Questions

Q1.
 
A student investigates moments of forces.

Figure 14 shows the apparatus used.

The pivot is under the centre of the rod.

A magnet is fixed to one end of the rod.

A piece of modelling clay is fixed to the other end of the rod.

The system is in equilibrium.

(a)  The student fixes a coil to the bench under the magnet as shown in Figure 15.

The coil of wire is connected to a d.c. power supply so that there is a current in the coil.
To bring the system back into equilibrium, the student hangs a 0.050 N weight on the rod, 8.4 cm away from the
pivot, as shown in Figure 15.
Calculate the size of the force between the magnet and the coil.
(3)

force = ........................................................... N

(b)  Describe how the student could develop the investigation to determine if the size of the force between the
magnet and the coil is directly proportional to the size of the current in the coil.
(4)
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(Total for question = 7 marks)
 

Q2.
 
Figure 14 show a rack and pinion system, used on a mountain railway.

The teeth on the rack are 8.0 cm apart.

Calculate how far along the rack the train moves when the pinion turns through one complete revolution.
(2)
 distance = ........................................................... m

 
(Total for question = 2 marks)
 

Q3.
 
*Figure 24 shows a wooden block connected to a weight by a string.
The string goes over a pulley.

The surfaces of the table and the wooden block are both rough.

The wooden block moves across the table at a constant horizontal velocity.

Several vertical and horizontal forces act on the wooden block as it moves.

Explain how the forces keep the wooden block moving across the table at a constant horizontal velocity.

Your answer should refer to all forces acting on the wooden block.

You may add to the diagram to help with your answer.

(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q4.
 
* Explain, with the aid of a circuit diagram, the method a student could use to investigate how the resistance of a
single lamp changes with the potential difference across the lamp.
(6)

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(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q5.
 
A student investigates resistors connected in parallel using a number of resistors.
Each resistor has the same resistance.

Figure 10 shows a circuit diagram with one resistor, R.

(i)  Add to Figure 10:

· a voltmeter to find the potential difference across resistor R

· another resistor in parallel with resistor R. 
(2)
(ii)  State the measurements that the student must take to find the overall
       resistance of the resistors in parallel.
(2)
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(iii)  The student investigates how the overall resistance of the circuit changes
       when additional resistors are added in parallel to R.
 Each resistor has the same resistance.
 Figure 11 shows the results of the student's investigation.
 State the resistance of a single resistor.
(1)

resistance = ........................................................... Ω

(iv)  Comment on the relationship between the overall resistance of the circuit and
       the number of resistors in parallel.
 Use information from Figure 11 to support your answer.
(3)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)
 

Q6.
 
Figure 10 shows two electrical devices for heating water.

(i)  The current in the element of the immersion heater is 14 A.

The power of the immersion heater is 130 W.
Calculate the resistance of the immersion heater.
Give your answer to two significant figures.
(3)

resistance of immersion heater = ........................................................... Ω

(ii)  The current in the heating element of the kettle is 8.3 A.

State two differences between the movement of charge in the heating
element of the kettle and the movement of charge in the immersion heater.
(2)
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(Total for question = 5 marks)
 

Q7.
 
A different circuit is then set up with two resistors as shown in Figure 12.

(i)  Calculate the potential difference across the 15 Ω resistor.

(2)

potential difference = ........................................................... V

(ii)  Calculate the total power dissipated when there is a current of 0.20 A in the two resistors.
Use the equation
P = I2 × R
(2)

power produced ........................................................... W

 
(Total for question = 4 marks)
 

Q8.
 
A student sets up the apparatus shown in Figure 9.
 Figure 9

(i)  When the current in the solenoid is switched on, the solenoid attracts the iron nail.
Describe how the student could use this apparatus to investigate how the size of the current in the solenoid
affects the force of attraction between the solenoid and the iron nail.
(4)
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(ii)  The spring constant of a different spring is 24 N/m.

The spring is extended from its unstretched length by 12 cm.
Calculate the energy transferred in extending the spring by 12 cm.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(2)
 energy transferred = ........................................................... J

 
(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q9.
 
A power transmission wire hangs so that it is at right angles to the Earth's magnetic field.

Although this magnetic field is constant, the cable experiences a changing force.

Explain why the force experienced by the cable changes.

(4)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)
 

Q10.
 
Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
Figure 11 shows a copper wire between two magnetic poles.

The current in the wire is in the direction shown by the arrow.

The wire experiences a force due to the magnetic field.

(i)  The direction of the force due to the magnetic field is

(1)
   A    down

   B    up

   C    towards the north pole of the magnet

   D    towards the south pole of the magnet

(ii)  The interaction between the magnetic fields produced by the magnet and the
current in the wire produces forces on the magnet and the wire.
Compare these two forces.
(1)
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(iii)  Figure 12 shows a different wire inside a uniform magnetic field.

The magnetic flux density of the magnetic field is 0.72 N/A m.
The length of the wire inside the field is 30 mm.
The size of the force due to the magnetic field on the wire is 0.045 N.

Calculate the size of the current in the wire.

Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(3)

current in the wire = ........................................................... A

 
(Total for question = 5 marks)
 

Q11.
 
Figure 12 shows the directions of some plotting compass needles placed at different points near the Earth's surface.
(i)  Sketch, on Figure 12, the Earth's magnetic field outside and inside the Earth.
(2)
(ii)  State which part of the Earth generates its magnetic field.
(1)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)
 

Q12.
 
A student has a bar magnet, a piece of iron the same size as the magnet, and some paper clips.

Describe how the student could use these items to demonstrate temporary induced magnetism.
(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)
 

Q13.
 
Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

A student uses a plotting compass to investigate the magnetic field around a wire.

Figure 10 shows the wire going straight through a card.

Figure 10 shows the compass needle when there is no current in the wire.

(i)  Which of these shows a possible direction of the compass needle when there
is a current in the wire going from P to Q?
(1)
(ii)  Describe how the student could develop the investigation to find the shape of
the magnetic field produced by the current.
(3)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)
 

Q14.
 
(i)  Figure 17 shows the output from a battery.

Figure 17
Explain why a transformer will not work with the input current as shown in Figure 17.
(2)
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(ii)  A transformer has 30 turns on the primary coil and 150 turns on the secondary coil.
A potential difference of 25 V is applied across the primary coil.
 Calculate the potential difference across the secondary coil.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(3)

potential difference = ........................................................... V

 
(Total for question = 5 marks)
 

Q15.
 
Figure 18 shows a transformer.

(i)  State the purpose of the transformer shown in Figure 18.

(1)
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(ii)  Calculate the output voltage of the secondary coil.

Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(3)
 output voltage = ........................................................... V

 
(Total for question = 4 marks)
 

Q16.
 

Figure 22 shows how electricity is delivered efficiently from a power station (P) to homes (T).

Using Figure 22, explain the stages in the process of delivering electricity efficiently from P to T.

Your answer should include details of the effects that Q, R and S have on efficiency.
(6)
 
(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q17.
 
Figure 20 shows a magnet and a coil.

The coil is connected to a sensitive centre-zero ammeter.

Explain what will be observed on the meter when the magnet is pushed in and pulled out of the coil, repeatedly.
(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)
 

Q18.
 
Figure 14 shows a spring standing on a table.
Weights are added to the spring as shown in Figures 14b and 14c.

(i)  Estimate the original length of the spring as shown in Figure 14a.

(1)
original length = ........................................................... mm

(ii)  Describe how the reduction in the length of the spring when weights are added can be determined.
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(iii)  State two ways that the experimental procedure could be improved.

(2)
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(iv)  Give one reason why the reduction in length eventually reaches a limit as more weights are added.
(1)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q19.
 
A steel ball has a volume of 3.6 cm3 and a mass of 28 g.

(i)  Calculate the density of steel in kg/m3.

(3)

density = ........................................................... kg/m3

(ii)  The steel ball is at a room temperature of 20 °C.

It is then put in a pan of boiling water maintained at 100 °C.
Calculate how much thermal energy the ball gains as its temperature increases from 20 °C to 100 °C.
Specific heat capacity of steel = 510 J/ kg °C
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(2)

thermal energy gained = ........................................................... J

(iii)  The steel ball is put into a furnace where it melts.

Compare the motion of particles in the steel when they are in the solid state with their motion when in the molten
(liquid) state.
(3)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)
 

Q20.
 
Another spring is extended.
The work done to extend the spring is 0.14 J.

The spring constant of the spring is 175 N/m.

Calculate the extension of the spring.

Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(3)

extension of spring = ........................................................... m

 
(Total for question = 3 marks)
 

Q21.
 
Figure 16 shows a beaker containing 150 g of water.

Figure 16

The cross-sectional area of the bottom of the beaker is 3.3 × 10–3 m–2.

Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the beaker due to the water.

Take gravitational field strength, g, to be 10 N/kg.

(2)

pressure = ........................................................... Pa

 
 (Total for question = 2 marks)
 

Q22.
 
Figure 1 shows some gas in a container.

Figure 1

The pressure of gas in Figure 1 is 103 kPa, and the volume of gas is 0.010 m3.

Calculate the pressure of the gas in Figure 2 if the volume is now 0.0070 m3.

Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(3)

pressure = ........................................................... kPa

 
(Total for question = 3 marks)