Menelik II medical and health Science College

Public Health Nutrition: Epidemiology Course

Ex 1: Exercise on Prevalence/ Incidence / Measures of association
Due date: May 23, 2023(9:00am); Name: __________________________________________

Q1. To answer Questions 1A-E use the following figure showing episodes of an illness X (a disease
that develops lifelong immunity), in a population of 200 people followed for 3 consecutive months.

A. What is the incidence of illness X among the population in the month Sept 1 to Oct 1?

B. What is the prevalence of illness X among the population on Oct. 1?

C. What is the prevalence of illness X among the population from Sept. 1 to Nov. 30?

D. What is the mid year population of the population between Sept. 1 and Nov. 30?

E. What is the denominator for the incidence of disease X among the population
from Sept. 1- Nov 30?
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 Menelik II medical and health Science College
Public Health Nutrition: Epidemiology Course
Ex 1: Exercise on Prevalence/ Incidence / Measures of association
Due date: May 23, 2023(9:00am); Name: __________________________________________
Answer questions 2-5 using the following information
In 2010, a total of 100,000 mothers gave birth at XXXX hospital, and the following outcomes
were registered
 95,000 mothers give to a live singleton baby
 45000 were girl babies
 Within the first week of birth 75,000 of these babies were vaccinated for BCG

Q2. What is the sex ratio of the babies?

Q3. What was the proportion of live singleton birth in the hospital?

Q4. What is the proportion of babies who were vaccinated for BCG within a week of their
birth? Is this proportion a ratio too? Give your reason

Q5. How many of the live births were male babies? What measures frequency is this number
of babies?
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ONLY HAND WRITTEN ANSWERES ON THE QUESTION SHEET ARE ACCEPTED, don’t use extra paper
 Menelik II medical and health Science College
Public Health Nutrition: Epidemiology Course
Ex 1: Exercise on Prevalence/ Incidence / Measures of association
Due date: May 23, 2023(9:00am); Name: __________________________________________
Answer questions 6-9 using the following information
The following table shows the result of a study conducted to assess the relationship between
multiple sexual partnerships (MSP) and HIV infection.

HIV Test
Total
Positive Negative

MSP 1,000 9,000 10,000

NoMSP 200 9,800 10,000

1200 18,800 20,000

Q6. Is there association between SPM and risk of HIV infection? If any, how strong is the association?
(Show your calculations)

Q7. What is the extra risk of HIV infection among people having MSP? (Show your calculations)

Q8. What proportion of HIV infection can be attributed to MSP in this population? (Show your
calculations)

Q9. Would you recommend campaigning against MSP in Ethiopia based on this study findings?
(Explain your answer)
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ONLY HAND WRITTEN ANSWERES ON THE QUESTION SHEET ARE ACCEPTED, don’t use extra paper
 Menelik II medical and health Science College
Public Health Nutrition: Epidemiology Course
Ex 1: Exercise on Prevalence/ Incidence / Measures of association
Due date: May 23, 2023(9:00am); Name: __________________________________________
Answer questions 10-11 using the following information
The following table shows the result of a study conducted to assess the relationship between
consistent and correct condom use and HIV infection.
HIV Test
Total
Positive Negative
Correct and Consistent condom users 150 9,850 10,000
Not condom users 450 9,550 10,000
600 19,400 20,000
Q10. Is there association between condom use and risk of HIV infection? If any, how strong is the
association? (Show your calculations)

Q11. What proportion of HIV infection can be prevented by correct and consistent use of condom in this
population? (Show your calculations)

Answer questions 12-13 using the following information

Annual Mortality Rate per 100,000 person-year
Lung Cancer Heart Disease
Cigarette smokers 160 1000
Non-smokers 10 500
Relative risk
Attributable risk
Q12. Smoking is likely to cause which of the diseases? Why?

Q13. If the Government successfully campaigns for eliminations of smoking from which disease are more
people saved? Why?
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ONLY HAND WRITTEN ANSWERES ON THE QUESTION SHEET ARE ACCEPTED, don’t use extra paper