pe Eira © Hodutus OF @ reat NuMber:~ The modulus o abcolute value % A yerk Humber *¥ ws ° ° denoted by bel &S deftned ar 2 ot uso (el ayy 420 (oo tl = marx p ->, x Fn terval :- tclored interval: [abl = fren, as web}. -* o as a: Open Rn terval: (a,b) =: § KER, ALAbY, a s 2 a b 0 | 3 leet open Mttrvat: cab] = fxer acvet, TD Ss a ye b ead y. Right open fneervar: [a b) =£XER 5 aL webY | ey ne a boTa 0) -%tR x>@ % <—- | - a | (a 2) rp XER , xray S f ~0 : ®) Co aj :Suer vas 4 -0 A [nefghbouvhood ef a polne:- aer JE SSO then the open let, arg) t§ catted the interval Ca-§ , . § netqhoouhood of point arte ts by No Cad. % & catled the denoted : catted the radPur. of Centre, § fs neiqh bouthodd - ane Noa = fa-8, atS)=$XER, A$ ev carsy epee 5 = FxER; Ie-alzs) | << a-s$ a OS s - 0= 4 peleted § heighbourhood Of the potnra: Tne set NgO-Sa% fs cated dete ted & netgnoouvhood Oh point a- Noa-$a% =(a-§ a) ua ats). = (a-g ats) ~ faz << e > s (2 a-§ a arty 7 | Ca-5 a) ts catted leet § netqhbour- hood Sh a: | Ca- ats) € catted right § nef noou “hood 8 A: Limit + consider the Sequence of values pa, ag, Aad, ~~~ and at, Ol, 2001 - - co giver 40 Q VATIAlble x The value fr the Ctrs€ sequence ase ate of & tesc than two: and approaching 2- 4h onie case we say that RK ttnds to #2 from leet. and re Ps denoted b pie upp oe o> *% MW the second sequence of aut ea than 2 and approaching, Btn this care we tay than “wR Khds tO a, from Teg ne § fe Ty denoted bY % —yI2%, TE ve 4thd to a erthey from lett a Tig nt then, we goy * fendi to 2 and Tt Ps de. “noted by Ww —7 Q-Limit. lee A be O fuloset af R, a Limit pointe o A and f. q-yp, a Teal [number “er ts tatd to be a timit op fae Atl Cath ESO, there ereiser |S so tuth that MEA, O4 br-ale§ > [£O0 2) 26.88 Bi denoted by Cea = 2 cor) a 5 ges) Sk at waa. F thor Deetnitton- @ lee a,2 ER and thea funtion detined ona deleted nefgy_ -bourhood 6 «A Of O then 4 Ps Satd to be Umit 66 at @ ira eofh ESO, 3 570 . guth that seen, of teal es =7 (Ec) ~4[ 4 €- te fs denoted by UW €crwt)= @ | x>a © Hiuy +h ot ea, Note :-O tet Foe a tuntlon de tPred en the detefed nbd A Of a- ‘te WU few) evetgsu then fe Ps wore uniquecon lee o,cer TE f:R4R be 0 funtton detfned by t(xd oc ¥ «eR thevy u | ee OO -c: Aores-@ 7 let aer te ese -R ft det? -ned by ftxyer Yer, then te Lox) =a- Koa OkK:-! : wore 7 aer fe €:R—-R dettned | eet) spe) then Uo €Oe) stat oy ) ) a now :-@) . - | we eer) -enist then psa | wa | | oe +a HO) 2 ) | Sith 20-50) no Oo One stded timrt: 2 Cmter ea ter MiheR, hro £ be a funtion oo en A=Ca, oth) amen Lt etd elibe Or Umit wm € at o> T€ to each givenero, a Syo, ruth that. yen , AL cats = lfoo -g fe €(ect timies- he Ct a,d,h ER, 470 ang re be a funtion detined aw faz Co-h , of then @ & sala to be jo eee Gute eb fF at a re te eott Qtveh Exyg that KEA : 4 5 >0 futh 736 eco sp [fO)~4] ce | te Ps denoted by a eee mw —7 ate & ue go Cow y= 2, Note Oi og a,t€R and & be @ fandien decined 8h a deleted neighbourhood a 6h O {hep tt £0) = 2: Le fewds es Em) we => ROM x0 no te.-® pe a funtion 1% deteney eG eee Ge ee ts mot detined 8M CA, ath) Mewen ©. @Cw) 2 tb ft). owe G, Ke Note:-® PRE a funtion defined 64 Ca,Ath) tor hoo, | fet Lobe not detined Jaen, a) ther . -€Ecx) £ ode eullp (Sa oo Hy at © ¢limit pont 8h xi let A bea Suter oF R-A potne ios TS Bsond AO) be oO eimit potint 6b ,tt every nc igh oot hood & a [ . Jrontatng atleast ere point eh A ether than a Fe wel (mit potnt OF cee A, Px, LO UOWS that = every neighbourhood eb Ao contaths Intinitety many Ponts & A | WY 4 wet ray have met than potht ,every point ef Ca,b) point of Cab): ene Limit a 0 (emit) ob FT Some fm portant ex panuon si i ee ee | Come -- SA 2d BS! ay Gow ey RP pd ee | che eal | ae eae tann = pene 6. Or ee | te A tan & = we Ue Owed ue 2 “Ss * Li e 244200 gl ee iT Gale! ogre ™ : C+ yy yet ' a} Tae ou) at log (lex) = ye 2 . ; i ae fog die) = + CH 4204 09 aa toga t 2 (tog ! 2! 7 4 - 2 | salostitutfonae method: © tt 24 Set (yea 502 a. at gee SHH oa mere 2 ar4gcadt! s ato a7 urtot! Uttar S. = Blea = o/s See Factor'zahtoh method :- — QO] tt (35) g WA72 2S yeh ywo-5 dk 6 = tape oa) oo ES Ow) e178) w-7a Cy) (0-4) a eas N72 x-U | - - ft! Lg Vo - as 4 } ;“" cr | Rationaly ety method! U N= ue 2 Ma Ta 2 ~ HQ MA Tx42.7 2 eae ey eet yor. Fee 72 ar ta joo ox) (ae +7) = CZs ya yet2-Y = yor yee 3 itt Ufa ay tne yur 2 at? ae - U+2 2att A: Operations 6 Umi be > ue © $ = ze tt ford ek , a, gGO =m then, C t+ sm, St ae ae Ct Foye ee 400 -4tm. Ha (t- qe. fe, Gio =e 7: 4 . ies aS nee gO) = tm ub DY) ooo (fia) = bh, on tales | tt — Fin GOD . et fxje- ke. 5) ee Cee) w= Kya tH) é) itt, Cem) 2 hh tev) | = [4]. AL te, beg eo Fs alta £9) > bog £. eae a>6 o nfs any reak numba Wy han ee _—_ = han, Ce. oma? wr 8 YraA Ue amram een: a > Ce Man a tt yma ee eee : w'M gm wes = S ya ~_ at ae ie ywhn-ah | u7o = HOG : mat! n-an-!) ma m f- Md) nr Ut sha UDO oe wan! tte —fi2S Yas ee = CBOE = 5K] = “oy.10 on (OB u) | Co 30 | | Le to K>2 — 20 xe _W te m ve, - m onan Da ° t+ wo, Sebel? ~ 10 4 !0 5 aviary = 8 = Ane 2aL Ti 64 qn 2 gno metric timtts: 4) pr Ce Stn | 0 | De mts stmt .o x7 0 or ol eGCe Stn =} n—7 b x ut Stham a ux=r0 2 pT “ tan =| ' Ra6 xn tt tah * ./0 KO x“ e te (2422 2 mS ---- X>0 2eais m tt ee 2 a 2 be tg (te >) =1tO*y 2 (0%) --- © s. IG| Ceponentat Limit Ps if > e-1 | / x0 7 x U>rO x 0 oO dt +R Pa 2 ‘| S KX prt’ XH? ~ - -2 urd ae i) 8) "Sr “ =—— — z te (SH +X ew? 2 yore “A RIM Bing ®)nt j ee re, axl Yer yet ot 5 \ m 10 a+ %> (log 0) *2 ~-04 ee (t+ 7 4 a) =) vL> 6 Mu - de (tog a+ (toga)? — 2) Ur a! = Log O40 +6 —— Lie DEN fog U7o oe \Intin ite dimit - fe lt su (4 34 G Yor Qur ERetd- ut Cred Rete) UDO _ “Cs wtta) OO j= dt oS 46 Ur © a 3+ 3 4% x Se = Haro vy b 10. Lt or 34+ 6 Yr © a Bred ta ye KE " sas) (6) + 600) 3497 Cot C6) = cf 3. m4 ue Pur+eSu 4 "7 & we 49 = Pf. dt 6 Sport u-r & —_ > Buty,oe > 4 8 ue “Ss = 6tO+6 - © +46 S Sp =. _ DSM a austs ies 2 4 OO 4 | woo a x | 3x3 4S \ Xd yd tt toe uy bd [ ¥ ee 34.8. | “yd = O+0+40 e O/3 ZH =O_ logar ith emrc (imi = | | Show that, ble | log (4. wey Ee et. ~ It log (PO Uo yt ter pW yt Ur i 7 a TD yO of, ae <3 Lo 4 “y¥—-A0=o) 0 a a 4 I logit) i Moro | Hf [ Log (140%) al pean us a 61) tt 4 470 i ux 9 (1tax)— log Ct bX) x: Ut [secu _ log CIA bY | m ve J ee [sca b tog (1 bu = ace) - bt) 2 a-h- (t 10 u ioe tegf aCe | _ fog Cl4+) =e alt 0 in /| Roblems on 1 a — 4) yt ¢ oe ie f Lea (14 os)" then lt (Cu few -1y) - q™¥ Loo 2 te £O0) Goo yo: hod! | new ek Ve _ > 7 X10 4 Uy poe CAuAD oh tk Cit) | v0 pre F Bo ~ : ' “Ut Cue ed yr6 te Craw. @ So (reax a) he X30 oe - pire OK = £ eG S exo a. . Cua. @a" dt . b, woo Pt wre 2 eb. uo 2a) Ae os 2 tony XO ( a) Oe ae \ lt ie (tame yor aon guess | UDO ~ ne 7” , 3 = gre (“ 6 42 SW oo)? Ss so ae, : tt u3 . 7 ae ey x50 (3 ie -») 3 a £5 (2 e 7 Cee i ~) (2 = €'3 40 ~~ a)