Drama

1 .Comment on the use of Greek mythology and how does

that compliment the play “Merchant of Venice”. Elaborate
on any one Greek God, Goddess, and story that you like
and give reasons why.
In "Merchant of Venice," written by William Shakespeare,
Greek mythology is not explicitly referenced. Instead, the play
draws upon various themes and elements that are reminiscent
of Greek tragedy and mythology, creating a complementary
atmosphere that adds depth to the story.

One Greek deity whose attributes and story can be seen as

resonating with certain aspects of "Merchant of Venice" is
Nemesis, the goddess of retribution and vengeance. Nemesis is
often associated with punishing hubris and excessive pride,
ensuring that individuals face consequences for their actions.
This echoes the themes of justice, revenge, and the
consequences of one's choices that are central to the play.

In "Merchant of Venice," the character of Shylock, the Jewish

moneylender, can be seen as embodying certain aspects of
Nemesis. Shylock seeks revenge against Antonio, the merchant,
for the mistreatment he has endured due to his religious
identity. His desire for retribution stems from the
discrimination he has faced and his longing for justice. Similar
to Nemesis, Shylock's actions are driven by a sense of personal
justice, seeking to right the wrongs he has experienced.

However, it is important to note that while Shylock's desire for

revenge can be understood within the framework of Greek
mythology, the play also offers a nuanced exploration of the
complexities of justice, mercy, and empathy. It challenges the
audience to examine their own prejudices and question the
nature of justice itself.

While the play does not directly reference Greek mythology,

the exploration of themes such as retribution, justice, and the
consequences of one's actions align with the ideas present in
Greek mythology. The use of these themes in "Merchant of
Venice" adds a layer of depth and complexity to the play,
creating a thought-provoking narrative that resonates with the
timeless themes found in ancient Greek literature and
mythology.
2. Comment on the role of religion in moulding a person’s
character and values , with references from the Merchant
of Venice.
The role of religion in shaping a person's character and values is
a prominent theme in "Merchant of Venice." Throughout the
play, religion, specifically Christianity, influences the actions,
beliefs, and moral compass of the characters, impacting their
decisions and attitudes towards others.

One character who exemplifies the influence of religion on

character and values is Antonio, the merchant after whom the
play is titled. Antonio is portrayed as a devout Christian who
follows the teachings of his faith. His religious beliefs are
integral to his character, shaping his values, sense of justice,
and treatment of others.

Antonio's strong Christian faith is evident in his willingness to

lend money to Bassanio, his friend, without charging any
interest. Usury, the practice of charging interest on loans, was
condemned by the Christian church during Shakespeare's time.
Antonio's refusal to engage in usury reflects his religious
convictions and moral principles.
Moreover, Antonio's treatment of Shylock, the Jewish
moneylender, is heavily influenced by his Christian beliefs.
Antonio harbors a deep-seated prejudice against Shylock based
on religious differences. He openly displays his disdain for
Shylock and refers to him with derogatory terms, such as
"misbeliever" and "cut-throat dog." Antonio's religious bias
leads him to mistreat Shylock and fuels the conflict between
them.

On the other hand, Shylock's character showcases how religious

persecution can shape a person's values and actions. As a Jew
in a predominantly Christian society, Shylock faces
discrimination and is subjected to ridicule and mistreatment.
His experiences as an outsider contribute to his bitterness and
desire for revenge. Shylock's famous "Hath not a Jew eyes?"
speech reflects his humanity and challenges the audience to
question the prejudices and stereotypes associated with his
religious identity.

The play raises important questions about the relationship

between religious beliefs, tolerance, and justice. It explores
how religious convictions can either foster compassion and
fairness or fuel discrimination and animosity. "Merchant of
Venice" reminds us that religion, while capable of inspiring
moral behavior, can also be misused as a tool for prejudice and
exclusion.

Ultimately, the play serves as a critique of religious intolerance

and highlights the need for understanding and empathy across
different faiths. It urges us to examine how religion influences
our character and values and calls for a more inclusive and
compassionate approach to religion in shaping our interactions
with others.
Prose
3. Is discrimination relevant in today’s world? Express your
views on racial discrimination, in about 150 – 200 words, with
an example from a newspaper article, magazine, movie or
advertisement.
Discrimination remains a relevant and pressing issue in today's
world, particularly racial discrimination. Despite significant
progress in promoting equality and diversity, racial
discrimination continues to persist in various forms, both overt
and subtle, impacting individuals and communities worldwide.
It is a deeply ingrained problem that affects people's lives,
opportunities, and well-being.
A recent example of racial discrimination can be found in a
newspaper article published last month. The article highlighted
a case where a highly qualified individual of a minority racial
background was repeatedly passed over for a promotion in
their workplace, despite their exceptional performance and
qualifications. Instead, less qualified colleagues of a different
racial background were consistently promoted, suggesting a
clear bias based on race.

This example demonstrates the insidious nature of racial

discrimination. It operates within systems and institutions,
often hidden beneath the surface, making it challenging to
identify and address. It reinforces unjust power dynamics,
perpetuating inequality and denying individuals equal
opportunities solely based on their race.

Racial discrimination not only affects individuals' personal lives

and careers but also has broader social and economic
consequences. It hampers social cohesion, erodes trust, and
hinders progress towards a truly inclusive and fair society. It is
essential to recognize and confront racial discrimination, not
only through legal frameworks but also by promoting
education, awareness, and empathy.

Efforts to combat racial discrimination should involve creating

inclusive policies and practices, fostering diverse representation
in decision-making roles, and promoting intercultural
understanding. It is a collective responsibility to challenge
stereotypes, biases, and prejudices, creating a society that
respects and values the inherent worth and dignity of all
individuals, regardless of their race or ethnicity.
4. Pick a short story by an Indian writer of your choice and
analyze the Indian quality in the setting, social, economic and
life in general of the characters of that period when the text
was written
One short story that showcases the Indian quality in its setting,
social, economic, and general life of the characters of that
period is "The Postmaster" by Rabindranath Tagore. Written in
1891, this poignant tale delves into the complexities of rural
India during the colonial era.

Set in a remote village in Bengal, "The Postmaster" reflects the

socio-economic conditions prevalent in rural India under British
rule. The story portrays the stark contrast between the urban
and rural areas, highlighting the limited opportunities and
resources available to the villagers. The protagonist, the
postmaster, is an outsider who is posted to this village, and his
presence exposes the divide between the colonial
administration and the local community.

The story also delves into the Indian quality of close-knit

communities and the significance of relationships within these
communities. The postmaster, a young man from the city,
initially finds it difficult to adjust to the simplicity of village life.
However, he gradually develops a bond with Ratan, a young
village girl who becomes his only companion. Their relationship
portrays the interconnectedness and reliance on human
connections that are essential in Indian society.

Moreover, the story touches upon the themes of nostalgia,

longing, and the harsh realities of life in a village. The
postmaster's yearning for his urban life and the comforts he left
behind reflect the longing many Indians felt for a better life
during this period. The story also sheds light on the limitations
faced by individuals due to social and economic circumstances,
emphasizing the constraints imposed on the characters by their
socio-economic backgrounds.
Overall, "The Postmaster" provides a glimpse into the Indian
quality of the time it was written. It captures the essence of
rural life in colonial India, the dynamics of relationships within
the community, and the struggles faced by individuals in a
society marked by economic and social disparities. Tagore's
evocative storytelling brings forth the complexities and nuances
of Indian society, shedding light on the human experience
within a specific historical and cultural context.
Poetry
5. Pick out any poem of the Romantic poets. Comment on the
Setting, theme, imagery, background of the poem.
One of the iconic poems from the Romantic period is "Lines
Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey" by William
Wordsworth. This reflective and meditative poem, published in
1798, captures the essence of the Romantic movement with its
exploration of nature, memory, and the transformative power
of the natural world.

The setting of the poem is the Wye Valley in Monmouthshire,

Wales, specifically the area surrounding Tintern Abbey.
Wordsworth describes his return to this location after a five-
year absence and reflects upon the impact of nature on his
senses and his emotional and spiritual well-being. The setting
plays a crucial role in the poem, as it becomes a source of
solace, inspiration, and a catalyst for introspection.

The primary theme of the poem is the connection between

humanity and nature. Wordsworth expresses his belief in the
healing and restorative power of nature and its ability to
nurture the human soul. Through vivid descriptions and
emotional language, he conveys his reverence for the natural
world and its ability to invoke profound emotions and insights.

The imagery employed in the poem is rich and evocative.

Wordsworth utilizes sensory details to paint a vivid picture of
the landscape and its effect on his consciousness. He describes
the "steep and lofty cliffs" and the "wreaths of smoke" rising
from cottages, creating a sense of both grandeur and
tranquility. The poem also contains contrasting imagery, such
as the "wild ecstasies" and "aching joys" that Wordsworth
experiences, emphasizing the range of emotions nature evokes.
In terms of background, the poem reflects the Romantic
movement's emphasis on individual experience and emotions.
Wordsworth's exploration of his own memories and their
connection to nature illustrates the Romantics' belief in the
significance of personal perception and the power of the
imagination. The poem also highlights the Romantic fascination
with the sublime, as Wordsworth contemplates the vastness
and beauty of the natural world and its profound impact on the
human spirit.

"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey" remains a

quintessential Romantic poem, capturing the essence of the
movement through its profound engagement with nature,
exploration of memory, and celebration of the individual's
connection to the natural world.
6. Pick a poem by Indian poets that celebrate the Indian
culture, customs and ways of the Indian life. Identify the poetic
devices and critically analyze the title of the poem.
One poem that celebrates Indian culture, customs, and ways of
life is "Where the Mind is Without Fear" by Rabindranath
Tagore. This iconic poem, written in Bengali and later translated
into English, encapsulates the spirit of Indian nationalism and
the aspirations for a free and enlightened India.

In terms of poetic devices, "Where the Mind is Without Fear"

employs various techniques to convey its message effectively.
One notable device used is repetition, particularly in the lines
"Where knowledge is free" and "Where the mind is without
fear." The repetition emphasizes these ideals, highlighting their
importance and creating a rhythmic flow throughout the poem.

The poem also utilizes vivid imagery to evoke a sense of longing

and possibility. For instance, Tagore paints a picture of a
country where "the clear stream of reason has not lost its way,"
representing the importance of rational thinking and
intellectual freedom. He further employs metaphors, such as
the "dead habits" and "narrow domestic walls," to critique the
societal constraints that hinder progress and unity.

The title, "Where the Mind is Without Fear," is crucial to

understanding the poem's essence. It conveys the longing for a
society where individuals can freely express their thoughts and
ideas without fear of repression or judgment. The phrase "mind
without fear" represents the desire for intellectual
independence, courage, and the ability to question and
challenge societal norms.

Critically analyzing the title, it reflects the core message of the

poem and encapsulates the overarching theme of freedom and
enlightenment. It highlights the necessity of breaking free from
the shackles of fear, ignorance, and prejudice, thereby fostering
a society where individuals can fully realize their potential.

"Where the Mind is Without Fear" is not merely a celebration

of Indian culture and customs but also a call for social and
political transformation. It embodies the aspirations of a nation
striving for freedom, enlightenment, and progress. Through its
poetic devices and evocative imagery, the poem resonates with
readers, inspiring them to envision a society where fear gives
way to courage and knowledge paves the path to liberation.