 4-leg towers

Figure 75 Default wind directions for 3-leg towers
6.3 ANSI/TIA-222-H
User can enter four wind loading criteria. One of them will be used in checking structure
serviceably is called “Service wind” while check of stress in elements will be based on maximum
stress resulted from other three wind criteria’s. Each wind criteria will be applied in all
directions specified in “Wind Direction” list.
Figure 76 User interface for wind data with design code ANSI/TIA-222-H

3-dec gust wind : 3-second gust wind speed at 33 ft. [10 m] above the ground in
speed (50 year) exposure category C for a 50-year mean recurrence interval. This
wind will be used in design of members.
Service wind speed : Will be used to check structure serviceability and calculation of
tilt/twist based on the definition of 3-second gust wind speed at
33 ft [10 m] above the ground in exposure category C. see clause
2.8 in ANSI/TIA-222-H.
Ultimate wind : 3-sec gust wind speed at 33 ft. [10 m] above the ground in
speed (Risk Base) exposure C for a mean recurrence interval associated with the
risk category of the structure. This wind will be used in design of
members.
Basic design wind : 3-sec gust wind speed concurrent with the design ice thickness
speed with ice at 33ft. [10 m] above the ground in exposure C. This wind will be
used in design of members.
Temperature drop : For guyed towers that are designed to resist wind condition
concurrent with ice loads, a reduction in temperature is required
to consider its effects.
Ice density : Density of the ice that will be used in calculation of ice weight.
Design ice thickness : The uniform radial thickness of glaze ice at 33 ft [10 m] above
the ground in exposure category C for a 500-year mean
recurrence interval.
Predefined Gh : If checked, user has to enter guest effect factor manually.
Otherwise check the option to let guest factor is calculated
according to the design code.
Auto generate wind : If checked, the required wind directions according to code will
direction be applied. In some cases, user may need to enter a specified
wind direction according to his experience. In this case, uncheck
this option to enable editing the wind directions that will be
applied.
Pole with cylinder : Check it if the pole is enclosed with a cylindrical shroud, with or
shroud or w/o without a flag or for poles which do not support appurtenances.
appurtenance If checked on, wind direction probability factor will equals one
according to ANSI/TIA-222-H table 2-2.
Use coefficient for : If checked on, force coefficient for pole parts will be calculated
pole w/o according to ANSI/TIA-222-H table 2-8b otherwise table 2-8a
attachments will be used. Pole structure with step bolts and a safety cable
when no other linear attachments are present can be classified
as w/o attachments and in this case step bolt and safety cable
shall be considered separately through ladder geometry.

Use sub-critical : If unchecked, ASMTower will use the drag coefficient of round
flow in all members/appurtenance based on condition of the flow
conditions according the design code. When it is checked, ASMTower will
ignore design code classification for the flow and will use the
drag coefficient based on sub-critical flow only.
Clear span for wind : If checked, the overlap length between members will be
calculation deducted from member length in calculation of wind area.
i.e. overlap length between main leg and main diagonal will be
deduced from main diagonal length for wind calculation.
If uncheck, lengths based on center lines without any deductions
will be used.
Consider azimuth of : If checked, wind load calculation on the microwave will consider
MW dishes actual angle between wind direction and the microwave. In
unchecked, maximum wind load from any angle will be applied
for all wind directions regardless the actual angle between wind
direction and the microwave.
Consider azimuth of : If checked, wind load calculation on the panel antenna will
Panel antenna consider actual angle between wind direction and the panel
antenna. In unchecked, maximum wind load from any angle will
be applied for all wind directions regardless the actual angle
between wind direction and the panel antenna.
Base elevation : Default is zero. If value greater than zero is used, then all
elevation of structure and appurtenances in calculation of wind
pressure will be increased by this value.
i.e. for structure above other building, enter the building height
as a base elevation.
Exposure category : An exposure category that adequately reflects the characteristics
of ground surface irregularities at the site shall be determined
according to ANSI/TIA-222-H clause 2.6.5.
Risk category : Classification of structure based on its risk hazards shall be

made according to ANSI/TIA-222-H table 2-1.
Topography : There are two methods to consider topography effects according

Method to ANSI/TIA-222-H clause 2.6.6.2. Method 1 is the simplified
topographic factor procedure as per clause 2.6.6.2.1 while
method 2 is rigorous topographic factor procedure as per clause
2.6.6.2.2.
Topography : Classification of surrounding topography shall be made

category according to ANSI/TIA-222-H clause 2.6.6.2.1 for method 1 or
clause 2.6.6.2.2 for method 2.

Crest height : Height of crest above surrounding terrain is needed for
structures with topography category not equals one for method
1 or not equals none for method 2.
Feature length : According to ANSI/TIA-222-H figure 2.1, it is twice the

horizontal distance from the crest to the mid-height of the
feature.
Distance to crest : Equals to the horizontal distance from the crest to the structure
according to ANSI/TIA-222-H figure 2.1.
Windward direction : It has only effects in case of escarpment topography. Structure is

needed to be determined if structure is located in the Up-wind or
Down-wind regions.
Above sea level : Equals the mean elevation of structure base above sea level.
According to ANSI/TIA-222-H clause 2.6.8 air density can be
reduced based on this elevation. Use value equals zero shall be
permitted conservatively for any ground elevation.
Consider roof top : Check this option if wind speed-up effects are needed according
wind speed-up to ANSI/TIA-222-H clause 2.6.7.
Building width : Width of the windward face of the building
Building windward : Height of the windward face of the building.

height
Parapet height : Height of the parapet at the windward side.
Dist. To roof edge : Horizontal distance from windward face to center of the
structure.

6.4 ADJUSTMENT FACTORS
Figure 77 User interface for adjustment factors
Bottom elevation : The bottom level of a group of panels that some adjustment
factors will be assigned to. Bottom elevation shall be equals the
bottom elevation of a panel either its type is latticed or pole. If
it’s needed to define adjustments factors for a portion of pole
part, then this pole part shall be defined by two portion in
Geometry>Pole Parts. Otherwise the full length of the pole part
will has the define adjustments factors.
Top elevation : The top level of a group of panels that some adjustment factors
will be assigned to. Shall be also based on top elevation of a
panel in a similar concept like bottom elevation.
Additional flat area : User can add additional flat area to latticed panels that may
(Latticed only) represent existing of guest plates in the tower. Flat area of each
panel in the defined group of panels will be increased by this
value.
Additional round : User can add additional round area to latticed panels or to the
area (Latticed & pole parts that may represent any existing round elements.
Pole) Round area of each panel/part in the defined group of panels
will be increased by this value.
Flat area multiplier : User can add additional flat area by increasing existing flat area
(Latticed only) by a multiplier and can be defined only to lattice panels. i.e. this
may represent existing of guest plates in the tower as a ration to
its flat area.

Round area : User can add additional round area by increasing existing round
multiplier (Latticed area by a multiplier and can be defined for both lattice panels
& Pole) and pole parts.
Wind pressure : Wind pressure used for calculation of wind load on lattice panels
multiplier (Latticed or pole parts can be adjusted by this factor. Wind pressure used
& Pole) for calculation of wind load on any appurtenance or ladder will
not affected by this factor.
i.e. if there is a pole part that is totally shielded by a shroud,
assign a wind pressure equals to zero to ignore wind load on this
part.

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Copyright 2018 by ASM technologies, all rights reserved.

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ASMTower can analyze and design the following types of structures

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2.1 INSTALLING REQUIREMENT

1. Supported operating system Windows Vista SP2, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8,

2.1.1 HARDWARE LOCK

Figure 1 Hardware lock (USB)

2.2 INSTALLING ASMTOWER

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Figure 3 Second setup screen shows the need of license agreement

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Figure 5 Fourth screen shows the setup location

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Figure 7 Sixth screen shows status of the setup progress

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2.3 UN-INSTALLING ASMTOWER

1. Choose Add/remove programs from control panel

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Figure 9 Layout of ASMTower

3.1 TOP TAB

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Figure 10 Home group in the top tab

Figure 11 Setting group in the top tab

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3.1.2.4 ANALYSIS OPTION

Figure 15 Analysis and modeling options

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• Auto detect when is chosen, the wind/weight calculated

• Bottom part, when is chosen the thickness of the bottom

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Because P-Delta analysis is done using iterative procedures, the

Press import DB button to import the database from a specified location.

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Figure 18 Help and software version

3.2 BASIC INPUT GRID

Figure 19 Basic input panel

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Figure 20 the 3D view in ASMTower

3.3.2 DESIGN DRAWING

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3.3.3 DESIGN RESULT

Figure 22 Graphical presentations for design results

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Figure 23Graphical presentations for structure deformations

Figure 24 Errors panel

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4.2 LATTICED PANELS

4.2.1 PANEL GEOMETRY

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Base width : The width at bottom of latticed panels.

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Figure 28 Type of tower based on number of leg

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Figure 30 Subdivide examples for panel type equals V

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Figure 32 Panel type Z and type S

4.2.2 MAST SECTION