Guide to Middle Earth 1.

a) The Extraordinarily Rough Cultural Guide

b) History of the Ages

c) Kingdoms of the Dúnedain

d) The Tale of Years

e) The Tale of the Circle

f) Personages of Note

g) Valar, Spirits and Magic

h) Races and Peoples

i) Languages

j) Places of Note

k) Song of Akkoraphil, the third Crebain, sister of Akhorahil the second Crebain.

l) Regions of Middle Earth. For use with Region Lore.

The Extraordinarily Rough Cultural Guide: Dunedain and Black Numenoreans are
Normans/Romans. Dunlendings are Celts. Easterlings and Variags are Huns. Haradrim are Arabic.
Hillman are Picts/Scots. Lossoth are Eskimos. Northmen ((Beornings, Dorwinrim, Eothraim, Gots,
Gramuz (Plains-men), Men of Dale, Woodmen)) are Saxons.

History of the Ages Current year Third Age 1408, over 1000 yrs before the events in LotR.

First Age
During the First Age, the lands now known as Western Middle-Earth were largely blocked off from
the sea by the expanse of Beleriand. Elvish records state that many of the Eldar (Elves) journeyed
through the regions now known as Rhovanion and Eriador on their Great Journey to Aman.
According to the old tales, Melkor (by then known as Morgoth, the dark Valar who was the master
of Sauron) raised the Misty Mountains to block the Elvish migrations. Those who were daunted
turned south along the Anduin and became known as the Nandar, the eventual ancestors of the
Elves of Greenwood the Great (the Silvan Elves). The others passed into Beleriand and into the
tales of the Qwenta Silmarillion.
The Dwarves established holds in the Blue Mountains and In the Misty Mountains, tunnelling deep
into the earth in search of precious metals.
Little mention is made of Men in Eriador during these years. Certainly there were many migrations,
including those that brought the Edain (ancestors of the Dunedain) to Beleriand and established the
Daen Coentis (ancient tribal peoples) in the area now called Gondor. These would become the
Dunlendings.
The Fall of Beleriand (its sinking below the sea after the War of Powers) resulted in many of the
Edain fleeing back into Eriador. These Men of the Twilight were the ancestors of the Northmen,

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and they settled in the northern Anduin Valley. Those Edain who accepted the Gift of the Valar
sailed to Numenor and passed out of Endor for many centuries.

The Second Age

The early Second Age was a time of peace, as the numbers of Men had not yet grown so much as to
make conflict for resources and territory. The Elves who survived the Fall of Beleriand established
kingdoms in Lindon and Eregion. A few Elf lords later passed east over Misty Mountains to found
Silvan kingdoms in Greenwood the Great and Lorien.
Meanwhile, the tribes of the Daen Coentis reached their height in this period, and their empire
encompassed lands from Linhir to Andrast. The Daen had few dealings with their Dwarven or
Elvish neighbours, but they certainly were no friends of Orcs.
The Numenoreans returned to Middle-earth a thousand years after they departed, and they came as
colonists and conquerors. They settled the shores of Middle-earth, pushing the Daen Coentis folk
back into mountain vales. They were friends of the Elves, aiding them in their war against Sauron.
The colonies of the Numenoreans grew. Where there were indigenous peoples they brought to them
a culture and technology which created a new way of life. They were overlords but did not forget
the Elven heritage of teaching and integrated the old and new ways as best they could.
In the end, the pride of the Noldor again proved their doom, for the smiths of Eregion were tricked
into forging the Rings of Power. The war, which followed, desolated the region. The Men of
Numenor aided the Elves, and finally the allied armies forced Sauron and his armies to retreat into
Mordor and finally the Númenóreans captured Sauron. Refugees from Eregion passed into Lorien
and the haven of Imladris (Rivendell).
Not realising the danger they placed themselves in the host of Numenor returned to their island with
the captured Sauron who began whispering false promises to the Kings of Numenor. Envy of the
Elves increased, with only a small number of the Faithful remaining true to the Eldar and the Valar.
Finally, the pride of Numenor became so swelled that Ar-Pharazaon sailed to Valinor to seize
immortality for himself and his followers. The expedition ended in disaster, as the Valar called
upon the might of Eru. Numenor sank beneath the waves, leaving only the colonies and a small
remnant of the Dunedain (S. Men of the West).
Most of the Faithful escaped, and their King, Elendil the Tall, established the two realms of Gondor
and Arnor for his people. Some of the Black Númenóreans did remain in Middle Earth in Umbar;
These “Kings Men” had remained true to Ar-Pharazaon, but not to the Valar and the ideals of the
Númenóreans.
After the Fall of Numenor Sauron gathered his strength and attacked the fledgling realms of Elendil.
The new king sought the aid of the Elven of Lindon and defeated Sauron in the Last Alliance of
Elves and Men (this is shown at the start of the first LotR film). The orc armies and human allies
fled or were captured. Mordor became an occupied land and the evil Lord was gone.

The Third Age

Thus, the Third Age began with the triumph of the Dunedain. The Kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor
grew and flourished for many centuries.
Then, in T.A. 861, King Earendur of Arnor died and his kingdom was divided among his three
sons, forming the three Kingdoms of the North. These were Arthedain, Cardolan And Rhudaur. The
growing numbers of Orcs in the north of the Misty Mountains had been a problem since the start of
the Third Age. A number of battles and many skirmishes where fought as Angmar became a centre
for the orc armies in that region. Mercenaries from the Far East came to join the Orcs and the
combination of Orcs and Easterlings threatened the realms.
In Rhudaur, the easternmost of these realms, the Dunedain were in a small minority and were forced
to rule their Hillman subjects from within fortified manors. In 1349 Arthedain tried to reunite its
realm with that of Rhudaur. This conflict was used by the forces of Angmar as an opportunity to
invaded Rhudaur. The Hillmen joined forces with those of Angmar. Rhudaur soon fell and was
thereafter ruled by a succession of Hillman high-chieftains under the auspices of Angmar. Most of

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the Dunedain that were not slain along with those Dunlendings who could not stomach being allied
to Orcs fled to Arthedain and Cardolan. A strong accord then developed between Arthedain and
Cardolan. Putting aside the realms old wars the two kings Arveleg and Ostoher have moved the two
kingdoms to being allies, albeit ones with old wounds which are hard to heal.
Gondor's expansion was met by violent resistance in the East and South, necessitating large
garrisons in those regions. Revolts of the subject Dunnish peoples proved to be an internal threat to
Gondor, and wars with Umbar further drained the South Kingdom's resources. But for all that
Gondor now has a mighty empire. With their allies the Eothraim they have secured the east. In the
south there have claimed Harad and Umbar as client states. Mordor is under their guard, and
although Orcs are there they are few in number.

The “Northmen” also began to expand and spread across Rhovanion. They are a number of cultures
primarily east of the Misty Mountains including the Beornings of Aduin vale, the Woodmen of
Greenwood the Great, The Dalemen of Lake Dale, the Eothraim of southeast Rhovanion, the
Gramuz (Plains-men) of central Rhovanion and the Dorwinrim who live around the Sea of Rhun.
The Northmen settled west of the Misty Mountains on their way to the Aduin Vale. Where they are
still represented by the Gots of Nothva Rhaglaw and the Rivermen of the Northern Waters.

The Dunlendings are a diverse people who are mainly found in Dunland and the White Mountains.
But there are present in Gondor in any province bordering the White Mountains, and scattered
throughout what was once Arnor mainly in the south.

The Elves now mostly live their lives in their havens. The Noldo are mostly to be found in
Rivendell and Lorien. The Sindar are mostly in Mithlond (the Grey Havens), Edhellond and
Thranduil's Caverns. Finally the Silvan mostly in Rivendell, Lorien and Thranduil's Halls.

The Dwarves only occasionally venture from their underground realms. Those of the Blue
Mountains are friendly with the Elves of Mithlond (Grey Havens) and the men of Arthedain; they
have trading routes to Mithlond, Arthedain and Cardolan. Those of Durin’s folk in Moria trade with
Cardolan and Arthedain, and are on good terms with them. In Erebor and the Iron Hills the Dwarves
are friendly with the Men of Dale, whom they trade with as well as Woodmen and the Dorwinrim.

Kingdoms of the Dúnedain

Arnor and Gondor originally had been only separate fiefs under the final authority of Elendil. After
his death and those of his sons, the realms increasingly functioned as two separate kingdoms.

Arnor (now the Two Northern Realms)

Atherdain and Cardolan have not yet fully recovered after the slaughter of its folk at the start of the
Third Age. The sphere of its influence by 1408 had not grown much larger than it had probably
been under Elendil.
At its greatest extent, the borders ran south down to River Lune and coast to the mouth of
Greyflood; up Greyflood, then to the Loudwater and the Misty Mountains; then west to the Bay of
Forochel, though not encompassing the Snowmen of the North. It totals about 248,540 square miles.
Arthedain's boundary with Cardolan runs from the coast, up the Baranduin to Great East Road, and
along it to Weathertop (Amon Sul). From there to the northern fringe Arthedain borders with
Rhudaur in a line along the Weather Hills. Rhudaur and Cardolan lay on the north and south,
respectively, of the Great Road between Weathertop and the upper waters of Greyflood, while the
“Angle” beyond the river was part of Rhudaur. All the kingdoms met at Weathertop where the
Fortress of Amon Sul, the greatest fortress of Arnor is jointly manned by the two realms.

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Arthedain is the larger of the two, having been the core of the original kingdom, it has the larger
population of Dunedain and a rather aesthetic character, it’s capital being Annuminas. Cardolan is
second in size and power but has a larger population; it has a more mercantile character. It’s capital
being Tharbad.

Gondor
The southern Dúnedain had not suffered as many casualties in the War of the Last Alliance as the
northern, and their indigenous population was more numerous. From the original core along the
southern Anduin, Gondor spread to its greatest extent, including all the lands west to the
Greyflood/Siranon; north along Anduin to the Field of Celebrant; east to the Sea of Rhûn; and
(excluding Mordor which was a guarded waste land) south to the River Harnen and along the coast
to Umbar. Haradwaith was a conquered tributary. The area under direct rule was probably about
716,425 square miles, with Harad possibly adding another 486,75.
Additionally, the Men of Vales of Anduin where Allies of Gondor, and friendship was cultivated
with these Northmen east of the Misty Mountains. West of the Anduin, the increase of Gondor's
size seems to have resulted from natural accretion. Although the hold in some of the remote lands
past the gap of Calenardhon was very tenuous.
The Dunlendings in Dunland and the White Mountains certainly are not assimilated. East of the
Anduin, history was entirely different. Ithilien was penned between lands that were either
uninhabited or unfriendly. Against these the Dúnedain retaliated in self-defense and/or conquered
for gain. After the victory of Last Alliance, Mordor was desolate and its passes guarded. But still
war never ceased on Gondor's borders.
In T.A. 490, Easterlings from Rhûn crossed through Dagorland and mounted an invasion. They
were not finally defeated until about 550. In these battles Gondor was assisted by the Eothraim. In
830, Gondor's emphasis changed from defense on land to offense at sea. The first action was the
extension of the realm south along the coasts east of Ethir Anduin resulting in the possession of
South Gondor. In 933, the great haven of Umbar was besieged and won; but it rose above a sea of
enemies who battled the walled haven for 17 years. At last, in 1050, the King led great forces
overland and routed the Haradrim. The current King of Gondor, Valacar has now started to shift
back to a mixed land/sea defensive policy.

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The Tale of Years

The Second Age

1-50 Noldorin kingdom established in Lindon after the fall of Beleriand with Gil-galad as
king. The Grey Havens are further expanded and fortified. A policy of minimum contact
with the mannish population of Eriador is begun.
1-50 Sindarin ships arrive at the mouth of the Morthlond, in what near the end of the S.A.
becomes southern Gondor. The local peoples who the Sindar call Nibinwaith, flee. The
Sindar Elf-haven of Edhellond is established on an islet in the Morthlond, it becomes the
principal Elven seaport on the Bay of Belfalas. Through the S.A Sindar and Nandor arrive
from Lindon and Lorien.
32 Númenór founded. Elros Tar-Minyatur (half elf and mortal brother of Elrond) leads
most of the remaining Edain to Númenór. He is proclaimed first King of Numenor.
32-300 The Hillmen take up their homeland in Rhudaur. The Eriadorans now become a
distinct, independent culture. Those towards the Gwathló tend to have more Daen ancestry,
while those further north more Northmen ancestry. Durin’s folk (Dwarves of Moria)
maintain the trade roads.
ca.400 The early Eriadorans reach an advanced Bronze Age culture.
600-1200 Númenóreans explore much of Middle-earth and make contact with the Daen
Coentis of the White Mountains.
617 The first Númenórean ships explore the coast between the Isen and Gulf of Lune
while enroute to the Grey Havens.
750 The Noldor found the realm of Hollin in Eregion and build it’s capital Ost-in-Edhil.
It is ruled by Noldarin Queen Galadriel and her Sindarin husband Celeborn. Celebrimnor the
smith establishes a great forging complex and the Guild of Jewel Smiths (S. Gwaith-i-
Mirdan). The Noldor build three towns along the south bank of the Mitheithel over the next
two centuries and establish trade with the Dwarves of Khazad-dum, who they have become
friendly with.
777 Aldarion, then Crown Prince of Númenór, begins the construction of Vinyalondë (S.
"New Haven") on the south bank of the mouth of the Gwathló. This becomes Lond Daer.
880 Aldarion erects a watchtower at a small Eriadoran village on the upper Gwathló.
This is the traditional date of the founding of Tharbad. There, he meets with Celeborn and
Galadriel the King and Queen of Hollin.
c.1000 Sauron perceives the power of the Númenóreans and makes Mordor his stronghold.
He begins the building of Barad-dur, the Sammath Naur and the town of Ostigurth (S. City
of Death).
1078 Tar-Ancalimë, the Queen of Númenór, refuses her father's (the retired Aldarion)
wishes and abandons Vinyalondë (Lond Daer) after its damage by a severe hurricane.
Númenórean trade increases regardless of the Queen's desires.
ca.1100-1600 The Golden Age of the Eriadoran Kingdoms in southern Eriador. Their decline
begins when Sauron begins increasing his influence in the region.
1200 Sauron beguiles the Elves of Hollin; he makes friends of their Smiths. Galadriel is
one of the few Eldar to mistrust him.
1200-1500 Númenóreans begin building fortresses and havens all along the western coast of
Middle-earth. During this time they begin to use the great southern forests extensively for
shipbuilding.
1312 Trolls in Enedhwaith form a kingdom which, is later destroyed in the Last Alliance.
1350-1375 Sauron convinces the Smiths of Ost-in-Edhil that they must rule and Celebrimbor
becomes King. Galadriel renounces her title as Queen and passes through Khazad-dum to
Lorinand with many Noldo. She founds the realm of Lorien.
1500 Celebrimbor and the Guild of Jewel Smiths of Ost-in-Edhil in Hollin begin to make
the rings of Power, fooled by Sauron’s guile.

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1600 Sauron makes one ring to rule them all (Players will not know about this) His
fortifications in Mordor are complete.
1644 Tar-Minastir, while still Crown Prince, begins reconstruction of the ruins of
Vinyalondë. He names the new port Lond Daer Enedh (S. "Great Middle Haven").
1693-1700 Sauron makes war on the Elves of Eregion. Dwarves shut the gates of Moria. Within
six years Sauron has ravaged Eregion and overrun most of Eriador. Ost-in-Edhil is besieged
and sacked, Celebrimbor falls defending it. Celeborn leads many Noldorian refugees from
Hollin to Lorien and rejoins Galadriel. There he forties Lorien while Galadriel journeys to
Lindon to help with Gil-galad’s preparations for War. Elrond who was sent by Gil-galad to
aid Hollin leads the rest of the Noldorian refugees north and founds Rivendell. The
Eriadorans of Pinnath Cerran hold out, as does the Númenórean garrison in the keep at Lond
Daer. The Elves under Gil-galad push the forces of Sauron back to what was the realm of
Hollin. Tar-Minastir leads an Númenórean army that comes to the aid of the Elves. His
Captain, Pharconatar, uses the fleet in brilliant amphibious operations along the Gwathló
that contribute greatly to the utter destruction of Sauron's forces. Galadriel does not return to
Lorien but starts her journeys spreading the word of the Wise. Sauron is defeated by the
Númenóreans and the Elves, and retreats to Mordor.
1701 Sauron maintains a guard against the west and looks eastward to bring more men
under his sway.
1780 Celeborn hands over rulership of Lorien to the Sindarin Amdir. He travels to
Rivendell to meet with Galadriel and joins her on her journeys.
1793 Pharconatar begins the construction of Tharbad as an Númenórean colony and is
accepted as Protector by most of the petty-kings of the Eriadorans.
1800 First Númenórean settlers arrive in what is to become Gondor, displacing indigenous
lowlanders. Númenóreans begin teaching indigenous cultures, while establishing colonies.
1800-2251 Númenóreans increase their holdings in Middle-earth. Sauron begins to send
emissaries to the Daen Coentis to subvert their religion and turn them against the
Númenóreans, who will out number them by the end of the SA. A darkness creeps into
Numenor. The Dunedain begin to question what gives the Elves the right to immortality
while the Númenóreans remain mortal. Some remain friends of the Elves, others turn against
them. The Númenóreans begin to exact tribute form the Men of Endor, their teaching
turning to mercenary gain. This was evidence of Sauron’s hand preparing for what was to
come.
1914-1943 Southern Eriadorans unite to oppose the extensive lumbering undertaken by the
Númenóreans to construct the great fleet of Tar-Ciryatan. This conflict degenerates into a
guerrilla war, in which much of Saralainn is deforested. First use of Daen (Dunnish)
mercenaries by the Númenórean colonists. They are settled along the Gwathló. These
settlements and increased Númenórean domination lead to a gradual division in culture
between common Eriadorans and the Northmen. The first Northmen move east over the
Misty Mountains to form the population of Rhovanion.
ca. 2000 Distressed by the increased materialism in their native isle, some of the more
religious Númenóreans begin emigrating, settling primarily in the region of Lake Evendim,
in what will become Arnor. Tharbad is their primary entry port, and begins to prosper.
ca2251 Oropher leaves Lorien, unhappy at the Noldorin presence. A group Sindar leaves
with him including his son Thranduil and they take up home in Greenwood the Great. Once
there they unite the Silvan elves of Greenwood into the Woodland Realm.
2280 Umbar is made into a great fortress port to sustain Númenór’s southern colonies.
2350 Pelargir (in what will become Southern Gondor) is founded and becomes the chief
haven for the increasing emigration of what those who will later be called the Faithful (To
the Valar and the Elves) Númenóreans. Tharbad (in Arnor) is still under the control of more
conventional colonists at this time.

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ca. 2500-2600 Second Revolt of the Eriadorans. Pursuing Tar-Telemmaite's desire for mithril, the
Númenóreans move into the hills and downs of Cardolan, provoking the natives. This is the
most destructive of the wars and largely responsible for the later treeless condition of
Cardolan.
2511 Lond Daer seriously damaged in a great hurricane. Tharbad now becomes leading
Dunedain port in southern Eriador.
2689 A fort and ferry station is built at what will become Gondor’s capital, Osgiliath.
2899 Ar-Adunakhor (A. Lord of the West) becomes King of Numenor, takes an Adunaic
name and the persecuting of the Faithful begins. Public use of Elvish tongues is banned.
2961 The Citadel of Minas Ithil is built in Ithilien. It serves as a bulwark against Mordor.
3175 Tar-Palantir ascends the throne of Numenor and acts to stem the tide of rebellion
against the Valar and hatred of the Elves. His brother and nephew (Pharazon) and the
majority of the Royal court (the “King’s Men”) oppose him, Civil War erupts.
3255 Tar-Palantir dies and his daughter Miriel is made Queen. She is forced to marry her
cousin Pharazon and the King’s Men gain the upper hand.
3261-3262 King Ar-Pharazon (the Golden) of Numenor lands at Umbar the Númenórean port
city near the South Lands of the Haradwaith. His army marches on Mordor. Sauron
surrenders before Mordor is destroyed and is taken in chains to Numenor. He succeeds in
seducing the King and many Númenóreans to his evil ways. Various fortifications and
bridges are improved near Mordor. These will later help Gondor to consolidate its realm.
3262-3310 Sauron convinces Ar-Pharazon that the Ban of the Valar is a ruse to protect the
Elven “Lands of Immortality” from mannish invasion. He convinces the court of Numenor
that Aman will confer immortality on any resident. The Faithful (who remain faithful to the
Valar and friends of the Elves) are persecuted; many are sacrificed to the powers of
Darkness.
3310-3319 The Great Armament of Numenor is the greatest fleet and army ever assembled by
Men. Elendil emerges as leader of the secretive Faithful.
3312 Edelion of Numenor captains a small fleet which sails east from Numenor leading a
band of the Faithful to settle in what is now Dor-en-Ernil (a princely fief of Gondor) . He
was a relative of Elendil and possessed Elven blood.
3315 Drúedain split from the Daen Coentis due to their evil ways. They take up residence
in the deep wooded areas of the White Mountains and the Enedhwaith.
3319 Ar-Pharazon invades Valinor; the fleet reaches Aman and is destroyed by Eru (The
One, God). The Downfall of Numenor follows; the continent is broken and sunk beneath the
sea. Elendil and his sons Isildur and Anarion escape with the remaining Faithful. Sauron
seems to somehow survive the sinking and returns to Mordor. The Bending of the Seas.
3320 Foundation of the Realms in Exile, Arnor and Gondor, Elendil is proclaimed High
King. He rules in Arnor while his sons jointly rule in Gondor. The Daen Coentis swear an
oath of loyalty to Isildur. The Númenóreans become known as the Dunedain.
3320 In Mordor Orodruin bursts into flame, and becomes known as Mount Doom.
3321 The Dunedain introduce the water wheel to other cultures.
3325-3341 Many of the Daen Coentis migrate north either to Dunland or Rhudaur. The first
groups do so because of disagreements with the new dark religions. The later groups migrate
to escape the fear caused by the oath breaking. The Gondorians erect a chain of simple
signal-platforms to alert the local settlers to Dunnish movements, summoning military aid if
necessary. Orthanc (Isenguard) is built during this period.
3400 The Lord Edhelion, vassal of Elendil is granted his title of Prince. He is granted the
lands of Dor-en-Ernil for his line to rule as an independent province of Gondor. He helps
Gondor expand into the west while keeping the Elves of Edhellond as allies and friends.
3429 Sauron’s rebuilt armies attack the Gondorian province of Ithilien, he takes Minas
Ithil. The Gondorian army is pushed back over the Aduin, but hold Osgiliath and Minas
Arnor.

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3430 The Last Alliance of Men and Elves is formed to answer Sauron's attack on Gondor.
3434 The Daen Coentis are called by the Alliance; they refuse, and thereby bring the curse
of the oath-breakers upon them. King Oropher the Sindarian King of Greenwood dies as
Sauron’s forces are driven back to Mordor.
3441 Battle on the plain of Dagorland, Sauron’s army is defeated. The League of the
Alliance occupies Mordor and besieges Barad-dûr. Sauron emerges and duels with Gil-galad
and Elendil who he slays. But Isildur manages to destroy him (This is the opening sequence
in Fellowship of the Ring). Barad-dur and Barad-Sereg are razed.
3441 King Elendil, his son Anarion, King Gil-galad (of Lindon) and King Amdir of
Lorien fell in Mordor. Isildur is proclaimed King of Arnor. Menedil (Anarion’s son) is
proclaimed King of Gondor. Cirdain is proclaimed Lord of Lindon. Thranduil is proclaimed
King of the Wood Elves. Amroth son of Amdir is proclaimed King of Lorien.
3441 Lady Galadriel and Lord Celeborn finish there journeys and go to the Seaward
Tower near the small port that becomes Lond Ernil in Dor-en-Ernil. This is their home for
many years.

Third Age
1 A watch is put on Mordor. Gondorian construction of the Morannon gates, Durthang,
Carach Angren, Cirith Ungol and Barad-wath begins. The White Tree is planted at Minas
Arnor in memory of Anarion by his son King Menedil and brother King Isildur.
1-500 Arnor struggles to recover from it’s loses in the War of the Last Alliance; many of
Elendil’s plans for road building and settlement have to be abandoned. Many Northmen
travel east across the Misty Mountains to the Aduin Vale and then later to Greenwood. The
Beornings and Woodmen settle into what have become their heartlands. Some go further
east and become the Dale Men and the even more urbanized Dorwinrim. Later Northmen
traveling south then east through the Gap of Rohan spread across the Rhovanion plains and
become the Gramuz and Eothraim.
2 Isildur (King of Arnor) is ambushed by Orcs and dies at the Gladden Fields (S. Loeg
Ningloren) while enroute to Arnor. Amon Anwar made sacred to the remains and the
memory of Elendil.
4-10 First Hillmen Rebellion in Rhudaur (a province of Arnor) ends in a compromise
settlement.
100 All Gondorian defenses against Mordor are competed except for Barad-wath which
is abandoned.
164-166 Mong-Finn’s (Hillmen High Chief) Rebellion in Rhudaur is crushed by Vaernil
(Crown Prince) Eldacar. He then founds the provincial capital of Cameth Brin.
ca. 200-400 A new wave of Dunnish migration to Eriador in the wake of the sundering and
downfall of the Daen Coentis realm in the White Mountains. Most are assimilated into
central Cardolan, but in the sparsely populated south, many retain their native folkways.
Dunnish migrations into what becomes “Dunland” slow to a trickle but now the clans
reassert themselves. The Dunmen begin identifying themselves as Daen Lintis rather than by
the older label Daen Coentis. Calenardhon (province of Gondor) begins to be settled along
the Great West Road.
312 Larach Duhnnan becomes a major trading site in Dunland.
379-389 Gondor claims land east of the Anduin. It is then called Dor Rhunen (Eastern Land).
420 King Ostoher of Gondor (not to be confused with the current King of Cardolan)
completes the building of Minas Arnor and the rebuilding other cities and fortresses
damaged in the Last Alliance. Minas Arnor becomes the Royal summer residence.
490 First Easterling invasion into Rhovanion. Gondor strikes back and the Eriedain
(Northmen) light cavalry becomes a part of the Gondorian army in these military ventures.

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 King Tarostar of Gondor drives the Easterlings back and with his Northmen allies crushes
them.
491-523 Six of the signal-platforms connecting Calenardhon (Northwest Province of Gondor)
to Minas Arnor are upgraded to become signal-towers . They can accommodate small
garrisons, and the fire-cages on their roofs summon warriors from the surrounding farms and
hamlets to meet any threat.
500 King Tarcil of Arnor campaigns against the Orcs of Mount Gundabad and Goblin
Gate. He creates regular access to the Angrith (S. Iron Path) at the northern end of the Misty
Mountains and builds roads in the region.
500-1400 Calenardhon is a prosperous province. Westmarch is considered the furthest
Northwestern fief of Gondor.
ca. 600-860 Increasing tensions between the lords of Arnor, who live largely in the North, and
their more worldly kinsmen in the southern areas of the Kingdom.
625 Minas Ithil becomes the “Queens City”. Ithilien is named as fief of the Queen. The
Royal court of Gondor begins the tradition of spending spring in Minas Ithil, summer in
Minas Arnor and autumn and winter in Osgiliath.
650 The Dunedain invent wheeled plough.
652 King Valandur of Arnor slain during a revolt of the Hillmen of the eastern marches.
748 Gondor absorbs all lands east of Anduin, north of Mordor, South of Greenwood,
west of the Sea of Rhun. They are made a Royal Territory of Gondor.
830 Tarannon, the first of Gondor's Ship-kings, comes to the throne . His policies favor
the commercial interests of the south. Gondor is extended along the coast west and south.
The Princely fief of Dor-en-Ernil is expanded; Lond Ernil becomes the fief’s capital.
861 Death of Eärendur, who divides the realm of Arnor among his three sons. Founding
of the Sister Kingdoms Of Arthedain, Cardolan, and Rhudaur.
862 Thorondur “the Magnificent” ascends the throne as the first King of Cardolan.
870 Amlaith, first King of Arthedain reopens the Angirith Pass and secures trade links as
far as Dorwinion.
933 Earnil I, King of Gondor embarks on a massive ship-building program. He takes
Umbar, it becomes a fortress of Gondor. He appoints his son Prince Ciryandil Lord of
Lebenin and Squire of Pelargir. This begins the tradition of the eldest Prince having
guardianship of the Fleet.
949-950 Aldarion of Rhudaur, the last of Eärendur's sons, attempts to reunite Arnor. The war
ends in a mere skirmish, but it is the first slaying of Dúnedain by Dúnedain in the North.
990 Dunedain invent horizontal loom.
1015 King Ciryandil of Gondor slain by Haradrim, Black Numenoreans besiege Umbar.
1050 King Hyarmendacil I of Gondor defeats the Black Numenoreans, incorporating the
Umberean’s land territories into Gondor. He then defeats the Kings of Harad and is accepted
as their Overlord. Gondor at the height of its power expands and builds many border
fortresses.
1050-1100 King Thranduil builds the Halls of the Elven King in a hill overlooking the Forest
River (S. Taurduin) in northeast Greenwood.
1084-1092 Arthedain, Cardolan, and Rhudaur undertake a more serious quarrel over Amon Sûl.
1100-1200 Cardolan reaches its peak of prosperity under the reign of its fourth King, Tarandil
who introduces large-scale sheep herding. Tharbad thrives as a center of trade and
manufacture.
1197 Calimendil, King of Cardolan attempts to conquer Rhudaur, which has fallen under
the rule of a Hillmen usurper.
1235 Disaster of Cameth Brin. Calimendil, besieging the capitol of Rhudaur, is surprised
by an Orcish army from Mount Gundabad. The professional forces of Cardolan cut their
way out with heavy losses; but Calimendil, his sons, and the entire ruling Barons of

9
 Cardolan (who had gathered for a premature victory celebration) are slain when the Orcs
capture the exposed Royal Pavilion.
1235-1248 The Time of Troubles in Cardolan. Civil war on national and baronial levels, foreign
intervention, raids from Rhudaur. This ends indecisively and stews for the next ten years.
1248 King Vidugavia of the Eothraim helps Gondorian Crown-prince Minalcar defeat the
Easterlings around the Rhun Sea. This cements the ties between the Gondorians and
Eothraim. Romendacil II (He was Prince Minalcar of Gondor not the Cardolan Minalcar of
1284!) of Gondor is crowned king. Unlike his four predecessors, his rule favors
consolidation and a shift to strengthening the North of Gondor’s lands.
1253 Valacar son of Romendacil II and Commander of the Rhovanion Marches marries
Vidugavia’s daughter Vidumavi. They son Vinitharya (Eldacar) is born soon after.
1257 Cardolans troubles begin once more; Tharbad which had been neutral is in danger of
being seized by a number of rival claimants. The Garrison of the Cardolan Army and the
Militia look like they may take sides if a siege occurs. The Gondorian Garrison in Tharbad
declares that it will fight any invaders. Then marching from Moria, the Host of Durin’s
Dwarves arrive unexpectedly, the first time they have been seen since the Second Age. They
declare that they too will fight any invaders. Protected by the Naurgrim (S. Dwarves) in full
battle array the situation calms and a council is arranged to decide the matter.
1258 A council convened in Cardolan, the Wise are asked to choose a claimant to the
throne. They elect Tarcil from among many claimants in 1258.
1276 Angmarean forces drive out the Dwarves of Carn Dum, all Angmar is over run now.
1284-1287 Arthedain and Cardolan war over possession of Amon Sûl. Minalcar (not to be
confused with the Gondorian Prince of 1248) establishes himself as regent of Cardolan, as
his legitimate half-brother Tarastor son of Tarcil is ineffective as a military leader.
1304-1350 Rhudaur struggles against Angmar, finally Hillmen and Dunmen allied to Angmar
seize control. The refuges from Rhudaur flee to Arthedain and Cardolan.
1332 Death of Tarastor of Cardolan. Minalcar, crowned as King, accepts Argeleb of
Arthedain’s claims to the High Kingship of Arnor in 1349, and is promised autonomy. The
High Kinship means little in real terms, however.
1345 As Rhudaur falls under the shadow of Angmar, Celebendil Melosse, the Aran-onen-
Egladil (S. Lord of the Angle) and one of the five great nobles of Rhudaur, was determined
to remain in his country; he openly revolted against his King. Celebendil had long served as
Warden of Rhudaur, and thus had won the loyalty of the Northron mercenaries who
garrisoned the remaining Beacon Towers of the central and southern Kingdom. With the aid
of these doughty blond warriors, Celebendil's little realm long remained a breakwater
against the southern expansion of the evil power of Angmar and it’s lackeys. Rhudaur south
of the Great East Road is strengthened against Angmarian attack.
c1350 Supply trains from the east near the Rhun Sea are believed to be supporting Angmar.
1352-1359 First Northern War. Arthedain and Cardolan versus Rhudaur and Angmar. Angmar
is now recognized as the center of an Orc realm which uses Easterlings as mercenaries and
is helped by the Orcs of Mount Gundabad and Goblin Gate.
1353 The defiance of the Aran-onen-Egladil lasted until the First Northern War when the
Lord and his sons fell in battle, and House Melosse was driven from its last outposts.
Celebendil's bold grand-daughter, the half-Northron, Lady Vulfredda, rallied the remnants
of the mercenary army and recaptured her ancestral lands in southern Rhudaur by 1355.
1356 Argeleb I of Arthedain killed in the Northern War. Arveleg I is inaugurated.
1358 A Comet passes through the Heavens and is seen as a good omen by the Dunedain
Seers.
1358 Lady Vulfredda's campaigns prevents a battalion of Easterling cavalry on route to
Angmar from taking the shorter march through the High Pass and the East Road. This
obstruction helps the armies of Arthedain and Cardolan to win their major victory near
Nothva Rhaglaw later that year.

10
1366 Valacar crowned King of Gondor.
1370 Northmen east of the Misty Mountains start a campaign to hunt down and destroy
the Angmar supply trains. They succeed in destroying many.
1381 Coronation of King Ostoher of Cardolan. New era of cooperation between Cardolan
and Arthedain begins.
1395 Orcs from Mount Gundabad move east to secure the supply trains for Angmar. The
Beornings, Woodmen and Men of Dale now limited in their ability to destroy them.
1397 Dwarves of the Iron Hills which did not take notice of the Mannish Angmarean
supply caravans, notice the Orcs. The balance against the supply trains shifts once more
against Angmar but many caravans still make it through.
1400 Celebration in Arthedain and Cardolan of the Two Fold Seven Centuries Year.
Galadriel and Celeborn are seen less in Dor-en-Ernil and are presumed to be journeying
once more.
1408 Rumours of Orcs from Angmar riding War Wolves. Winter raiding in the Aran-
onen-Egladil by Dunlendings, Hillmen and Orcs.

11
The Tale of the Circle

1408 The new Circle forms in the summer. They are Berathiela the Sindarin from Edhellond,
Elanilar the half Elf from Lorien, Hador the Dunedain from Arthedain and Thirgrim the Woodman
from Greenwood. They meet Fingoland, a ranger and their “northern” Circle contact in Tharbad,
capital of Cardolan. Their “southern” Circle contact, Taresh a Gondorian nobleman has not been
met.
They Travel into Rhudaur, south of the Great East Road then journey to the Royal Barrows
of Rhudaur. Fingoland discovers the artefacts he was looking for and returns to Cardolan. They
meet the Dunlending villager Malm Bairg.
Baird asks them the next day if the party can help on a little expedition his Aunt, Cigfa
Bairg is forming at The Last Inn. She is a Shaman of the Dunlendings. The expedition takes them
into NE Rhudaur and many items are reclaimed from a group of bandits long ago slain by the Royal
Rangers. A magical horn is given to Cigfa Baird. The party travels to Annuminas, capital of
Arthedain and hands in the rest.
Arriving in Annuminas, Hador meets Ashamial a Dunedain lord and Tokala his ward both
of whom he befriends. Later he meets Iluvinel Orros who he walks out with. Elanilar stays at the
house of Salominal, Noldorian ambassador to the Grey Havens. Berathiela stays with Denmelius,
the replacement for the Royal Gardner who is on leave. While in Annuminas our heroes are invited
to a ball by Duchess Demenorea and barely manage to get by with their social skills.
The party is asked by the Arthedain authorities to help with a problem in Northa Raglaw.
Enroute they discover that the Gwador Dol (S. Brother’s Tower) has been besieged and the Brothers
are missing, they discover the Book of Days. Arriving in Northa Raglaw they meet Lady Tuliminar,
Mage Resident of Arthedain. Their investigations lead them to Witbert a Holy man and Hannai his
apprentice. The culprit of the murders is found to be Telthelaw, Head Librarian of Northa Raglaw.
He is part of an organisation called The Claw, which also has an Easterling Shaman as a member. It
is here that they first meet the Dunedain twins Iovin and Alnoth who are bards. A feast is held in
their honour and they meet Thegn Walvoric and War chief Aethelstan.
Returning to Annuminas they socialise there some more. They have an interview with
Malbeth the High Seer concerning the book they found belonging to Telthelaw, the dark mage.
Hador starts to investigate his background. Then they head south to continue the Circle’s work in
Cardolan.
Travelling to Tharbad they meet Bandol “The Bragger” who turns out to be a Dunlending
prince.
Berathiela and Elanilar meet Findegil Finwarin and his wife Lemaril who is the eldest
daughter of the Dameron family. The party becomes involved in thwarting an extortion ring which
they defeat. They meet Nagron leader of the Blue Mountains Dwarves in Tharbad and the Dwarven
ranger Sadril.
Elanilar decides to stay in Tharbad and do research on the Book of Years. Hador travels to
his homelands in Southern Arthedain and learns of his possible Royal background (cue Big Ego).
Lady Clarinal Dameron has a vision that she must join the party’s quest and does so against her
family’s wishes.
Our party help the Dwarven Ambassador to Cardolan, Bawen Stoutaxe to rescue Duildin
and Daldin the Dwarves from a mine in “The Angle” of Rhudaur. Bawen then guides them to Amon
Lind in the Misty Mountains to seek advice on finding a piece of the “Ladies Voyager”.
While in Amon Lind, Hador learns more of his ancestors past and the danger of the forces
involved. Berathiela meets the dashing Delstron, Captain of the Amon Lind guard. Clarinal has
some singing and music lessons. Thirgrim learns more of etiquette and outdoor skills. Feamire tells
them that what remains for the ship lies at the bottom of “North Lake”. Which is actually south of
Amon Lind in the Misty Mountains.

12
 Travelling to Arthedain they enlist the help of Cigfa Baird, who is revealed to be the High
Druid of the Dunlendings outside of Dunland, she travels with them to Tharbad where Bradol the
Bragger joins them as they journey onto the Misty Mountains.
Most of the rite of ice lake-diving is done by Hador’s companions, but he manages to obtain
the actual ship “The Ladies Voyager” from the Ainur called Melosse! Forming a crew as best they
can the companions of the Circle return to Tharbad and learn why the vessel is known as “The ship
that sings”.
Returning to Tharbad, the ship is provisioned curtsey of the Dwarven Ambassador Bawen;
Lord Dameron and Bradol finance the ship so it is ready to sail. The party is then invited to a Royal
banquet and dance. Clarinal does a reasonable rendition on the harp. Thirgrim makes the
acquaintance of Galnas squire to Baron Nostean. Berathiela dances well and manages to catch the
eye of Sildonim the Crown Prince. He arranges to visit the ship the next day. He arrives with his
sister Nirandel and Lord Falathar. A crew is found with the aid of the Portmaster. Shortly after this
the Ladies Voyager speaks to Clarinal and following the ships advise, a crew is advertised for, to go
on the greatest quest of the Third Age. Once the crew is chosen they travel out to sea then north up
the Brandywine (S. Baranduin).
The ship is now in Arthedain, the party lands and finds Dunlending villagers hiding under
trees from a storm whose rain blinds many of those who are caught in it. They retake the Hillfort
sending the undead to their sleep once more. The legend of King Bradreal is recounted, and the
adventurers venture the next day to his tomb. They defeat the undead King and find words of the
Black Speech in blood on the cave floor. They research the coming and goings of the merchant
Talnis before heading north to Annuminas.
On arriving in Annuminas it becomes apparent that the Royal Court has decided in favor of
Hador’s claim. He becomes embroiled in the ceremony to come. The ladies pursue the meaning of
the Black Speech text, and find it was a ritual to summon Akhorahil, a noble of the royal blood of
ancient Númenór.
Feamire, mentor of Clarinal contacts her and asks the party to investigate the area known as
the Aran-onen-Egladil, the southern portion of old Rhudaur. Leaving the Ladies Voyager at the
border they joined a merchant caravan only to find their old friend Iovin and his companion
Dagflan are already investigating the same matter. They arrived in the northernmost “stone tree”
Tower of Lady Vulfredda's defense against Angmar. They find it under attack by Hillmen and beset
by a Dream Vampire. After ridding the tower of the bracelet that had let the evil in, they ventured
south to Amon Lind and were granted magical weapons to aid them.
Journeying on to Tharbad, the crew is given shore leave and the group looks forward to
some rest and entertainment. Going to a official ball on there second day back they create quite an
impression. Duke Mablung Girthlin is in attendance with his daughter Malalias. Clarinal starts a
conversation with this reputably ill tempered noble who seems on his best behaviour as this is the
ball his daughter has chosen to enter society. After Hador dances with his daughter, Mablung
remains jovial but dismissive of Hador. They learn of the loss of the River’s Way, a Dunedain
merchant vessel.
Hador is asked by the Lord Chancellor Nimhir to act as a independent arbitrator in a dispute
between the capital and the shanty town. Relocation in the Angle is proposed and with Hador’s
financial backing gets of the ground. The party take part in the town fair. Clarinal wins Best
Storyteller, with her tale of the return of a ill fated ship and its evil voyage. Berathiela wins best
Lady Archer and Golden Croquet Player. (Special GM award - Thirgrim and Berathiela win best
comedy double act). Hador wins runner up Strongman Cup.
The resettlement agreement for some of the shanty town dwellers goes ahead but on a
evening which is most fated. Just after the agreement is signed Lord Echorion Girthlin turns up with
some of his Houses troops claiming he feared of riots and had come to help. Hador grows
suspicious of him, but all left the tent on hearing a terrible crunching crash through the mist. It
became clear that the boat and crew from the Rivers Way had returned, but are now undead
creatures bent on Hador’s destruction. Lining up their troops the two Dunedain lords and Clarinal

13
were joined fortuitously by the other two members of the Circle. A stoic defence and valiant
counter attack put paid to the evil creatures.
The next day after being fitted out for her new dress, Clarinal was duped into eating a
gorgeous red apple which nearly killed her but instead sent her into an enchanted sleep. She was
taken to the Sisters of Este’s chapel but has yet to waken. On finding the prophecy of a fourth sister
written in glowing Quenyan on Clarinal’s staff our troop sets out to find her. Hador eventually
decides they need to check into the female members of House Girthlin. After a concerted effort by
Berethiela she realised that the forth sister was none other than Malaias Girthlin, who has now
joined the Circle.
Bradol is visited by Duke Girthlin who wishes him to watch over his daughter Malaias while
she is with the Ship. Bradol’s mind is cast back to events when he was twenty, his awkward first
visit to Duke Girthlin’s summer farmhouse retreat. This is where he first met Malaias and Cigfa
Baird. That evening he helped see off a raid led by Camrynn a Dunland brigand. He met his first
love Cilwen a Dunlending servant girl, a romance cut short by her disappearance. But as Duke
Girthlin reveals she was sent to a monastery by him at the bequest of Bradol’s father. Realising that
his feelings for her had not died, he resolves to set out to find her; even though she apparently went
missing from the monastery a year ago.
The very next morning Malaias finds herself locked in her room and Echorion, her brother,
they learn that Duke Girthlin has banned visitors to the Girthlin manse until midday. Eventually
working out that their father is going to have a duel of honour with Lord Dameron, they set to try to
stop it. Echorion’s own honour means he cannot go to the duelling field so it is left to the three
ladies Berathiela, Clarinal and Lemaril. After much persuasion the duelists agree to stand down.
Visiting Bradol that afternoon, the party find out about the tale of Cilwen and determine to
set out and help him in his quest. They sail the Ship that Sings to the Southeast and then ride to the
monastery. Speaking to the Abbess and a friend of Cilwen they determine that she became friends
with an itinerant fellow called “the brown tinker”. She had developed an ability to speak to any
bird, and he convinced her to come south with him to the village of Pulney. By the repeated use of
her animal speaking and augury powers Malaias discovers Cilwen is in Witches Wood and the
Brown Tinker is a trustworthy fellow; her headaches start to flare up.
On reaching Pulney, our heroes discover that a wizard lives occasionally in a nearby wood,
but that a woman has taken up residence a year ago. Witches Wood turns out to be full of birds, and
the servant of the tower Old Mac takes them to see his mistress. A magical bird called Hawk is sent
to bring Hador and Bradol from where they are waiting. An awkward introduction been Bradol and
Cilwen follows. A second magical bird called Crow introduces himself, and gets mistaken for a
Crebain by Berathiela. Cilwen agrees to think about her old tie to Bradol, and enlists their help with
a matter at Gramburg, a small town on the border with Dunland. She sends Crow with them to be
their guide.
Reaching Gramburg, they visit the Sister who had sent a plea for help and the Captain of the
Guard. It seems that Dundlending raiders have been harassing the region with cut and burn tactics.
They also have gained possession of superior old ancient Dunlending weaponry. Setting out east the
next day they find abandoned farmsteads burnt to the ground. Picking up the raiders trial they head
into Dunland. Hador’s Cardolan Blue spots a small group heading southeast, the party changes
course to intercept them.
The small band of Dunlendings turns out to be led by Rurik, chieftain of the village Bradol
was taking them to. They learn that the brigands are led by Camrynn, the same brigand who had
raided Duke Girthlin’s summer farmhouse retreat some ten years ago. The brigands are holed up in
a ruined Dunlending tower to the east. They also hear the story of King Bregor who now haunts the
tower. Lod, a sorcerer with Camrynn band, rid the tower of the ghost, which now stalks the land.
Rurik’s band was attacked by the ghost the night before, and the party prepare for it’s reappearance
that night. Thirgrim shows the ladies how healing should be done. The ghost appears, tries to grab a
sword, and then attacks one of the Dunlendings, before being driven off.

14
 Arriving in Rurik’s village, the Circle enjoys a hearty feast that evening. Berathiela and
Malaias give a harp and singing rendition, Malaias still seems to have lost her voice. Thirgrim joins
in the axe throwing contest and just about hits the target. Rurik’s brother pulls the old “brides
haircut” joke on Malaias. Rurik’s warriors and our adventurers set out for Bregor’s ruined tower.
Once there the Dunlendings have a duel of name calling. Then the fight begins.
Bradol and Rurik lead the charge against the twenty strong brigand band. Malaias
concentrates on Lod. Berathiela and Thrigrim strike down Lod’s animals. Hador pushes through to
strike down Camrynn. Crow flies in and snatches the staff from Lod’s hands, the fury that had fired
up the brigands deserting them. Bregor’s ghost appears, takes it’s sword from Camrynn’s dead
hands and cuts down Lod as he tries to flee, his heirloom once more in his hand the ghost
disappears into the blood soaked ground.
On their return to Gramburg our fellowship is visited by Feamire of Amon Lind, Clarinal’s
mentor. They find out that Clarinal has been sent to Lothlorien for healing and that she traveled
with Echorion, brother of Malaias. This was under the advice of the wizard of the wood, Cilwen’s
mentor, who Feamire calls Radagast the brown. Feamire knows a surprising amount about this area,
indeed it was he who told Hador where to find a ‘piece’ of the Lady’s Voyager and supplied them
with intelligence about tribes in Dunland coming under the sway of the shadow. He asks them now
to follow Clarinel’s retinue to Lothlorien as he has foreseen a foul fate for Echorion unless he has
help in his hour of need.
Our heroes and heroines head south east over the Misty Mountains and pass a Dwarven
encampment who ask of news of Gondor. It seems Gondor is undergoing a civil war, but details are
slim. In Caras Galadhon they hear the story of Crow, a thief who wormed his way into the heart of a
Noldo lady, only to desert her with all her possessions. She cursed him with a form unto his nature
and he became a crow. Eventfully his character reformed and under Cilwen’s guidance he has
become an agent of the free peoples.
In Lothlorien they find that Clarinal is now in the garden of dreams where it is hoped she
will recover and meet Amaril, sister of Lord Dalmeron. Hador is taken by Galadriel to see her
mirror. He sees a vision of winter come to Artherdain; a cold wind blows from the north, crops fail
and farm animals are stillborn. Seasons pass, at the base of a hill on which sits a giant withered tree
is a great army of orcs, trolls and men. Their leader is a figure cloaked in black atop a black steed
with a iron crown on his head, the device of the black crown on red field is seen. Echorian rode of a
week previously to hunt down a giant spider that is rumoured to live near Buhr Waldleas
(Strayhold). The party decide they must press on if they are to stop Echorian meeting his fate.
A few weeks later they reach Strayhold. Thirgrim meets a friend of the Woodmen here,
Wartik the herbalist. Berathiela seeks out an agent of Lothorien here, Midmen Parsel. They learn
that Strayhold was taken over a few months ago by Leardinoth who is said to be a mage and his
mercenaries. They all run into Iovin the Dunedain bard in the Quill and Inkwell inn. Malaias
decides to visit Leardinoth. He tells her that her brother did visit him, but the Ennerling mothered
the giant spiders that are seen in Southern Greenwood, but he could not stay her brothers folly in his
desire to hunt it. Joining forces with Iovin they scour the Greenwood. They find men trust up in
cocoons and manage to escape with them one is Echorian badly poisoned. But the other two who
they thought were children turn out to be little men and introduce themselves as Gorhendad
Oldbuck and Isengrim Took.
It was they Iovin was looking for at the behest of Dagflan the old Artherdain wise man.
Echorin is taken back to Strayhold where he is left in the care of Wartik. The party go with Iovin
once more into the woods and are led to the secret home of the little men, who call themselves
Hobbits. They hear that these strange people can no longer stay in this part of the woods and need a
new, safer home. Dagflan and Iovin confer with Hador and it is agreed that they should move to
Artherdain where there is vacant land these little green fingered fellows could farm for Artherdain
is in need of food as the winters are growing longer. Dagflan tells Hador that he and his companions
should use his real name when among the Hobbits, which is Gandalf. The party start the long trek

15
west with the Hobbits and have left the eaves of Greenwood heading to the Misty Mountains when
last we saw them.

The Circle
Berathiela (20/81) Sindarian Lady. Of a noble Edhelond family.
Clarinal (20/81) Noldo/Dunedain Lady. Of House Dameron.
Hador (30/51) Dunedain Lord. Of the Royal line of Artherdain.
Malaias (20/93) Noldo/Dunedain Lady. Of House Mablung.
Thirgrim (also Bradol) (35/51) Woodman. Of Yeoman status, an honorary Ranger of Artherdain.

Personages of Note
(apparent age / appearance)

Arthedain

Royal Household:
Arveleg (40/90) The King. Consummate leader, famous for his archery skill.
Liriel (30/91) The Queen. She is the Lady of the Court, and a famous musician.
Argeleb (21/99) Crown Prince. Known for his scholastic knowledge.
Minastir (19/74) Prince. Commander of the South, devoted to the military.
Nirena (30/99) Princess. Married to Valandil Lome (30/98) who is Baragund’s uncle.
Iralindiel (18/99) Princess. Songstress and storyteller.
Belarawen (45/80) Kings older sister. Abbess of the Sisters of Vana.
Dolruin (35/90) Kings younger brother. Abbot of the Brothers of Aule.
Baragund Lome (30/95) 3rd cousin to the Crown Prince. “Princes Scribe”.
Belavanna Lome (30/100) 3rd cousin to the Crown Prince. Lady, “Adjutant Herald”.

At Court:
Malbeth (70/50) High Seer and Kings Council.
Vaymacil (60/ 80) Chancellor. Council of Channelists.
Esgaltur (50/70) “Second Interpreter”, Master of Languages.
Lotholur (32/90) Captain of the Royal Guard.

Noble Houses:
Hyarr – 7 red stars beneath a red ship on a blue background.
Caramir (40/96); Extensive mercantile interests.
Ammerithiel (25/98) his wife. Silvan Elf.
Borohir (30/90) his Son and heir. Commander of the Dagrim Hyarr.
Barahir (20/90) his Grandson. Young blade.
Malvegil (55/80) his Uncle. Arequain Iaur in the Dagarim Aran (S. Royal Army).
Mabdain (55/70) his Uncle. Baron of southern Arthedain, former Courtier.
Edhelion (70/50) his Great Uncle. Great Council of Seers.
Fanethen (70/55) his Great Aunt. Council of Mentalists.
Tembrith (40/80) his Cousin. Commander of the Rembar Tirrim (S. Citadel Guard).
Foro – 7 white stars in a constellation on a green field.
Dulraldur (45/89); Explorer in his youth. Collector of antiquities, rarely in court.
Pirothiel (45/90) his wife. Courtier.
Aldarion (16/80) his grandson and heir. A Herald of the Court.
Barstoran (50/80) his uncle. Abbot of Tulkas.
Lansila (30/90) his sister. Her designs for clothes are known throughout the lands.

16
Noirin – 7 white stars on a black chalice, orange field.
Narathiel (50/75); Lady of the Court, was married to Galtaradil, son of Rómendacil II
(Minalcar) King of Gondor, now deceased.
Gilrana (30/80) her daughter. Shockingly one of the Tirrim Aran (Royal Guard).
Erhuan (20/75) her grandson & heir. Commander of the Dagrim Noirin.
Mirien (20/90) her granddaughter. Lady in Waiting to the Queen.
Tarma – 7 gold stars in a arch on a white field.
Finralin (60/80) Once a famous knight, now a famous Courtier.
Barfindal (38/95) his grandson and heir. Commander of the Dagarim Tarma.
Marl Tarma (30/100) his great-grandson. Commander of the Feryth Aran (Royal Rangers).
Ercar (35/80) his nephew. Courtier, diplomat to Gondor.
Orro – 7 green stars in a arch above a green crescent on a white field.
Haldan (50/40) Mercantile interests, Courtier.
Kalmere (30/80) his son and heir. Captain in the Dagarim Aran.
Jelond (40/80) his brother. One of the King’s Cordagar (S. War Circle).
Tarela (35/70) his daughter. Abbess of the Sisters of Nienna.
Iluvinel (20/85) his grand daughter. Has a +45 in “Detect - Frogs who will become Princes”.
Belathir (25/85) his grandson. Artherdain’s Legate to Gondor.
Eketta – 7 red stars in a circle on a white field.
Methilir (25/97) Swordsman and scholar.
Luthien (20/96) his wife. Seamstress.
Kalant (20/90) his younger brother. Captain of the Feryth Aran.
Trethil (50/70) his uncle. Roquen of the War Circle of the Dagrim Aran.
Halamir (40/80) his uncle. Commander of the Tirrim Aran (S. Royal Guard).
Emerie – 7 large red stars in a circle on a yellow field.
Telcrist (25/90) Former Captain of the Feryth Aran (S. Royal Rangers).
Miraldawen (22/95) his wife. Seamstress, chef and herbalist.
Carriniel (40/80) his grandmother. Abbess of the Sisters of Vanna.
Falon (40/80) his uncle. Commander of the Ethiron Aran (S. Royal Militia).
Tuliminar (30/85) his 2nd cousin. A mage, grand daughter of the High Seer.

Cardolan:

Royal Household:
Ostoher (35/90) The King. Seen as a modernizer.
Lotheniel (30/95) The Queen. Poetess.
Sildonim (22/90) Crown Prince. Commander of the Malthoth (S. Gold Helms).
Braegil (18/85) Prince. Whatever he wears, all young noblemen will follow.
Nirandel (16/95) Princess. Student in all ladylike activities.
Paymetil (45/70) Kings Uncle. Abbot of Ulmo.
Fornedon (40/85) kings nephew. Commander of the Tirram Cardolan Aran (Royal Guard).

At Court:
Ulumrey (65/80) High Seer. Rarely seen at court a traditionalist.
Nimhir (60/70) Chancellor “A man for all seasons”.
Eardil (45/80) Minister of Justice. Known for his eagle like visage and eyes.
Minastan (40/75) Mayor of Tharbad, vocally anti Arthedain, formerly in the Royal Army.
Tardegil (35/90) Capt of the Tirram Cardolan Aran (S. Royal Cardolan Guard).
Asgon (40/85) High Captain of the Cair Aran (S. Royal Navy).
Amrith (45/80) Commander of the Feryth Cardolan Aran (S. Royal Cardolan Rangers).
Guilrod (30/70) Captain of the Cardolan Guard in Tharbad. Former Young Blade.

17
Ciramir (50/80) Gondorian Legate in Tharbad. Elder Statesmen.
Imlach (30/85) Captain of the Gondorian Guard in Tharbad. Favourite of the Commons.
Demeron (40/90) Nodo. Retired ambassador to Lorien.

Noble Houses:
Girthlin, Mablung (45/70) “The Bull” distrusts Arthedain. Rarely in court.
Earnil (40/90) his brother. Swordsman, Courtier and Poet.
Echorion (30/95) his eldest son and heir. Commander of the Dargirm Girthlin.
Falathar (20/90) his second son. Famous gambler.
Malaias (20/93) his daughter. Recently found out Lord Demeron is her father.
Teponi (35/90) his sister. Educated lady of leisure, married to Barahir.
Barahir (35/85) his brother-in-law. Council of Channelists.
Calantir, Celeph (40/80) Statesman, Council of Mentalists.
Finduilas (25/76) his daughter. A Mage and noted traditionalist.
Galthornis (50/80) his uncle. Commander of the Dagarim Aran (S. Royal Cardolan Army).
Toffolia (40/70) his aunt. Abbess of Yavanna.
Osrim (20/85) his nephew and heir. Son of Galthonis. Warrior-Elementalist.
Findegil Finwarin (30/90) his 2rd cousin. Merchant and Elven admirer.
Tinare, Duin (40/90) Soldier and loremaster.
Hallas (80/25) his uncle “The Old Wolf”, ex Commander, courtier.
Ostomir (30/90) his son and heir. Learned warrior.
Celedur (20/85) his grandson, son of Ostomir. Mentalist.
Faradil (30/95) his grandson. Barhir (25/75) his grandson. Gambler and poet.
Lorrana (25/90) his granddaughter, residing with relatives in Arthedain.
Gwathlo, Lanaigh (45/70) “The Trollbane” (Dunnish region called by Dunlendings “Saralainn”)
Mertich (25/80) his eldest son. Famous for his axe throwing and his moustache.
Bevane (45/75) his brother. Abbot of Orome.
Fiftha (20/90) his daughter. Songstess and Poetess.
Firoel (35/40) his cousin (the Mactosh of Mactosh) Chief of the Royal Clan.
Bradol (35/90) “the Bragger” his nephew. His wife died two years ago.
Gorthad, Pelendur (40/97) Master of lore and languages. Elf friend.
Olisial (20/95) his daughter. Songtress, dancer, Lady of the Court.
Pelenwen (30/100) his sister. Elf friend. Circle of Channelists.
Hiladwen (45/90) his aunt. Abbess of Vaire.
Hilithiel (20/95) his niece. Courtier and scholar.
Feotar, Bemakinda (30/90) Former ranger in the Royal Rangers (House has Northmen blood)
Intulis (25/85) his brother. Commands the Dagarim Feotar.
Godwestrin (40/80) his uncle. Commander of the Royal Yeoman Archers.
Alfesan (45/85) his uncle. Commander of the Cruaidh Maraich (S. Steel Riders).
Noristwin (25/90) his daughter. Has red hair, expert horsewoman.

The Dalmeron Family

Naeron (35/90) Noldo Lord. Warrior/Diplomat. Children are from first marriage to Dunedain lady.
Salerial (30/95) his wife. Noldo Lady.
Finroe (18/95) his son. Warrior/Bard.
Lemaril (30/98) his oldest daughter. Gifted in finding a husband.
Clarinal (20/81) his middle daughter. Gifted in vision.
Tamernal (17/95) his youngest daughter. Gifted in healing.

Amon Lind
Sulkano (19/75) Noldo Lord of Amon Lind, Mage, Alchemist, Crafter.
Lalaith (30/100) Noldo Lady. Graced by the vision of Varda; Mage, Songtress, Crafter.

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Feamire (30/98) Noldo/Sindar Lord. Mage, Bard, Architect, Engineer.
Helkama (35/80) Noldo Lord. Mage, Alchemist, Crafter.
Moranar (25/85) Noldo Lady. Mage, Alchemist, Crafter.
Eleniril (40/75) Noldo/Sindar Lord. Mage, Alchemist, Historian, Natural Historian.
Teletasare (20/98) Sindarin Lady. Mage, Healer, Chef, Crafter.
Delestron (30/95) Sindarin noble. Captain of the Guard.

Western Rhovanion

Vagaig (40/75) Regent of Dor Rhunen. Gondorian noble.

Learindoth (50/75) Lord Mage of Strayhold. Dunedain noble.

The Eothraim:
King Vidurafin (60/70) High Thane of the Waildings. Lord of Buhr Widu.
Prince Vidustain (25/90) his eldest son, he excels in riding and the exercise of arms.
Mahrcared (35/70) Thyne of the Ailgarthas. Lord of Bhur Ailgra.
Uirdiks (40/80) Thane of the Withras riders of the Talath Harroch hills.

The Woodman:
Waulfa (50/70) High Althyn of the Sairtheod people.

Beijaber:
Beoraborn (40/60) Waetan of Sarn Lothduin.

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Valar, Spirits and Magic

Aetur: (S. Magic, also Power or Essence) That fluid portion of the substance of Ea (the universe)
subject to the direct manipulation of the will. Generated by all “spirits” whether Ainur (Holy
Spirits) or Incarnates such as Elves, Dwarves and Men. There are three realms of Aetur (Magic).
That of Essence utilizes the power that exists in everything and everyone in Middle Earth. It
represents a force and order which defines or helps define the World. It has its source in The Song
(Ainulindale) which created Arda (the World) and the order of things. An Essence user taps this
power, molds it, and diverts it into spells. The second realm of magic Channeling refers to the
demiurgic activity of the Valar and Maia. A Channelist uses spells drawn directly from one or more
of the Valar or from the essence the Valar have imbued in the substance of Arda (the world). This
requires their consent, and all Channelists are dedicated to the Valar in some way. The third realm
of magic is Mentalism. A Mentalist uses their own internal essence patterns to produce spells.

Ainulindale: (Q. Music of the Ainur) The first book in the Eldar cycle concerning the origin and
history of Arda (the world). It is the story of the creation of Eä (the world and the heavens)
according to the lore of the Eldar (Elves). Some refer to the work as “The Great Music or Great
Song”, referring to the Music born from Eru’s (God’s) word and conceived by the choirs of the
Ainur (Holy Spirits), the song that spawned existence.

Ainur: (Q. Holy Spirits, sing. Ainu) The divine servants of Eru, spirits, born of Eru’s thought. The
Valar and the Maiar are Ainur who reside in Arda (the World). Though formless they have gender
and can assume corporal form by taking up a Fana (physical body). Most exist in the Timeless halls
outside Eä. Also called The Singers.

Eä: (Existence) Eä is all that is, the whole of Eru's Creation and includes Arda and Heaven (Menel).
Born out of the Great Music (Ainulindalë) that defined the divine order of existence, it remains
bound by the patterns (Essence) of the Song. Outside of Eä are the Timeless Halls of Eru (The One)
most Ainur (Holy Spirits) and the Void (Nothingness).

Eru: (S. The One or He that is Alone; Q. Ilúvatar) The creator of Eä and all things within and
without. In the beginning Eru, the One, who in the Elvish tongue is named Ilúvatar, made the Ainur
of his thought; and they made a great Music before him. In this Music the World was begun; for
Ilúvatar made visible the song of the Ainur, and they beheld it as a light in the darkness. And many
among them became enamoured of its beauty, and of its history which they saw beginning and
unfolding as in a vision. Therefore Ilúvatar gave to their vision being, and set it amid the Void, and
the Secret Fire was sent to burn at the heart of the World; and it was called Eä.

Faerie: (W. Faerie, Fay) Lesser immortal spirits, ancient ones are lesser Maiar. Most magical
creatures on middle earth are Fay. Many are creatures of legend like the Giant Eagles and the Ents.
Some say Morgoth created foul versions to spite them such as Dragons and Trolls.

Maiar: (Q. sing. Maia) The lesser Ainur who entered Eä as servants of the Valar. They are also
known as the People of the Valar, the Servants of Valinor, and the Servants of the Guardians. The
ignorant (notably among Men) call them "Lesser Gods." Sauron was a fallen Maiar.

Sauron: The Dark Lord, A lesser Ainur or Maiar. He inherited the forces of evil Morgoth his
master had controlled. He warred against the Free Peoples and deceived them many times till his
destruction in Mordor at the end of the Second Age.

Valar: (Q. sing. Vala; S. Belain; S. sing. Balan) The greater of the Ainur who entered Eä as
guardians and executors of Eru's vision. There were originally fifteen Valar; however Melkor

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(Morgoth) fell from grace, leaving seven male and seven female Valar. Melkor's name was never
again spoken by the Exalted and he was counted as the greatest of the Great Enemies, Morgoth. The
Valar are also known as the Mighty, the Exalted, the Great Ones, the Lords of Arda, the Guardians,
the Lords of Valinor, the Lords of the West, and (by the ignorant) the Gods. They are:

Aulë: The Smith. Lord of Crafts. Master of the Earth. Maker of Dwarves. Husband of
Yavanna. Association: Earth; inanimate earth, crafting, materiality. Colour brown. His lordship is
over all the solid earth of which Arda is made. In the beginning he wrought much in fellowship with
Manwë and Ulmo; and the fashioning of all lands was his labour. He is a smith and a master of all
crafts, and he delights in works of skill, however small, as much as in the mighty building of
creation. His are the gems that lie deep in the Earth and the gold that is fair in the hand, no less than
the walls of the mountains and the basins of the sea. The Noldor learned much from him, and he
was ever their friend. He helped to build the island Andor (Land of the Gift) for the Edain to live
on, it was called Númenórë in the High Eldarin tongue. Melkor (Morgoth) was jealous of him, for
Aulë was most like himself in thought and in powers; and there was long strife between them, in
which Melkor ever marred or undid the works of Aulë, and Aulë grew weary in repairing the
tumults and disorders of Melkor. Both, also, desired to make things of their own that should be new
and unthought-of by others, and delighted in the praise of their skill. But Aulë remained faithful to
Eru and submitted all that he did to his will; and he did not envy the works of others, but sought and
gave counsel. Whereas Melkor spent his spirit in envy and hate, until at last he could make nothing
save in mockery of the thought of others, and all their works he destroyed if he could.

Este: The Healer. Mistress of the Fountains of Renewal. The Gentle. Wife of Irmo.
Association: Renewal; healing, rest, peace. Colour grey. Healer of hurts and of weariness. She
brings healing and rejuvenation to all, for by her mild and soothing touch all wounds fade and all
sorrows are lifted. She walks not by day, but sleeps upon an island in the tree-shadowed lake of
Lórellin in Aman. From the fountains of Irmo and Estë all those who dwell in Valinor draw
refreshment; and often the Valar come themselves and find repose and easing of the burden of
Guardianship of Arda.

Irmo: Dream Master. Lord of Visions. Spirit Master. Desirer. Master of the Fountain of
Renewal. Husband of Este and younger brother of Namo and Nienna. Association: Spirits; dreams,
desires, emotions, love, visions and peace. Colour deep blue. In Lórellin are his gardens in the land
of the Valar, and they are the fairest of all places in the world, filled with many spirits. He does not
work in the open, his power is unseen and his influence is subtle even to the Wise. Seek not Irmo in
scenes of strife, or woe where conflict or physical power prevails. For he sends hope to men when
the dark that Morgoth begat covers the earth. Seek him in Inspiration, in Desire, in Hope, and in the
heart of the slumbering Hero before his day of great deeds.

Manwë: King of the Valar. Lord of the Breath of Arda. Husband of Varda, brother of
Melkor. Association: Air; sky, wind, weather, empathy, wisdom. Colour blue. He was appointed to
be, in the fullness of time, the first of all Kings: lord of the realm of Arda and ruler of all that dwell
therein. He best understands the mind of Eru and is noble and wise. In Arda his delight is in the
winds and the clouds, and in all the regions of the air, from the heights to the depths, from the
utmost borders of the Veil of Arda to the breezes that blow in the grass. All swift birds, strong of
wing, he loves, and they come and go at his bidding.

Melkor: (named Morgoth after his fall) The Mighty. The Unmaker. He who Arises in
Might. Brother of Manwë. Later known as The Great Enemy, The Black Enemy. The Nameless.
Association: Fire; heat, crafts, materiality, earth, now also cold/night/darkness. Colour now very
dark red or black. The greatest of the Ainur, but even in the beginning he was not King, for he was
never close enough to Eru’s thought. He shared power with the less powerful but more disciplined

21
Manwë. He wanted to create his own theme, his own version of existence within The Song of
Creation. This was the origin of Evil. He established a Lordship over Middle-Earth during the First
Age and was only overthrown in a cataclysmic battle which sunk much of northern Middle-Earth
and altered the World. Sauron, his chief Captain in the army of Darkness survived the Apocalypse.
Melkor is the main source of Evil magic, he corrupted Arda (the world) with Morifaire (Q. Dark
Essence), this Taint or Shadow (Q. Mordo) is the dark cultist’s source of power in Arda.

Namo: Spirit Master. Keeper of the Dead. Doomsmaster. Lord of the Halls of Awaiting.
Husband of Vaire, older brother of Nienna and Irmo. Association: Spirits; death, passing. Colour
black. Námo the elder dwells in Mandos, which is westward in Valinor. He is the keeper of the
Houses of the Dead, and the summoner of the spirits of the slain. He forgets nothing; and he knows
all things that shall be, save only those that lie still in the freedom of Ilúvatar (God). He is the
Doomsman of the Valar, the pronouncer of doom and judgement.

Nessa: Mistress of Celebration. Dancer. Wife of Tulkas and younger sister of Orome.
Association: Joy; celebration, happiness. Colour orange. Dancing is her specialty, bringing joy to
all. Dancing has religious significance; connected with power somewhat as singing is, although
more as a gift of joy and an expression of happiness. Lithe and fleet footed, she runs with the deer
she loves, and they follow her train wherever she goes in the wild; but she can outrun them, swift as
an arrow with the wind in her hair. In dancing she delights, and she dances in Valimar on lawns of
never-fading green.

Nienna: The Weeper. The Loner. The Sufferer. Sister of older brother Namo and younger
brother Irmo. Association: Conscience; grief, pity, suffering, healing after grief. Colour red. She
dwells alone. She is acquainted with grief, and mourns for every wound that Arda has suffered in
the marring by Melkor. So great was her sorrow, as the Music unfolded, that her song turned to
lamentation long before its end, and the sound of mourning was woven into the themes of the World
before it began. But she does not weep for herself; and those who hearken to her learn pity, and
endurance in hope. Her halls are west of Aman, upon the borders of the world; and she comes
seldom to the city of Valimar where all is glad. She goes rather to the halls of Mandos, which are
near to her own; and all those who wait in Mandos cry to her, for she brings strength to the spirit
and turns sorrow to wisdom. The windows of her house look outward from the walls of the world.

Oromë: The Huntsman. Tamer of Beasts. Master of the Wild. Forest Lord. Horn Sounder.
Husband of Vana and older brother of Nessa. Association: Nature; beasts, the wilds, forests. Colour
silver. Oromë is a mighty lord. If he is less strong than Tulkas, he is more dreadful in anger. Oromë
loved the lands of Middle-earth, and he left them unwillingly and came last to Valinor; and often of
old he passed back east over the mountains and returned with his host to the hills and the plains. He
is a hunter of monsters and fell beasts, and he delights in horses and in hounds; and all trees he
loves. Nahar is the name of his horse, white in the sun, and shining silver at night. The Valaróma is
the name of his great horn, the sound of which is like the rising of the Sun in scarlet, or sheer
lightning cleaving the clouds. Above all the horns of his host it was heard in the woods that
Yavanna brought forth in Valinor; for there Oromë would train his folk and his beasts for the
pursuit of the evil creatures of Melkor.

Tulkas: Champion of the Valar. The Valiant. Husband of Nessa. Association: Valor;
friendship, loyalty, laughter, hardiness, delight. Colour red-gold. Greatest in strength and deeds of
prowess is Tulkas. Tulkas laughs ever, in sport or in war, and even in the face of Melkor (Morgoth)
he laughed in battles before the Elves were born. He came last to Arda, to aid the Valar in the first
battles with Melkor. He delights in wrestling and in contests of strength; and rides no steed, for he
can outrun all things that go on feet, and he is tireless. His hair and beard are golden, and his flesh

22
ruddy; his weapons are his hands. He has little heed for either the past or the future, and is of no
avail as a counsellor, but is a hardy friend.

Ulmo: King of the Sea. Lord of Waters. Spirit of the Veins of the Earth. Association: Water;
sea, rain, springs, lakes. Colour: sea green. He is alone. He dwells nowhere long, but moves, as he
will in all the deep waters about the Earth or under the Earth. He is next in might to Manwë, and
before Valinor was made he was closest to him in friendship; but thereafter he went seldom to the
councils of the Valar, unless great matters were in debate. For he kept all Arda in thought, and he
has no need of any resting-place. At times he will come unseen to the shores of Middle-earth, or
pass far inland up firths of the sea, and there make music upon his great horns, the Ulumúri, that are
wrought of white shell; and those to whom that music comes, hear it ever after in their hearts, and
longing for the sea never leaves them again. But mostly Ulmo speaks to those who dwell in Middle-
earth with voices that are heard only as the music of water. For all seas, lakes, rivers, fountains and
springs are in his government; so that the Elves say that the spirit of Ulmo runs in all the veins of
the world.

Vaire: The Weaver. Mistress of the Loom of fate. Wife of Namo. Association: Time; fate,
tales and memory. Colour purple. In the Place of Souls she weaves all things that have ever been in
Time into her storied webs, and the halls of Mandos that ever widen as the ages pass are clothed
with them. Namo uses her chronicle to judge the doom of spirits. Quiet and serious her patience is
boundless.

Vana: The Ever Young. Mistress of Flowers and Song. Wife of Oromë and younger sister
of Yavanna. Association: Youth; birth, renewal, fire, the wilds, flowers and song. Colour spring
green. Utterly youthful and untamed, she was the embodiment of the Spring of Life. Her fiery
nature and passionate songs stir hearts to kindle memories of their younger years. All flowers spring
as she passes and open if she glances upon them; all birds sing at her coming.

Varda: Queen of the Valar, wife of Manwë. The Star-kindler. Queen of Light. Association:
Light; stars, the sun and moon, vision, hearing and insight. Colour white. Compassionate and wise
she is as bright as the light she embodies. She is the epitome of noble strength and beauty. Her
strong and active support of Elves and Men is well known. Too great is her beauty to be declared in
the words of Men or Elves; for the light of Ilúvatar lives still in her face. In light is her power and
her joy. Of all the Great Ones who dwell in this world the Elves hold Varda most in reverence and
love. Elbereth they name her, and they call upon her name out of the shadows of Middle-earth, and
uplift it in song at the rising of the stars.

Yavanna: Mistress of the Earth. Giver of Fruits. Keeper of Plants. Wife of Aule and older
sister of Vana. Association: Earth; animate earth, plants and agriculture. She is the lover of all
things that grow in the earth, and all their countless forms she holds in her mind, from the trees like
towers in forests long ago to the moss upon stones or the small and secret things in the mould. In
reverence Yavanna is next to Varda among the Queens of the Valar. In the form of a woman she is
tall and robed in green; but at times she takes other shapes. Some there are who have seen her
standing like a tree under heaven, crowned with the Sun; and from all its branches there spilled a
golden dew upon the barren earth, and it grew green with corn; but the roots of the tree were in the
waters of Ulmo, and the winds of Manwë spoke in its leaves. Kementári, Queen of the Earth, she is
surnamed in the Eldarin tongue.

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Races and Peoples

The Extraordinarily Rough Cultural Guide: Dunedain and Black Númenóreans are
Normans/Romans. Dunlendings are Celts. Easterlings and Variags are Huns. Haradrim are Arabic.
Hillman are Picts/Scots. Lossoth are Eskimos. Northmen (Beornings, Dorwinrim, Eothraim, Gots,
Grammuz plainsmen, Men of Dale, Woodmen) are Saxons.

Beffraen: A relatively primitive folk found in southern Minhiriath, the Beffraen are relatives of the
Drúedain, or Woses, of Drúwaith Iaur (Old Pûkel-land). Like the Hillmen of Rhudaur and the other
foothill regions of the Misty Mountains, they are also descendants of the ancient folk known as the
Mebion Bron. They are exceedingly reclusive, and most think them the stuff of legend.

Beornings: (Also known as the Beijabar) A people small in number but large in statue these are the
largest of the Northmen. Related most closely to the Woodmen and Dale-men. They live in the
passes and foothills of the eastern side of the Misty Mountains and the southern side of the Grey
Mountains. Some in the lowlands between these foothills. There presence is subtle, their wooded
manors seeming to merge with the landscape. They tend their holdings with a variety of friendly
animals, many normally wild that seem tame in their presence. Loners by nature but they still enjoy
there time with others. Generous and normally quiet and introspective they can become jovial and
explosive in social situations. Their deep thundering laughter is legend. As warriors they are fierce
and often berserkers.

Black Numenoreans: (S. Mornumenedain, aka the Unfaithful or more politely the Umbareans)
These are those of the Dunedain race who are descended from the Numenorean colonists of Middle
Earth. These Unfaithful broke with the Valar and the Elves in the Second Age and vide for
immortality and even formed Sauronic cults. When Numenor was destroyed they were the only
Unfaithful left. They contended with Faithful Dunedain who arrived or who were already on Middle
Earth, but only a stalemate was reached. In the T.A., however Gondor conquered Umbar. Now a
client state the old cults have been eradicated and those who still secretly worshiped the Valar in
Umbar have now helped inaugurate it as the official religion. Their society is quite rigid, more
feudal than that of Arnor and Gondor. Before they were conquered dictators and oligarchs held
sway. All men must serve in the army at some time in their lives, a warrior culture is preeminent.
Superb crafters and fighters who are experts in shipbuilding and naval warfare. Haughty and self
centered, rash, confident and prideful.

Daen Coentis: (Dn. "People of Skill.") Ancestors of the Dunlendings and (indirectly) the Drúedain
(Woses) of the White Mountains. The Eredrim of Dor-en-Ernil are descendants of the Daen
Coentis. This forgotten race was the indigenous Mannish population in most of what is now central
and western Gondor. Animistic, superstitious and industrious, they leave a wealth of stone carvings
and megalithic structures in the hills and high vales they find so sacred. They trace their lineages
through the female line and revere the Earth Mistress (a manifestation of Yavanna) as high goddess.
Their tongue, Daenael, is often called Old Dunael, since it spawned the Dunael speech of the
Dunlendings.

Dale Men: (Lake Men) The Northmen of Long Lake. Their small realm has its capital at Dale and
its major trading center at Lake Town (Esgaroth). Mercantile and industrious while not being as
cosmopolitan as the Dorwinrim, nor as taciturn as their Eothraim neighbors.

Dorwinrim: Occupying the lower Carnen and Uldona valleys and the hilly region running south
from the Redwater to the northwest shore of the Sea of Rhun, the land called Dorwinion which is
named after it’s people. Their capital of Shrel-Kain is an exotic mixture of culture. They are
descended from Northmen and Easterling peoples. Traders and River-men who abandoned their
nomadic ways for a life of farming or an urban mercantile lifestyle. They have had a mixed

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relationship with the other Northmen and Gondor, not always supporting them in their struggles
against the eastern tribes. But when the Free Peoples have rallied against Sauron they have always
supported them against Sauron’s wrath. Known for its fine wines and strong oils it is a land of vines
and olive trees. The Sea of Rhun provides shellfish products, food and dyes. The people’s hardy and
hospitable character is well known; they favor strong drink, story-telling and never shy from a
celebration. Their rolling laughter and physical closeness (e.g. hugging) adds to their reputation for
friendliness. Do not be deceived by their demeanor for though they are amazingly loyal to friends
they are short and cruel to enemies.

Drúedain: (S. Woses) A Mannish people more secluded than the Dwarves, they live in some of
Gondor’s forests and the White Mountains. They surpass all Mannish races in woodcraft. They have
never been known to ally themselves to Morgoth or Sauron. Legends tell of them aiding the Free
Peoples against Morgoth in the First Age.

Dúnedain: (S. "Edain of the West"; sing. Dúnadan). These High Men are descendants of the Edain
who settled the western island continent of Númenor around S.A. 32. The Dúnedain returned to
explore trade with, colonize and later conquer many areas along the western, southern, and eastern
coasts of Endor during the Second Age. Unfortunately, their hubris and desire for power led them to
attempt an invasion of the Valar's Undying Lands. As a result, Eru (the One) destroyed their home
island in S.A. 3319. Those called the "Faithful" opposed the policies and jealous Elfhatred that
prompted this downfall. The Faithful were saved when Númenor sank, sailing east to northwestern
Middle-earth. There they found the "Realms in Exile," the kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor. Arnor
contains the highest proportion of the Faithful and the most purely Dúnedain culture in all of Endor.
Many "unfaithful" (or "Black Númenróean") groups survive as well, living in colonies and states
such as Umbar. The term Dúnedain refers to the Númenóreans and their descendants in Middle-
Earth, groups which possess considerable physical and mental strength, longevity, and a rich Elven
influenced culture. Adûnaic is their native language. Cosmopolitan in nature they are noble,
confident, impatient, proud and often seem haughty.

Dunlendings: (Dn. Daen Lintis) A rugged race of Common Men who, for the most part, migrated
out of the White Mountains in the Second Age. The Eredrim of Dor-en-Ernil are a related folk.
Descendants of the Daen Coentis, Dunlendings have a medium or stocky build, sparse brown hair,
and tanned or ruddy complexions. Men average 5' 10"; women stand around 5'6". Mostly mountain
dwellers or hill-loving herders and gathers those that have been assimilated in Dunedain territory
take up farming as well. Theatrical, they are gifted poets, musicians, singers and storytellers.
Pugnacious they like to settle disputes by personal combat or raiding. Suspicious and self centered
yet vocal and animated among friends. They love to talk, laugh, sing and scream. Known by
various names: Dunmen, Dunnish Folk, Dunlanders, Eredrim. Their largest concentration is in
Dunland, in eastern Enedhwaith.

Dwarves: (Kh. Khazâd) Although fashioned by the Vala Aule before the awakening of Men, this
hardy but short race came into Endor after the Second born. Long-lived yet mortal, they remain
apart from both Elves and Men. The seven tribes of Dwarves have spread across Middle Earth yet
have remained close and spread a reputation for ruggedness, practicality and loyalty. Most favor the
rocky highlands and deep caverns of the mountains, for Dwarves more than any other race
remember their origin and heritage. Superb miners and craftsmen they live in tight knit groups in
underground cities. Their demeanor is sober, quiet, possessive, suspicious, pugnacious,
introspective and sometimes greedy. Tenacious warriors, their blood is thick and their bonds deep.

Easterlings: A generic name that includes the tribes of the Asdriags, Logath and Sagath. They have
in common a nomadic lifestyle and use wagon trains while herding horses and cattle. Warriors all,
they are excellent horsemen and charioteers. Their demeanor is cold, determined and brave to the

25
point of foolhardiness. They worship dark religions and have always been the enemy of the free
peoples.

Edain: (S. The Second People; singular Adan) This term originally refers to all Men. But is now
restricted to the descendents of the High Men who first befriended the Elves and warred against the
Black Enemy Morgoth. There are now named the Dunedain.

Eothraim: (Eo. Glorious Horsemen; later becoming the Riders of Rohan) Six tribes of Northmen
horsemen who occupy the southern Rhovanion plain. Herders and horse masters they spend much
of their year in semi permanent camps on the plains. They have permanent homes for the winter.
Only the Easterlings and Variags can claim to be as good on horseback. Most are also accomplished
hunters and fishermen. Practical, rugged, straightforward and somewhat loud they enjoy song,
celebration, physical games and battle. Heraldic symbol is white horse on green field.

Elves: (Q. Quendi; People of the Stars.) also known as the Eldar, the first. The Calaquendi (Q. High
Elves) are those who made the Great Journey to the Undying Lands. The immortal Children of Eru
and the noblest of the Free Peoples. Also called the Firstborn, they awoke before Men or Dwarves
and were the first race to speak. Elves settled in both Middle-earth and Aman. The Vanyar, Noldor,
and Teleri (Silvan and Sindar) kindreds comprise the Eldar.

Eriadorans: A term for the rustic folk of Arnor. A mixture of Dunlending, Northman and Tergil.
These rural people are practical, hard working, quiet and loyal.

Gots: The people of Nothva Raglaw, on the border between Rhudaur and Arthedain. They are
Northmen who stand as a bastion against the depredations of Angmar. Named after their first king
Gotshelm. They are like the Eothraim in character but live more like the Men of Dale.

Gramuz: (Plainsmen) Sedentary Northmen farmers of the Rhovanion prairie east of Greenwood.
Heraldic symbol is golden sheath of grain on an amber field.

Half-Elves: (S. Peredhil) True Half Elves have one Human and one Elvish parent. While the
Dunedain have much Elven blood only those with an Elven parent are Peredhil. On reaching
adulthood they must chose the Gift of Death and live as a mortal, or chose to live as an immortal
and be bound by Fate. Their personality and culture depends on the Mannish and Elvish Kindred
they come from.

Haradrim: (S. Southern People or Southrons) Also called the Haradwaith. The Haradrim comprise
various confederations of Haradaic and Apysaic speaking peoples who reside in Harad. This is a
arid and semi arid land but with little true desert. There lifestyle is one of laughter, partying and
violent games. Some are nomads but most are now urban. Generally well traveled they are used to
other cultures. Caravan trading is their economic mainstay and many can ride well. They have had a
checkered past, sometimes fighting against Sauron, sometimes with him. They are passionate, fiery
and instilled with a fierce sense of honor that does not always make sense to “Northrons” (a term
which they use for all races of the north). Some are cruel and vengeful. Haradrim is now a client
state of Gondor.

Hillmen: A short, dark haired, hardy folk who settled Rhudaur in the late First and the early Second
Ages. Distantly related to the Dunlendings, they lived as hunters and gathers until the coming of the
Dunedain and Dunlending tribes during the late Second Age. Stocky, several inches smaller than
Northmen, with much the same weight. Superb mountaineers, there are a vocal, vigorous and
contentious people. Poorly armed but skillful warriors, they will not shrink however from treachery

26
and ambush. They speak a dialect of Dunnish. They currently “rule” Rhudaur, but the forces of
Angmar move with impunity throughout their realm.

Lossidil: The legendary snow elves. A Nandorin (Silvan) kindred that departed Rhovanion after
King Oropher of the Sinda created his realm in their homeland. Only the Elves know if they still
exist.

Lossoth: (Snowmen or Forodwaith) They live in the Far North, a nomadic people that rarely
interact with other peoples. They have never supported Sauron.

Noldor: (Q. The Wise; alt. The Deep Elves) The Second Kindred of the Eldar. Often called “High
Elves” because they are the only Elves living in Endor who have resided in the Blessed Realm of
Aman across the sea. This exalted status makes them the most noble of the Quendi (Elves) on
Middle Earth. They are the most ordered of the Quendi, seeking to build communities and states
into beautiful guarded palaces. They are noble of bearing and carry themselves with assurance.
They can appear to be haughty and arrogant. Of all the Elves they are the most inquisitive and
passionate, being full of a desire for experience and expertise in the arts and ways of the world. But
their nobility has not saved them from this thirst for knowledge; which has in ages past caused them
to fall prey to lust, corruption and strife.

Northmen: (S. Eriedain) A group of tall, strong, fair, and mannish folk. They are the "Middle-
men", a group culturally and physically closer to the Elves than those labeled "common", but
nonetheless distinct from the "High Men" or Edain. Branches of the Northmen include: the Wood-
men, the Plains-men or Gramuz, the Lake-men, the Éothraim, the Beornings, the Nenedain, and the
Estaravi in Angmar. They have always fought against Sauron and his minions. The Estaravi though
have been conquered by Angmar and now are under the tyranny of that realm.

Rivermen: Rugged Northmen of Arthedain and Cardolan. They live in semi permanent camps on
the banks of rivers in those realms. Hunters, trappers and traders, their canoes are well known on
the waters. Although Northmen, they seem rustic and speak like Eriadorans. They avoid contact
with those they don’t trade with and can seem reserved, even stern. But are friendly to proven allies.
They usually play no part in the struggle against Angmar but it was only with their help that so
many escaped in the evacuation of Rhudaur in the Third Age.

Silvan Elves: aka Avari (Q. Refusers; sing. Avar) The Avari constitutes the majority of the
Firstborn. All of the Elves who are not Eldar are Avari. In turn, all of the Avari are Moriquendi or
Dark Elves. (Dark Elves is a term that is also confusingly used to name those elves who work for
Sauron, some even being worshipers of Melkor). They did not depart with the Eldar on the journey
to Aman. They took to the forests to find safety from Morgoth and his legions. This way of life has
stayed with them and they are known as Wood Elves. Their culture is unstructured and rustic
compared to other Elves but rich and advanced compared too many Mannish peoples. Most are now
settled in kingdoms ruled by the Noldor or Sindar. But this is the Elven way; those destined to rule
will do so. A fun loving but guarded folk, outward mirth can sometimes hide grim intentions. They
all enjoy a good journey or adventure and most look at life as a game to be played. Music and tricky
are favorite pastimes. Masters of the wood, woodcraft and wood lore.

Sindar: (S. Grey Elves; sing. Sinda; aka Elves of Twilight.) A branch of the Teleri, the Sindar are
neither Moriquendi (Dark Elves) nor Caliquendi (Light Elves). They were Teleri who did not go
with the others on the final journey to Aman. They are the most open and cooperative of the
Quendi. Both great teachers and borrowers with an interest in the works of all races. A settled
people they enjoy the company of others. They build towns and havens and live in close knit
communities. Those that settled on the coast are called the Falathrim, they have a kinship with the

27
sea and are second to none as sailors and ship builders. The quietest and calmest of the three Elven
kindred’s. They are less frivolous and playful than the Silvan Elves and less fiery and passionate
than the Noldor. Sindar feelings are deep and not easily aroused but when they are they cannot be
stayed.

Torfiriath: (S. Highmen, Sing. Torfir, aka Tergil) Dunedain who have inter-married with the other
peoples of Endor are known loosely as the Torfiriath.

Variags: They live in the semi arid plateau of Khand, southeast of Mordor. Excellent riders of
horses and camels they live a brutal nomadic life. Always at war, always raiding. They are
confident, jealous, abrupt, impulsive and cold hearted. They worship dark religions and have always
been the enemy of the free peoples.

Woodmen: Northmen who are closely related to the Beornings. A tribe of hunters and gatherers
living in Greenwood the Great, they live in extended families or clans. Independent with no formal
monarchy they are somewhat secluded. They count the Beornings and Silvan Elves as friends. The
men of Dale are allies. They live in tree houses and have one town of tree houses called simply
Woodmen’s Town. Utterly at home in the woods; their forestry and ranger techniques are first class.
They are quiet, independent and can be reclusive, rarely leaving Greenwood.

Languages

Adunaic (Ad): Dunedain, Black Numenoreans

Apysaic: Haradrim
Atliduk: Beornings
“Black Speech”: (S. Morbeth) Some Orcs and Trolls mostly Dark priests
Duneal (Dn.): Dunlendings
Eothrick: Eothraim
Haradaic: Haradrim
“Hillman” (Hi): Hillman, a Dunnish dialect
Khuzdul (Kh.): Dwarves
Labba: Lossoth
Logathig: Dorwindrim, Easterlings
Nahaiduk: Woodman and Beornings
Orkish: Orcs
Pukael: Woses
Quenya (Q.): Noldo
Sindarin (S.): Sindar
Silvan: Silvan
Umitic: Umli
Varadja: Variags
Westron (W.): Common speech

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Places of Note

Aman: (S. Blessed Realm) The continent west of Middle-earth, across the Belegaer (Great Sea). It
contains Valinor (the home of most Valar and Maiar and many Elves), mainland Eldamar, and the
Halls of Awaiting (the place of the dead).

Amon Lind: (S. Hill of Song) A Haven of the Elves in the southern Misty Mountains bordering
Dunland. Ruled by Lord Sulkano. Device is a white swallow on a light blue field.

Anduin: This mighty river is the longest in all of Endor. It flows from the Grey Mountains in the
northern wilds of Rhovanion, along the eastern edge of Calenardhon, past the great cities of
Osgiliath, Minas Arnor, Pelargir, and finally into the Bay of Belfalas.

Anfalas: (S. Long Coast) Region of Gondor to the west of Dor-en-Ernil. Pointing out to the sea and
with the Bay of Belfalas in South, to North Ered Nimrais. To the west runs river Lefnui as boundary
to Andrast and Drùwaith Iaur and in East runs river Morthond. Anfalas is a thin populated area with
fisherfolk along the shores, hunters scattered throughout the country, mining operations and some
people living in the Green Hills (Pinnath Gelin). The provincial capital is Haerlond. The Dunedain
of Haerlond were at first members of the “Unfaithful”. But when Elendil left Numenor he found
refuge here when its lord took pity on him. They have become fully integrated and inter-married
with the “Faithful” and have long ago made their peace with the Valar and Elves. But they are still
of the Black Numenorean culture with the special privilege of their lord having the status of Prince,
currently Ar-Balazor. The province is governed by Hindrasimir the Lord Protector of Anfalas.

Angrenost: (Known as Isengard by the time of LotR) The tower of Orthanc rises from the Circle of
Angrenos in a valley at the southernmost tip of the Misty Mountains. Constructed by the
Númenóreans to fortify the Gap of Calenardhon against Sauron, the citadel lost much of its strategic
importance with the defeat of the Dark Lord at the end of the Second Age. A reduced garrison,
sufficient to guard the tower remains.

Angmar: (S. Iron Home) Angmar is founded in the Third Age by mercenaries allied to Orcs. An
evil realm, it lies nestled in and along the icy flanks of the northern Misty Mountains (S.
Hithaeglir), in the high plateau of northeastern Eriador. Carn Dum is it’s capitol. The Gundalok
shelf above the northwestern Anduin vales and a network of underground strongholds (notably
Mount Gundabad) cut beneath the Misty Mountains forming the eastern boundary of Angmar.
Armies mustered along this line of defense constantly threaten the peoples of Rhovanion to the east.
Heraldic symbol is a red fortress on a black field.

Annuminas: (S. Tower of the West) Elendil first king of Arnor and Gondor built Annuminas on the
hills beside the southern shore of Lake Nenuial (S. Evendim) in the Second Age. It is Arnor’s
capital then Arthedain’s capital.

Anòrien: The royal fief of the King of Gondor bordered to the North by the river Onodlò and the
Entwash. About 230 Miles long East/West and 100 Miles North/South at it’s widest. The Northern
part of Anòrien is known as the Mouth of the Entwash. To the East runs Anduin as border to North
Ithilien and in the west is the Mering stream forms the frontier to Eastfold in Calenardhon. The Ered
Nimrais form the Southern border. In the South/East corner of Anòrien is Firien-Wood and Firien
Dale. From East to West runs the Great West Road at the foothill of the Ered Nimrais passing the 7
beacons; Halifirien, Calenhad, Min-rimmon, Erelas, Nardol, Eilenach and Amon-Din.

Ash Mountains: (S. Ered Lithui) Northern Mountain range of Mordor.

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Arda: (S. The Place) The entire world created by Eru, through his servants the Valar, including
Endor (Middle-earth) and Aman but not Menel (Heaven). In the First Age and most of the Second
Age it is circular and flat, but at the time of the downfall of the Númenóreans it is remade into a
sphere.

Arnor: (S. Land of the King or Royal Land) Encompassing most of Eriador, Arnor is the
northernmost of the two "Realms in Exile." It constitutes the North Kingdom, while Gondor, its
sister land, is the South Kingdom. Founded by Elendil the Tall in S.A. 3320, Arnor is settled by the
Faithful Númenóreans who fled the Downfall of Númenor. These Dúnedain rule the indigenous
Eriadoran groups. In T.A. 861, Arnor splits into three successor states: Arthedain, Cardolan, and
Rhudaur.

Arthedain: (S. Realm of the Edain) Originally the northwestern portion of Arnor, Arthedain is
independent after T.A. 861. It is home to the largest population of Edain (Dunedain) in Eriador.
Arthedain's name is shared by its relatively uniform, Adan (Dúnedain) population. Even those who
toil the soil can lay claim to some Numenorean blood. After the dividing of Arnor; Arthedain
became the land East / West between river Baranduin and Ered Luin and also the lands lying
Northeast over the Midgewater marshes to Weathertop along the road to Rivendell. The main city
of Arthedain was, as in the united Arnor, Annuminas. And from the North Downs and Fornost runs
a road passing Chetwood to Bree and further South (now in Cardolan) passing between the Barrow
Downs and South Downs. This road was the Green-road. The borders of Arthedain start in the West
from the Ice bay of Forochel along the river West of Emyn Urial to the Tower Hills and South to
the Coast and the outflow of Baranduin. Baranduin served as border to Cardolan and in the North
the North Downs and the road to the Weatherhills was the borderline to Rhudaur. Heraldic symbol
is seven white stars on a black field.

Baranduin: (S. Long Gold-brown River; W. Brandywine). A great stream fed by Lake Evendim
(Nenuial) in Arthedain, the Baranduin winds across west-central Eriador and empties into the
Belegaer north of the Rast Vorn (S. "Dark Cape") of Minhiriath. The Baranduin forms part of the
western border of Cardolan.

Barad-Dur: (S. Dark Tower) The tower and fortress of Sauron. It lay in Mordor at the Plateau of
Gorgoroth at the Western end 20 Miles East of Orodruin on an out thrust arm of Ered Lithui into the
plateau. Built in the in Second age around year 1000 where Sauron afraid of the strength of the
Númenorians and decided to make his stronghold in Mordor. How long time it took to build is not
certain but it was full wrought in the time of Tar-Minastir King of Númenor S.A. 1474 - 1873. This
tower was torn down after the Battle of the last Alliance

Barrow-downs: (S. Tyrn Gorthad) An ancient burial ground, the Barrow-downs constitute the
oldest and most revered of Adain gravesites. The Edain who dwelt in the region during the First
Age buried their kings and queens in mounds surrounded by large rings of stones. These tombs
stand to the southeast of Bree and the intersection between the Greenway (Old North Road) and the
Great East Road. The grass-covered mounds contain royal passage-graves and surmount the wild
fells of northwestern Cardolan.

Bay of Belfalas: (S. Nen Belfalas) Was recreated when the world was reshaped at the end of the
First Age in the War of Wrath. Huge landmasses were crumbling and falling under the Belegaer and
the great Cape of Andrast where Ras Morthil was became the Western end of the bay. At the East of
the Bay of Belfalas is the Ethir Anduin, in its centre the isle Tolfalas and in the Southeast was the
Bay of Umbar. At the Western side of the cape of Belfalas is the estuary where the mouth of river
Ringló and Morthond is located. Here were also Edhellond and Lond Ernil. Further West along the

30
shore came Anfalas and the mouth of river Lefnui before the great Cape of Andrast with Ras
Morthil ended the Bay of Belfalas.

Bay of Forochel: The great Ice bay of Forochel lies in the high North West of Forodwaith.
Mountains of ice lie in the water, freezing storms and blizzards roam the coasts and the bay. In the
First Age this area had been a part of Dor Daidelos but in the war that ended the First Age the
plateau crumbled and sank beneath the incoming water of Belegaer.

Belegaer: (S. Mighty Sea; aka Sundering Sea) The ocean west of Middle-earth, the Belegaer
separates Endor from Aman (the “Undying Lands”). The waters of the Belegaer meet those of the
Haragaer to the southeast at Metham (Hyamumente) in Drel.

Belfalas: (S. Coast of the Powers) Great hilly peninsula in south-central Gondor. Belfalas juts out
into the bay that bears its name. Belfalas is the southern half of Dor-en-Ernil.

Beleriand: (S. Great Country) The northwestern most part of the continent, it is the area of Middle-
earth west of the Blue Mountains. Most of this land sinks into the ocean and is destroyed in the
cataclysmic battle that ends the First Age. The surviving portions of Beleriand are called Lindon.
Also called the Great Land or Country of Balar.

Blue Mountains: West of the lands of Arthedain lies an expanse of territory known as Numeriador
(S. "The Empty Western Land"). This rugged terrain is wrinkled by a series of rolling foothills that
rise up from the river Lhûn to become the mighty Ered Luin, the Blue Mountains. The peaks serve
as a barrier between the lands of the Lhûn river valley and the Elven Kingdom of Lindon to the
west. The Blue Mountain or as they are sometimes known Luinic Dwarves live here, ruled by Thrar
III. Their old cities now lie in ruins after the destruction of Beleriand and while new caverns have
been built but they do not rival those of old. They trade more openly than the Dwarves of Moira.
Their hatred of Orcs and friendship with the Men of Arthedain means that a war party of Dwarves
scouting Northern Arthedain is not a rare sight. The Celeglin Barrows, an assortment of several
elaborate Dúnadan mounds and countless smaller Cairns, stand more than 100 miles north of the
Grey Havens in the eastern foothills of the Blue Mountains. Heraldic symbol is a hammer
surrounded by three tongues of flame.

Bree: Strategically located on a hill overlooking the junction of the Great East Road and the
Greenway. Not to far from the Barrows of Arnor and Cardolan.

Bruinen: (S. Loudwater) A river running through Eriador, marking the northern border of Eregion
At Tharbad it joins the Mitheithel to form the Gwathlo.

Buhr Waldlaes: (Rh. Lawless Hold; W. Strayhold) Is located a few miles east of the southern
flank of Greenwood. The town's shanties, buildings, and clan-halls are tucked within the gullies and
ravines formed by a rushing stream which drops abruptly to the level of the plains of southern
Rhovanion.

Caras Galadhon: (S. City of the Tree People) Capital of Lorien.

Calenardhon: The most northwestern province of Gondor. Its plains stretch from the White to the
Misty Mountains. The Old North Road travels its width linking Gondor to Cardolan and Artherdain.

Cardolan: (S. Red-hill Land or Land of Red Hills) The southernmost part of Arnor, Cardolan is a
separate Dúnadan kingdom from T.A. 861. Cardolan is the most densely populated area of old
Arnor and contains sizable populations of Dunlendings, Eriadoran Northmen, and Dúnedain as well

31
as scattered groups of Beffraen. It comprises all of the lands between the two great rivers of
Eriador, the Baranduin and the Gwathló/Mitheithel extending out into the En Eredoriath, the great
central plain. The traditional northern boundary of Cardolan was the Men Rhúnen, the East Road.
Although the climate is fair, only a small portion of the lands are notably fertile. When Cardolan
has prospered it has been because of the Gwathló, the Ramsir (S. "River-road"), that provides the
easiest communications between Eriador and the rest of Middle-earth. The center of this commerce
is the great capital city of Tharbad, the self proclaimed Queen of the North. Tharbad was raised
above the fenlands that surround it through the efforts of generations of the Men of Westernesse,
dating back to the first tower raised by Tar- Aldarion in S.A. 880. The results are the immense dike
that protect the city from the spring floods, the raised causeway of the Greenway and the wondrous
bridges that span the Gwathló link Eriador and Gondor by land. The last expansion of Tharbad
came shortly after the Division of Arnor in T.A. 861. The Men Caran (S. "Redway") and Iaur Men
Formen (S. "Old North Road") linking Tharbad with Arthedain conveniently divides Cardolan into
two geographic districts: Minhiriath (S. "Land of the Streams") to the southwest, and Mintyrnath (S.
"Land of the Downs") to the northeast. The latter is home to the hills that give country its name, but
both are treeless and desolate, with an austere beauty. Fertile farmlands that feed most of the north
are concentrated in south central Cardolan. Cardolan is currently divided into seven principalities,
the traditional number that dates back to the warrior Kings of the ancient Eriadorans. These include
the Hírdyr (S. "Lord-lands") of Girithlin and Tyrn Gorthad and the lands of the Irnil (S. "Princes")
of Tinarë and Calantir. Heraldic symbol is a gold star above a gold ram on a green field.

Carn Dum: The largest city of Angmar and its capital, it lay at the Southern foothills of the
Mountains of Angmar, near the Western edge of the mountains at the border of Eriador.

Carnen: (S. Redwater) in the Near Eastern Middle-Earth had its spring in the Iron Hills. From its
spring it ran 30 miles South out of the mountains before it bent East for another 70-80 Miles and
then in a huge curve turned South again for the next 150 Miles to the junction with Celduin running
in from the West. Now the river continued 80-90 Miles South until it came to the borders of the
land of Dorwinion where it turned East and followed the Northern boundary of that land with the
country of Rhûn lying North North-East for 160-170 Miles to its outflow into the Sea of Rhûn. The
name of the river came from the colour of the water. The minerals, by which the Iron Hills had
acquired its name and was so rich in, where washed out and coloured the water of the river.

Celduin: (S. River Running) Had its spring in Near Eastern Middle-Earth in Erebor at the Lonely
Mountain. From there it descended over two falls and ran in a 180 degrees cure East around Dale,
turned South and ran 20 Miles to the Long Lake from where at the South-end it continued down
over the Falls of the Long Lake which could be heard in Esgaroth as a distant roar in still evening
air. From the falls it ran for some Miles along and inside the eaves of Greenwood the Great until it
emerged 55 Miles further ahead at the East end of the Old Forest Road. Now the river turned ever
slightly East 240 Miles through Wilderland North of Rhovanion until it fed East into the Carnen.

Celebrant: (S. Silverlode) The river running eastward out of the Misty Mountains at Kheled-zarum.
It is joined by the Nimrodel (S. White Cave-lady), cuts through Lorien and eventually joins the
Aduin.

Cirith Cardhras: (S. Redhorn Pass) The pass crossing the Misty Mountains between Caradhras
and Celebdil. It connects Ereigon and Lorien.

Dagorland: Wide, flat, grassy plain north and northeast of Udun and Mordor. Here the Last
Alliance defeated Sauron at the end of the Second Age.

Dale: is a city of men found on the southern slopes of Erebor, the Lonely Mountain.

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Dor-en-Ernil: (S. Land of the Prince) Princely fief in the south-central part of Gondor. Ruled by
the Princes of Lond Ernil with special status as a province of Gondor. Heraldic symbol is a white
ship with seven white pointed stars on a deep blue field.

Dunland: The rugged hills of Dunfearan, or Dunland, lie on the western flanks of the southern
Misty Mountains. They are home to the fiercely independent Dunlendings. They see themselves as
superior to the “subject” tribes under Dunedain rule.

Dor Rhunen: (S. Land of the East) This is Gondor’s occupied Territory north of Mordor, east of
the Aduin and south of Greenwood. It contains Dagorland and the Dead Marshes. It is held with the
aid of Gondor’s allies the Eothraim. Governed by Vagaig, Regent of Gondor.

Encircling Sea: (Q. Ekkaia) The great ocean that encircles Arda. It lies south, east, and north of
Middle-earth. Also called the Outer Sea. In the First Age and late Second Age it was surrounded by
the Walls of Night; but, in the late Second Age, when Arda was remade as a sphere, it
circumscribed and covered most of the world.

Edhellond: (S. Elf-haven) Elven haven and port in the Morthlond river delta of western Dor-en-
Ernil. Ruled by the Master Shipwright, Lord Tharudan. Symbol is a white Swanship on a blue field.

Endor: (S. Middle Land; Middle-earth) The Sindarin Elvish label for the Middle Continent of
Arda. Also called Ennor or Endóre.

En Egladil: (S. The Angle) Is an open and windswept country in southern Rhudaur between the
Rivers Hoarwell, Bruinen (Loudwater) and to the north the Trollshaws. The Angle comprised a
major lordship while part of Rhudaur ruled by House Melosse, the Dunadan lords of the region.
Now it has been partitioned by Arthedain (held by Lady Vulfreega) and Cardolan to secure their
defenses. It is virtually unpopulated. It is not a fertile land better suited to serve as summer
pasturage.

Entwash: (S. Onodló) rises in Fangorn Forest and spills out across the lush plains east of the Misty
Mountains. Midway down its course the river broadens and slows and can no longer be bridged or
forded. Its final juncture with the Anduin is a confused delta with myriad streams. A well travelled
trade route, the Entwash connects the granaries, herders, and wool merchants of Calenardhon with
the docks of Harlond (the South-haven of Minas Arnor) and Pelargir. The King's orders keep one
channel through the delta of the Onodló dredged open the Nog Mennin (S. "Delved Waterway).

Eregion: (S. Holly-land) occupies the terrain between the rivers Hoarwell (S. Mitheithel) and
Loudwater (S. Bruinen) to the north and west, and the Glanduin to the south. In the south was Ost-
in-Edhil, the Elf-haven where the Jewel-smiths founded their forges in the Mírdaithrond (Halls of
the Mírdain). It was situated on the north bank just downstream from the confluence of the Sirannon
and the Glanduin. To the east is the West Gate of Moira which exits the Misty Mountains facing the
Sirannon river.

Eriador: (S. Empty Lands) All of the territory north of the river Isen and between the Blue
Mountains (S. Ered Luin) and the Misty Mountains (S. Hithaeglir). Its northern boundary lies along
the highland ridge that runs northwestward from Carn Dûm and reaches to the Ice Bay of Forochel.
Some accounts place the southern border along the line bounded by the rivers Greyflood (S.
Gwathlo) and Swanfleet (S. Glanduin). Most hold it to be that area north of Gondor's traditional
western border. Eriador loosely translates as the "Empty Lands" which they predominantly where
before the coming of the Dunedain and includes the regions of Minhiriath, Eregion, Cardolan,

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Rhudaur, Arthedain, and, by some, Dunland and Enedwaith. It is a land of concentric downs,
anomalous granite hills, scattered woods and low grassland. Eriadoran is the common name of folk
living here. It is a term used to embrace Arthedain and Cardolani commoners, along with Northmen
and any other non Dunedain living there. It was named by the Sindar when it was relatively empty
of people in the First Age.

Fangorn Forest: Is a huge woodland that lies along the southeastern flank of the Misty Mountains.
The river Limlaith forms its northern border, while the Entwash (S. Onodlo) flows through its
southern eaves. The dry, rugged hills of Calenardon's Wold stand vigil to the east. There are those
who say the trees sometimes walk in Fangorn.

Far Harad: (W. /S. Far South) The southern reaches of the vast arid area known as Harad. Far
Harad encompasses all the lands north of the foothills of the Yellow Mountains and south of line
between An Aras on the Belegaer and Clyan along the flank of the Ered Harmal. The highlands
called Raj is the cultural center and richest region of Far Harad.

Fennas Druinin: Former small Rhudaurian port at the base of the Angle, where the Mitheithel
meets the Bruinen. Not a deep port this far upstream but improved by Rhudaur after it becomes an
independent realm. After Rhudaur is overrun it is attacked and taken from the Hillmen by Cardolan.
It supports the “Stone Trees”, watchtowers of Arthedain and Cardolan.

Forodwaith: (S. Folk of the Northern Lands) This term applies to the peoples of the Forochel (S.
Icy North) region of northwestern most Middle-earth. It is sometimes loosely interpreted as
meaning the "Lands of the Northern Folk," which has led many men to use the label to describe the
territory north of Eriador traditionally dubbed the "Northern Waste." The Lossoth are the chief
mannish group of the Forodwaith.

Fornost Erain: (S. Northern Fortress of the Kings, W. Norbury) Fortified city and summer retreat
for the Kings of Arnor, now of Artherdain. Foremost citadel standing against the forces of Angmar.

Gaer Rhûn: (Sea of Rhun) The Sea of Rhûn lying in the Near East of Middle-Earth from the
Second Age was a reminiscent of the great Inland Sea of Helcar in the First Age. The Sea of Rhûn
covering 400 square miles. In the North-West of the Sea of Rhûn has river Carnen its outflow. The
East Wood is found on its eastern shore. West of the Sea of Rhûn is the land of Dorwinion and 200
Miles south is the East end of Ered Lithui.

Glanduin: (S. Swanfleet) A major river marking the south border of Eregion. It joins the Mitheithel
at Tharbad, the two becoming the Gwathlo.

Goblin Town: A huge city under the Misty Mountains, a realm of Orcs. Located next to the High
Pass over the Mountains. Heraldic symbol is a cleft red mountain on a black field.

Gondor: (S. Stone-land.) Also known as the South Kingdom, is the great Dúnedain kingdom that
lies west of Mordor and north of the Bay of Belfalas. It includes a number of regions: (clockwise
from the north) Calenardhon; Anorien; Ithilien; Lebennin; Belfalas; Lamedon; Anfalas; and
Andrast. The Client states of Harondor and Umbar are south of Ithlien. Osgiliath on the Anduin
serves as the Gondorian capital, Minas Arnor is its largest city. Pelargir on the Anduin is Gondor’s
chief port. The White Mountains (S. Ered Nimrais.) are the backbone of Gondor. These snow-
capped mountains run eastward from the Cape of Andrast and end above Minas Arnor (later called
Minas Tirith), just west of the Anduin. The Paths of the Dead cross under the White Mountains
between Harrowdale (on the north) and Erech (to the south). Alpine in character, the White
Mountains rise to heights of well over 11,000 feet. Heraldic symbol is a white tree on a black field.

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Grey Mountains: (S. Ered Mithrin) These peaks limit the northern expanse of Rhovanion,
separating the coniferous portions of Mirkwood and the vales of the upper Anduin from the vast
stretches of the Forodwaith tundra. The southern face of the chain is virtually sheer, forming a
formidable natural wall to the traveler. The northern slopes, however, rise gradually from the rolling
plains and broken hills of the Waste. Glaciers spawn tumults of cold water that run north down
narrow, U-shaped valleys to the Encircling Sea. Stands of silvery firs line the more sheltered nooks
below the tree line, and deep glacial lakes reflect snow-capped peaks. Always a home of Orcs and
Trolls the small communities of Northmen that thrived here were driven out when the Dragons
came.

Greenwood the Great: (S. Eryn Galen) (In later years called Mirkwood) The great stretch of forest
in northern Rhovanion. Like the "Old Forest" and "Fangorn", it is a remnant of the great forest,
which once covered most of northwestern Endor. Filled with beeches, oaks, maples, elms and
conifers it is thick with life. Of late some Orcs and Trolls have tried to claim the southern part of the
forest. From East to West at its widest 210 Miles, from North to South about 480 Miles.
Greenwood the Great has become a dark and gloomy forest, plagued by orcs, black squirrels and
giant spiders. Thranduil, son of Oropher led the elves north and established his halls by the forest
river, whence they stayed well into the fourth age. The Old Forest Road runs west to east, made
most likely by dwarves to carry their wares on journeys of trade.

Gwathló: (S. Gwathir or River of Shadow; W. Greyflood; A. Agathurush.) The wide, slow-moving
river that cuts through southeastern Eriador. Formed by the confluence of the rivers Mitheithel
(Hoarwell) and Glanduin, it carries water southwestward into the Belegaer. The Gwathló separates
Minhiriath from Enedhwaith (Enedwaith) and forms the long southeastern border of Cardolan. Both
Tharbad and Lond Daer are situated on its banks.

Harad: (S. South.) The vast area located below the River Harnen, south of Gondor and Mordor. It
encloses all lands west of the Ephel Hamal and north of the Yellow Mountians. Harad is also called
Haradwaith, a label which corresponds to the people of the region. Now part of Gondor. In it lays
the separate client state of Umbar.

Helms Deep: (S. Ostiras) Along with Angrenost this is the westernmost fortress of Calenardhon. It
consists of the fortress of Hornburg and the “Deep” gorge at the end of which lies the Glittering
Caves (S. Aglarond).

Herubar Gular: (S. The Dwelling of the Sorcerer-Lord) This castle of relatively recent
construction is located in the Trollshaws of Rhudaur. It has gained a reputation for evil sorcery
hence its name.

High Pass: (S. Cirith Forn en Andrath) The pass through the Misty Mountains east of Rivendell.

Iron Hills: A range of hills northeast of Greenwood. A Dwarven realm ruled by Lord Fulla III.
They trade with the men of Dale and the Dorwinrim. Heraldic symbol is crossed axes above a anvil
on a gold field.

Far Harad: The grey mountains stretch across Far Harad's western regions. During the Second
Age several fortresses were established in these lands by the Numenoreans, who also conquered
many inhabitants of the coastland and thus came into conflict with the allies of Sauron.

Ithilien: (S. Land of the Moon) A province of Gondor lying between the Great river Anduin and the
Mountains Ephel Dúath. The royal fief of the Queen of Gondor. Its provincial capital is Minas Ithil.

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It holds the large reserve Eastern Army. In the south its frontier is the river Poros, in the north
Nindalf (the Dead Marshes), and the Anduin. The River Ithilduin divides Ithilien into North-Ithilien
and South-Ithilien. From Ithilien North of Emyn Arnen and the outflow of Morgulduin is the
Eastern suburb of Osgiliath and the gates to the Bridge of Osgiliath.

Khand: is the land East of Mordor and north of Harad. The lands in this general area are sometimes
called Haradwaith. A race of man known as Variag dwelt in Khand, whose culture was similar to
that of the Easterlings who lived to the north of them. The people of Khand often engaged in wars
with Northmen.

Khazad-dûm: (Kh. Dwarf-mansion; S. Hadhodrond; W. Dwarrowdelf.) It is also known as Moria:

(S. Black Chasm), the Black Pit, and the Mines of Moria. Khazad-dûm stands as a citadel, mansion,
and city-hold of Durin's Folk, the noblest of the Seven Tribes of the Dwarves. While no formal title
or tribute is claimed over other Dwarves those of Durin’s line have a unspoken authority over all
Dwarves. King Bain leads the Naugrim (Dwarves) at this time. Founded in the early First Age in
caves beneath the Misty Mountains, it overlooks and incorporates the holy vale called Azanulbizar.
Khazad-dûm has since been expanded to include seven principle levels which stretch the width of
the mountain range and extend under the three mountains Fanuidhol, Caradhras, and Celebdil. Early
in the Second Age, the Dwarves discovered mithril here, and many from the Blue Mountains
migrated to Durin's home. As a realm, it includes the Azanulbizar and all the passages and
chambers within the mountains. Two entrances exist, one to the west one to the east in the Redhorn
pass which crosses the Misty Mountains. The West Gate is the western entry into Khazad-dum; also
called Durin's Gate, the Doors of Durin, the West Door, and the Elven-Door. Flanked by huge holly
trees, this door opened onto a wide road which led to Ost-in-Edhil, the Eldarin capitol of Eregion.
Moria’s emblem is six silver stars in a triangular formation with a larger seventh in the center of the
triangle on a dark gold field.

Laketown: (Esgaroth) Established in Third Age 1000. Prior to that, this region known as the "Nan
Celduin" (River Running Valley) had only sparse villages. Laketown remains the center of the
region's trade and culture. Dale was established approximately T.A.1100 at the ancient Adan
settlement associated with the holy site of Erebor, the "Lonely Mountain". The Long lake is an oval
shaped body of water. The Forest River and the Running River (which flows from the Lonely
Mountains) empty into the Long Lake.

Lamendon: (S. Land of the Tongue) The region of Gondor between the rivers Ringlo and
Morthond, northwest of Dor-en-Ernil and south of the White Mountains. The provincial capital is
Calembel (Upon the hill) on the River Ciril. The largest town is Erech in northwest Lamendon. The
Morthlond Vale is a Regional Principality which has its own line of Princes.

Lebennin: (S. Place of the Five Waters) A well-settled region of central Gondor lying west of the
Anduin and southeast of the White Mountains. The great port of Pelargir and part of the lands of the
Lord of Linhir are here. Traditionally the province of the Crown Prince.

Lindon: (S. Place of Music) A coastal region encompassing the lands that lie west of the Blue
Mountains. Lindon is all that remains of Beleriand; it is an Elf kingdom with its capital at the Grey
Havens ruled by Lord Cirdan the Shipwright. The Gulf of Lhun divides Lindon into Forlindon (S.
North Lindon) and Harlindon (S. South Lindon). Heraldic symbol is a white Pelannun (Sunset
rounder swanship) on a blue field.

Lond Daer: (S. Great Haven) Founded as Vinyalondë (Q. New Haven) by Tar-Aldarion of
Númenor in S. A. 777, Lond Daer was a great haven for the seafarers of Westernesse. Its location
between the ports of Lindon and the harbor at Edhellond (near Dol Amroth) gave birth to its other

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name: Lond Daer Enedh (S. "Great Middle Haven"). The great harbour is at the mouth of the
Greyflood. Further up the river the Numenorians built the port and city Tharbad. It’s importance as
a port is much reduced but it remains a Gondorian fortress.

Lond Ernil: (S. Haven of the Prince) City and associated castle located on the coast of
northwestern Belfalas. The capital of Dor-en-Ernil, it sits upon the hill of Dol Amroth. Home to the
second most royal line in Gondor and also having marital ties to the Elves of Edhellond. A
cosmopolitan and mercantile city which yet retains the character and legacy of its Numenorean
heritage. Founded by Edelion of Numenor and held now by the Prince of Dor-en-Ernil.

Long Lake: (S. Annen) A long, deep lake on the River Running, east of Greenwood, south of the
Lonely Mountain. The Forest River (S. Taurduin) meets the River Running at Long Lake. Lake
Town of the Dale Men rises out of this confluence.

Lórien: (S.— Dream.) Also known at various times as Lothlorien (S. Dreamflower),
Laurelindorenan (S. Land of the Valley of Singing Gold), Lorinand, Lindórinand (N. Land of the
Singers), and Dwimordene (R. Haunted Valley.) The Golden Wood was formally established by
Lady Galadriel in the T.A, although a number of Nandor Elves preceded her there. No thing of evil
can enter here as Galadriel’s will masks the forest and those she does not want to enter pass around
unknowing. The river Celebrant forms the southern border of the forest of Lórien, while the Misty
Mountains stand at its western edge and the Anduin River flows by the realm's eastern bounds. The
eaves of Greenwood the Great and the barren hill of Amon Lanc face Lórien across the current of
the Great River Aduin. Heraldic symbol is a Mallorn tree on a green field.

Maig Tuira: (D. Home of the Tuira) A large fortified village in the Angle of Rhudaur. Dunlendings
who try to stay neutral in the Northern Wars live here.

Men Caran: (S. Redway) The Redway is named for the reddish paving stones that cover its
surface. Beginning at the Sam Ford on the Baranduin, it runs southeastward across western
Cardolan and joins the Old North Road (Greenway) at Metraith (Thalion).

Men-i-Naugrim: (S. Road of the Dwarves) The Old Forest Road came from the Old Ford at
Anduin and further West from the High Pass Cirith forn en Andrath in the Misty Mountains. It ran
through Greenwood south of Emyn Duir in a direct Eastern line from the West eaves of the forest to
the marsh at the East eaves where Celduin emerged from its course South from the Long Lake.

Men Galen: (S. Greenway) The section of the Old North Road between Bree and Tharbad, the
Greenway cuts across Cardolan, It is so named because of the hardwood trees that grow on the sides
of the road.

Metraith: (S. Streets end) The Cardolan royal seat in summer. Metraith is a strategically-located
town in central Cardolan. It stands at the crossroads of the Greenway and the Redway, by the royal
hold at Thalion. (Metraith is also known as Thalion.)

Minas Arnor: (S, City of the Sun) (Later known as Minas Tirith as seen in the Return of the King)
Rises from the great knee of rock that stands at the base of Mount Mindolluin, the last and eastern-
most peak in the White Mountains. It is the “City of the King”. Set above the Anduin, where the
Great River sweeps around the green fields of Pelennor, the city commands the wide gap between
the Ered Nimrais and the Mountains of Shadow that encircle the Dark Lord's former homeland. The
seven white walls of Minas Tirith seem to grow out of the stone, as if carved by ancient Giants. The
Great Gate, a massive barbican set in the lower and outermost wall, defends the sole apparent
entrance to the city. Behind the Gate lies the Wide Court, used for official purposes only. Here is

37
where door-wardens draw travelers aside to check them or guardsmen marshall for a review. The
Citadel Rock, a narrow ridge of stone, rises from the rear of the court, its sharp edge resembling a
ship-keel from the east.

Minas Ithil: (S. City of the Moon) Was a walled city built by the first Kings of Gondor, Isildur and
Anarion, but it often is referred to as the Tower, its most prominent building and the mark of the
city. It is the “City of the Queen”. It has a reputation as a foremost seat of leaning rivalled only by
Annuminas in the lands of the Edain (Men). The city was built upon a spur of Ephel Dúath in a
valley at the Westside of the mountains, across a white bridge over Morgulduin. The gate of the city
was placed in the most Northern-facing wall and the road that lead up to the gate of the city went
through shadowy meads filled with pale white flowers and the white bridge had cunningly carven
figures in shapes of humans and beasts. The Tower of Minas Ithil was built in white stone and
above its top pinnacle was set a thin waning moon. The peace in Minas Ithil did not last long for
Sauron being ready again makes war upon Gondor and comes forth and assails Minas Ithil in the
Second age 3429 and he destroys the White Tree. But Isildur, with a seedling of it and with his wife
and sons, escapes to Minas Arnor and plants the seedling there. Then with Elendil and Gil-Galad he
forms the Last Alliance. After the war and the end of the Second age Gondor built fortresses (the
Tower of Cirith Ungol, Durthang and the Teeth-Towers.) further into the East in order to guard and
protect the easternmost outpost of the defence of Ithilien and the rebuilt Minas Ithil. Heraldic
symbol is seven silver stars over a silver moon on a blue background.

Minhiriath: (S. Between the Rivers) The region of Eriador located between the rivers Gwathló and
Baranduin, Minhiriath forms the southwestern half of Cardolan.

Misty Mountains: (S. Hithaeglir) Snow and mist-capped mountains which run southward for 900
miles from the upper Anduin Vales to the Isen Gap (Gap of Calenardhon). The daunting Misty
Mountains form the western boundary of both the Anduin Valley (S. Nan Anduin") and Rhovanion.

Mitheithel: (S. Pale-grey Spring or Grey Spring; W. Hoarwell) The relatively narrow, swift-
moving stream that rises in the Misty Mountains near the junction between the Ettenmoors and the
Coldfells of Eriador. Cutting through Rhudaur, the Mitheithel slows and widens after its confluence
with the Bruinen (Loudwater). It joins the Glanduin in the Marshes of Swanfleet, giving birth to the
Gwathló a wide, slow moving river that cuts through southeastern Eriador. The Mitheithel forms
part of the northeastern border of Cardolan.

Morannon: (S. Black Gate) Between the Teeth-Towers across the mouth of Cirith Gorgor in Ered
Lithui into Udûn and the land of Mordor had Sauron built a rampart of stone with a single huge
black iron gate, made by two doors, in the middle. Upon the battlement of the rampart and gate
were kept guards and sentinels. Now manned by the Gondorian Army.

Mordor: (S. Dark Land) A vast wasteland bounded in the west by the Ephel Dúath (S. "Fence of
Shadow") and in the north by the Mountains of Ash (S. "Ered Lithui") Within which lies the
shadowed plateau of Gorgoroth, the heart of Mordor and the bastion of evil throughout the Second
Age. Mount Doom, the volcano that served as the forge for most of the items of power created by
Sauron, smolders at Gorgoroth's center. Its chambers were linked to Barad-dur, the throne of the
Lidless Eye, by Sauron's Road, a highway flanked by smoking chasms. The Dark Lord was not the
only traveler to use the highway. His minion’s tread its stones while laboring at the tasks set by
their Master. But Barad-dur is now a ruin and only scattered Orcs remain. The Lidless Eye remains
the device of Orcs here (red eye on black field).

Morthond: (S. Black-root) River in central Gondor, which forms the boundary between the regions
of Lamedon, Anfalas and Dor-en-Ernil. The Morthlond rises in the White Mountains, by the Paths

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of the Dead; hence its name. Flowing southwards past the town of Erech it winds west of Tarlang
and down to the Bay of Belfalas. Its mouth is just north of Lond Ernil. The port of Edhellond lies in
the Morthlond delta.

Mount Gundabad: The greatest massif of the Misty Mountains. It commands the narrow gap
between the Misty and Grey mountain ranges. A huge Orc hold lies beneath the Mountain, a
veritable Orc kingdom in league with that of Angmar. Ruled by High Chief Zalg. Heraldic symbol
is the triple peaks of Gundabad on a red field.

Near Harad: is the land south of the river Harnen which marked Gondor’s southern boundary.
Although on most maps the lands illustrated as desolate, it appears many people lived here and
several kingdoms or tribes were established. The lands have several rivers, forests and hilly regions.

Numenor: (S. West-land or Westernesse) The large, fertile island continent located in the middle of
the Great Sea (S. Belegaer) from its creation at the beginning of the Second Age until its destruction
(Downfall) in Second Age 3319. From the early Second Age until its Downfall, Númenor was
occupied by the High Men (Edain) who called themselves Númenóreans. These Men were the
ancestors of the Dúnedain race. Númenor literally means West Land and was the westernmost home
of mortal Men. Elves called it Andor, the "Land of Gift."

Nurnen: (Sea of Nurn) Dead salt sea in Mordor.

Old Forest: (S. Taur Iaur) The Old Forest lies in the northwestern corner of Cardolan, between the
Barrow-downs (S. Tyrn Gorthad) and the river Baranduin. It is a remnant of the ancient wood that
once covered much of northwestern Endor.

Old South Road: The Old South Road ran from Tharbad connecting the Greenway and
Eriador to Calenardhon, (310 Miles in all.) and Western Gondor. From the Bridge of
Tharbad and river Gwathló it crossed South-East Enedwaith and Dunland to Ethraid Engrin;
the Fords of Isen, into Calenardhon through the Gap of Calenardhon. From the fords of Isen
and further East to Minas Arnor the road was called the Great West Road. When Arnor
came into existence it became the main connection between the two realms. At the Western
brink of Isen is a side-track leading to Orthanc.

Osgiliath: (citadel of the stars) The capital of Gondor, its halls and towers are situated on both
banks of the Anduin, with many bridges crossing it. It lies just north of the confluence of the Great
River with the Ithilduin. Minas Ithil to the east and Minas Arnor (later Minas Tirith) to the west
overlooked the city from their lofty mountain seats.

Ost-in-Edhil: (S. Fortress of the Eldar) Capitol city and citadel of Eregion. It was inhabited until
S.A. 1697, when it was overrun and sacked by Sauron's armies.

Pelargir: (S. Garth of the Royal Ships) Great port city situated on the Anduin in the mouth of the
Sirith. Founded by the Faithful of Numenor in SA 2350, Elendil landed there and it was for a time
the haven for the Faithful of Middle-earth. Earnil I rebuilt the port city in the Third Age 920 and
was used as a base from which attacks upon Umbar were launched. It is the oldest Gondorian city.
Pelagir is the regional capital of Lebennin and serves as home for the Royal Fleet and the center of
its sea trade.

Rhovanion: (S. Wilderland; lit. Wild Place). Traditionally, a vast region encompassing all the land
south of the Grey Mountains (S. Ered Mithrin), north of Mordor, east of the Misty Mountains, and

39
west of the river Redwater (S. Carnen). Tall grasses predominate south of Greenwood, short ones
further north. This area includes Greenwood and the northern Anduin river valley. Some scribes
count the whole of the area between Greenwood and the Sea of Rhûn, save Dorwinion, as part of
Rhovanion.

Rhudaur: (S. East Wood; D. Place of Roaring Red-gold) Easternmost of the three sections of
Arnor, Rhudaur is the wildest, ruggedest, and least populated region in the North Kingdom. When
Arnor is sundered in T.A. 861, Rhudaur becomes an independent realm. Its sparse Dúnadan
aristocracy loses control of the kingdom in T.A. 1349, and during the following year Rhudaur goes
to war with Cardolan and Arthedain. Ruled by High Chief Ermegil Stonearm. Its device is a Celtic
stylized gold hound on a red field.

Rivendell: (S. Imladris) The home of Elrond, a refuge and stronghold of the Elves in Eriador from
the Second Age. Established by Elrond in S.A.1697 during the War of Elves and Sauron. Set in the
now inhospitable lands of Rhudaur. The is in a valley situated between the north and south forks of
the Bruinen (Loudwater) in the Pinefells, the haven's safety derives from the power of Lord Elrond
Half-Elven. No being could pass within the confines of Elrond's realm without his authority such is
the magic woven around it. It was a haven to all who visited, whether you like food or sleep or
story telling or singing, or just sitting and thinking best, or a pleasant mixture of them all. Merely to
be there was a cure for weariness, fear, and sadness. The sound of the river-water sings and the
scent of trees and flowers from Elrond`s gardens lingers all year round. Heraldic symbol is a white
rose on blue field.

Sudúri: (S. "Lond Gwathló;"Q."Mistalondë.") Port town on the lower Gwathló, upstream from the
port of Lond Daer.

Tharbad: (S. Crossing-way) The fortified river-port that straddles the river Gwathló at the point
where the Old North Road meets the Old South Road. Founded by the Númenóreans in the Second
Age, it is the largest city in Cardolan and the royal seat from autumn to spring.

Thuin Boid: (N. High Fort) The regional “capital” of Dor-onen Egladil (S. The Lands of the Angle)
This is the only town in Rhudaur that is under Arthedain control. It supports the “Stone Trees”,
watch towers of Arthedain and Cardolan. The Vulseggi (Wolf Warriors) are the Tergil (Lesser
Dunedain) / Northmen retainers of the former Dunedain lords of Rhudaur. Lady Vulfredda is a
vassal of the King of Arthedain and flies the banner of House Melosse, the original Dunedain lord
of the Angle as her own. Heraldic symbol is a grey tree with blue leaves on a black field.

Tolfalas: (S. Coastal-Isle) The island in the Bay of Belfalas about 40 - 45 Miles South-East of Ethir
Anduin and 40 Miles South of the coast of Belfalas and the same Westward of Harondor. Sparsely
populated and ruled by the Crown Warden.

Trollshaws: (S. Pinnath Tereg) The hilly woodlands of central Rhudaur have been aptly named, for
no place in Eriador is more perniciously infested with Trolls. It is small comfort that most are
ignorant Hill Trolls and Stone Trolls, since the region is also home to savage Wolf packs. Despite
these perils, diminishing but still vast herds of Caru and Losrandir winter in the Trollshaws. It lies
south of the rugged Coldfells, east of the river Mitheithel, west of the river Bruinen, and north of
the gentle fields of the Angle (S. En Egladil).

Umbar: (S. Fate or Evil-Dwelling) Port city and surrounding costal dominion located in western
Harad. Originally a Numenorean port its people remained true to their King even when elf hatred
flourished and the Valar were worshiped no more in Numenor. It is the home of the Black
Numenoreans (aka the Unfaithful or more politely the Umbareans). Umbar and the Bay of Umbar,

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the coastlands, lie in the Southeast of the Bay of Belfalas below Harondor and West of Haradwaith.
The coastline was quite rocky with cliffs because the Northern extremity of the Southern Grey
Mountains reach into Umbar and the Bay of Umbar cut through the lower end of this range. Umbar
had always been a thorn in Gondor’s defences but it was not before King Tarannon (T.A.830-913)
that the strength of Gondor had reached the heights that were needed to vanquish it. He was the first
in the line of the Ship-kings and he extended the realm of Gondor along the shores South and West
of Ethir Anduin. His successor Eärnil I. (T.A.913-936) built a great navy and was the first to
conquer Umbar. During the rule of the next King Ciryandil (T.A.936-1015) the people of
Haradwaith unsuccessfully tried to take Umbar but could not because of the fortress in Umbar and
the strength of the Gondorian navy but Ciryandil was slain in battle with them. Ciryahir his son,
King of Gondor (T.A.1015-1149) finally defeated the Haradwaith in 1050. Heraldic symbol is a
black ship on a golden field.

Underdeeps: Legend has it that cavern systems run under the Earth’s surface. These Dark infested
legacies of Morgoth’s rule in the First Age are found mainly under or near his old Citadels.

Undying Lands: Sometimes considered synonymous with Aman, it includes Aman and Tol
Eressëa. Its inhabitants Elves, Maiar, and Valar are immortal; thus the origin of the label. The land
itself does not confer immortality.

Weathertop: (S. Amun-Sul) The largest top in the Weather Hills which serves as a barrier against
Angmar, at the top stands the watch-tower, Amun-Sul, built by the men from the west (S.A.3320).
The legend tells that here Elendil stood, watching and waiting for Gil-Galad to come out from the
west in the last days of the Last Alliance (S.A.3430). When the Northern Kingdom Arnor, was
divided into Arthedain, Cardolan and Rhudaur, Weathertop and Amun-Sul became the main object
of the strife between the three Kingdoms. Weathertop was in the possession of Arthedain but the
other two realms had garrisons there. South of Weathertop ran the Great East Road from Emyn
Beraid to Rivendell.

West-gate: The western entry into Khazad-dum; also called Durin’s Gate. Flanked by huge holly
trees this door opens onto a wide road leading to what was Ost-in-Edhil, but now only leads to
Tharbad.

West March: Occupied Territory of northwest Gondor between the Isen and Adorn Rivers. This
border fief is known for good relations with the Dunlendings. Governed by Hir Targen, Legate of
the Westmarch.

White Mountains: (S. Ered Nimrais) Snow capped mountains which arch eastward from the Cape
of Andrast and end above Minas Arnor. The paths of the dead pass cross north to south under the
White Mountains between Harrowdale and Erech. The Gondorians have many mines here. Alpine
in character its peaks rise well over 11k feet.

Woodland Realm of the Elves: The Elven kingdom in north Greenwood the great. It is ruled by
King Thranduil. Its Capital and only city is Arahrynd “Halls of the Elven King”. Heraldic symbol is
a dark green beech leaf on a grass green field. Mostly Silvan Elves with a Sindar leadership.
Thranduil has helped Northmen in the past but will brook no dealings with Dwarves.

Woodland Realm of the Woodmen: In central Greenwood the Great. Ruler High Chief Waulfa.
Heraldic symbol is a Black Axe on a green field.

Yfelwood: (Hi. Evil Wood) The most dreaded woods in the Trollshaws.

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k) Song of Akkoraphil, the third Crebain, sister of Akhorahil the second Crebain.

Where once was light

Now darkness falls
Where once was love
Love is no more
Don't say goodbye
Don't say I didn't try

These tears we cry

Are falling rain
For all the lies you told us
The hurt, the blame!
And we will weep to be so alone
We are lost
We can never go home

So in the end
I'll be what I will be
No loyal friend
Was ever there for me

Now we say goodbye

We say you didn't try

These tears you cry

Have come too late
Take back the lies
The hurt, the blame!

And you will weep

When you face the end alone
You are lost
You can never go home
You are lost
You can never go home

l) Regions of Middle Earth. For use with Region Lore.

1 Beleriand (Lindon, Ered Luin, Númeriador)

2 The North (Angmar, Forochel, Forodwaith, Grey Mountains)
3 Eriador (Arthedain, Cardolan, Rhudaur)
4 Southern Eriador (Eregion/Hollin, Dunland, Endewaith)
5 Western Rhovanion (Misty Mountains, Anduin Vales, Greenwood the Great, Grey Mountains and
the Wold)
6 Eastern Rhovanion (Brown Lands, Dead Marshes and Emyn Muil, Dagorlad, Erebor and
Daleland, Dorwinion, Iron Hills, Withered Heath)
7 Gondor (White Mountains, Drúadan Forest, Anorien, Calenardhon, Ithilien, Lebennin,

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 Lond Ernil, Lamedon, Anfalas, Andrast)
8 Mordor (Ephel Duath, Ered Lithui, Udûn, Gorgoroth, Nurn)
9 Harad (Harondor, Umbar, Khand, Haradwraith)
10 Rhûn (Lands east of the Sea of Rhûn)

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