f where 42°) O° PW Re es te a poe) any value of O, Le. > the Corresponding v From the curve of Plate 11.2; for 1 be read Knowing Hand d, the value of Gr can be casiy an . of va an calculated must lie within the safe limits, shown in Tap, ty The exit gradiont ia ¢ must be kept 98 Jow as possible consistent with th ey, he uplift Pressure Ty floor thickness |" the minimum, i at the exit, so as ny (11.19) that if d=0;Gg is infinite, 74, . Hence It is obvious from equation (1) es absolutely essential to provi bo 1.1. Determine the perce Bram , i vi gradient an de a vertical cutoff at the downstream ,,,' Cam end ntage pressures at various key points j ‘plot the hydraulic gradient line fy in Fig ” bong Intermediate Pile No.2 Fig. 11.8 Solution. (1) For Upstream Pile Line No. (1) ee length of the floor = b = 57.0 m. pth of ws pile line = d = 154.00 - 148.00 = 6.0 m © scanned with OKEN ScannerSEEPAGE AND DESIG} sons a 'N OF WEIRS AND BARRAGES rom curve Plate 11.1 (a) 321 $c, = 100 - 29 = 71% $0, = 100 ~ 20 = 80% soase values of fc, and fp, must be corrected for three corecting ag oe ow : corrections for $c, (o) Correction at C; for Mutual Interference o spediate pile No. 2 , a[D (¢+D Correction =19 V5 (3 where D = Depth of pile No. 2. f Piles. $c, is affected by inter- Eq. (11.3) .0 - 148.00 = 5.0 m, istance between two piles = 15.8 m, tal floor length =57.0 m, Correction = 19 V5 ee Sea 1.88% Since the point C) is in the rear in the direction of flow from pile No. (2), the correction is + ve. - Correction due to pile interference on C1 = 1.88% (+-ve) od) (6) Correction at Cy due to thickness of floor. Pressure calculated from curve is at Cy, (Fig. ta apy 119) but we want the pressure at C). Pressure at Cy shall be more than at C;’ as the direction of flow Fig 119 is from C, to Cy’ as shown; and hence, the correction will be + ve and 154.0 - 148.0 (c) Correction due to slope at C, is nil, as this point is neither situated at the start nor at the end of a slope. Corrected $c, = 71% + 1.88% + 1.5% = 74. 38% Hence corrected $c, = 74.38% Ans. and 4p, = 80% (2) For Intermediate Pile Line No. (2) d= 154.00 - 148.00=6.0m b=57.0m nests, ee |: (154.00 - 153.00) = X1= 1.5% (+ve) ii) 9.5 © scanned with OKEN ScannerIRRIGATION ENGINBERING AND HYDRA 322 Licg. TR fPlnte 11.1 (6), we have by in this case Ue o Using curves % = 0,64 15.8 = 16.4 m b=57.0m ~ 0.298 = 0.702 5, = 100 - 30% = 70% t (where 30% is $¢ for a base ratio of 0.709 ana $c, = 56% (for a base ratio of 0.298 and a = 9.5) $p, = 100 - 37 = 63% ‘ (where 37% is ¢p for a base ratio of 0.799 and @. Corrections for $5, (a) Correction at Ep for sheet pile lines. Pile No. (1) will affect the Press Ey, and since By isin the forward direction of flow from pile No. (1), this cory shal be - ve. The amount of this correction is given as: [D [d+D 19 Ps | he. Ea. (ty) where D= Depth of pile No. 1, the effect o considered = 153.0 ~ 148.9 =5 9 d= depth of pile No. 2 the effect considered = 153.0 - 148.9 <5 = Distance between the two m, b= Total floor length = 57.0 m. Correction = 19 VS Es = 1.88% (~ ve) ) Correction at By due 19 floor thickness Obs. be, ~ Obs. by, * Distance Labroes B,D, * Thickness of floor = (20% ~ 63% 1 isto ass }* 10= Fx 1.021.179, sure observed ©) and by lookin Ure ay tig f Which is m on whichis Om piles = 153 Since t ae, wee is at By’ and not te iy cre a the direction hl be ee frat the pressure at "Psion ie megatgg CBRE at Ey, hence, this cor. ©) Corre ae ve), Point £ ig al Por at the en © scanned with OKEN Scanneryp sBBPAGE AND DESIGN OF WEIRS AND BARRAGES id or he corrected pereentage pressure at By ee corrected p= 70% ~ 1.88% ~ 1.17% 323 18.95% Ans. ons fF oc, a corre” ection at C2 due to pile interference, Pressure at Cy is affected by pile ca) CoMsince the Point Cz is in the rear in the direction of flow from pile No. nection is + Ve. The amount of this correction is given as : D (D+d =19 Ve x5 ie, Eq. (11.3) where Depth of pile No. (3), the effect of which is considered below the level at which inter- ference is desired 153.0 - 141.7 = 11.3 m Depth of pile No. 2, the effect on which is considered 153.0 - 148.0 =5.0 m. Distance between pile 2 and pile 3 = 40.0m b= Total floor length = 57.0 m. 11.0 (11.3 +5.0 aon ( Fie 2am (ve) 40) e enis corre b Correction = 19 (b) Correction at C2 due to floor thickness. From Fig. 11.10, it can be easily soted that the pressure at C. shall be more than that at Cy’, and since the observed pressure is at Cy’, this correction shall be + ve and its amount is the same as was calculated for the point Ey = 1.17%. Hence, correction at Cy due to floor thickness = 1.17% (+ve). (© Correction at Cz due to slope. Since the point Cp is situated at the start of aslope of 3: 1, ie. an up slope in the direction of flow ; the correction is negative. Correction factor for 3 : 1 slope from Table 11.4 = 4.5 Horizontal length of the slope = 3 m. Distance between two pile lines between which the sloping floor is located =40.0 m. +. Actual correction = 4.5 x (3/40) = 0.34% (~ ve) Hence, corrected $c, = 56% + 2.89% + 1.17% - 0.34% = 59.72% () For Downstream Pile Line No. (3) d=152.0-141.7=9.3m b=57.0m. id _103 a7 5757970181. From curves of Plate 11.1 (a), we get $n, =82% and 9g, = 38% © scanned with OKEN ScannerIRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC. STRY 324 Corrections for >, (a) Correction due to piles. The pressure at point Ba is affected by Pile ny, ‘orrection due to " 1 a co 7. ‘s in the forward direction of flow from pile No. 2, thi and since Ey oN S corre 2 ty negative, and its amount is given as . D, (d4+D os = 4 . sy here D= Depth of pile No. 2, the effect ota wher considered hich is = 150.7 ~ 148.0 = 2.7 m, d= Depth of pile No. 3, t considered 150.7 ~ 141.7=9.0 m, b'= Distance between piles = 49 b= Total floor length = 57.0 m. : 27 (942.7 The correction = 19 22 se (6) Correction due to floor thickness he effect, On Which is Om 1.02% (- ve) From Fig. 11.11, it ean be stated easil Sure at E shall be less than at observed from curves is at By’; and its amount = 38% ~ 32% ly that the pres. 2y', and since the pressure this correction shall be ~ ve 6 10.5 * 13 = 0.76% (— vey (©) Correction £5 is neither slope. Malte #0 slope at Bs is nil, ay the point . Situated at the start nor at the end of any et motaecPete head = 7 _ 158.0 ~ 159 0=6.0 ne x .0 = 6, Tonat foe Tenge off is 152.9 M417. 10. i 5 Om, , © scanned with OKEN ScannerAND DESIGN OF WEIRS AND BARRAGES e of SBBPAG ; 325 . > rr salve of a= 5.53, from curves of Plate 11.2 is equal to 0.18, pot Bee al a Od “ak ~ 10.3% 018 9559 = 0-105 ee gradient shall be equal to 0.105, ie, 1 in 9.53, which is very ¢ exi | we he th be seen from the safe values given in table 11.3 safe . , t “ a ne Hydraulic Gradient Line | ures, computed and tabulated i 5 centage PFS fed in Table 11.5, can be used THe “he elevation of H.G. line above the datum, as given in Table 11.6 we Table 11.6 Td = Height / Elevation of Sub-soil H.G. Line above Datum a8) SE) E SE) SE) S|] Upstream Intermediate Downstream gelbs 3 Pile Line Pile Line Pile Line i 2) 5/3 te, 1%, ] 4%, | tm | | % | t | #0, | oy 100%| 80% | 74.38%|66.95% 63.0%|59.72% 36.22%|32.0% | 0% 6.0 | 4.8 | 4.46 4.02 | 3.78 | 3.58 | 2.68 | 192 | 0.0 | 158.00 |152.00| 6.0 158.0|156.8] 156,46 |156.02)155.78,155.58] 154.17 |153.92) 152.0 Fig. 11.12 © scanned with OKEN Scanner